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Pei Q, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Qin T, Zhao J. Recombinant hirudin and PAR-1 regulate macrophage polarisation status in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 39135175 PMCID: PMC11318299 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a malignant tumour. Although some standard therapies have been established to improve the cure rate, they remain ineffective for specific individuals. Therefore, it is meaningful to find more novel therapeutic approaches. Macrophage polarisation is extensively involved in the process of tumour development. Recombinant hirudin (rH) affects macrophages and has been researched frequently in clinical trials lately. Our article validated the regulatory role of rH in macrophage polarisation and the mechanism of PAR-1 by collecting clinical samples and subsequently establishing a cellular model to provide a scientifically supported perspective for discovering new therapeutic approaches. METHOD We assessed the expression of macrophage polarisation markers, cytokines and PAR-1 in clinical samples. We established a cell model by co-culture with THP-1 and OCI-Ly10 cell. We determined the degree of cell polarisation and expression of validation cytokines by flow cytometry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR to confirm the success of the cell model. Subsequently, different doses of rH were added to discover the function of rH on cell polarisation. We confirmed the mechanism of PAR-1 in macrophage polarisation by transfecting si-PAR-1 and pcDNA3.1-PAR-1. RESULTS We found higher expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD163 + CMAF+) and PAR-1 in 32 DLBCL samples. After inducing monocyte differentiation into M0 macrophages and co-culturing with OCI-Ly10 lymphoma cells, we found a trend of these expressions in the cell model consistent with the clinical samples. Subsequently, we discovered that rH promotes the polarisation of M1 macrophages but inhibits the polarisation of M2 macrophages. We also found that PAR-1 regulates macrophage polarisation, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenic capacity. CONCLUSION rH inhibits macrophage polarisation towards the M2 type and PAR-1 regulates polarisation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of DLBCL-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pei
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Haixi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 of Jinbi Street, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan, China
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Shao P, Dong D, Huang Y, Wang Y, Pan L, Zhu Q, Wu Z, Jiang F, Wei W. Aptamer-Based Functionalized SERS Biosensor for Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of Gastric Cancer-Related Biomarkers. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7523-7532. [PMID: 38106450 PMCID: PMC10723598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) as is the second deadliest malignancy still lacks rapid, simple and economical detection and early clinical screening techniques. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a spectroscopic technique based on the surface plasmon resonance of precious metal nanoparticles, which can effectively detect low-abundance tumor markers. Combining SERS technology with sensors has high potential in the diagnosis and screening of GC. Methods A novel Au/Si nano-umbrella array (Au/SiNUA) was prepared as a SERS substrate and the substrate was functionalized using the corresponding tumor marker aptamers for the detection of clinical biological samples using a one-step recognition release mechanism. Optimization of aptamer and complementary chain concentrations and detection time for optimal sensor preparation. Results Au/SiNUA were tested to have good SERS enhancement activity. The proposed aptamer biosensor has good specificity and stability, with a low detection time of 18 min and a limit of detection (LOD) at the fM level, which is superior to most of the methods reported so far; and the accuracy of the clinical assay is comparable to that of the ELISA method. The expression levels of PDGF-B and thrombin in the serum of GC patients and healthy individuals can be effectively detected and differentiated. Conclusion The ultrasensitive and specific aptamer biosensor is highly feasible for the diagnosis and screening of GC and has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Dong
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Pan
- Pathology Department, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunshan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225200, People’s Republic of China
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Yasir M, Chun W, Kloczkowski A. Computational prognostic evaluation of Alzheimer's drugs from FDA-approved database through structural conformational dynamics and drug repositioning approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18022. [PMID: 37865690 PMCID: PMC10590448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug designing is high-priced and time taking process with low success rate. To overcome this obligation, computational drug repositioning technique is being promptly used to predict the possible therapeutic effects of FDA approved drugs against multiple diseases. In this computational study, protein modeling, shape-based screening, molecular docking, pharmacogenomics, and molecular dynamic simulation approaches have been utilized to retrieve the FDA approved drugs against AD. The predicted MADD protein structure was designed by homology modeling and characterized through different computational resources. Donepezil and galantamine were implanted as standard drugs and drugs were screened out based on structural similarities. Furthermore, these drugs were evaluated and based on binding energy (Kcal/mol) profiles against MADD through PyRx tool. Moreover, pharmacogenomics analysis showed good possible associations with AD mediated genes and confirmed through detail literature survey. The best 6 drug (darifenacin, astemizole, tubocurarine, elacridar, sertindole and tariquidar) further docked and analyzed their interaction behavior through hydrogen binding. Finally, MD simulation study were carried out on these drugs and evaluated their stability behavior by generating root mean square deviation and fluctuations (RMSD/F), radius of gyration (Rg) and soluble accessible surface area (SASA) graphs. Taken together, darifenacin, astemizole, tubocurarine, elacridar, sertindole and tariquidar displayed good lead like profile as compared with standard and can be used as possible therapeutic agent in the treatment of AD after in-vitro and in-vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
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Hung HC, Fan MH, Wang D, Miao CH, Su P, Liu CL. Effect of chimeric antigen receptor T cells against protease-activated receptor 1 for treating pancreatic cancer. BMC Med 2023; 21:338. [PMID: 37667257 PMCID: PMC10478223 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 6% following a diagnosis, and novel therapeutic modalities are needed. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is abundantly overexpressed by both tumor cells and multiple stroma cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby offering a suitable immunotherapy target. METHODS A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) strategy was applied to target PAR1 using a human anti-PAR1 scFv antibody fused to the transmembrane region with two co-stimulatory intracellular signaling domains of cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) and CD137 (4-1BB), added to CD3ζ in tandem. RESULTS The engineered PAR1CAR-T cells eliminated PAR1 overexpression and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-mediated PAR1-upregulated cancer cells by approximately 80% in vitro. The adoptive transfer of PAR1CAR-T cells was persistently enhanced and induced the specific regression of established MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells by > 80% in xenograft models. Accordingly, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines increased in CAR-T-cell-treated mouse sera, whereas Ki67 expression in tumors decreased. Furthermore, the targeted elimination of PAR1-expressing tumors reduced matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) levels, suggesting that the blocking of the PAR1/MMP1 pathway constitutes a new therapeutic option for PDAC treatment. CONCLUSIONS Third-generation PAR1CAR-T cells have antitumor activity in the TME, providing innovative CAR-T-cell immunotherapy against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chien Hung
- Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Fan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Carol H Miao
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Pong Su
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lien Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Schneider SW, Gorzelanny C. Crosstalk between Circulating Tumor Cells and Plasma Proteins-Impact on Coagulation and Anticoagulation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113025. [PMID: 37296987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex process. After their intravasation into the circulation, the cancer cells are exposed to a harsh environment of physical and biochemical hazards. Whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survive and escape from blood flow defines their ability to metastasize. CTCs sense their environment with surface-exposed receptors. The recognition of corresponding ligands, e.g., fibrinogen, by integrins can induce intracellular signaling processes driving CTCs' survival. Other receptors, such as tissue factor (TF), enable CTCs to induce coagulation. Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is adversely connected to patients' outcome. However, cancer cells have also the ability to inhibit coagulation, e.g., through expressing thrombomodulin (TM) or heparan sulfate (HS), an activator of antithrombin (AT). To that extent, individual CTCs can interact with plasma proteins, and whether these interactions are connected to metastasis or clinical symptoms such as CAT is largely unknown. In the present review, we discuss the biological and clinical relevance of cancer-cell-expressed surface molecules and their interaction with plasma proteins. We aim to encourage future research to expand our knowledge of the CTC interactome, as this may not only yield new molecular markers improving liquid-biopsy-based diagnostics but also additional targets for better cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Wang C, Novakovic VA, Shi J. Microparticle Phosphatidylserine Mediates Coagulation: Involvement in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071957. [PMID: 37046617 PMCID: PMC10093313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and cancer metastasis has been linked to the release of microparticles (MPs), which are shed upon cell activation or apoptosis and display parental cell antigens, phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS), and nucleic acids on their external surfaces. In this review, we highlight the biogenesis of MPs as well as the pathophysiological processes of PS externalization and its involvement in coagulation activation. We review the available evidence, suggesting that coagulation factors (mainly tissue factor, thrombin, and fibrin) assist in multiple steps of tumor dissemination, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune escape, and tumor angiogenesis to support the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Platelets are not just bystander cells in circulation but are functional players in primary tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-induced platelet aggregation protects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood flow shear forces and immune cell attack while also promoting the binding of CTCs to endothelial cells and extravasation, which activates tumor invasion and sustains metastasis. Finally, in terms of therapy, lactadherin can inhibit coagulation by competing effectively with coagulation factors for PS binding sites and may similarly delay tumor progression. Furthermore, we also investigate the therapeutic potential of coagulation factor inhibitors within the context of cancer treatment. The development of multiple therapies targeting platelet activation and platelet-tumor cell interactions may not only reduce the lethal consequences of thrombosis but also impede tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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Hiramoto K, Akita N, Nishioka J, Suzuki K. Edoxaban, a Factor Xa-Specific Direct Oral Anticoagulant, Significantly Suppresses Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer Colon26-Inoculated BALB/c Mice. TH OPEN : COMPANION JOURNAL TO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS 2023; 7:e1-e13. [PMID: 36751299 PMCID: PMC9825203 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Certain low-molecular-weight heparins have been reported to reduce tumor growth and metastasis in tumor cell-inoculated mouse models and cancer patients. Recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been widely used in patients with thromboembolism. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of DOACs, which target thrombin or factor Xa, on tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model comprising BALB/c mice inoculated with colon cancer Colon26 cells. Materials and Methods DOACs targeting thrombin (dabigatran etexilate [DABE]) or factor Xa (rivaroxaban [RVX] and edoxaban [EDX]) were orally administered daily to male BALB/c mice inoculated with Colon26 cells, followed by analyses of tumor growth and plasma levels of coagulation- and tumor-related factors such as tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Results Colon26 cells expressed significant amounts of functionally active TF. Tumor growth in Colon26-inoculated mice was significantly suppressed in DABE- or RVX-treated mice ( p <0.05) and was suppressed more significantly in EDX-treated mice ( p <0.01). Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of action of EDX was investigated next. Plasma levels of TF, PAI-1, IL-6, and MMP-2 were elevated in Colon26-inoculated mice but were significantly reduced in EDX-treated mice ( p <0.01). The expression of protease-activated receptor (PAR)1, PAR2, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), cyclin D1, and Ki67 was increased in tumor tissue of Colon26-inoculated mice but (except for PAR1) was significantly decreased in tumor tissues of EDX-treated mice ( p <0.01). In addition, apoptotic cells and p53 protein levels were significantly increased in tumor tissues of EDX-treated mice. Conclusion The data suggest that among the tested DOACs, EDX significantly suppresses tumor cell proliferation via the factor Xa-PAR2 pathway, which is activated by coagulation and inflammation in Colon26-inoculated mice and induces tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-city, Mie, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Akita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-city, Mie, Japan
| | - Junji Nishioka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-city, Mie, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-city, Mie, Japan,Address for correspondence Koji Suzuki, PhD Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science.Minamitamagaki-cho 3500-3, Suzuka-city, Mie 513-8670Japan
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Ukan Ü, Delgado Lagos F, Kempf S, Günther S, Siragusa M, Fisslthaler B, Fleming I. Effect of Thrombin on the Metabolism and Function of Murine Macrophages. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101718. [PMID: 35626753 PMCID: PMC9139186 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are plastic and heterogeneous immune cells that adapt pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to different stimuli. Even though there has been evidence supporting a crosstalk between coagulation and innate immunity, the way in which protein components of the hemostasis pathway influence macrophages remains unclear. We investigated the effect of thrombin on macrophage polarization. On the basis of gene expression and cytokine secretion, our results suggest that polarization with thrombin induces an anti-inflammatory, M2-like phenotype. In functional studies, thrombin polarization promoted oxLDL phagocytosis by macrophages, and conditioned medium from the same cells increased endothelial cell proliferation. There were, however, clear differences between the classical M2a polarization and the effects of thrombin on gene expression. Finally, the deletion and inactivation of secreted modular Ca2+-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) attenuated phagocytosis by thrombin-stimulated macrophages, a phenomenon revered by the addition of recombinant SMOC1. Manipulation of SMOC1 levels also had a pronounced impact on the expression of TGF-β-signaling-related genes. Taken together, our results show that thrombin induces an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype with similarities as well as differences to the classical alternatively activated M2 polarization states, highlighting the importance of tissue levels of SMOC1 in modifying thrombin-induced macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ürün Ukan
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Fredy Delgado Lagos
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Sebastian Kempf
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Ü.U.); (F.D.L.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (B.F.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CardioPulmonary Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Hua Q, Sun Z, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhao W, Zhu X, Xu P. KLK8 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer via the activation of EMT associated with PAR1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:860. [PMID: 34552064 PMCID: PMC8458432 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) acts as an oncogene or anti-oncogene in various tumours, and the abnormal expression of KLK8 is involved in the carcinogenesis of several tumours. However, the role of KLK8 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanism remain largely unclear. In this study, the carcinogenic effect of KLK8 was determined via CCK-8 and colony formation assays in vitro and a xenograft model in nude mice in vivo. The metastasis-promoting effect of KLK8 was investigated with transwell migration and invasion assays and wound-healing assay in vitro and a metastasis model in nude mice in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses and mechanistic experiments were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Herein, we reported that KLK8 had a promotive effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of RKO and SW480 cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) played an important role in the promotive effects of KLK8 on CRC. In addition, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist SCH79797 but not protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) antagonist FSLLRY-NH2 attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of KLK8-upregulated RKO and SW480 cells. PAR-1 antagonist SCH79797 reduced the tumour volume of xenograft model and decreased the metastatic nodules in the livers of metastasis model. Furthermore, SCH79797 could reverse the positive impact of KLK8 on the EMT process in CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrated for the first time that KLK8 promoted EMT and CRC progression, and this effect might be, at least partly mediated by PAR1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pingbo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Weed S, Armistead B, Coleman M, Liggit HD, Johnson B, Tsai J, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Kretzer NM, Parker E, Vanderhoeven JP, Bierle CJ, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. MicroRNA Signature of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Group B Streptococcal Infection of the Placental Chorioamniotic Membranes. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1713-1722. [PMID: 32453818 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection-induced preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity and leads to preterm premature rupture of placental chorioamniotic membranes. The loss of amniotic epithelial cells and tensile strength preceding membrane rupture is poorly understood. We hypothesized that intrauterine bacterial infection induces changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression, leading to amniotic epithelial cell loss and membrane weakening. METHODS Ten pregnant pigtail macaques received choriodecidual inoculation of either group B Streptococcus (GBS) or saline (n = 5/group). Placental chorioamniotic membranes were studied using RNA microarray and immunohistochemistry. Chorioamniotic membranes from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) and normal term pregnancies were studied using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In our model, an experimental GBS infection was associated with changes in the miRNA profile in the chorioamniotic membranes consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with loss of epithelial (E-cadherin) and gain of mesenchymal (vimentin) markers. Similarly, loss of desmosomes (intercellular junctions) was seen in placental tissues from women with pPROM. CONCLUSIONS We describe EMT as a novel mechanism for infection-associated chorioamniotic membrane weakening, which may be a common pathway for many etiologies of pPROM. Therapy based on anti-miRNA targeting of EMT may prevent pPROM due to perinatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Weed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Blair Armistead
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - H Denny Liggit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theodor K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole M Kretzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Ed Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeroen P Vanderhoeven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Craig J Bierle
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Ren Q, Zhu P, Zhang H, Ye T, Liu D, Gong Z, Xia X. Identification and validation of stromal-tumor microenvironment-based subtypes tightly associated with PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32226313 PMCID: PMC7092673 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been approved for gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, a large proportion of patients with T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment do not respond to the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The stromal component of the tumor microenvironment has been associated with immunotherapy. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of the non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and their potential as biomarkers for immunotherapy. Methods A total of 383 patients with GC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, 300 patients with GC from the GSE62254 cohort in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were included in the study. A stromal score was generated using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and the likelihood of response to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of GC patients was predicted using the TIDE algorithm. The prognostic value of the stromal score from GC cases was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also conducted. Results The stromal score showed significant differences in different molecular subtypes and T stages. Multivariate analyses further confirmed that the stromal score was an independent indicator of overall survival (OS) in the two cohorts. The low stromal score group showed higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and micro-satellite instability (MSI), and was more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor according to the TIDE algorithm. Activation of the transforming growth factor and epithelial–mesenchymal transition were observed in the high stromal score subtype, which is associated with T-cell suppression, and may be responsible for resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. BPIFB2 was confirmed as a hub gene relevant to immunotherapy. Conclusion The stromal score was associated with cancer progression and molecular subtypes, and may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ren
- 1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, 430011 China
| | - Tianhe Ye
- 1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Dehan Liu
- 1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhao Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xiangwen Xia
- 1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022 China
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12
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Abstract
Proteases drive the life cycle of all proteins, ensuring the transportation and activation of newly minted, would-be proteins into their functional form while recycling spent or unneeded proteins. Far from their image as engines of protein digestion, proteases play fundamental roles in basic physiology and regulation at multiple levels of systems biology. Proteases are intimately associated with disease and modulation of proteolytic activity is the presumed target for successful therapeutics. "Proteases: Pivot Points in Functional Proteomics" examines the crucial roles of proteolysis across a wide range of physiological processes and diseases. The existing and potential impacts of proteolysis-related activity on drug and biomarker development are presented in detail. All told the decisive roles of proteases in four major categories comprising 23 separate subcategories are addressed. Within this construct, 15 sets of subject-specific, tabulated data are presented that include identification of proteases, protease inhibitors, substrates, and their actions. Said data are derived from and confirmed by over 300 references. Cross comparison of datasets indicates that proteases, their inhibitors/promoters and substrates intersect over a range of physiological processes and diseases, both chronic and pathogenic. Indeed, "Proteases: Pivot Points …" closes by dramatizing this very point through association of (pro)Thrombin and Fibrin(ogen) with: hemostasis, innate immunity, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and bacterial self-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Verhamme
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah E Leonard
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana School of Chemical Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ray C Perkins
- New Liberty Proteomics Corporation, New Liberty, KY, USA.
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13
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Gresele P, Momi S, Malvestiti M, Sebastiano M. Platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments as anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:331-355. [PMID: 28707198 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets act as multifunctional cells participating in immune response, inflammation, allergy, tissue regeneration, and lymphoangiogenesis. Among the best-established aspects of a role of platelets in non-hemostatic or thrombotic disorders, there is their participation in cancer invasion and metastasis. The interaction of many different cancer cells with platelets leads to platelet activation, and on the other hand platelet activation is strongly instrumental to the pro-carcinogenic and pro-metastatic activities of platelets. It is thus obvious that over the last years a lot of interest has focused on the possible chemopreventive effect of platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments. This article gives an overview of the platelet-targeted pharmacologic approaches that have been attempted in the prevention of cancer development, progression, and metastasis, including the application of anti-platelet drugs currently used for cardiovascular disease and of new and novel pharmacologic strategies. Despite the fact that very promising results have been obtained with some of these approaches in pre-clinical models, with the exclusion of aspirin, clinical evidence of a beneficial effect of anti-platelet agents in cancer is however still largely missing. Future studies with platelet-targeted drugs in cancer must carefully deal with design issues, and in particular with the careful selection of patients, and/or explore novel platelet targets in order to provide a solution to the critical issue of the risk/benefit profile of long-term anti-platelet therapy in the prevention of cancer progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Momi
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Malvestiti
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Smoktunowicz N, Platé M, Stern AO, D'Antongiovanni V, Robinson E, Chudasama V, Caddick S, Scotton CJ, Jarai G, Chambers RC. TGFβ upregulates PAR-1 expression and signalling responses in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65471-65484. [PMID: 27566553 PMCID: PMC5323169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major high-affinity thrombin receptor, proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is expressed at low levels by the normal epithelium but is upregulated in many types of cancer, including lung cancer. The thrombin-PAR-1 signalling axis contributes to the activation of latent TGFβ in response to tissue injury via an αvβ6 integrin-mediated mechanism. TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts as a tumour suppressor in normal and dysplastic cells but switches into a tumour promoter in advanced tumours. In this study we demonstrate that TGFβ is a positive regulator of PAR-1 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, which in turn increases the sensitivity of these cells to thrombin signalling. We further demonstrate that this effect is Smad3-, ERK1/2- and Sp1-dependent. We also show that TGFβ-mediated PAR-1 upregulation is accompanied by increased expression of integrin αv and β6 subunits. Finally, TGFβ pre-stimulation promotes increased migratory potential of A549 to thrombin. These data have important implications for our understanding of the interplay between coagulation and TGFβ signalling responses in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smoktunowicz
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Ortiz Stern
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eifion Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris J Scotton
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Pang L, Li JF, Su L, Zang M, Fan Z, Yu B, Wu X, Li C, Yan M, Zhu ZG, Liu B. ALEX1, a novel tumor suppressor gene, inhibits gastric cancer metastasis via the PAR-1/Rho GTPase signaling pathway. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:71-83. [PMID: 28315004 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALEX is a novel member of the armadillo family and ALEX1 was reported to be reduced or even lost in multiple solid tumors. However, its expression profile and oncogenic role in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. METHODS ALEX1 expression was detected in 161 GC samples by immunohistochemistry staining. NCI-N87 cells transfected by ALEX1 lentivirus vectors and MKN28 cells transfected by ALEX1 shRNA were used for biological function investigation. Western blot was applied to explore the molecular mechanism and pull-down assays were applied to measure the activity of Rho GTPases. In vivo tumorigenicity, peritoneal and lung metastasis experiments were performed by tumor cell engraftment into nude mice. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylation-specific PCR were applied to check the methylation status of the ALEX1 gene. RESULTS The expression rate of ALEX1 was significantly reduced in gastric tumor samples compared to non-tumor samples (43.5 vs. 90.2%), and its expression was closely related to the tumor differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph nodes metastasis. ALEX1 overexpression in NCI-N87 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and disrupted the structure of the cytoskeleton. ALEX1 overexpression attenuated xenografts growth, peritoneal, and lung metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, the overexpression of ALEX1 inhibits thrombin-induced metastasis and Rho GTPases activation. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylation-specific PCR revealed that the promoter of ALEX1 is highly methylated in GC cells and tissues. CONCLUSIONS ALEX1 expression is reduced in GC and is involved in diverse cellular functions. ALEX1 inhibits metastasis through the PAR-1/Rho GTPase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingde Zang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu X, Yu J, Song S, Yue X, Li Q. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1): a promising molecular target for cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107334-107345. [PMID: 29291033 PMCID: PMC5739818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PAR-1 is expressed not only in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, but also in cancer-associated fibroblasts, ECs (epithelial cells), myocytes of blood vessels, mast cells, and macrophages in tumor microenvironment, whereas PAR-1 stimulates macrophages to synthesize and secrete thrombin as well as other growth factors, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of inhibitors targeting PAR-1. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of PAR-1’s role in cancer invasiveness and dissemination, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting PAR-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shangjin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Repetto O, De Re V. Coagulation and fibrinolysis in gastric cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1404:27-48. [PMID: 28833193 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation is a highly conserved process occurring after an injury to a blood vessel and resulting in hemostasis. In the thrombus microenvironment, finely orchestrated events restore vessel integrity through platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation (primary hemostasis), followed by the coagulation cascades, thrombin generation, and fibrin clot deposition (secondary hemostasis). Several studies on cancer have provided insight into dramatic changes to coagulation-related events (i.e., fibrin clot deposition, fibrinolysis) during tumor pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis, in addition to a tumor-driven systemic activation of hemostasis and thrombosis (Trousseau's syndrome). Diverse molecular and cellular effectors participate in the cross talk between hemostasis and tumors. Here, we focus on some aspects of the interconnection between cancer biology and hemostatic components, with particular attention to some key coagulation-related proteins (e.g., tissue factor, thrombin, fibrinogen, and D-dimers) in the particular case of gastric cancer (GC). Recent advances in deciphering the complex molecular link between GC and the coagulation system are described, showing their important roles in better management of patients affected by GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Repetto
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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18
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Ma YN, Zhang HY, Fei LR, Zhang MY, Wang CC, Luo Y, Han YC. SATB2 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer invasiveness by G9a. Clin Exp Med 2017; 18:37-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-017-0464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Ebrahimi S, Rahmani F, Behnam-Rassouli R, Hoseinkhani F, Parizadeh MR, Keramati MR, Khazaie M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2323-2329. [PMID: 28004386 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-induced activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) represents a link between inflammation and cancer. Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin are associated with several inflammatory diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and of special interest in this review cancer. Thrombin-induced inflammatory responses up-regulates expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, and matrix-degrading proteases that facilitate tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanisms of thrombin-mediated proinflammatory responses in cancer pathology for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hoseinkhani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaie
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Wojtukiewicz MZ, Hempel D, Sierko E, Tucker SC, Honn KV. Thrombin-unique coagulation system protein with multifaceted impacts on cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:213-33. [PMID: 27189210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between blood coagulation and cancer development is well recognized. Thrombin, the pleiotropic enzyme best known for its contribution to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation during vascular hemostasis, may also trigger cellular events through protease-activated receptors, PAR-1 and PAR-4, leading to cancer progression. Our pioneering findings provided evidence that thrombin contributes to cancer metastasis by increasing adhesive potential of malignant cells. However, there is evidence that thrombin regulates every step of cancer dissemination: (1) cancer cell invasion, detachment from primary tumor, migration; (2) entering the blood vessel; (3) surviving in vasculature; (4) extravasation; (5) implantation in host organs. Recent studies have provided new molecular data about thrombin generation in cancer patients and the mechanisms by which thrombin contributes to transendothelial migration, platelet/tumor cell interactions, angiogenesis, and other processes. Though a great deal is known regarding the role of thrombin in cancer dissemination, there are new data for multiple thrombin-mediated events that justify devoting focus to this topic with a comprehensive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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21
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Abstract
Although many studies have demonstrated that components of the hemostatic system may be involved in signaling leading to cancer progression, the potential mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer dissemination are not yet precisely understood. Among known coagulant factors, tissue factor (TF) and thrombin play a pivotal role in cancer invasion. They may be generated in the tumor microenvironment independently of blood coagulation and can induce cell signaling through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). PARs are transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by a unique proteolytic mechanism. They play important roles in vascular physiology, neural tube closure, hemostasis, and inflammation. All of these agents (TF, thrombin, PARs—mainly PAR-1 and PAR-2) are thought to promote cancer invasion and metastasis at least in part by facilitating tumor cell migration, angiogenesis, and interactions with host vascular cells, including platelets, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Here, we discuss the role of PARs and their activators in cancer progression, focusing on TF- and thrombin-mediated actions. Therapeutic options tailored specifically to inhibit PAR-induced signaling in cancer patients are presented as well.
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22
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Fujimoto D, Ueda Y, Hirono Y, Goi T, Yamaguchi A. PAR1 participates in the ability of multidrug resistance and tumorigenesis by controlling Hippo-YAP pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34788-99. [PMID: 26431277 PMCID: PMC4741490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway significantly correlates with organ size control and tumorigenesis. The activity of YAP/TAZ, a transducer of the Hippo pathway, is required to sustain self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacities in cancer stem cells (CSCs). But, upstream signals that control the mammalian Hippo pathway have not been well understood. Here, we reveal a connection between the Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) signaling pathway and the Hippo-YAP pathway in gastric cancer stem-like cells. The selective PAR1 agonist TFLLR-NH2 induces an increase in the fraction of side population cells which is enriched in CSCs, and promotes tumorigenesis, multi cancer drug resistance, cell morphological change, and cell invasion which are characteristics of CSCs. In addition, PAR1 activation inhibits the Hippo-YAP pathway kinase Lats via Rho GTPase. Lats kinase inhibition in turn results in increased nuclear localization of dephosphorylated YAP. Furthermore, PAR1 activation confers CSCs related traits via the Hippo-YAP pathway, and the Hippo-YAP pathway correlates with epithelial mesenchymal transition which is induced by PAR1 activation. Our research suggests that the PAR1 signaling deeply participates in the ability of multi drug resistance and tumorigenesis through interactions with the Hippo-YAP pathway signaling in gastric cancer stem-like cells. We presume that inhibited YAP is a new therapeutic target in the treatment human gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by dysregulated PAR1 or its agonists. The Hippo pathway significantly correlates with organ size control and tumorigenesis. The activity of YAP/TAZ, a transducer of the Hippo pathway, is required to sustain self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacities in cancer stem cells (CSCs). But, upstream signals that control the mammalian Hippo pathway have not been well understood. Here, we reveal a connection between the Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) signaling pathway and the Hippo-YAP pathway in gastric cancer stem-like cells. The selective PAR1 agonist TFLLR-NH2 induces an increase in the fraction of side population cells which is enriched in CSCs, and promotes tumorigenesis, multi cancer drug resistance, cell morphological change, and cell invasion which are characteristics of CSCs. In addition, PAR1 activation inhibits the Hippo-YAP pathway kinase Lats via Rho GTPase. Lats kinase inhibition in turn results in increased nuclear localization of Dephosphorylated YAP. Furthermore, PAR1 activation confers CSCs related traits via the Hippo-YAP pathway, and the Hippo-YAP pathway correlates with epithelial mesenchymal transition which is induced by PAR1 activation. Our research suggests that the PAR1 signaling deeply participates in the ability of multi drug resistance and tumorigenesis through interactions with the Hippo-YAP pathway signaling in gastric cancer stem-like cells. We presume that inhibited YAP is a new therapeutic target in the treatment human gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by dysregulated PAR1 or its agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujimoto
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Goi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akio Yamaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Biased signalling: the instinctive skill of the cell in the selection of appropriate signalling pathways. Biochem J 2015; 470:155-67. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are members of a family of proteins which are generally regarded as the largest group of therapeutic drug targets. Ligands of GPCRs do not usually activate all cellular signalling pathways linked to a particular seven-transmembrane receptor in a uniform manner. The fundamental idea behind this concept is that each ligand has its own ability, while interacting with the receptor, to activate different signalling pathways (or a particular set of signalling pathways) and it is this concept which is known as biased signalling. The importance of biased signalling is that it may selectively activate biological responses to favour therapeutically beneficial signalling pathways and to avoid adverse effects. There are two levels of biased signalling. First, bias can arise from the ability of GPCRs to couple to a subset of the available G-protein subtypes: Gαs, Gαq/11, Gαi/o or Gα12/13. These subtypes produce the diverse effects of GPCRs by targeting different effectors. Secondly, biased GPCRs may differentially activate G-proteins or β-arrestins. β-Arrestins are ubiquitously expressed and function to terminate or inhibit classic G-protein signalling and initiate distinct β-arrestin-mediated signalling processes. The interplay of G-protein and β-arrestin signalling largely determines the cellular consequences of the administration of GPCR-targeted drugs. In the present review, we highlight the particular functionalities of biased signalling and discuss its biological effects subsequent to GPCR activation. We consider that biased signalling is potentially allowing a choice between signalling through ‘beneficial’ pathways and the avoidance of ‘harmful’ ones.
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