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Peskersoy C, Oguzhan A, Akcay C, Dincturk BA, Can HS, Kamer EK, Haciyanli M. Evaluation of oral health status and immunological parameters of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute and recovery phases: A randomized clinical trial. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1515-1524. [PMID: 39035327 PMCID: PMC11259628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It is known that COVID-19 patients show many clinical oral symptoms due to the immunological mechanisms triggered by the virus. Aim of this study is to analyze the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, and to evaluate the oral health status of hospitalized patients. Materials and methods 160 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-PCR testing and 160 healthy volunteers (HI) with similar age, gender and systemic status were included to compare the bio-chemical and oral manifestations. Oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected to evaluate the salivary interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10) and immunoglobulins (sIgA, sIgG, sIgM). Oral findings (DMFT, plaque index, salivary flow rate), socio-demographic information and systemic conditions were also recorded. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Spearman's ratio tests were applied to determine the possible correlations between the factors (P = 0.05). Results The mean DMFT scores of COVID-19 patients (12.71 ± 7.3) were significantly higher than the HI (7.39 ± 2.8), whereas cases of total or partial edentulism were more common among COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05). While plaque index scores were similar for both groups (P > 0.05), salivary parameters were found statistically different (P < 0.05). Severe and moderate cases showed higher proinflammatory interleukin levels (IL-1 = 68.74 pg/ml, IL-6 = 53.31 pg/ml) amongst all (P < 0.05). While secretory immunoglobulins were almost depleted at baseline, (sIgA = 0.11 mg/ml, sIgG = 0.21 mg/ml, sIgM = 0.08 mg/ml) they reached to threshold levels after 4 weeks. Conclusion Higher proinflammatory interleukin levels indicated that traces of ongoing "Cytokine Storm" in COVID-19 patients which can also be observed in oral environment. Poor oral hygiene and malnutrition due to edentulism can pave the way for having a severe COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Peskersoy
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aybeniz Oguzhan
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagri Akcay
- Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Infectious Diseases, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beyza A. Dincturk
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya S.E. Can
- Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdinc K. Kamer
- Health Sciences University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haciyanli
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
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Majeed MM, Ahmed I, Roome T, Alali Y, Al-Aali KA, Ahmed N, Saleem Z, Alhumaidan AA, Farooqui WA, Ahmed S, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2889. [PMID: 35270581 PMCID: PMC8910701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (P) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in initial, moderate and severe periodontitis. One hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study. Periodontitis subjects had at least 20 natural teeth and ≥8 sites with pocket depths of >4 mm and clinical attachment loss (CAL). A questionnaire was used with respect to the socio demographic parameters which included age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital, residence and occupation. To categorize the severity of the disease, teeth were assessed for, Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BOP), CAL, missing tooth, tooth mobility and bone loss. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cytokine levels were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with microplate reader at 450 nm. Clinical parameters and salivary cytokine concentrations were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, whereas a correlation of cases with gender and severity of periodontitis was evaluated using chi-square test. Fifty-nine patients were healthy controls and 63 were periodontitis patients Thirty two percent (n = 20) had initial periodontitis, 40% (n = 25) suffered from moderate and 29% (n = 18) had severe periodontitis. Periodontitis subgroups were significantly different with regards to age and gender (p < 0.001). The mean PPD and CAL among the periodontitis patients (PPD, 3.52 ± 1.25 mm; CAL, 4.04 ± 1.64 mm) were significantly compromised (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls (PPD, 1.52 ± 0.73 mm; CAL, 0.08 ± 0.28 mm). Increased levels of IL-1β were associated with high CAL and PPD findings. UWS IL-1β levels were higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. In addition, cases of severe periodontitis showed significantly higher UWS IL-1β levels compared to initial and moderate periodontitis patients. Comparative levels of salivary IL-1β can be potentially used as a diagnostic tool for periodontitis identification and disease progression along with clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Majeed
- Department of Oral Biology, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan;
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Orthodontics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Talat Roome
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Yasser Alali
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khulud A. Al-Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan;
| | - Zohra Saleem
- Deprtment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waqas A. Farooqui
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Saeeda Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, Baqai Mecial University, Karachi 75340, Pakistan;
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
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Periodontitis, Metabolic and Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases: Current Perspectives on Possible Pathogenic Connections. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030341. [PMID: 35330341 PMCID: PMC8955434 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive research conducted over the past decades has shown that there is a definite connection between periodontal and systemic conditions, leading to the development and consolidation of the “periodontal medicine” concept. The 2018 classification of periodontal conditions uses this concept as a key element of the precise diagnosis of and individualized therapeutical protocols for periodontitis patients. The topic of this review is the pathogenic connections that exist between periodontal disease and metabolic/digestive tract conditions. It is important to remember that the oral cavity is a key element of the digestive tract and that any conditions affecting its integrity and function (such as periodontitis or oral cancer) can have a significant impact on the metabolic and gastrointestinal status of a patient. Thus, significant diseases with links to metabolic or digestive disruptions were chosen for inclusion in the review, such as diabetes mellitus, hepatic conditions and gastric cancers. Periodontal pathogenic mechanisms share several significant elements with these conditions, including mutual pro-inflammatory mediators, bacterial elements and genetic predisposition. Consequently, periodontal screening should be recommended for affected patients, and conversely, periodontitis patients should be considered for careful monitoring of their metabolic and digestive status.
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis and Chronic Hepatitis C. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6917919. [PMID: 34840527 PMCID: PMC8626199 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6917919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study is aimed at assessing the impact that periodontal disease and chronic hepatitis C could have on gingival crevicular fluid levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 (CASP-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and at evaluating whether the increased local inflammatory reaction with clinical periodontal consequences is correlated to their upregulation. Patients were divided into four groups, according to their periodontal status and previously diagnosed hepatitis C, as follows: (i) CHC group, chronic hepatitis C patients; (ii) P group, periodontal disease patients, systemically healthy; (iii) CHC + P group, patients suffering from both conditions; and (iv) H group, systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Gingival crevicular samples were collected for quantitative analysis of the NLRP3 inflammasome, CASP-1, and IL-18. CHC + P patients expressed the worse periodontal status and the highest NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The P group patients also expressed significantly more elevated NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, as compared to nonperiodontal patients (CHC and H groups). Chronic hepatitis C and periodontal disease could have a significant influence on the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its components, possibly contributing to an increased local inflammatory reaction and clinical periodontal consequences.
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Gheorghe DN, Popescu DM, Salan A, Boldeanu MV, Ionele CM, Pitru A, Turcu-Stiolica A, Camen A, Florescu C, Rogoveanu I, Surlin P. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Could Improve the Periodontal Inflammatory Status in Patients with Periodontitis and Chronic Hepatitis C. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225275. [PMID: 34830557 PMCID: PMC8619210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is the first essential step for the management of any periodontitis patient. This study aims to evaluate the impact of NSPT on pro-inflammatory mediators’ regulation and on clinical parameters in periodontitis patients who suffer from chronic hepatitis C. At baseline, selected patients were clinically evaluated for their periodontal status. A subsequent quantitative assessment of C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3 in samples of gingival fluid was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Afterwards, NSPT was performed. Three months after NSPT, the clinical and ELISA assessments were repeated. The results show an improvement of the clinical parameters in periodontitis patients at the three-month recall. In chronic hepatitis C patients with periodontitis, the gingival fluid levels of pro-inflammatory markers reduced significantly. The targeted markers also expressed significant correlations with the clinical parameters used for the assessment of periodontitis’ severity. The results suggest that, while chronic hepatitis C patients exhibited a more negative periodontal status at baseline as compared to non-hepatitis ones, NSPT is effective in decreasing the local periodontal inflammatory reaction and in proving the periodontal status of this type of patients. Given the limitation of the study, periodontal screening and NSPT should be included in the integrated therapeutical approach of chronic hepatitis C patients, for its impact on the local inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Alex Salan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Claudiu Marinel Ionele
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Allma Pitru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Adrian Camen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Florescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
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Association of Interleukin-1 α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:6614835. [PMID: 33854406 PMCID: PMC8019642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele, p = 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC, p = 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC), p = 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
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Boda D. 2nd Special Issue: Tackling key immunological and immuno-dermatological pathways and their link to treatment options. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2339-2343. [PMID: 32793306 PMCID: PMC7418504 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boda
- Research Laboratory, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 79811 Bucharest, Romania
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