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Sridhar A, Khan D, Babu G, Irwin N, Gault VA, Flatt PR, Moffett CR. Chronic exposure to incretin metabolites GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42) affect islet morphology and beta cell health in high fat fed mice. Peptides 2024; 178:171254. [PMID: 38815655 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to their major circulating metabolites GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42). This study investigates the possible effects of these metabolites, and the equivalent exendin molecule Ex(9-39), on pancreatic islet morphology and constituent alpha and beta cells in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Male Swiss TO-mice (6-8 weeks-old) were maintained on a HFD or normal diet (ND) for 4 months and then received twice-daily subcutaneous injections of GLP-1(9-36), GIP(3-42), Ex(9-39) (25 nmol/kg bw) or saline vehicle (0.9% (w/v) NaCl) over a 60-day period. Metabolic parameters were monitored and excised pancreatic tissues were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Body weight and assessed metabolic indices were not changed by peptide administration. GLP-1(9-36) significantly (p<0.001) increased islet density per mm2 tissue, that was decreased (p<0.05) by HFD. Islet, beta and alpha cell areas were increased (p<0.01) following HFD and subsequently reduced (p<0.01-p<0.001) by GIP(3-42) and Ex(9-39) treatment. While GLP-1(9-36) did not affect islet and beta cell areas in HFD mice, it significantly (p<0.01) decreased alpha cell area. Compared to ND and HFD mice, GIP(3-42) treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased beta cell proliferation. Whilst HFD increased (p<0.001) beta cell apoptosis, this was reduced (p<0.01-p<0.001) by both GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42). These data indicate that the major circulating forms of GLP-1 and GIP, namely GLP-1(9-36) and GIP(3-42) previously considered largely inactive, may directly impact pancreatic morphology, with an important protective effect on beta cell health under conditions of beta cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananyaa Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gayathri Babu
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charlotte R Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Lee J, Li Y, Cheng JT, Liu IM, Cheng KC. Development of Syringaldehyde as an Agonist of the GLP-1 Receptor to Alleviate Diabetic Disorders in Animal Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:538. [PMID: 38675498 PMCID: PMC11054907 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenolic aldehyde syringaldehyde (SA) has been shown to have an antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats due to increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. To understand the direct effect of SA on the GLP-1 receptor, STZ-induced diabetic rats were used. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, and renal function were measured using specific ELISA kits. The mechanisms of SA effects were investigated using CHO-K1 cells, pancreatic Min-6 cells, and cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. The results indicated that the antihyperglycemic effect of SA in diabetic rats was abolished by blocking the GLP-1 receptor with an antagonist. SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor when using CHO-K1 cells transfected with the exogenous GLP-1 receptor gene. In addition, SA stimulated insulin production in Min-6 cells by activating GLP-1 receptors. SA caused a dose-dependent rise in GLP-1 receptor mRNA levels in cardiac H9c2 cells. These in vitro results support the notion that SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor. Otherwise, SA inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor TNF-α, in type 1 diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, as with liraglutide, SA reduced plasma lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and triglyceride, in mixed diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Intriguingly, chronic treatment with SA (as with liraglutide) reversed the functions of both the liver and the kidney in these diabetic rats. SA displayed less efficiency in reducing body weight and food consumption compared to liraglutide. In conclusion, SA effectively activates GLP-1 receptors, resulting in a reduction in diabetic-related complications in rats. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop SA as a chemical agonist for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenpei Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Da Chien General Hospital, Miaoli City 36052, Taiwan;
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
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Petrovic A, Igrec D, Rozac K, Bojanic K, Kuna L, Kolaric TO, Mihaljevic V, Sikora R, Smolic R, Glasnovic M, Wu GY, Smolic M. The Role of GLP1-RAs in Direct Modulation of Lipid Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue as Determined Using In Vitro Models of NAFLD. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4544-4556. [PMID: 37367037 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis, promote weight loss, and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. They are a promising therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, associated with T2DM, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. GLP-1RAs have been approved for the treatment of T2DM and obesity, but not for NAFLD. Most recent clinical trials have suggested the importance of early pharmacologic intervention with GLP-1RAs in alleviating and limiting NAFLD, as well as highlighting the relative scarcity of in vitro studies on semaglutide, indicating the need for further research. However, extra-hepatic factors contribute to the GLP-1RA results of in vivo studies. Cell culture models of NAFLD can be helpful in eliminating extrahepatic effects on the alleviation of hepatic steatosis, modulation of lipid metabolism pathways, reduction of inflammation, and prevention of the progression of NAFLD to severe hepatic conditions. In this review article, we discuss the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1RA in the treatment of NAFLD using human hepatocyte models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Petrovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dunja Igrec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Karla Rozac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Bojanic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Renata Sikora
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - George Y Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrenterology/Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Martina Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Protective role of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling activation in neurological dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104896. [PMID: 36191807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous incretin hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and fatty acid oxidation in the brain. GLP-1 also exhibits similar functions and growth factor-like properties to IGF-1, which is likely how it exerts its neuroprotective effects. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that IGF-1 and GLP-1, apart from regulating growth and development, prevent neuronal death mediated by amyloidogenesis, cerebral glucose deprivation, neuroinflammation and apoptosis through modulation of PI3/Akt kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK). IGF-1 resistance and GLP-1 deficiency impair protective cellular signaling mechanisms, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, IGF-1 and GLP-1 have emerged as an essential component of the neuronal system and as potential therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. There is substantial evidence that IGF-1 and GLP-1 analogues penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exhibit neuroprotective functions, including synaptic formation, neuronal plasticity, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Conclusively, this review represents the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling target activators in ameliorating neurological disorders.
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Sridhar A, Khan D, Abdelaal M, Elliott JA, Naughton V, Flatt PR, Le Roux CW, Docherty NG, Moffett CR. Differential effects of RYGB surgery and best medical treatment for obesity-diabetes on intestinal and islet adaptations in obese-diabetic ZDSD rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274788. [PMID: 36137097 PMCID: PMC9499270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of gut-islet secretions after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (RYBG) surgery contributes to its metabolic and anti-diabetic benefits. However, there is limited knowledge on tissue-specific hormone distribution post-RYGB surgery and how this compares with best medical treatment (BMT). In the present study, pancreatic and ileal tissues were excised from male Zucker-Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rats 8-weeks after RYGB, BMT (daily oral dosing with metformin 300mg/kg, fenofibrate 100mg/kg, ramipril 1mg/kg, rosuvastatin 10mg/kg and subcutaneous liraglutide 0.2mg/kg) or sham operation (laparotomy). Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, PYY, GLP-1 and GIP expression patterns were assessed using immunocytochemistry and analyzed using ImageJ. After RYGB and BMT, body weight and plasma glucose were decreased. Intestinal morphometry was unaltered by RYGB, but crypt depth was decreased by BMT. Intestinal PYY cells were increased by both interventions. GLP-1- and GIP-cell counts were unchanged by RYGB but BMT increased ileal GLP-1-cells and decreased those expressing GIP. The intestinal contents of PYY and GLP-1 were significantly enhanced by RYGB, whereas BMT decreased ileal GLP-1. No changes of islet and beta-cell area or proliferation were observed, but the extent of beta-cell apoptosis and islet integrity calculated using circularity index were improved by both treatments. Significantly decreased islet alpha-cell areas were observed in both groups, while beta- and PYY-cell areas were unchanged. RYGB also induced a decrease in islet delta-cell area. PYY and GLP-1 colocalization with glucagon in islets was significantly decreased in both groups, while co-staining of PYY with glucagon was decreased and that with somatostatin increased. These data characterize significant cellular islet and intestinal adaptations following RYGB and BMT associated with amelioration of obesity-diabetes in ZDSD rats. The differential responses observed and particularly those within islets, may provide important clues to the unique ability of RYGB to cause diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananyaa Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaal
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessie A. Elliott
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Violetta Naughton
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Carel W. Le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charlotte R. Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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da Silva EM, Yariwake VY, Alves RW, de Araujo DR, Andrade-Oliveira V. Crosstalk between incretin hormones, Th17 and Treg cells in inflammatory diseases. Peptides 2022; 155:170834. [PMID: 35753504 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells constantly crosstalk with the gut microbiota and immune cells of the gut lamina propria. Enteroendocrine cells, secrete hormones, such as incretin hormones, which participate in host physiological events, such as stimulating insulin secretion, satiety, and glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, evidence suggests that the incretin pathway may influence immune cell activation. Consequently, drugs targeting the incretin hormone signaling pathway may ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss how these hormones may modulate two subsets of CD4 + T cells, the regulatory T cells (Treg)/Th17 axis important for gut homeostasis: thus, preventing the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the main experimental and clinical findings using drugs targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) signaling pathways and their great impact on conditions in which the Treg/Th17 axis is disturbed such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. Understanding the role of incretin stimulation in immune cell activation and function, might contribute to new therapeutic designs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Renan Willian Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
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Lingli X, Wenfang X. Characteristics and molecular mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors improve metabolic diseases: A mechanism review. Life Sci 2022; 300:120543. [PMID: 35421452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, gout and hyperlipidemia are global health challenges. Among them, diabetes has been extensively investigated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by hyperglycemia, is a complex metabolic disease that is associated with various metabolic disorders. The newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has been associated with glucose-lowering effects and it affects metabolism in various ways. However, the potential mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in metabolic diseases have not fully reviewed. Many of the effects beyond glycemic control must be considered off-target effects. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, osteoporosis and fractures. Moreover, we elucidated their molecular mechanisms to provide a theoretical basis for metabolic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Lingli
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wenfang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.
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Holter MM, Saikia M, Cummings BP. Alpha-cell paracrine signaling in the regulation of beta-cell insulin secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934775. [PMID: 35957816 PMCID: PMC9360487 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As an incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Therapies targeting the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) use the classical incretin model as a physiological framework in which GLP-1 secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells acts on the beta-cell GLP-1R. However, this model has come into question, as evidence demonstrating local, intra-islet GLP-1 production has advanced the competing hypothesis that the incretin activity of GLP-1 may reflect paracrine signaling of GLP-1 from alpha-cells on GLP-1Rs on beta-cells. Additionally, recent studies suggest that alpha-cell-derived glucagon can serve as an additional, albeit less potent, ligand for the beta-cell GLP-1R, thereby expanding the role of alpha-cells beyond that of a counterregulatory cell type. Efforts to understand the role of the alpha-cell in the regulation of islet function have revealed both transcriptional and functional heterogeneity within the alpha-cell population. Further analysis of this heterogeneity suggests that functionally distinct alpha-cell subpopulations display alterations in islet hormone profile. Thus, the role of the alpha-cell in glucose homeostasis has evolved in recent years, such that alpha-cell to beta-cell communication now presents a critical axis regulating the functional capacity of beta-cells. Herein, we describe and integrate recent advances in our understanding of the impact of alpha-cell paracrine signaling on insulin secretory dynamics and how this intra-islet crosstalk more broadly contributes to whole-body glucose regulation in health and under metabolic stress. Moreover, we explore how these conceptual changes in our understanding of intra-islet GLP-1 biology may impact our understanding of the mechanisms of incretin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena M. Holter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Marlena M. Holter,
| | - Mridusmita Saikia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bethany P. Cummings
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Impact of Incretin-Based Medications on Lipid Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1815178. [PMID: 35005028 PMCID: PMC8731296 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1815178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological pathways that are induced by chronic hyperglycemia negatively impact lipid metabolism. Thus, diabetes is commonly accompanied by varying degrees of dyslipidemia which is itself a major risk factor for further macro- and microvascular diabetes complications such as atherosclerosis and nephropathy. Therefore, normalizing lipid metabolism is an attractive goal for therapy in patients with diabetes. Incretin-based medications are a novel group of antidiabetic agents with potent hypoglycemic effects. While the impact of incretins on glucose metabolism is clear, recent evidence indicates their positive modulatory roles on various aspects of lipid metabolism. Therefore, incretins may offer additional beneficial effects beyond that of glucose normalization. In the current review, how these antidiabetic medications can regulate lipid homeostasis and the possible cellular pathways involved are discussed, incorporating related clinical evidence about incretin effects on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Berberine Reshapes the Balance of the Local Renin-Angiotensin System by Modulating Autophagy under Metabolic Stress in Pancreatic Islets. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9928986. [PMID: 34394712 PMCID: PMC8356011 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9928986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Results Prolonged exposure to palmitate increased the expression of ACE and AngII type 1 receptor (ATR1) and decreased the ACE2 expression, which was partly offset by berberine. In ob/ob mice, berberine increased in tolerance to glucose, improved abnormal β-cell and α-cell distributions, upregulated ACE2 expression, and decreased autophagosomes and the expression of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Autophagosomes and expression of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 were increased in ACE2KO mice. Conclusions We demonstrated that berberine may improve the pancreatic islet function by regulating local RAS-mediated autophagy under metabolic stress.
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Radbakhsh S, Atkin SL, Simental-Mendia LE, Sahebkar A. The role of incretins and incretin-based drugs in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107845. [PMID: 34126341 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are gastrointestinal peptides secreted from enteroendocrine cells. These hormones play significant roles in many physiological processes via binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) on different organs and tissues; one of them is the immunomodulatory effect on the immune system and its molecular components such as cytokines and chemokines. Anti-inflammatory effects of incretins and dependent molecules involving long-acting analogs and DPP4 inhibitors through regulation of T and B cell activation may attenuate autoimmune diseases caused by immune system disorders in mistakenly recognizing self as the foreign agent. In this review, we investigate incretin effects on the immune system response and the potential benefits of incretin-based therapy for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
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Tao T, Zhang Y, Zhu YC, Fu JR, Wang YY, Cai J, Ma JY, Xu Y, Gao YN, Sun Y, Fan W, Liu W. Exenatide, Metformin, or Both for Prediabetes in PCOS: A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Controlled Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1420-e1432. [PMID: 32995892 PMCID: PMC8244122 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Up to 40% of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have prediabetes; an optimal pharmacotherapy regimen for diabetes prevention in PCOS is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical efficacy of exenatide (EX), metformin (MET), or combination (COM) for prediabetes in PCOS. DESIGN Randomized, open-label, parallel-group controlled trial. SETTING Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. PATIENTS PCOS with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or 2 hour post glucose 7.8-11.0 mmol/L on oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). A total of 150 out of 183 eligible enrollees completed the study. INTERVENTION EX (10-20μg daily), MET (1500-2000 mg daily), or COM (EX plus MET) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sustained remission rate of prediabetes (primary endpoint, a normal OGTT after 12 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of washout on no drug treatment) along with anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, and pancreatic β-cell function parameters (secondary endpoints) and potential mechanisms were assessed. RESULTS Impaired glucose tolerance was found the dominant prediabetes phenotype. Overall sustained prediabetes remission rate was 50.7%. Remission rate of COM group (64%, 32/50) or EX group (56%, 28/50) was significantly higher than that of the MET group (32%, 16/50) (P = .003 and .027, respectively). EX was associated with superior suppression of 2-hour glucose increment in OGTT. A 2-step hyperglycemic clamp study revealed that EX had led to higher postprandial insulin secretion than MET, potentially explaining the higher remission rate. CONCLUSIONS Compared with MET monotherapy, EX or COM achieved higher rate of remission of prediabetes among PCOS patients by improving postprandial insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Tao Tao, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200127, China. E-mail:
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ning Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - WuQiang Fan
- Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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He W, Rebello OD, Henne A, Nikolka F, Klein T, Maedler K. GLP-2 Is Locally Produced From Human Islets and Balances Inflammation Through an Inter-Islet-Immune Cell Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:697120. [PMID: 34290670 PMCID: PMC8287580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) shows robust protective effects on β-cell survival and function and GLP-1 based therapies are successfully applied for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Another cleavage product of pro-glucagon, Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2; both GLP-1 and GLP-2 are inactivated by DPP-4) has received little attention in its action inside pancreatic islets. In this study, we investigated GLP-2 production, GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) expression and the effect of GLP-2R activation in human islets. Isolated human islets from non-diabetic donors were exposed to diabetogenic conditions: high glucose, palmitate, cytokine mix (IL-1β/IFN-γ) or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the DPP4-inhibitor linagliptin, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the GLP-2R agonist teduglutide and/or its antagonist GLP-2(3-33). Human islets under control conditions secreted active GLP-2 (full-length, non-cleaved by DPP4) into the culture media, which was increased by combined high glucose/palmitate, the cytokine mix and LPS and highly potentiated by linagliptin. Low but reproducible GLP-2R mRNA expression was found in all analyzed human islet isolations from 10 donors, which was reduced by pro-inflammatory stimuli: the cytokine mix and LPS. GLP-2R activation by teduglutide neither affected acute or glucose stimulated insulin secretion nor insulin content. Also, teduglutide had no effect on high glucose/palmitate- or LPS-induced dysfunction in cultured human islets but dampened LPS-induced macrophage-dependent IL1B and IL10 expression, while its antagonist GLP-2(3-33) abolished such reduction. In contrast, the expression of islet macrophage-independent cytokines IL6, IL8 and TNF was not affected by teduglutide. Medium conditioned by teduglutide-exposed human islets attenuated M1-like polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages, evidenced by a lower mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to vehicle treated islets, and a reduced production of itaconate and succinate, marker metabolites of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Our results reveal intra-islet production of GLP-2 and GLP-2R expression in human islets. Despite no impact on β-cell function, local GLP-2R activation reduced islet inflammation which might be mediated by a crosstalk between endocrine cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
| | - Osmond D. Rebello
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonia Henne
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Nikolka
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Sailike J, Sun X, Abuduwaili N, Tuoliuhan H, Yusufu M, Nabi XH. Fourteen composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes through modulating gut microbiota and modifying M1/M2 phenotype macrophage in db/db mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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da Rosa-Santos CA, da Costa Rodrigues P, Silva LR, Arantes VC, de Barros Reis MA, Colodel EM, Damazo AS, de Moura EG, Carneiro EM, Latorraca MQ. Early protein restriction increases intra-islet GLP-1 production and pancreatic β-cell proliferation mediated by the β-catenin pathway. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3565-3579. [PMID: 32076803 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated whether intra-islet GLP-1 production and its modulation have a role in apoptosis, proliferation or neogenesis that is compromised by protein restriction during the foetal and suckling periods. METHODS Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (treated groups), or saline (non-treated groups) was intraperitoneally administered for 15 days from 75 to 90 days of age in female adult rats consisting of offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a control diet (control groups) and who had the same diet until 90 days of age or offspring born to and suckled by mothers fed a low-protein diet and who were fed the control diet after weaning until 90 days of age (protein-restricted group). RESULTS The β-cell mass was lower in the protein-restricted groups than in the control groups. Exendin-4 increased β-cell mass, regardless of the mother's protein intake. The colocalization of GLP-1/glucagon was higher in the protein-restricted rats than in control rats in both the exendin-4-treated and non-treated groups. The frequency of cleaved caspase-3-labelled cells was higher in the non-treated protein-restricted group than in the non-treated control group and was similar in the treated protein-restricted and treated control groups. Regardless of treatment with exendin-4, Ki67-labelled cell frequency and β-catenin/DAPI colocalization were elevated in the protein-restricted groups. Exendin-4 increased the area of endocrine cell clusters and β-catenin/DAPI and FoxO1/DAPI colocalization regardless of the mother's protein intake. CONCLUSIONS Protein restriction in early life increased intra-islet GLP-1 production and β-cell proliferation, possibly mediated by the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Aline da Rosa-Santos
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Priscila da Costa Rodrigues
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luana Resende Silva
- Mestrado em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marise Auxiliadora de Barros Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Departamento de Anatomia, Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory potentials of incretin-based therapies used in the management of diabetes. Life Sci 2019; 241:117152. [PMID: 31837333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are two classes of antidiabetic agents used in the management of diabetes based on incretin hormones. There is emerging evidence that they have anti-inflammatory effects. Since most long-term complications of diabetes have a background of chronic inflammation, these agents may be beneficial against diabetic complications not only due to their hypoglycemic potential but also via their anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs and DPP-4i exert their anti-inflammatory effects are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss the potential molecular pathways by which these incretin-based therapies exert their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mina Maleki
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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19
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Tomas A, Jones B, Leech C. New Insights into Beta-Cell GLP-1 Receptor and cAMP Signaling. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1347-1366. [PMID: 31446075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the translational potential of the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in pancreatic beta cells has led to the development of established GLP-1R-based therapies for the long-term preservation of beta cell function. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the current research on the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in beta cells, including the regulation of signaling by endocytic trafficking as well as the application of concepts such as signal bias, allosteric modulation, dual agonism, polymorphic receptor variants, spatial compartmentalization of cAMP signaling and new downstream signaling targets involved in the control of beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Leech
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Zhu HL, Liu ZP, Yang WY, Dong DW, Zhao Y, Yang B, Huang LA, Zhang YS, Xu AD. Liraglutide Ameliorates β-Amyloid Deposits and Secondary Damage in the Ipsilateral Thalamus and Sensory Deficits After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:962. [PMID: 30618584 PMCID: PMC6304750 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cerebral infarction causes β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and secondary neuronal degeneration in the ipsilateral thalamus. Thalamus is the subcortical center of sensory, the damage of thalamus could cause sensory deficits. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP)-1 receptor agonist, on Aβ deposits and secondary damage in the ipsilateral thalamus after focal cerebral infarction. In addition, this study was conducted to investigate whether liraglutide could improve sensory function after focal cerebral infarction. Forty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then randomly divided into liraglutide and vehicle groups, and 14 sham-operated rats as control. At 1 h after MCAO, rats in the liraglutide and vehicle groups were subcutaneously injected with liraglutide (100 μg/kg/d) and isopyknic vehicle, respectively, once a day for 7 days. Sensory function and secondary thalamic damage were assessed using adhesive-removal test and Nissl staining and immunostaining, respectively, at 7 days after MCAO. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nick end labeling and Western blot were used to detect neuronal apoptosis. The results showed that liraglutide improved sensory deficit compared to the controls. Liraglutide treatment significantly reduced Aβ deposition compared with the vehicle treatment. Liraglutide treatment decreased the neuronal loss, astroglial and microglial activation, and apoptosis compared with the vehicle treatment. Liraglutide significantly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated that of Bax in the ipsilateral thalamus compared with the vehicle group. These results suggest that liraglutide ameliorates the deposition of Aβ and secondary damage in the ipsilateral thalamus, potentially contributing to improve sensory deficit after focal cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Pei Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wan-Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Dong
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-An Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Ding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen X, Huang T, Shi Y, Wang L, Li W, Shen F, Gu X. A GLP‑1 receptor agonist attenuates human islet amyloid polypeptide‑induced autophagy and apoptosis in MIN6 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1365-1371. [PMID: 30569165 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the dysfunction and loss of pancreatic islet β‑cells, in part due to islet amyloid deposits derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). The glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonist exendin‑4 enhances the insulin secretory response by increasing β‑cell mass in T2DM. However, it is unknown whether exendin‑4 protects β‑cells from IAPP‑mediated autophagy and apoptosis. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and western blotting were used to detected the mRNA and protein expression of insulin/hIAPP and other signaling molecules, while the mechanisms underlying these effects were also determined. Exendin‑4 increased the level of insulin secretion, which was greater than that of IAPP, leading to a beneficial IAPP/insulin secretion pattern. In MIN6 cells incubated with 25 mM glucose, exendin‑4 decreased the ratio of light chain 3 (LC3)‑II/I, which was accompanied by an increase in p62 protein. In a hIAPP‑overexpressing MIN6 cell model, exendin‑4 prevented the hIAPP‑induced increase in the LC3II/I ratio and decrease in p62 expression. In addition, exendin‑4 pretreatment reduced hIAPP‑induced activation of cleaved caspase‑3, suggesting that exendin‑4 may protect MIN6 cells against apoptosis. Taken together, the results highlight hIAPP as a critical mediator of β‑cell loss and suggest that the GLP‑1 receptor agonist exendin‑4 may be a potential therapeutic agent for hIAPP‑induced β‑cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Luyin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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22
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Toots M, Seppa K, Jagomäe T, Koppel T, Pallase M, Heinla I, Terasmaa A, Plaas M, Vasar E. Preventive treatment with liraglutide protects against development of glucose intolerance in a rat model of Wolfram syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10183. [PMID: 29976929 PMCID: PMC6033861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the WFS1 (Wolframin1) gene. The syndrome first manifests as diabetes mellitus, followed by optic nerve atrophy, deafness, and neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanism is believed to be a dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, which ultimately leads to cellular death. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists has been shown to normalize ER stress response in several in vitro and in vivo models. Early chronic intervention with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide starting before the onset of metabolic symptoms prevented the development of glucose intolerance, improved insulin and glucagon secretion control, reduced ER stress and inflammation in Langerhans islets in Wfs1 mutant rats. Thus, treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists might be a promising strategy as a preventive treatment for human WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarja Toots
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Kadri Seppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Tuuliki Koppel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Maia Pallase
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Indrek Heinla
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Anton Terasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia.
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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Xuan X, Gao F, Ma X, Huang C, Wang Y, Deng H, Wang S, Li W, Yuan L. Activation of ACE2/angiotensin (1-7) attenuates pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation in a high-fat-diet mouse model. Metabolism 2018; 81:83-96. [PMID: 29225087 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified in pancreatic islets and can preserve β cells. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible role of ACE2 and its end product, angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7), in reducing β cell dedifferentiation during metabolic stress. METHODS First, a lineage-tracing experiment was performed to track β cells in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Second, the ACE2/A1-7 axis was evaluated in the HFD mouse model. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests (IPITTs) were conducted. Phenotypic changes in β cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Pancreatic sections were immunostained for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Finally, the effects of the ACE2/A1-7 axis were explored in isolated mouse islets exposed to different concentrations of glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin release and levels of insulin mRNA and OCT4 mRNA were measured. RESULTS Pancreatic β cell dedifferentiation occurred both in vitro and in vivo in response to metabolic stress and was accompanied by ACE2 reduction. HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance were exacerbated in ACE2-knockout (ACE2KO) mice but were alleviated by exogenous A1-7 in C57BL/6J mice. Approximately 20% of β cells were dedifferentiated in ACE2KO mice fed a standard rodent chow diet (SD). A higher percentage of dedifferentiated β cells was detected in ACE2KO mice than in wild-type (WT) mice under HFD conditions. In contrast, the administration of A1-7 alleviated HFD-induced β cell dedifferentiation in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, the exogenous injection of A1-7 improved microcirculation in islets and decreased the production of iNOS in islets of C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD. Additionally, ACE2 was found to be mainly expressed in α cells of mice, while Mas, the receptor of A1-7, was distributed in β cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate that the ACE2/A1-7/Mas axis may be one of the intra-islet paracrine mechanisms of communication between α and β cells. Enhancing the ACE2/A1-7 axis exerts a protective effect by ameliorating β cell dedifferentiation, and this effect might be partially mediated through improvements in islet microcirculation and suppression of islet iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenghu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein–Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:39-67. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Graus-Nunes F, Marinho TDS, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Differential effects of angiotensin receptor blockers on pancreatic islet remodelling and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:54-64. [PMID: 27780713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to adverse endocrine pancreas remodelling, reduced islet lifespan and early type 2 diabetes onset. AT1R blockade shows beneficial pleiotropic effects. This study sought to compare the effects of losartan and telmisartan on pancreatic islets remodelling and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. High-fat diet yielded overweight, insulin resistance, islet apoptosis and hypertrophy. Suitable insulin levels and preserved endocrine pancreas structure were correlated to adequate AKT-FOXO1 pathway functioning in losartan-treated animals. Conversely, telmisartan yielded enhanced PDX1 and GLP-1 islet expression along with greater GLP-1 levels, with the consequent better islet glucose sensing and uptake. Greater islet vascularisation coupled with reduced apoptosis and macrophage infiltration seems to underlie the beneficial findings in both treatments. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that two antihypertensive drugs (telmisartan and losartan) ameliorate pancreatic islet structure, glucose handling, and vascularisation in obese mice. Although only telmisartan countered overweight, both drugs yielded reduced apoptosis and islet preservation, with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany de Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fava GE, Dong EW, Wu H. Intra-islet glucagon-like peptide 1. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1651-1658. [PMID: 27267264 PMCID: PMC5050074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is originally identified in the gut as an incretin hormone, and it is potent in stimulating insulin secretion in the pancreas. However, increasing evidence suggests that GLP-1 is also produced locally within pancreatic islets. This review focuses on the past and current discoveries regarding intra-islet GLP-1 production and its functions. MAIN FINDINGS There has been a long-standing debate with regard to whether GLP-1 is produced in the pancreatic α cells. Early controversies lead to the widely accepted conclusion that the vast majority of proglucagon is processed to form glucagon in the pancreas, whereas an insignificant amount is cleaved to produce GLP-1. With technological advancements, recent studies have shown that bioactive GLP-1 is produced locally in the pancreas, and the expression and secretion of GLP-1 within islets are regulated by various factors such as cytokines, hyperglycemia, and β cell injury. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 is produced by the pancreatic α cells, and it is fully functional as an incretin. Therefore, intra-islet GLP-1 may exert insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects locally via paracrine and/or autocrine actions, under both normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Fava
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Emily W Dong
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hongju Wu
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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Vanderheiden A, Harrison LB, Warshauer JT, Adams-Huet B, Li X, Yuan Q, Hulsey K, Dimitrov I, Yokoo T, Jaster AW, Pinho DF, Pedrosa I, Lenkinski RE, Pop LM, Lingvay I. Mechanisms of Action of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With High-Dose Insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1798-806. [PMID: 26909799 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms of action of incretin mimetics in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high insulin requirements have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in β-cell function, glucagon secretion, and fat distribution after addition of liraglutide to high-dose insulin. DESIGN A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING University of Texas Southwestern and Parkland Memorial Hospital clinics. PATIENTS Seventy-one patients with long-standing (median, 17 years) T2D requiring high-dose insulin treatment (>1.5 U/kg/d; average, 2.2 ± 0.9 U/kg/d). INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to liraglutide 1.8 mg/d or matching placebo for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured changes in insulin and glucagon secretion using a 4-hour mixed-meal challenge test. Magnetic resonance-based techniques were used to estimate sc and visceral fat in the abdomen and ectopic fat in the liver and pancreas. RESULTS Glycosylated hemoglobin improved significantly with liraglutide treatment, with an end-of-trial estimated treatment difference between groups of −0.9% (95% confidence interval, −1.5, −0.4%) (P = .002). Insulin secretion improved in the liraglutide group vs placebo, as measured by the area under the curve of C-peptide (P = .002) and the area under the curves ratio of C-peptide to glucose (P = .003). Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and glucagon secretion did not change significantly between groups. Liver fat and sc fat decreased in the liraglutide group vs placebo (P = .0006 and P = .01, respectively), whereas neither visceral nor pancreatic fat changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with liraglutide significantly improved insulin secretion, even in patients with long-standing T2D requiring high-dose insulin treatment. Liraglutide also decreased liver and sc fat, but it did not alter glucagon secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vanderheiden
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Lindsay B Harrison
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jeremy T Warshauer
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Keith Hulsey
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Adam W Jaster
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Daniella F Pinho
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Robert E Lenkinski
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Laurentiu M Pop
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., L.B.H., J.T.W., B.A.-H., L.M.P., I.L.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (L.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78749; Departments of Clinical Sciences (B.A.-H., X.L., I.L.) and Radiology (Q.Y., K.H., T.Y., A.W.J., D.F.P., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Philips Medical Systems (I.D.), Cleveland, Ohio 44143; and Advanced Imaging Research Center (T.Y., I.P., R.E.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3094642. [PMID: 27110066 PMCID: PMC4823510 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3094642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone mainly secreted from intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion. GLP-1 has beneficial effects for glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells, delaying gastric emptying, decreasing plasma glucagon, reducing food intake, and stimulating glucose disposal. Therefore, GLP-1-based therapies such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which is a GLP-1 inactivating enzyme, have been developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, emerging data suggests that GLP-1-based therapies also show anti-inflammatory effects in chronic inflammatory diseases including type 1 and 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic nephropathy, asthma, and psoriasis. This review outlines the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1-based therapies on diseases associated with chronic inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and their molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action.
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