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Zhang J, Li R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao Y. ITGA2 as a prognostic factor of glioma promotes GSCs invasion and EMT by activating STAT3 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:235-246. [PMID: 38142122 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with a high mortality and recurrence rate. Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) is involved in cell adhesion, stem cell regulation, angiogenesis and immune cell function. The role of ITGA2 in glioma malignant invasion remains unknown. The function and clinical relevance of ITGA2 were analysed by bioinformatics databases. The expression of ITGA2 in parent cells and GSCs was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence double staining. The role of ITGA2 on the malignant phenotype of GSCs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was identified by stem cell function assays and Western blot. The effect of ITGA2 on glioma progression in vivo was determined by the intracranial orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry, Spearman correlation and Kaplan-Meier were used to analyse the relationship of ITGA2 with clinical features and glioma prognosis. Biological analysis showed that ITGA2 might be related to cell invasion and migration. ITGA2, enriched in GSCs and co-expressed with SOX2, promoted the invasion and migration of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT. ITGA2 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice. In addition, the expression level of ITGA2 was significantly correlated to the grade of malignancy, N-cadherin and Ki67. High expression of ITGA2 indicated a worse prognosis of glioma patients. As a biomarker for the prediction of prognosis, ITGA2 promotes the malignant invasion of GSCs by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and enhancing EMT, leading to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stoke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Giannini A, D'Oria O, Corrado G, Bruno V, Sperduti I, Bogani G, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Caserta D, Vizza E. The role of L1CAM as predictor of poor prognosis in stage I endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:789-799. [PMID: 37454351 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular and genomic profiling in endometrial cancer is increasing popularity. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the prognostic role of L1CAM in patients with stage I endometrial cancer. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Web of Science database to identify studies reporting the expression of L1CAM in endometrial cancer. The primary endpoint measure was to assess and evaluate the impact of L1CAM on survival outcomes. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. RESULTS Five studies were included. The pooled results suggested that L1CAM expression influences survival outcomes in stage I endometrial cancer. High L1CAM expression correlated with worse disease-free survival (HR 4.11, 95% CI 1.02-16.59, p = 0.047) and overall survival (HR 3.62, 95% CI 1.32-9.31, p = 0.012). High L1CAM level was also associated with a more aggressive FIGO grade and with older age. CONCLUSION This systematic review supported that L1CAM have a prognostic role in stage I endometrial cancer, thus providing a potential useful tool for tailoring the need of adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Ginecologia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCSS-Regina Elena National Cancer Unit Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCSS-Regina Elena National Cancer Unit Institute, Rome, Italy
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Valdes PA, Yu CC(J, Aronson J, Ghosh D, Zhao Y, An B, Bernstock JD, Bhere D, Felicella MM, Viapiano MS, Shah K, Chiocca EA, Boyden ES. Improved immunostaining of nanostructures and cells in human brain specimens through expansion-mediated protein decrowding. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabo0049. [PMID: 38295184 PMCID: PMC10911838 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are densely packed in cells and tissues, where they form complex nanostructures. Expansion microscopy (ExM) variants have been used to separate proteins from each other in preserved biospecimens, improving antibody access to epitopes. Here, we present an ExM variant, decrowding expansion pathology (dExPath), that can expand proteins away from each other in human brain pathology specimens, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. Immunostaining of dExPath-expanded specimens reveals, with nanoscale precision, previously unobserved cellular structures, as well as more continuous patterns of staining. This enhanced molecular staining results in observation of previously invisible disease marker-positive cell populations in human glioma specimens, with potential implications for tumor aggressiveness. dExPath results in improved fluorescence signals even as it eliminates lipofuscin-associated autofluorescence. Thus, this form of expansion-mediated protein decrowding may, through improved epitope access for antibodies, render immunohistochemistry more powerful in clinical science and, perhaps, diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Chih-Chieh (Jay) Yu
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, MA, USA, 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198
| | - Jenna Aronson
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198
| | - Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
| | - Bobae An
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, 29209
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Michelle M. Felicella
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA, 77555
| | - Mariano S. Viapiano
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13210
| | - Khalid Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, MA, USA, 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering and K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
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Pavlova S, Fab L, Savchenko E, Ryabova A, Ryzhova M, Revishchin A, Pronin I, Usachev D, Kopylov A, Pavlova G. The Bi-(AID-1-T) G-Quadruplex Has a Janus Effect on Primary and Recurrent Gliomas: Anti-Proliferation and Pro-Migration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:74. [PMID: 38256907 PMCID: PMC10819273 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are considered an incurable disease. Despite all the various therapy options available, patient survival remains low, and the tumor usually returns. Tumor resistance to conventional therapy and stimulation of the migratory activity of surviving cells are the main factors that lead to recurrent tumors. When developing new treatment approaches, the effect is most often evaluated on standard and phenotypically depleted cancer cell lines. Moreover, there is much focus on the anti-proliferative effect of such therapies without considering the possible stimulation of migratory activity. In this paper, we studied how glioma cell migration changes after exposure to bi-(AID-1-T), an anti-proliferative aptamer. We investigated the effect of this aptamer on eight human glioma cell cultures (Grades III and IV) that were derived from patients' tumor tissue; the difference between primary and recurrent tumors was taken into account. Despite its strong anti-proliferative activity, bi-(AID-1-T) was shown to induce migration of recurrent tumor cells. This result shows the importance of studying the effect of therapeutic molecules on the invasive properties of glioma tumor cells in order to reduce the likelihood of inducing tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lika Fab
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Savchenko
- Federal State Autonomous Institution N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Federal State Autonomous Institution N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Revishchin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Pronin
- Federal State Autonomous Institution N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Usachev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kopylov
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physical Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Institution N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Lam MS, Aw JJ, Tan D, Vijayakumar R, Lim HYG, Yada S, Pang QY, Barker N, Tang C, Ang BT, Sobota RM, Pavesi A. Unveiling the Influence of Tumor Microenvironment and Spatial Heterogeneity on Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Using an Advanced Human In Vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302280. [PMID: 37649234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain cancer in adults with a dismal prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-in-line chemotherapeutic; however, resistance is frequent and multifactorial. While many molecular and genetic factors have been linked to TMZ resistance, the role of the solid tumor morphology and the tumor microenvironment, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is unknown. Here, the authors investigate these using a complex in vitro model for GBM and its surrounding BBB. The model recapitulates important clinical features such as a dense tumor core with tumor cells that invade along the perivascular space; and a perfusable BBB with a physiological permeability and morphology that is altered in the presence of a tumor spheroid. It is demonstrated that TMZ sensitivity decreases with increasing cancer cell spatial organization, and that the BBB can contribute to TMZ resistance. Proteomic analysis with next-generation low volume sample workflows of these cultured microtissues revealed potential clinically relevant proteins involved in tumor aggressiveness and TMZ resistance, demonstrating the utility of complex in vitro models for interrogating the tumor microenvironment and therapy validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Sy Lam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Joey Jy Aw
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Damien Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ragavi Vijayakumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Grace Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Swathi Yada
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Qing You Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Carol Tang
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Beng Ti Ang
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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Rabah N, Ait Mohand FE, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Understanding Glioblastoma Signaling, Heterogeneity, Invasiveness, and Drug Delivery Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14256. [PMID: 37762559 PMCID: PMC10532387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and aggressive type of brain cancer, namely, glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and strong spreading capacity, which makes treatment ineffective. A true therapeutic answer is still in its infancy despite various studies that have made significant progress toward understanding the mechanisms behind GBM recurrence and its resistance. The primary causes of GBM recurrence are attributed to the heterogeneity and diffusive nature; therefore, monitoring the tumor's heterogeneity and spreading may offer a set of therapeutic targets that could improve the clinical management of GBM and prevent tumor relapse. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related poor drug delivery that prevents effective drug concentrations within the tumor is discussed. With a primary emphasis on signaling heterogeneity, tumor infiltration, and computational modeling of GBM, this review covers typical therapeutic difficulties and factors contributing to drug resistance development and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.R.); (F.-E.A.M.)
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7
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Chen M, Kim B, Robertson N, Mondal SK, Medarova Z, Moore A. Co-administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and the experimental therapeutic targeting miR-10b, profoundly affects the tumorigenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1179343. [PMID: 37398551 PMCID: PMC10311069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1179343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have shown that miRNA-10b is highly expressed in high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and its inhibition leads to deregulation of multiple pathways in tumorigenesis, resulting in repression of tumor growth and increased apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that suppressing miR-10b could enhance the cytotoxicity of conventional GBM chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Methods: Inhibition of miR-10b in glioblastoma cells was achieved using an experimental therapeutic consisting of anti-miR10b antagomirs conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (termed MN-anti-miR10b). The nanoparticles serve as delivery vehicles for the antagomirs as well as imaging reporters guiding the delivery in future animal studies. Results: Treatment of U251 and LN229 human glioblastoma cells with MN-anti-miR10b led to inhibition of miR-10b accompanied by repression of growth and increase in apoptosis. We next explored whether MN-anti-miR10b could enhance the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. During these studies, we unexpectedly found that TMZ monotherapy increased miR-10b expression and changed the expression of corresponding miR-10b targets. This discovery led to the design of a sequence-dependent combination treatment, in which miR-10b inhibition and induction of apoptosis by MN-anti-miR10b was followed by a sub-therapeutic dose of TMZ, which caused cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death. This combination was highly successful in significant enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in cell migration and invasiveness. Discussion: Considering the unexpected effects of TMZ on miR-10b expression and possible implications on its clinical application, we reasoned that comprehensive in vitro studies were warranted before embarking on studies in animals. These intriguing findings serve as a solid foundation for future in vivo studies and offer promise for the successful treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan Kim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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8
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Hellmold D, Kubelt C, Daunke T, Beckinger S, Janssen O, Hauck M, Schütt F, Adelung R, Lucius R, Haag J, Sebens S, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J. Sequential Treatment with Temozolomide Plus Naturally Derived AT101 as an Alternative Therapeutic Strategy: Insights into Chemoresistance Mechanisms of Surviving Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109075. [PMID: 37240419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a poorly treatable disease due to the fast development of tumor recurrences and high resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. To overcome the highly adaptive behavior of GBMs, especially multimodal therapeutic approaches also including natural adjuvants have been investigated. However, despite increased efficiency, some GBM cells are still able to survive these advanced treatment regimens. Given this, the present study evaluates representative chemoresistance mechanisms of surviving human GBM primary cells in a complex in vitro co-culture model upon sequential application of temozolomide (TMZ) combined with AT101, the R(-) enantiomer of the naturally occurring cottonseed-derived gossypol. Treatment with TMZ+AT101/AT101, although highly efficient, yielded a predominance of phosphatidylserine-positive GBM cells over time. Analysis of the intracellular effects revealed phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and GSK3ß, resulting in the induction of various pro-tumorigenic genes in surviving GBM cells. A Torin2-mediated mTOR inhibition combined with TMZ+AT101/AT101 partly counteracted the observed TMZ+AT101/AT101-associated effects. Interestingly, treatment with TMZ+AT101/AT101 concomitantly changed the amount and composition of extracellular vesicles released from surviving GBM cells. Taken together, our analyses revealed that even when chemotherapeutic agents with different effector mechanisms are combined, a variety of chemoresistance mechanisms of surviving GBM cells must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolin Kubelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tina Daunke
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silje Beckinger
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Margarethe Hauck
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Haag
- Department of Pathology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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9
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Bjørknes B, Neye OE, Hamerlik P, Jauffred L. Immunostaining protocol for infiltrating brain cancer spheroids for light-sheet imaging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281161. [PMID: 36757917 PMCID: PMC9910650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma tumors form in brains' white matter and are fast-growing and aggressive. Poor prognosis is the result of therapeutic resistance and infiltrating growth into the surrounding brain. Here we present a protocol for the detection of the cytoskeleton intermediate filament, vimentin, in cells at the proliferating spheroid surface. By combining a classical invasion assay with immunofluorescence and light-sheet imaging, we find that it is exactly these cytoskeleton-reinforcing cells on the spheroid's surface that will start the infiltration. We anticipate our results to be the starting point of more sophisticated investigation of anti-cancer drug effects on cytoskeleton reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Emil Neye
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Liselotte Jauffred
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Subcellular progression of mesenchymal transition identified by two discrete synchronous cell lines derived from the same glioblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:181. [PMID: 35278143 PMCID: PMC8918182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity of various oncogenic evolutional processes. We have successfully isolated and established two distinct cancer cell lines with different morphological and biological characteristics that were derived from the same tissue sample of a GBM. When we compared their genomic and transcriptomic characteristics, each cell line harbored distinct mutation clusters while sharing core driver mutations. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that one cell line was undergoing a mesenchymal transition process, unlike the other cell line. Furthermore, we could identify four tumor samples containing our cell line-like clusters from the publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data, and in a set of paired longitudinal GBM samples, we could confirm three pairs where the recurrent sample was enriched in the genes specific to our cell line undergoing mesenchymal transition. The present study provides direct evidence and a valuable source for investigating the ongoing process of subcellular mesenchymal transition in GBM, which has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Nguyen P, Doan P, Murugesan A, Ramesh T, Rimpilainen T, Candeias NR, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. GPR17 signaling activation by CHBC agonist induced cell death via modulation of MAPK pathway in glioblastoma. Life Sci 2022; 291:120307. [PMID: 35016881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. GBM is characterized by a heterogeneous population of cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Recently, we have synthesized CHBC, a novel indole derivative targeted to GBM biomarker G-protein-coupled receptor 17 and inhibitor of GBM cells. In this study, CHBC was further investigated to characterize the efficiency of this agonist at the molecular level and its underlying mechanism in GBM cell death induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CHBC and TMZ was determined using time dependent inhibitor assay in glioblastoma cells, LN229 and SNB19. Drug induced cell cycle arrest was measured using PI staining followed by image analysis. The induction of apoptosis and mechanism of action of CHBC was studied using apoptosis, caspase 3/7 and mitochondrial membrane permeability assays. Modulation of the key genes involved in MAPK signaling pathway was also measured using immunoblotting array. KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory kinetic study has revealed that CHBC inhibited SNB19 and LN229 cell growth in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, CHBC with the IC50 of 85 μM, mediated cell death through an apoptosis mechanism in both studied cell lines. The study also has revealed that CHBC targets GPR17 leading to the induction of apoptosis via the activation of Caspase 3/7 and dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, CHBC treatment led to marked G2/M cell cycle arrest. The protein array has confirmed the anticancer effect of CHBC by the disruption of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK). SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results demonstrated that CHBC induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by disrupting MAPK signaling in human glioblastoma cells. This study concludes that CHBC represent a class of compounds for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Nguyen
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Phuong Doan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai 625002, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatu Rimpilainen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland; Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103-8904, USA
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
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Noronha C, Ribeiro AS, Taipa R, Castro DS, Reis J, Faria C, Paredes J. Cadherin Expression and EMT: A Focus on Gliomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101328. [PMID: 34680444 PMCID: PMC8533397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are calcium-binding proteins with a pivotal role in cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. The cadherin-dependent mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration are exploited by cancer cells, contributing to tumor invasiveness and dissemination. In particular, cadherin switch is a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a complex development process vastly described in the progression of most epithelial cancers. This is characterized by drastic changes in cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, which lead from an E-cadherin positive differentiated epithelial state into a dedifferentiated mesenchymal-like state, prone to metastization and defined by N-cadherin expression. Although vastly explored in epithelial cancers, how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of other non-epithelial tumor types is poorly understood. Herein, the current knowledge on cadherin expression in normal development in parallel to tumor pathogenesis is reviewed, focusing on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emphasis is taken in the unascertained cadherin expression in CNS tumors, particularly in gliomas, where the potential contribution of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like process to glioma genesis and how this may be associated with changes in cadherin expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noronha
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo S. Castro
- Stem Cells & Neurogenesis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joaquim Reis
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Anatomy Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Faria
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
- IMM—Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Li ZH, Guan YL, Zhang GB. Genomic Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Reveals a Key Transcription Factor Signature Relevant to Prognosis and the Immune Processes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657531. [PMID: 33987093 PMCID: PMC8112242 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops through the accumulation of both genetic and expression alterations. Although many gene signatures have been developed as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, their robustness and functional aspects are less well characterized. The expression of most genes is regulated by transcription factors (TFs); therefore, we aimed to investigate a TF signature relevant to GBM prognosis. Methods We used bioinformatic methods and data from public databases to establish four clusters of key TF genes, among which cluster 1, comprising 24 TFs, showed significant prognostic value. Further in silico functional analyses were applied to investigate the utility of the TF signature. Results Different mutation and copy number variation patterns were observed between different risk score groups (based on the TF signature). In silico analyses suggested that the cases with relative high risk scores were involved in immune and inflammatory processes or pathways. Conclusion The TF signature has significant prognostic value in different cohorts or subgroups of patients with GBM and could lead to the development immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Lei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Temozolomide Induces the Acquisition of Invasive Phenotype by O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) + Glioblastoma Cells in a Snail-1/Cx43-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084150. [PMID: 33923767 PMCID: PMC8073161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrences after temozolomide (TMZ) treatment result from the expansion of drug-resistant and potentially invasive GBM cells. This process is facilitated by O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), which counteracts alkylating TMZ activity. We traced the expansion of invasive cell lineages under persistent chemotherapeutic stress in MGMTlow (U87) and MGMThigh (T98G) GBM populations to look into the mechanisms of TMZ-induced microevolution of GBM invasiveness. TMZ treatment induced short-term, pro-invasive phenotypic shifts of U87 cells, in the absence of Snail-1 activation. They were illustrated by a transient induction of their motility and followed by the hypertrophy and the signs of senescence in scarce U87 sub-populations that survived long-term TMZ stress. In turn, MGMThigh T98G cells reacted to the long-term TMZ treatment with the permanent induction of invasiveness. Ectopic Snail-1 down-regulation attenuated this effect, whereas its up-regulation augmented T98G invasiveness. MGMTlow and MGMThigh cells both reacted to the long-term TMZ stress with the induction of Cx43 expression. However, only in MGMThigh T98G populations, Cx43 was directly involved in the induction of invasiveness, as manifested by the induction of T98G invasiveness after ectopic Cx43 up-regulation and by the opposite effect after Cx43 down-regulation. Collectively, Snail-1/Cx43-dependent signaling participates in the long-term TMZ-induced microevolution of the invasive GBM front. High MGMT activity remains a prerequisite for this process, even though MGMT-related GBM chemoresistance is not necessary for its initiation.
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15
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The Fibronectin Expression Determines the Distinct Progressions of Malignant Gliomas via Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073782. [PMID: 33917452 PMCID: PMC8038731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence of malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a simple and reliable GBM diagnosis is needed to screen early the death-threaten patients. This study aimed to identify a protein that can be used to discriminate GBM from low-grade astrocytoma and elucidate further that it has a functional role during malignant glioma progressions. To identify proteins that display low or no expression in low-grade astrocytoma but elevated levels in GBM, glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) was particularly examined according to the mining of the Human Protein Atlas. Web-based open megadata minings revealed that FN was mainly mutated in the cBio Cancer Genomic Portal but dominantly overexpressed in the ONCOMINE (a cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform) in distinct tumor types. Furthermore, numerous different cancer patients with high FN indeed exhibited a poor prognosis in the PrognoScan mining, indicating that FN involves in tumor malignancy. To investigate further the significance of FN expression in glioma progression, tumor specimens from five malignant gliomas with recurrences that received at least two surgeries were enrolled and examined. The immunohistochemical staining showed that FN expression indeed determined the distinct progressions of malignant gliomas. Furthermore, the expression of vimentin (VIM), a mesenchymal protein that is strongly expressed in malignant cancers, was similar to the FN pattern. Moreover, the level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was almost recapitulated with the FN expression. Together, this study identifies a protein FN that can be used to diagnose GBM from low-grade astrocytoma; moreover, its expression functionally determines the malignant glioma progressions via TGF-β-induced EMT pathway.
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16
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Guo M, Gong H, Nie D, Li Z. High L1CAM expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25330. [PMID: 33787629 PMCID: PMC8021316 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Previous studies have reported that the levels of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) indicate poor prognosis of patients with various solid tumors. However, the prognostic significance of L1CAM in endometrial cancer has remained controversial. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of L1CAM in endometrial cancer. METHODS All studies related to the association between L1CAM expression and clinical characteristics of endometrial cancer were identified by searching the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Primary outcomes of the meta-analysis were the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were odds ratios (ORs) for clinicopathological characteristics. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted to ensure reliability of the results. RESULTS Overall, 17 studies encompassing 7146 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. Results showed L1CAM overexpression to be significantly associated with decreased overall survival (HR = 2.87, 95% CI; 1.81-4.55, P < .001) and disease-free survival (HR = 3.32, 95% CI; 1.99-5.55, P < .001) in patients with endometrial cancer. High L1CAM expression was also related to adverse clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that high L1CAM expression is correlated with poor survival outcomes and adverse clinicopathological parameters in patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Han Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Dan Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
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Coelho BP, Fernandes CFDL, Boccacino JM, Souza MCDS, Melo-Escobar MI, Alves RN, Prado MB, Iglesia RP, Cangiano G, Mazzaro GLR, Lopes MH. Multifaceted WNT Signaling at the Crossroads Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597743. [PMID: 33312955 PMCID: PMC7706883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can employ epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or autophagy in reaction to microenvironmental stress. Importantly, EMT and autophagy negatively regulate each other, are able to interconvert, and both have been shown to contribute to drug-resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). EMT has been considered one of the mechanisms that confer invasive properties to GBM cells. Autophagy, on the other hand, may show dual roles as either a GBM-promoter or GBM-suppressor, depending on microenvironmental cues. The Wingless (WNT) signaling pathway regulates a plethora of developmental and biological processes such as cellular proliferation, adhesion and motility. As such, GBM demonstrates deregulation of WNT signaling in favor of tumor initiation, proliferation and invasion. In EMT, WNT signaling promotes induction and stabilization of different EMT activators. WNT activity also represses autophagy, while nutrient deprivation induces β-catenin degradation via autophagic machinery. Due to the importance of the WNT pathway to GBM, and the role of WNT signaling in EMT and autophagy, in this review we highlight the effects of the WNT signaling in the regulation of both processes in GBM, and discuss how the crosstalk between EMT and autophagy may ultimately affect tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Paranhos Coelho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia La Rocca Mazzaro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zuchegna C, Di Zazzo E, Moncharmont B, Messina S. Dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP6) in human glioblastoma: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involvement. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:374. [PMID: 32771050 PMCID: PMC7414695 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain cancer. Survival is poor and improved treatment options are urgently needed. Dual specificity phosphatase-6 (DUSP6) is actively involved in oncogenesis showing unexpected tumor-promoting properties in human glioblastoma, contributing to the development and expression of the full malignant and invasive phenotype. The purpose of this study was to assess if DUSP6 activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioblastoma and its connection with the invasive capacity. Results We found high levels of transcripts mRNA by qPCR analysis in a panel of primary GBM compared to adult or fetal normal tissues. At translational levels, these data correlate with high protein expression and long half-life values by cycloheximide-chase assay in immunoblot experiments. Next, we demonstrate that DUSP6 gene is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GBM by immunoblot characterization of the mesenchymal and epithelial markers. Vimentin, N-Cadherin, E-Cadherin and fibronectin were measured with and without DUSP6 over-expression, and in response to several stimuli such as chemotherapy treatment. In particular, the high levels of vimentin were blunted at increasing doses of cisplatin in condition of DUSP6 over-expression while N-Cadherin contextually increased. Finally, DUSP6 per se increased invasion capacity of GBM. Overall, our data unveil the DUSP6 involvement in invasive mesenchymal-like properties in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Zuchegna
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bruno Moncharmont
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Samantha Messina
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Majc B, Sever T, Zarić M, Breznik B, Turk B, Lah TT. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as the driver of changing carcinoma and glioblastoma microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118782. [PMID: 32554164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential molecular and cellular process that is part of normal embryogenesis and wound healing, and also has a ubiquitous role in various types of carcinoma and glioblastoma. EMT is activated and regulated by specific microenvironmental endogenous triggers and a complex network of signalling pathways. These mostly include epigenetic events that affect protein translation-controlling factors and proteases, altogether orchestrated by the switching on and off of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes in cancer cells. The hallmark of cancer-linked EMT is that the process is incomplete, as it is opposed by the reverse process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which results in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that shows notable cell plasticity. This is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is of the utmost importance in their niche microenvironment, where it governs CSC migratory and invasive properties, thereby creating metastatic CSCs. These cells have high resistance to therapeutic treatments, in particular in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Sever
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 19с1, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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A New Pathway Promotes Adaptation of Human Glioblastoma Cells to Glucose Starvation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051249. [PMID: 32443613 PMCID: PMC7290719 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of glioblastoma to caloric restriction induces compensatory changes in tumor metabolism that are incompletely known. Here we show that in human glioblastoma cells maintained in exhausted medium, SHC adaptor protein 3 (SHC3) increases due to down-regulation of SHC3 protein degradation. This effect is reversed by glucose addition and is not present in normal astrocytes. Increased SHC3 levels are associated to increased glucose uptake mediated by changes in membrane trafficking of glucose transporters of the solute carrier 2A superfamily (GLUT/SLC2A). We found that the effects on vesicle trafficking are mediated by SHC3 interactions with adaptor protein complex 1 and 2 (AP), BMP-2-inducible protein kinase and a fraction of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) associated to vesicles containing GLUT/SLC2As. In glioblastoma cells, PARP1 inhibitor veliparib mimics glucose starvation in enhancing glucose uptake. Furthermore, cytosol extracted from glioblastoma cells inhibits PARP1 enzymatic activity in vitro while immunodepletion of SHC3 from the cytosol significantly relieves this inhibition. The identification of a new pathway controlling glucose uptake in high grade gliomas represents an opportunity for repositioning existing drugs and designing new ones.
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Samiei E, Seyfoori A, Toyota B, Ghavami S, Akbari M. Investigating Programmed Cell Death and Tumor Invasion in a Three-Dimensional (3D) Microfluidic Model of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3162. [PMID: 32365781 PMCID: PMC7246580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressive and deadly form of brain tumor with a median survival rate of ~15 months. GBMs are hard to treat and significantly affect the patient's physical and cognitive abilities and quality of life. Temozolomide (TMZ)-an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage-is the only chemotherapy choice for the treatment of GBM. However, TMZ also induces autophagy and causes tumor cell resistance and thus fails to improve the survival rate among patients. Here, we studied the drug-induced programmed cell death and invasion inhibition capacity of TMZ and a mevalonate cascade inhibitor, simvastatin (Simva), in a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic model of GBM. We elucidate the role of autophagy in apoptotic cell death by comparing apoptosis in autophagy knockdown cells (Atg7 KD) against their scrambled counterparts. Our results show that the cells were significantly less sensitive to drugs in the 3D model as compared to monolayer culture systems. An immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that apoptosis is the mechanism of cell death in TMZ- and Simva-treated glioma cells. However, the induction of apoptosis in the 3D model is significantly lower than in monolayer cultures. We have also shown that autophagy inhibition (Atg7 KD) did not change TMZ and Simva-induced apoptosis in the 3D microfluidic model. Overall, for the first time in this study we have established the simultaneous detection of drug induced apoptosis and autophagy in a 3D microfluidic model of GBM. Our study presents a potential ex vivo platform for developing novel therapeutic strategies tailored toward disrupting key molecular pathways involved in programmed cell death and tumor invasion in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Samiei
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada; (E.S.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada; (E.S.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brian Toyota
- Department of Surgery, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada;
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Departments of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- The Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada; (E.S.); (A.S.)
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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22
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MicroRNA-144 represses gliomas progression and elevates susceptibility to Temozolomide by targeting CAV2 and FGF7. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4155. [PMID: 32139705 PMCID: PMC7058039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common tumor in central nervous system with poor prognosis. Due to the limitation of histological classification in earlier diagnosis and individualized medicine, it is necessary to combine the molecular signatures and the pathological characteristics of gliomas. Lots of microRNAs presented abnormal expression in gliomas and modulated gliomas development. Exploration the miRNAs profile is helpful for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of gliomas. It has been demonstrated that miR-144 plays important roles in solid tumors. However, the detail mechanisms remained unrevealed. In this study, we have demonstrated the level of miR-144 decreased in glioma tissues from patients, especially in gliomas with higher grades. MiR-144 was also validated have lower expression in glioma cell lines compared with cortical neuron cell by using qRT-PCR. The in vitro functional experiment indicated miR-144 improved gliomas progression through repressing proliferation, sensitizing to chemotherapeutics and inhibiting metastasis. We further identified fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) and Caveolin 2 (CAV2) were target genes of miR-144 by luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. The mechanisms study suggested forced FGF7 expression elevated Akt activation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The MTT and cell cycle assay indicated miR-144 suppressed glioma cells proliferation through modulating FGF mediated Akt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, miR-144 promoted Temozolomide (TMZ) induced apoptosis in glioma cells via increasing ROS production by using FACS. On the other hand, CAV2, as another target of miR-144, accelerated glioma cells migration and invasion via promoting glioma cells EMT progress. Retrieved expression of FGF7 or CAV2 rescued the proliferation and migration function mediated by miR-144. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments in PDX models displayed the anti-tumor function of miR-144, which could be retrieved by overexpression of FGF7 and CAV2. Taken together, these findings indicated miR-144 acted as a potential target against gliomas progression and uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy and prognostic indicator for gliomas.
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23
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Pan H, Xue W, Zhao W, Schachner M. Expression and function of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in human glioma. FASEB J 2020; 34:2853-2868. [PMID: 31908019 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901621rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Key molecules promoting migration and invasion exist in the extracellular matrix, and include chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S), functionally important carbohydrate chains of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that participate in regulating cancer development. Here, we show that C4S and C6S expression is upregulated in human glioma tissues, when compared to normal brain tissue, and that the extent of upregulation positively correlated with glioma malignancy. Treatment of cultured glioma cells with C4S and C6S enhanced cell viability, migration, and invasion, increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, enhanced N-cadherin, but reduced E-cadherin expression. Inhibition of expression of the two CS synthetic enzymes chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1/CHST11) and chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1/CHST3) suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion, reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, and reduced N-cadherin expression, but increased E-cadherin levels. The C4S- and C6S-enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and expression of MMP-2 occurred via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, known to be involved in promoting cell migration and invasion. In immune-deficient larval zebrafish, C4S and C6S increased the numbers of viable tumor cells, thereby promoting glioma cell proliferation. The present observations point to a novel role of C4S and C6S in human glioma cell functions, thus possibly representing targets in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Pan
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weikang Xue
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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24
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Susman S, Pîrlog R, Leucuța D, Mitre AO, Padurean VA, Melincovici C, Moldovan I, Crișan D, Florian SI. The role of p-Stat3 Y705 immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma prognosis. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:124. [PMID: 31690341 PMCID: PMC6829927 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the multimodal treatment used today, glioblastoma is still the most aggressive and lethal cerebral tumour. To increase survival in these patients, novel therapeutic targets must be discovered. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), a transcription factor that controls normal cell differentiation and survival is also involved in neoplastic celltransformation. In this study we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of pY705-Stat3 in patients with primary glioblastoma and determined its prognostic role by correlating it with survival. Methods This retrospective study included 94 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. We determined the localization, number of positive cells, and marker intensity for pY705-Stat3 in these patients with the use of immunohistochemistry. The prognostic role was determined by correlating pY705-Stat3 expression on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues with the patient’s survival in univariate and multivariate COX regressions. Results We found a statistically significant difference in survival between the patients with more than 20% pY705-Stat3 positive cells and those with less than 20% pY705-Stat3 positive cells (8.9 months median survival versus 13.7 months medial survival, p < 0.001). On multivariate analyses with the COX proportional hazards regression model including pY705-Stat3 expression, age and relapse status, pY705-Stat3 status was an independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results obtained show that the immunohistochemical expression of pY705-Stat3 correlates with survival in glioblastoma. This study identifies Stat3 as a possible target for existing or new developed Stat3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Susman
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Pathology, Imogen Research Centre, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Radu Pîrlog
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Leucuța
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Otto Mitre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Carmen Melincovici
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Moldovan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doinița Crișan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Ioan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Bouchart C, Trépant AL, Hein M, Van Gestel D, Demetter P. Prognostic impact of glioblastoma stem cell markers OLIG2 and CCND2. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1069-1078. [PMID: 31568682 PMCID: PMC6997071 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in this poor prognosis and in radio(chemo‐)resistance. We have previously demonstrated that among potentially highly specific GSC markers oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) appears to be the most specific and cyclin D2 (CCND2) the only one related to cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this work was to investigate the clinical significance and the evolution of OLIG2 and CCND2 protein expression in GBM. Methods and results Immunohistochemical expression analysis of Olig2 and Ccnd2 was carried out on a cohort of human paired GBM samples comparing initial resections with local recurrent tumors after radiation therapy (RT) alone or radio‐chemotherapy with temozolomide (RT‐TMZ). Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors predicting early mortality (<12 months) are: subtotal surgery for recurrence, time to recurrence <6 months, Ccnd2 nuclear expression at initial surgery ≥30%, and Olig2 nuclear expression <30% at second surgery after RT alone and RT‐TMZ. Conclusions We demonstrated that patients for whom nuclear expression of Olig2 becomes low (<30%) after adjuvant treatments have a significantly shorter time to recurrence and survival reflecting most probably a proneural to mesenchymal transition of the GSCs population. We also highlighted the fact that at initial surgery, high nuclear expression (≥30%) of CCND2, a G1/S regulator specific of GSCs, has a prognostic value and is associated with early mortality (<12 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bouchart
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Trépant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Hein
- Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gestel
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Cdh4 Down-Regulation Impairs in Vivo Infiltration and Malignancy in Patients Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164028. [PMID: 31426573 PMCID: PMC6718984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high invasive phenotype of glioblastoma is one of the main causes of therapy inefficacy and tumor relapse. Cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family are involved in cell migration and are known as master regulators of epithelial tumor invasiveness, but their role in glioblastoma is less understood. In particular, we recently demonstrated, in the syngeneic murine model, the occurrence of a previously undescribed cadherin switch between Cdh2 and Cdh4 during gliomagenesis, which is necessary for the acquisition of the highly infiltrative and tumorigenic phenotype of these cells. In the present study, we tested the role of Cdh4 in human gliomas. Our results on patient-derived glioma cells demonstrate a positive correlation between Cdh4 expression levels and the loss of cell-cell contact inhibition of proliferation controls that allows cells to proliferate over confluence. Moreover, the silencing of Cdh4 by artificial microRNAs induced a decrease in the infiltrative ability of human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. More strikingly, Cdh4 silencing induced an impairment of the tumorigenic potential of these cells after orthotopic transplantation in immunodeficient mice. Overall, we conclude that in human glioblastoma, Cdh4 can also actively contribute in regulating cell invasiveness and malignancy.
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27
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The Role Played by SLUG, an Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Factor, in Invasion and Therapeutic Resistance of Malignant Glioma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:769-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Barbieri F, Verduci I, Carlini V, Zona G, Pagano A, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Repurposed Biguanide Drugs in Glioblastoma Exert Antiproliferative Effects via the Inhibition of Intracellular Chloride Channel 1 Activity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 30918838 PMCID: PMC6424887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of in-depth knowledge about the molecular determinants of glioblastoma (GBM) occurrence and progression, combined with few effective and BBB crossing-targeted compounds represents a major challenge for the discovery of novel and efficacious drugs for GBM. Among relevant molecular factors controlling the aggressive behavior of GBM, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents an emerging prognostic and predictive biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target. CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein, co-existing as both soluble cytoplasmic and membrane-associated conformers, with the latter acting as chloride selective ion channel. CLIC1 is involved in several physiological cell functions and its abnormal expression triggers tumor development, favoring tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. CLIC1 overexpression is associated with aggressive features of various human solid tumors, including GBM, in which its expression level is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that modification of microglia ion channel activity, and CLIC1 in particular, contributes to the development of different neuropathological states and brain tumors. Intriguingly, CLIC1 is constitutively active within cancer stem cells (CSCs), while it seems less relevant for the survival of non-CSC GBM subpopulations and for normal cells. CSCs represent GBM development and progression driving force, being endowed with stem cell-like properties (self-renewal and differentiation), ability to survive therapies, to expand and differentiate, causing tumor recurrence. Downregulation of CLIC1 results in drastic inhibition of GBM CSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, making the control of the activity this of channel a possible innovative pharmacological target. Recently, drugs belonging to the biguanide class (including metformin) were reported to selectively inhibit CLIC1 activity in CSCs, impairing their viability and invasiveness, but sparing normal stem cells, thus representing potential novel antitumor drugs with a safe toxicological profile. On these premises, we review the most recent insights into the biological role of CLIC1 as a potential selective pharmacological target in GBM. Moreover, we examine old and new drugs able to functionally target CLIC1 activity, discussing the challenges and potential development of CLIC1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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29
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Colella B, Faienza F, Di Bartolomeo S. EMT Regulation by Autophagy: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030312. [PMID: 30845654 PMCID: PMC6468412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process MET naturally occur during development and in tissue repair in vertebrates. EMT is also recognized as the crucial event by which cancer cells acquire an invasive phenotype through the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. Even though glial cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, an EMT-like process tends to exacerbate it during gliomagenesis and progression to more aggressive stages of the disease. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process that cells use in order to maintain a proper homeostasis, and defects in autophagy have been associated to several pathologies including cancer. Besides modulating cell resistance or sensitivity to therapy, autophagy also affects the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. Despite this evidence, few papers are present in literature about the involvement of autophagy in EMT-like processes in glioblastoma (GBM) so far. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and EMT in cancer, with special regard to GBM model. As the invasive behaviour is a hallmark of GBM aggressiveness, defining a new link between autophagy and EMT can open a novel scenario for targeting these processes in future therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
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30
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Torres Á, Erices JI, Sanchez F, Ehrenfeld P, Turchi L, Virolle T, Uribe D, Niechi I, Spichiger C, Rocha JD, Ramirez M, Salazar-Onfray F, San Martín R, Quezada C. Extracellular adenosine promotes cell migration/invasion of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells through A 3 Adenosine Receptor activation under hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:112-122. [PMID: 30660649 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the brain tumor with the worst prognosis composed of a cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs) responsible for tumor recurrence mediated by cell invasion. GSCs persist in a hypoxic microenvironment which promotes extracellular adenosine production and activation of the A3 Adenosine Receptor (A3AR), therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of extracellular adenosine and A3AR on GSCs invasion under hypoxia. GSCs were obtained from a U87MG cell line and primary cultures of GBM patients, and then incubated under normoxia or hypoxia. Gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Cell migration was measured by spreading and transwell boyden chamber assays; cell invasion was evaluated by Matrigel-coated transwell, ex vivo brain slice, and in vivo xenograft assays. The contribution of A3AR on cell migration/invasion was evaluated using the A3AR antagonist, MRS1220. Extracellular adenosine production was higher under hypoxia than normoxia, mainly by the catalytic action of the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), promoting cell migration/invasion in a HIF-2-dependent process. A3AR blockade decreased cell migration/invasion and the expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers. In conclusion, high levels of extracellular adenosine production enhance cell migration/invasion of GSCs, through HIF-2/PAP-dependent activation of A3AR under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabiola Sanchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular, Instituto de Anatomia, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France; Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Thierry Virolle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France; Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Dellis Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Ramirez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago, Chile; Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo Lopez Perez (FALP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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31
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A tension-mediated glycocalyx-integrin feedback loop promotes mesenchymal-like glioblastoma. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1203-1214. [PMID: 30202050 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) are recurrent lethal brain tumours. Recurrent GBMs often exhibit mesenchymal, stem-like phenotypes that could explain their resistance to therapy. Analyses revealed that recurrent GBMs have increased tension and express high levels of glycoproteins that increase the bulkiness of the glycocalyx. Studies showed that a bulky glycocalyx potentiates integrin mechanosignalling and tissue tension and promotes a mesenchymal, stem-like phenotype in GBMs. Gain- and loss-of-function studies implicated integrin mechanosignalling as an inducer of GBM growth, survival, invasion and treatment resistance, and a mesenchymal, stem-like phenotype. Mesenchymal-like GBMs were highly contractile and expressed elevated levels of glycoproteins that expanded their glycocalyx, and they were surrounded by a stiff extracellular matrix that potentiated integrin mechanosignalling. Our findings suggest that there is a dynamic and reciprocal link between integrin mechanosignalling and a bulky glycocalyx, implying a causal link towards a mesenchymal, stem-like phenotype in GBMs. Strategies to ameliorate GBM tissue tension offer a therapeutic approach to reduce mortality due to GBM.
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32
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Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Cavalloni G, Pignochino Y, Sangiolo D, De Cecco L, Marchesi E, Ribero D, Scarpa A, De Rose AM, Giuliani A, Calise F, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Aglietta M, Chiorino G, Leone F. Transcriptomic analysis and mutational status of IDH1 in paired primary-recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:440. [PMID: 29871612 PMCID: PMC5989353 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective target therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have not been identified so far. One of the reasons may be the genetic evolution from primary (PR) to recurrent (REC) tumors. We aim to identify peculiar characteristics and to select potential targets specific for recurrent tumors. Eighteen ICC paired PR and REC tumors were collected from 5 Italian Centers. Eleven pairs were analyzed for gene expression profiling and 16 for mutational status of IDH1. For one pair, deep mutational analysis by Next Generation Sequencing was also carried out. An independent cohort of patients was used for validation. Results Two class-paired comparison yielded 315 differentially expressed genes between REC and PR tumors. Up-regulated genes in RECs are involved in RNA/DNA processing, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Down-regulated genes participate to epithelial cell differentiation, proteolysis, apoptotic, immune response, and inflammatory processes. A 24 gene signature is able to discriminate RECs from PRs in an independent cohort; FANCG is statistically associated with survival in the chol-TCGA dataset. IDH1 was mutated in the RECs of five patients; 4 of them displayed the mutation only in RECs. Deep sequencing performed in one patient confirmed the IDH1 mutation in REC. Conclusions RECs are enriched for genes involved in EMT, resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Key players of these pathways might be considered druggable targets in RECs. IDH1 is mutated in 30% of RECs, becoming both a marker of progression and a target for therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peraldo-Neia
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy.
| | - P Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - G Cavalloni
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Pignochino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - L De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - E Marchesi
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Ribero
- Division of Hepatobilio-Pancreatic and Colorectal Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, Candiolo, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A M De Rose
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giuliani
- Department of Health's Sciences and Medicine "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Calise
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - C Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - P Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,UOC di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - M Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - F Leone
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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Mikheev AM, Mikheeva SA, Severs LJ, Funk CC, Huang L, McFaline-Figueroa JL, Schwensen J, Trapnell C, Price ND, Wong S, Rostomily RC. Targeting TWIST1 through loss of function inhibits tumorigenicity of human glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1188-1202. [PMID: 29754406 PMCID: PMC6026950 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 (TW) is a bHLH transcription factor (TF) and master regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, TW promotes mesenchymal change, invasion, and self-renewal in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. However, the potential therapeutic relevance of TW has not been established through loss-of-function studies in human GBM cell xenograft models. The effects of TW loss of function (gene editing and knockdown) on inhibition of tumorigenicity of U87MG and GBM4 glioma stem cells were tested in orthotopic xenograft models and conditional knockdown in established flank xenograft tumors. RNAseq and the analysis of tumors investigated putative TW-associated mechanisms. Multiple bioinformatic tools revealed significant alteration of ECM, membrane receptors, signaling transduction kinases, and cytoskeleton dynamics leading to identification of PI3K/AKT signaling. We experimentally show alteration of AKT activity and periostin (POSTN) expression in vivo and/or in vitro. For the first time, we show that effect of TW knockout inhibits AKT activity in U87MG cells in vivo independent of PTEN mutation. The clinical relevance of TW and candidate mechanisms was established by analysis of the TCGA and ENCODE databases. TW expression was associated with decreased patient survival and LASSO regression analysis identified POSTN as one of top targets of TW in human GBM. While we previously demonstrated the role of TW in promoting EMT and invasion of glioma cells, these studies provide direct experimental evidence supporting protumorigenic role of TW independent of invasion in vivo and the therapeutic relevance of targeting TW in human GBM. Further, the role of TW driving POSTN expression and AKT signaling suggests actionable targets, which could be leveraged to mitigate the oncogenic effects of TW in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M Mikheev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Svetlana A Mikheeva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liza J Severs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Systems Medicine& Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jeanette Schwensen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine& Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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34
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Circadian regulator NR1D2 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and motility. Oncogene 2018; 37:4838-4853. [PMID: 29773903 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor NR1D2 is originally characterized as the repressor of genes involved in circadian rhythm. Recently, it is documented that NR1D2 is overexpressed in various cancers. However, the pathways and biological functions that NR1D2 involved in cancers remain poorly understood. Here, we reported that NR1D2 was abundant in human glioblastoma (GBM) tissue and cell lines but not primary human astrocytes. Silencing of NR1D2 changed the morphology of GBM cells, inhibited cell proliferation and motility, whereas had no effects on apoptosis. Importantly, based on RNA-seq and ChIP assay, we identified receptor tyrosine kinase AXL as a new transcriptional target of NR1D2 in GBM cells. AXL mediated partially the regulatory effects of NR1D2 on PI3K/AKT axis and promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. Besides, NR1D2 knockdown remarkably impaired the maturation of focal adhesion and assembly of F-actin, along with downregulated p-FAK, and proteins involved in actin nucleation and polymerization (p-Rac1/Cdc42, WAVE and PFN2). Moreover, NR1D2 had more targets other than AXL to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in GBM cells. Altogether, our findings uncover a GBM-promoting role of NR1D2 and provide the rationale for targeting NR1D2 as a potential therapeutic approach.
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35
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Mäder L, Blank AE, Capper D, Jansong J, Baumgarten P, Wirsik NM, Zachskorn C, Ehlers J, Seifert M, Klink B, Liebner S, Niclou S, Naumann U, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M. Pericytes/vessel-associated mural cells (VAMCs) are the major source of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors SLUG and TWIST in human glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24041-24053. [PMID: 29844871 PMCID: PMC5963615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is supposed to be responsible for increased invasion and metastases in epithelial cancer cells. The activation of EMT genes has further been proposed to be important in the process of malignant transformation of primary CNS tumors. Since the cellular source and clinical impact of EMT factors in primary CNS tumors still remain unclear, we aimed at deciphering their distribution in vivo and clinico-pathological relevance in human gliomas. We investigated 350 glioma patients for the expression of the key EMT factors SLUG and TWIST by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence related to morpho-genetic alterations such as EGFR-amplification, IDH-1 (R132H) mutation and 1p/19q LOH. Furthermore, transcriptional cluster and survival analyses were performed. Our data illustrate that SLUG and TWIST are overexpressed in gliomas showing vascular proliferation such as pilocytic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. EMT factors are exclusively expressed by non-neoplastic pericytes/vessel-associated mural cells (VAMCs). They are not associated with patient survival but correlate with pericytic/VAMC genes in glioblastoma cluster analysis. In summary, the upregulation of EMT genes in pilocytic astrocytomas and glioblastomas reflects the level of activation of pericytes/VAMCs in newly formed blood vessels. Our results underscore that the negative prognostic potential of the EMT signature in the group of diffuse gliomas of WHO grade II-IV does most likely not derive from glioma cells but rather reflects the degree of proliferating mural cells thereby constituting a potential target for future alternative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mäder
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna E Blank
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Jansong
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Naita M Wirsik
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zachskorn
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Ehlers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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36
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Chen Q, Cai J, Jiang C. CDH2 expression is of prognostic significance in glioma and predicts the efficacy of temozolomide therapy in patients with glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7415-7422. [PMID: 29731893 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Radical surgical excision accompanied by radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the prevailing standard therapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Cadherin 2 (CDH2) encodes the N-cadherin protein, a classical cadherin and a member of the cadherin superfamily, which sustains the integrity of the cell and is involved in several cell signal transduction pathways. In the present study, the association between CDH2 expression and clinical features was investigated based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Rembrandt datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets (TCGA). Medical statistical methods, including Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model were used. The expression of CDH2 was identified to be strongly associated with glioma World Health Organization grade in the CGGA and Rembrandt datasets. Patients with low CDH2 expression had an improved prognosis and benefited from temozolomide therapy. In conclusion, these findings revealed that CDH2 may serve as a prognostic and predictive molecular biomarker for the grading and treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Glioma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Glioma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Glioma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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37
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Abstract
Similar to embryonic development, changes in cell phenotypes defined as an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been shown to play a role in the tumorigenic process. Although the first description of EMT in cancer was in cell cultures, evidence for its role in vivo is now widely reported but also actively debated. Moreover, current research has exemplified just how complex this phenomenon is in cancer, leaving many exciting, open questions for researchers to answer in the future. With these points in mind, we asked four scientists for their opinions on the role of EMT in cancer and the challenges faced by scientists working in this fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Ludwig Massachusetts Institute for Technology (MIT) Center for Molecular Oncology and MIT Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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38
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Zhang G, Li D, Chen H, Zhang J, Jin X. Vitexin induces G2/M‑phase arrest and apoptosis via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human glioblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4599-4604. [PMID: 29328424 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dongyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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39
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Kast RE, Skuli N, Karpel-Massler G, Frosina G, Ryken T, Halatsch ME. Blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma with a sextet of repurposed drugs: the EIS regimen. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60727-60749. [PMID: 28977822 PMCID: PMC5617382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines a treatment protocol to run alongside of standard current treatment of glioblastoma- resection, temozolomide and radiation. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibiting sextet, EIS Regimen, uses the ancillary attributes of six older medicines to impede EMT during glioblastoma. EMT is an actively motile, therapy-resisting, low proliferation, transient state that is an integral feature of cancers’ lethality generally and of glioblastoma specifically. It is believed to be during the EMT state that glioblastoma’s centrifugal migration occurs. EMT is also a feature of untreated glioblastoma but is enhanced by chemotherapy, by radiation and by surgical trauma. EIS Regimen uses the antifungal drug itraconazole to block Hedgehog signaling, the antidiabetes drug metformin to block AMP kinase (AMPK), the analgesic drug naproxen to block Rac1, the anti-fibrosis drug pirfenidone to block transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), the psychiatric drug quetiapine to block receptor activator NFkB ligand (RANKL) and the antibiotic rifampin to block Wnt- all by their previously established ancillary attributes. All these systems have been identified as triggers of EMT and worthy targets to inhibit. The EIS Regimen drugs have a good safety profile when used individually. They are not expected to have any new side effects when combined. Further studies of the EIS Regimen are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Inserm/Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Frosina
- Mutagenesis & Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Timothy Ryken
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
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40
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A novel interaction of PAK4 with PPARγ to regulate Nox1 and radiation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in glioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5309-5320. [PMID: 28534509 PMCID: PMC5599308 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence in glioblastoma (GBM) is, in part, attributed to increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced tumor cell dissemination in adjacent brain parenchyma after ionizing radiation (IR). EMT is associated with aggressive behavior, increased stem-like characteristics and treatment resistance in malignancies; however, the underlying signaling mechanisms that regulate EMT are poorly understood. We identified grade-dependent PAK4 upregulation in gliomas and further determined its role in mesenchymal transition and radioresistance. IR treatment significantly elevated expression and nuclear localization of PAK4 in correlation with induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mesenchymal transition in GBM cells. Stable PAK4 overexpression promoted mesenchymal transition by elevating EMT marker expression in these cells. Of note, transcription factor-DNA binding arrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments identified the formation of a novel nuclear PAK4/PPARγ complex which was recruited to the promoter of Nox1, a PPARγ target gene. In addition, IR further elevated PAK4/PPARγ complex co-recruitment to Nox1 promoter, and increased Nox1 expression and ROS levels associated with mesenchymal transition in these cells. Conversely, specific PAK4 downregulation decreased PPARγ-mediated Nox1 expression and suppressed EMT in IR-treated cells. In vivo orthotopic tumor experiments showed inhibition of growth and suppression of IR-induced PPARγ and Nox1 expression by PAK4 downregulation in tumors. Our results provide the first evidence of a novel role for PAK4 in IR-induced EMT and suggest potential therapeutic efficacy of targeting PAK4 to overcome radioresistance in gliomas.
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41
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Matias D, Balça-Silva J, Dubois LG, Pontes B, Ferrer VP, Rosário L, do Carmo A, Echevarria-Lima J, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moura-Neto V. Dual treatment with shikonin and temozolomide reduces glioblastoma tumor growth, migration and glial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:247-261. [PMID: 28401486 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastomas (GBM) comprise 17% of all primary brain tumors. These tumors are extremely aggressive due to their infiltrative capacity and chemoresistance, with glial-to-mesenchymal transition (GMT) proteins playing a prominent role in tumor invasion. One compound that has recently been used to reduce the expression of these proteins is shikonin (SHK), a naphthoquinone with anti-tumor properties. Temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in GBM treatment, has so far not been studied in combination with SHK. Here, we investigated the combined effects of these two drugs on the proliferation and motility of GBM-derived cells. METHODS The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of SHK and TMZ on human GBM-derived cells were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Ki67 staining and BrdU incorporation assays. The migration capacities of these cells were evaluated using a scratch wound assay. The expression levels of β3 integrin, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and GMT-associated proteins were determined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We found that GBM-derived cells treated with a combination of SHK and TMZ showed decreases in their proliferation and migration capacities. These decreases were followed by the suppression of GMT through a reduction of β3 integrin, MMP-2, MMP-9, Slug and vimentin expression via inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSION From our results we conclude that dual treatment with SHK and TMZ may constitute a powerful new tool for GBM treatment by reducing therapy resistance and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matias
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ICB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine at University of Coimbra (FMUC), Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ICB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Rosário
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Hospital Center and University of Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine at University of Coimbra (FMUC), Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,Hospital Center and University of Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Cilibrasi C, Riva G, Romano G, Cadamuro M, Bazzoni R, Butta V, Paoletta L, Dalprà L, Strazzabosco M, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R, Bentivegna A. Resveratrol Impairs Glioma Stem Cells Proliferation and Motility by Modulating the Wnt Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169854. [PMID: 28081224 PMCID: PMC5231344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma and the most common form of malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM remains one of the most fatal and least successfully treated solid tumors: current therapies provide a median survival of 12–15 months after diagnosis, due to the high recurrence rate. Glioma Stem Cells (GSCs) are believed to be the real driving force of tumor initiation, progression and relapse. Therefore, better therapeutic strategies GSCs-targeted are needed. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in fruits and vegetables displaying pleiotropic health benefits. Many studies have highlighted its chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activities in a wide range of solid tumors. In this work, we analyzed the effects of Resveratrol exposure on cell viability, proliferation and motility in seven GSC lines isolated from GBM patients. For the first time in our knowledge, we investigated Resveratrol impact on Wnt signaling pathway in GSCs, evaluating the expression of seven Wnt signaling pathway-related genes and the protein levels of c-Myc and β-catenin. Finally, we analyzed Twist1 and Snail1 protein levels, two pivotal activators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Results showed that although response to Resveratrol exposure was highly heterogeneous among GSC lines, generally it was able to inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell mortality, and strongly decrease cell motility, modulating the Wnt signaling pathway and the EMT activators. Treatment with Resveratrol may represent a new interesting therapeutic approach, in order to affect GSCs proliferation and motility, even if further investigations are needed to deeply understand the GSCs heterogeneous response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Butta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Paoletta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan center of Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Kukoamine A inhibits human glioblastoma cell growth and migration through apoptosis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition attenuation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36543. [PMID: 27824118 PMCID: PMC5099904 DOI: 10.1038/srep36543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortex lycii radicis is the dried root bark of Lycium chinense, a traditional Chinese herb used in multiple ailments. The crude extract of Cortex lycii radicis has growth inhibition effect on GBM cells. Kukoamine A (KuA) is a spermine alkaloid derived from it. KuA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, but its anticancer activity is unknown. In this study, the growth and migration inhibition effect of KuA on human GBM cells and the possible mechanism of its activity were investigated. After KuA treatment, proliferation and colony formation of GBM cells were decreased significantly; apoptotic cells were increased; the cell cycle was arrested G0/G1 phase; the migration and invasion were decreased, the growth of tumors initiated from GBM cells was inhibited significantly; the expressions of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were decreased, apoptotic proteins, Bax and caspase-3 were increased, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased significantly; The expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), N-cadherin, vimentin, twist and snail+slug were decreased significantly, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased significantly in KuA treated GBM cells and tumor tissues. KuA inhibited human glioblastoma cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo through apoptosis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition attenuation by downregulating expressions of 5-LOX and C/EBPβ.
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Lin L, Wang G, Ming J, Meng X, Han B, Sun B, Cai J, Jiang C. Analysis of expression and prognostic significance of vimentin and the response to temozolomide in glioma patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15333-15339. [PMID: 27704357 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial malignant tumors in adults. Surgical resection followed by optional radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the current standard therapy for glioma patients. Vimentin, a protein of intermediate filament family, could maintain the cellular integrity and participate in several cell signal pathways to modulate the motility and invasion of cancer cells. The purpose of the present research was to identify the relationship between vimentin expression and clinical characteristics and detect the prognostic and predictive ability of vimentin in patients with glioma. To determine the expression of vimentin in glioma tissues, paraffin-embedded blocks from glioma patients by surgical resection were obtained and evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To further investigate the association of vimentin expression with survival, we employed mRNA expression of vimentin genes from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the GSE 16011 dataset. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model were used to statistical analysis. We detected positive vimentin straining in 84 % of high-grade compared to 47 % in low-grade glioma patients. Additionally, vimentin mRNA expression was correlated with glioma grade in both CGGA and GSE16011 dataset. Patients with low vimentin expression have longer survival than high expression. In multivariate analysis, vimentin was an independent significant prognostic factor for high-grade glioma patients. We also identified that glioblastoma patients with low vimentin expression had a better response to temozolomide therapy. Vimentin expression has a significant association with tumor grade and overall survival of high-grade glioma patients. Low vimentin expression may benefit from temozolomide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Jianguang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China.
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China.
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.
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Adamski V, Schmitt AD, Flüh C, Synowitz M, Hattermann K, Held-Feindt J. Isolation and Characterization of Fast-Migrating Human Glioma Cells in the Progression of Malignant Gliomas. Oncol Res 2016; 25:341-353. [PMID: 27641619 PMCID: PMC7841193 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14737243054982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. The most malignant form, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO IV), is characterized by an invasive phenotype, which enables the tumor cells to infiltrate into adjacent brain tissue. When investigating GBM migration and invasion properties in vitro, in most cases GBM cell lines were analyzed. Comprehensive investigations focusing on progression-dependent characteristics of migration processes using fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades do not exist. Thus, we isolated fast-migrating tumor cells from fresh human glioma samples of different malignancy grades (astrocytomas WHO grade II, grade III, GBM, and GBM recurrences) and characterized them with regard to the transcription of genes involved in the migration and invasion, tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness. In addition, we transferred our results to GBM cell lines and glioma stem-like cells and examined the influence of temozolomide on the expression of the above-mentioned genes in relation to migratory potential. Our results indicate that "evolutionary-like" expression alterations occur during glioma progression when comparing slow- and fast-migrating cells of fresh human gliomas. Furthermore, a close relation between migratory and stemness properties seems to be most likely. Variations in gene expression were also identified in GBM cell lines, not only when comparing fast- and slow-migrating cells but also regarding temozolomide-treated and untreated cells. Moreover, these differences coincided with the expression of stem cell markers and their migratory potential. Expression of migration-related genes in fast-migrating glioma cells is not only regulated in a progression-dependent manner, but these cells are also characterized by specific stem cell-like features.
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Iser IC, Pereira MB, Lenz G, Wink MR. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Process in Glioblastoma: An Updated Systematic Review and In Silico Investigation. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:271-313. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabele C. Iser
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Mariana B. Pereira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Márcia R. Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Wood MD, Reis GF, Reuss DE, Phillips JJ. Protein Analysis of Glioblastoma Primary and Posttreatment Pairs Suggests a Mesenchymal Shift at Recurrence. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:925-935. [PMID: 27539476 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors that inevitably recur despite surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. The degree to which recurrent GBM retains its initial immunophenotype is incompletely understood. We generated tissue microarrays of paired initial and posttreatment GBM (3 pairs positive and 17 negative for IDH1R132H) from the same patients and made comparisons in the IDH1R132H-negative group for immunohistochemical and gene expression differences between primary and recurrent tumors. In initial tumors, immunopositivity for Ki-67 in > 20% of tumor cells was associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival. Recurrent tumors showed decreased staining for CD34 suggesting lower vessel density. A subset of tumors showed increased staining for markers associated with the mesenchymal gene expression pattern, including CD44, phosphorylated STAT3, and YKL40. Recurrent tumors with the greatest increase in mesenchymal marker expression had rapid clinical progression, but no difference in overall survival after second surgery. Comparison of protein and gene expression data from the same samples revealed a poor correlation. A subset of tumors (15%) showed loss of neurofibromin protein in both initial and recurrent tumors. These data support the notion that GBM progression is associated with a shift toward a mesenchymal phenotype in a subset of tumors and this may portend a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wood
- From the Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (MDW, GFR, JJP) and Department of Neurological Surgery (JJP), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany (DER)
| | - Gerald F Reis
- From the Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (MDW, GFR, JJP) and Department of Neurological Surgery (JJP), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany (DER)
| | - David E Reuss
- From the Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (MDW, GFR, JJP) and Department of Neurological Surgery (JJP), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany (DER)
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- From the Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (MDW, GFR, JJP) and Department of Neurological Surgery (JJP), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany (DER).
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Krossa S, Schmitt AD, Hattermann K, Fritsch J, Scheidig AJ, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J. Down regulation of Akirin-2 increases chemosensitivity in human glioblastomas more efficiently than Twist-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21029-45. [PMID: 26036627 PMCID: PMC4673248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Twist-1 transcription factor and its interacting protein Akirin-2 regulate apoptosis. We found that in glioblastomas, highly malignant brain tumors, Akirin-2 and Twist-1 were expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive tumor regions as well as in tumor endothelial cells and infiltrating macrophages / microglia. Temozolomide (TMZ) induced the expression of both molecules, partly shifting their nuclear to cytosolic localization. The knock-down (kd) of Akirin-2 increased the activity of cleaved (c)Caspase-3/-7, the amounts of cCaspases-3, -7 and cPARP-1 and resulted in an increased number of apoptotic cells after TMZ exposure. Glioblastoma cells containing decreased amounts of Akirin-2 after kd contained increased amounts of cCaspase-3 as determined by the ImageStreamx Mark II technology. For Twist-1, similar results were obtained with the exception that the combination of TMZ treatment and Twist-1 kd failed to significantly reduce chemoresistance compared with controls. This could be attributed to a cell population containing only slightly increased cCaspase-3 together with decreased Twist-1 levels, which was clearly larger than the respective population observed under Akirin-2 kd. Our results showed that, compared with Twist-1, Akirin-2 is the more promising target for RNAi strategies antagonizing Twist-1/Akirin-2 facilitated glioblastoma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krossa
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Dorothée Schmitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel J Scheidig
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Patil SS, Gokulnath P, Bashir M, Shwetha SD, Jaiswal J, Shastry AH, Arimappamagan A, Santosh V, Kondaiah P. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 regulates β-catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells and contributes to poor patient prognosis. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1487-1497. [PMID: 27044294 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is often associated with aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) and contributes to poor prognosis for GBM patients. In view of the regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2 in breast cancer and the crucial role of β-catenin pathway in glioma invasion, proliferation and maintenance of glioma stem cells, the mechanism of regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2, and its role in GBM prognosis was studied. METHODS Regulation of the β-catenin pathway was studied by immunocytochemistry, Western blot analysis, luciferase assays, and real-time RT-PCR. The role of IGFBP-2 was studied by subcutaneous tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice using glioma cells engineered to express IGFBP-2 and its domains. GBM patient tumor tissues (n = 112) were analyzed for expression of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed employing Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS IGFBP-2 knockdown in U251, T98G, and U373 or overexpression in LN229 and U87 cells revealed a role for IGFBP-2 in stabilization of β-catenin and regulation of its nuclear functions involving integrin-mediated inactivation of GSK3β. Similar results were obtained upon overexpression of the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 but not the N-terminal domain. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors overexpressing either full-length or the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 showed larger volume as compared with controls. Coexpression of high levels of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin was associated with worse prognosis (P = .001) in GBM patients. CONCLUSION IGFBP-2 potentiates GBM tumor growth by the activation of the β-catenin pathway through its C-terminal domain, and their coexpression possibly contributes to worse patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Patil
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Mohsin Bashir
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Shivayogi D Shwetha
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Janhvi Jaiswal
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arun H Shastry
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arivazhagan Arimappamagan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Vani Santosh
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
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50
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Yu F, Li G, Gao J, Sun Y, Liu P, Gao H, Li P, Lei T, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhai X, Sayari AJ, Huang H, Mu Q. SPOCK1 is upregulated in recurrent glioblastoma and contributes to metastasis and Temozolomide resistance. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:195-206. [PMID: 26923184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumour type in humans. Its poor prognosis is largely attributed to its invasiveness and high rate of recurrence. Recurring GBM is commonly resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, making it specially difficult to treat. Recent studies have revealed that matricellular glycoprotein SPOCK1 to be upregulated in several cancer types and to be specifically expressed in invasive GBM, but not in other types of non-invasive brain tumour, which prompted us to study the mechanism of action of SPOCK1 in invasion, recurrence and drug resistance of GBM cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPOCK1 expression in GBM tissues was evaluated using qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Cell migration was tested by the wound healing method and cell invasion was assessed using transwell plates with Matrigel coating. Western blotting was performed for E-cadherin, vimentin, N-cadherin, p-Akt and Akt. Cell viability was examined using the MTT assay. RESULTS We found that the expression of SPOCK1 was significantly upregulated in recurrent GBM. We also demonstrated that SPOCK1 positively regulated migration, invasion and EMT process of GBM cells. Furthermore, SPOCK1 mediated TMZ resistance in GBM, as knockdown of SPOCK1 expression in TMZ-resistant GBM cells substantially sensitized these cells to TMZ. CONCLUSION SPOCK1 results were positive and it mediated TMZ resistance in GBM. In addition, SPOCK1 regulated invasion and TMZ resistance in GBM cells via the Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, 157011, China
| | - Guihong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Junxia Gao
- Department of Emergency, Hongqi hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, 157011, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Qingchun Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, 157011, China
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