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Yoshimori T, Kawami M, Kumagai Y, Futatsugi S, Yumoto R, Uchida Y, Takano M. Abemaciclib-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 independent of cell cycle arrest pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106601. [PMID: 38821314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Abemaciclib (ABM), a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, shows pharmacological effects in cell cycle arrest. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is an important cellular event associated with pathophysiological states such as organ fibrosis and cancer progression. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of factors associated with cell cycle arrest to ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Treatment with 0.6 µM ABM induced both cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related phenotypic changes. Interestingly, the knockdown of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, pharmacological targets of ABM or cyclin D1, which forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1-phase and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, indicating that downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-cyclin D1 complexes would mimic ABM. In contrast, knockdown of the Rb protein, which is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, had no effect on the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker. Furthermore, ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was not affected by Rb knockdown, suggesting that Rb is not involved in the transition process. Our study is the first to suggest that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-cyclin D1 complexes, as pharmacological targets of ABM, may contribute to ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, followed by clinical disorders such as organ fibrosis and cancer progression. This study suggests that blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition might be a promising way to prevent negative side effects caused by a medication (ABM) without affecting its ability to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Yoshimori
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawami
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kumagai
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Sorahito Futatsugi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan.
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Faghihkhorasani F, Fakhr SS, Baei FJ, Khorasani FF, Zare MM, Far NP, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Chen C, Ertas YN, Lu Q. Harnessing function of EMT in cancer drug resistance: a metastasis regulator determines chemotherapy response. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:457-479. [PMID: 38227149 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complicated molecular process that governs cellular shape and function changes throughout tissue development and embryogenesis. In addition, EMT contributes to the development and spread of tumors. Expanding and degrading the surrounding microenvironment, cells undergoing EMT move away from the main location. On the basis of the expression of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), collagen, and smooth muscle actin (-SMA), the mesenchymal phenotype exhibited in fibroblasts is crucial for promoting EMT. While EMT is not entirely reliant on its regulators like ZEB1/2, Twist, and Snail proteins, investigation of upstream signaling (like EGF, TGF-β, Wnt) is required to get a more thorough understanding of tumor EMT. Throughout numerous cancers, connections between tumor epithelial and fibroblast cells that influence tumor growth have been found. The significance of cellular crosstalk stems from the fact that these events affect therapeutic response and disease prognosis. This study examines how classical EMT signals emanating from various cancer cells interfere to tumor metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, Campus Hamar, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pazhouhesh Far
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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Liu X, Yi J, Li T, Wen J, Huang K, Liu J, Wang G, Kim P, Song Q, Zhou X. DRMref: comprehensive reference map of drug resistance mechanisms in human cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1253-D1264. [PMID: 37986230 PMCID: PMC10767840 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Despite the initial effectiveness of therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, many patients eventually develop resistance. To gain deep insights into the underlying mechanisms, single-cell profiling has been performed to interrogate drug resistance at cell level. Herein, we have built the DRMref database (https://ccsm.uth.edu/DRMref/) to provide comprehensive characterization of drug resistance using single-cell data from drug treatment settings. The current version of DRMref includes 42 single-cell datasets from 30 studies, covering 382 samples, 13 major cancer types, 26 cancer subtypes, 35 treatment regimens and 42 drugs. All datasets in DRMref are browsable and searchable, with detailed annotations provided. Meanwhile, DRMref includes analyses of cellular composition, intratumoral heterogeneity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell-cell interaction and differentially expressed genes in resistant cells. Notably, DRMref investigates the drug resistance mechanisms (e.g. Aberration of Drug's Therapeutic Target, Drug Inactivation by Structure Modification, etc.) in resistant cells. Additional enrichment analysis of hallmark/KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)/GO (Gene Ontology) pathways, as well as the identification of microRNA, motif and transcription factors involved in resistant cells, is provided in DRMref for user's exploration. Overall, DRMref serves as a unique single-cell-based resource for studying drug resistance, drug combination therapy and discovering novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiahao Yi
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Big Data Mining Laboratory, Department of Medical Informatics, School of Big Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tina Li
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kexin Huang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Grant Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fan J, Tang Y, Wang K, Yang S, Ma B. Predictive miRNAs Patterns in Blood of Breast Cancer Patients Demonstrating Resistance Towards Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:591-604. [PMID: 37593370 PMCID: PMC10427486 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s415080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The effect of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (BC) is uncertain. This study attempted to analyze serum microRNAs (miRNAs) in NAC resistant and sensitive BC patients and develop a miRNA-based nomogram model. To further help clinicians make treatment decisions for hormone receptor-positive patients. Methods A total of 110 BC patients with NAC were recruited and assigned in sensitive and resistant group, and 4 sensitive patients and 3 resistant patients were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The functions of their target genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Five BC-related reported miRNAs were selected for expression pattern measurement by RT-qPCR and multivariate logistic analysis. The nomogram model was developed using R 4.0.1, and its predictive efficacy, consistency and clinical application value in development and validation groups were evaluated using ROC, calibration and decision curves. Results There were 44 differentially-expressed miRNAs in resistant BC patients. miR-3646, miR-4741, miR-6730-3p, miR-6831-5p and miR-8485 were candidate for resistance diagnosis in BC. Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that miR-4741 (or = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.08-0.63, P = 0.02) and miR-6831-5p (or = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24-0.78, P = 0.01) were protective factors of BC resistance. The ROC curves showed a sensitivity of 0.884 and 0.750 for miR-4741 and miR-6831-5P as markers of resistance, suggesting that they can be used as independent risk factors for BC resistance. The other 3 miRNAs can be used as calibration factors to establish the risk prediction model of resistance in BC. In risk model, the prediction accuracy of resistance of BC is about 78%. 5-miRNA signature diagnostic models can help clinicians provide personalized treatment for NAC resistance BC patients to improve patient survival. Conclusion MiR-4741 and miR-6831-5p are independent risk factors for breast cancer resistance. This study constructed a nomogram model of NAC resistance in BC based on 5 differentially-expressed serum miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjian Tang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunming Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binlin Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China
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Qu S, Huang X, Guo X, Zheng Z, Wei T, Chen B. Metastasis Related Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signature Predicts Prognosis and Response to Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1651-1663. [PMID: 37305402 PMCID: PMC10257403 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s415521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogenous disease with varying clinical outcomes among patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism underlying cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. However, few EMT-based signatures have been established to predict AML prognosis and treatment efficacy. Methods By conducting comparative RNA-seq analysis, we discovered the differential expression of EMT genes between AML patients with relapse and those without relapse. Based on the prognostic analysis of the differentially expressed EMT genes, a metastasis-related EMT signature (MEMTs) was constructed. An analysis was conducted on both TARGET and TCGA cohorts to explore the possible association between MEMTs and prognosis in AML. Three separate chemotherapy treatment cohorts were utilized to assess the predictive efficacy of MEMTs for chemotherapy response. In addition, the potential correlation between MEMTs and the tumor microenvironment was also investigated. Finally, random forest analysis and functional experiments were conducted to verify the key MEMTs gene associated with AML metastasis. Results Based on expression and prognostic analysis, we constructed MEMTs that include three EMT genes (CDH2, LOX, and COL3A1). Our findings suggested that the MEMTs could act as a prognostic factor for AML patients, and furthermore, it proved to be a predictor of their response to chemotherapy. Specifically, high MEMTs was associated with worse prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy, while low MEMTs was linked to better prognosis and higher response rates. Random forest and functional experiments demonstrate that CDH2 is a key gene promoting leukemia cell metastasis among the three MEMTs genes. Conclusion The identification of MEMTs could potentially act as a predictor for the prognosis and the response to chemotherapy in AML patients. Individual tumor evaluation based on MEMTs could provide personalized treatment options for AML patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Translational Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiannan Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biyun Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Pei JP, Wang Y, Ma LP, Wang X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Jin R, Ren ZQ, Deng Y, Shen JK, Meng T, Yu K. AXL antibody and AXL-ADC mediate antitumor efficacy via targeting AXL in tumor-intrinsic epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor-associated M2-like macrophage. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1290-1303. [PMID: 36650292 PMCID: PMC10203350 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is an emerging driver of cancer recurrence, while its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study we investigated how AXL regulated the disease progression and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We performed AXL transcriptome analysis from TCGA datasets, and found that AXL expression was significantly elevated in NSCLC and TNBC correlating with poor prognosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment (TME). Knockdown of AXL or treatment with two independent AXL antibodies (named anti-AXL and AXL02) all diminished cell migration and EMT in AXL-high expressing NSCLC and TNBC cell lines. In a mouse model of 4T1 TNBC, administration of anti-AXL antibody substantially inhibited lung metastases formation and growth, accompanied by reduced downstream signaling activation, EMT and proliferation index, as well as an increased apoptosis and activated anti-tumor immunity. We found that AXL was abundantly activated in tumor nodule-infiltrated M2-macrophages. A specific anti-AXL antibody blocked bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) M2-polarization in vitro. Targeting of AXL in M2-macrophage in addition to tumor cell substantially suppressed CSF-1 production and eliminated M2-macrophage in TME, leading to a coordinated enhancement in both the innate and adaptive immunity reflecting M1-like macrophages, mature dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells. We generated a novel and humanized AXL-ADC (AXL02-MMAE) employing a site-specific conjugation platform. AXL02-MMAE exerted potent cytotoxicity against a panel of AXL-high expressing tumor cell lines (IC50 < 0.1 nmol/L) and suppressed in vivo growth of multiple NSCLC and glioma tumors (a minimum efficacy dose<1 mg/kg). Compared to chemotherapy, AXL02-MMAE achieved a superior efficacy in regressing large sized tumors, eliminated AXL-H tumor cell-dependent M2-macrophage infiltration with a robust accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and mature dendritic cells. Our results support AXL-targeted therapy for treatment of advanced NSCLC and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan-Ping Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing-Kang Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Qian X, Yang Y, Deng Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Han F, Xu Y, Yuan H. SETDB1 induces lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma cells via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:274. [PMID: 37206551 PMCID: PMC10189757 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase that stimulates cell proliferation by methylating AKT, which contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent widely used in the treatment of MM. However, lenalidomide resistance occurs in patients with MM. Currently, the role of SETDB1 in lenalidomide resistance in MM remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional association between SETDB1 and lenalidomide resistance in MM. The analysis of GEO datasets revealed that SETDB1 was upregulated in lenalidomide-resistant MM cells and that its expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with MM. Apoptosis analysis revealed that overexpression of SETDB1 in MM cells significantly decreased apoptosis, while knockdown of SETDB1 increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the IC50 value of lenalidomide in MM cells increased following SETDB1 overexpression and decreased following SETDB1 silencing. Additionally, SETDB1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in MM cells increased apoptosis, sensitized the cells to lenalidomide and inhibited EMT, whereas SETDB1 overexpression inhibited the effects of PI3K/AKT cascade inhibition. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that SETDB1 promoted lenalidomide resistance in MM cells by promoting EMT and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, SETDB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yingfen Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Hongjian Yuan, Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, 27 Jiankang Road, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
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Liu R, Zhao K, Wang K, Zhang L, Ma W, Qiu Z, Wang W. Prognostic value of nectin-4 in human cancers: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1081655. [PMID: 36937394 PMCID: PMC10020226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many reports have described that abnormal nectin-4 expression may be used as a prognostic marker in many tumors. However, these studies failed to reach a consensus. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of nectin-4 in cancers. Methods Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of science until August 31, 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship between nectin-4 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival/relapse-free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were applied to assess the relationship between nectin-4 expression and clinicopathologic features. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were used to test the reliability of the results. All data analyses were performed using STATA version 12.0 software. Results Fifteen articles involving 2245 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that high nectin-4 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.35-2.28). There was no relationship between high nectin-4 expression and DFS/PFS/RFS (HR: 178, 95% CI: 0.78-4.08).Subgroup analyses revealed that that high nectin-4 expression mainly presented adverse OS in esophageal cancer (EC) (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.30-2.44) and gastric cancer (GC) (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.43-2.58). We also found that high nectin-4 expression was associated with tumor diameter (big vs small) (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02-3.75), tumor stage (III-IV vs I-II) (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01-4.12) and invasion depth (T3+T4 vs T2+T1) (OR: 3.95, 95% CI: 2.06-7.57). Conclusions Nectin-4 can be used as an effective prognostic indicator for specific cancers.
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Mun JY, Baek SW, Jeong MS, Jang IH, Lee SR, You JY, Kim JA, Yang GE, Choi YH, Kim TN, Chu IS, Leem SH. Stepwise molecular mechanisms responsible for chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:450. [DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChemotherapy resistance is an obstacle to cancer therapy and is considered a major cause of recurrence. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical to improving the prognosis of patients. Here, we have established a stepwise gemcitabine-resistant T24 bladder cancer cell line to understand the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance within cancer cells. The characteristics of the stepwise chemoresistance cell line were divided into 4 phases (parental, early, intermediate, and late phases). These four phase cells showed increasingly aggressive phenotypes in vitro and in vivo experiments with increasing phases and revealed the molecular properties of the biological process from parent cells to phased gemcitabine-resistant cell line (GRC). Taken together, through the analysis of gene expression profile data, we have characterized gene set of each phase indicating the response to anticancer drug treatment. Specifically, we identified a multigene signature (23 genes including GATA3, APOBEC3G, NT5E, MYC, STC1, FOXD1, SMAD9) and developed a chemoresistance score consisting of that could predict eventual responsiveness to gemcitabine treatment. Our data will contribute to predicting chemoresistance and improving the prognosis of bladder cancer patients.
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Rimal R, Desai P, Daware R, Hosseinnejad A, Prakash J, Lammers T, Singh S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Origin, function, imaging, and therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114504. [PMID: 35998825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several tumor types and play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance via different mechanisms such as desmoplasia, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and cancer metabolism. Due to their abundance and significance in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, CAF are gaining attention as a diagnostic target as well as to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by their modulation. In this review, we highlight existing imaging techniques that are used for the visualization of CAF and CAF-induced fibrosis and provide an overview of compounds that are known to modulate CAF activity. Subsequently, we also discuss CAF-targeted and CAF-modulating nanocarriers. Finally, our review addresses ongoing challenges and provides a glimpse into the prospects that can spearhead the transition of CAF-targeted therapies from opportunity to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rimal
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prachi Desai
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rasika Daware
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aisa Hosseinnejad
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Section: Engineered Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Park S, Park JM, Park M, Ko D, Kim S, Seo J, Nam KD, Jung E, Farrand L, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Seo JH. β-Escin overcomes trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer by targeting cancer stem-like features. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:289. [PMID: 36127671 PMCID: PMC9490928 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of de novo or intrinsic trastuzumab resistance is exceedingly high in breast cancer that is HER2 positive and correlates with an abundant cancer stem cell (CSC)-like population. We sought to examine the capacity of β-escin, an anti-inflammatory drug, to address trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Methods The effect of β-escin on trastuzumab-resistant and -sensitive cell lines in vitro was evaluated for apoptosis, expression of HER2 family members, and impact on CSC-like properties. An in vivo model of trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 was used to examine the efficacy and toxicity of β-escin. Results β-escin induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased active p18Bax fragmentation, leading to caspase-3/-7 activation. Attenuation of CSC-related features by β-escin challenge was accompanied by marked reductions in CD44high/CD24low stem-like cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity as well as hindrance of mammosphere formation. β-escin administration also significantly retarded tumor growth and angiogenesis in a trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 xenograft model via downregulation of CSC-associated markers and intracellular domain HER2. Importantly, β-escin selectively inhibited malignant cells and was less toxic to normal mammary cells, and no toxic effects were found in liver and kidney function in animals. Conclusions Taken together, our findings highlight β-escin as a promising candidate for the treatment of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02713-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Ko
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dal Nam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Farrand
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Yoon-Jae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lin H, Wang Y, Wang P, Long F, Wang T. Mutual regulation between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and circular RNAs in cancer: impacts on therapeutic resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:148. [PMID: 35843942 PMCID: PMC9290271 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of tumor cells to therapy severely impairs the efficacy of treatment, leading to recurrence and metastasis of various cancers. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic resistance may provide new strategies for overcoming cancer resistance. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotes, and is involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, translation, transport, degradation, stability and processing, thus affecting several physiological processes and cancer progression. As a novel type of multifunctional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play vital roles in anticancer therapy. Currently, accumulating studies have revealed the mutual regulation of m6A modification and circRNAs, and their interaction can further influence the sensitivity of cancer treatment. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent advances of m6A modification and circRNAs in the modulation of cancer therapeutic resistance, as well as their interplay and potential mechanisms, providing promising insights and future directions in reversal of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pinghan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Nandi SK, Pradhan A, Das B, Das B, Basu S, Dutta A, Sarkar DK, Mukhopadhyay A, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhattacharya R. Kaempferol attenuates viability of ex-vivo cultured post-NACT breast tumorexplants through downregulation of p53 induced stemness, inflammation and apoptosis evasion pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Asadirad A, Khodadadi A, Talaiezadeh A, Shohan M, Rashno M, Joudaki N. Evaluation of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p levels in serum-derived exosomes of breast cancer patients in different grades. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 64:101831. [PMID: 35660458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tumor cells have various effects and dominance over other healthy cells. Cancer cells alter the cell program in healthy cells by secreting exosomes containing microRNAs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). They can migrate to distant organs and establish a pre-metastatic niche. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p, both of which are involved in EMT, in breast cancer-derived exosomes of various grades in order to identify new biomarkers involved in breast cancer progression. METHODS In this study, a blood sample was taken from 60 patients with grades I, II, or III breast cancer, as well as twenty healthy individuals as a control group. The exosomes were then purified from serum samples, and their relative expression of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-10b-5p was determined using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS miRNA-21-5p expression was significantly increased in patients with breast cancer grades I, II, and III compared to the control group (p < 0.01), (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001), respectively, as was miRNA-10b-5p expression in patients with breast cancer grades I, II, and III compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that both microRNAs increase as cells lose their differentiation and become more invasive, which is evidence of cancer progression. Hence, both microRNAs may have the potential to be used alone or in combination with other biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Talaiezadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Joudaki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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15
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A Review of Twenty Years of Research on the Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Natural Products in Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113412. [PMID: 35684353 PMCID: PMC9182524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women, and it has become a global health issue due to the increasing number of cases. Different treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and anti-estrogen therapy, aromatase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and anthracyclines, are available for BC treatment. However, due to its high occurrence and disease progression, effective therapeutic options for metastatic BC are still lacking. Considering this scenario, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic strategy to meet the current challenges of BC. Natural products have been screened as anticancer agents as they are cost-effective, possess low toxicity and fewer side effects, and are considered alternative therapeutic options for BC therapy. Natural products showed anticancer activities against BC through the inhibition of angiogenesis, cell migrations, proliferations, and tumor growth; cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptosis and cell death, the downstream regulation of signaling pathways (such as Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and NFAT-MDM2), and the regulation of EMT processes. Natural products also acted synergistically to overcome the drug resistance issue, thus improving their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic option for BC therapy. This review focused on the emerging roles of novel natural products and derived bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents against BC. The present review also discussed the mechanism of action through signaling pathways and the synergistic approach of natural compounds to improve their efficacy. We discussed the recent in vivo and in vitro studies for exploring the overexpression of oncogenes in the case of BC and the current status of newly discovered natural products in clinical investigations.
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16
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Shaikh S, Shaikh J, Naba YS, Doke K, Ahmed K, Yusufi M. Curcumin: reclaiming the lost ground against cancer resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:298-320. [PMID: 35582033 PMCID: PMC9019276 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol, has a wide range of biological properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antitubercular, cardioprotective and neuroprotective. Moreover, the anti-proliferative activities of Curcumin have been widely studied against several types of cancers due to its ability to target multiple pathways in cancer. Although Curcumin exhibited potent anticancer activity, its clinical use is limited due to its poor water solubility and faster metabolism. Hence, there is an immense interest among researchers to develop potent, water-soluble, and metabolically stable Curcumin analogs for cancer treatment. While drug resistance remains a major problem in cancer therapy that renders current chemotherapy ineffective, curcumin has shown promise to overcome the resistance and re-sensitize cancer to chemotherapeutic drugs in many studies. In the present review, we are summarizing the role of curcumin in controlling the proliferation of drug-resistant cancers and development of curcumin-based therapeutic applications from cell culture studies up to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Shaikh
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Javed Shaikh
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Yusufi Sadia Naba
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India
| | - Kailas Doke
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Khursheed Ahmed
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
| | - Mujahid Yusufi
- Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry and Research Center, Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to SPPU), Pune 411001, India.,Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory, Azam Campus, Pune 411001, India
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17
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Peng T, Lin S, Meng Y, Gao P, Wu P, Zhi W, Ding W, Cao C, Wu P. LOXL2 small molecule inhibitor restrains malignant transformation of cervical cancer cells by repressing LOXL2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1827-1841. [PMID: 35509127 PMCID: PMC9359382 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2073047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a member of the lysine oxidase (LOX) family. Although its overexpression is known to play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, its involvement in cervical cancer remains undefined. Here, we comprehensively explored the expression level and functional mechanism of LOXL2 in cervical cancer using bioinformatics and experimental methods. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that LOXL2 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer compared to normal tissues. Enrichment analysis showed that most positively or negatively correlated genes of LOXL2 were correlated with extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further experiments confirmed that overexpression of LOXL2 greatly enhanced the malignant transformation abilities (e.g., proliferation, invasion, and migration) of cervical cancer cells via mediation of EMT. Furthermore, the small molecule inhibitor of LOXL2 ((2-Chloropyridin-4-yl) methanamine hydrochloride) significantly decreased the invasive ability of cervical cancer by reversing the process of LOXL2-induced EMT. In summary, LOXL2 may be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for cervical cancer, and its small molecule inhibitor may be an effective anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shitong Lin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yifan Meng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhua Zhi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Canhui Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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The Mechanisms of lncRNA-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and the Clinical Application Prospects of lncRNAs in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092101. [PMID: 35565231 PMCID: PMC9103444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy failure. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown closely related to the chemoresistance of BC. In this work, the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated MDR in BC were elaborated from eight sections, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we also discuss the clinical significance of lncRNAs, which may be biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease and presents a great threat to female health worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the predominant strategies for the treatment of BC; however, multidrug resistance (MDR) has seriously affected or hindered the effect of chemotherapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have indicated that lncRNAs play vital and varied roles in BC chemoresistance, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although thousands of lncRNAs have been implicated in the chemoresistance of BC, a systematic review of their regulatory mechanisms remains to be performed. In this review, we systematically summarized the mechanisms of MDR and the functions of lncRNAs mediated in the chemoresistance of BC from the latest literature. These findings significantly enhance the current understanding of lncRNAs and suggest that they may be promising prognostic biomarkers for BC patients receiving chemotherapy, as well as therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse chemoresistance.
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19
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Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040747. [PMID: 35203395 PMCID: PMC8870482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
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20
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Li R, Liu R, Wu S, Zheng S, Ye L, Shao Y. Prognostic value of STC1 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2022; 16:253-263. [PMID: 35176895 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The prognostic value of STC1 has been evaluated in solid tumors. However, the results remain controversial. Materials & methods: Relevant studies published up to 27 February 2021 were identified by a comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios with 95% CIs were applied to explore the association between STC1 and survival outcome and clinical characteristics. Results: Sixteen articles involving 2942 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that high STC1 expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (HR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.63-2.24) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival/relapse-free survival (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.34-3.02). Conclusion: STC1 may be an effective prognostic marker in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Foshan hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, China
| | - Shinan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shiyang Zheng
- Department of breast surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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21
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Curcumin as an Enhancer of Therapeutic Efficiency of Chemotherapy Drugs in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042144. [PMID: 35216255 PMCID: PMC8878285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer is the world’s most prevalent cancer in 2020. Chemotherapy still remains a backbone in breast cancer therapy and is crucial in advanced and metastatic breast cancer treatment. The clinical efficiency of chemotherapy regimens is limited due to tumor heterogeneity, chemoresistance, and side effects. Chemotherapeutic drug combinations with natural products hold great promise for enhancing their anticancer efficacy. Curcumin is an ideal chemopreventive and chemotherapy agent owning to its multitargeting function on various regulatory molecules, key signaling pathways, and pharmacological safety. This review aimed to elucidate the potential role of curcumin in enhancing the efficacy of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin via combinational therapy. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemosensitizing activity of these combinations have been addressed. Overall, based on the promising therapeutic potential of curcumin in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs, curcumin is of considerable value to develop as an adjunct for combination chemotherapy with current drugs to treat breast cancer. Furthermore, this topic may provide the frameworks for the future research direction of curcumin–chemotherapy combination studies and may benefit in the development of a novel therapeutic strategy to maximize the clinical efficacy of anticancer drugs while minimizing their side effects in the future breast cancer treatment.
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22
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Extracellular ATP and Macropinocytosis: Their Interactive and Mutually Supportive Roles in Cell Growth, Drug Resistance, and EMT in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 98:61-83. [PMID: 35378703 PMCID: PMC9825817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94004-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is one of the major mechanisms by which cancer cells uptake extracellular nutrients from tumor microenvironment (TME) and plays very important roles in various steps of tumorigenesis. We previously reported the unexpected finding that intratumoral and extracellular ATP (eATP), as one of the major drastically upregulated extracellular nutrients and messengers in tumors, is taken up by cancer cells through macropinocytosis in large quantities and significantly contributing to cancer cell growth, survival, and increased resistance to chemo and target drugs. Inhibition of macropinocytosis substantially reduced eATP uptake by cancer cells and slowed down tumor growth in vivo. More recently, we have found the eATP also plays a very important role in inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that macropinocytosis is an essential facilitator in the induction. Thus, macropinocytosis and eATP, working in coordination, appear to play some previously unrecognized but very important roles in EMT and metastasis. As a result, they are likely to be interactive and communicative with each other, regulating each other's activity for various needs of host tumor cells. They are also likely to be an integral part of the future new anticancer therapeutic strategies. Moreover, it is undoubted that we have not identified all the important activities coordinated by ATP and macropinocytosis. This review describes our findings in how eATP and macropinocytosis work together to promote cancer cell growth, resistance, and EMT. We also list scientific challenges facing eATP research and propose to target macropinocytosis and eATP to reduce drug resistance and slow down metastasis.
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23
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Crosstalk between non-coding RNAs expression profile, drug resistance and immune response in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 176:106041. [PMID: 34952200 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the most critical challenges facing researchers in treating breast cancer. Despite numerous treatments for breast cancer, including conventional chemical drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapeutic drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), many patients resist various approaches. In recent years, the relationship between gene expression profiles and drug resistance phenotypes has attracted much attention. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that have been shown to regulate gene expression and cell transcriptome. Two categories, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have been more considered and studied among these ncRNAs. Studying the role of different ncRNAs in chemical drug resistance and ICI resistance together can be beneficial in selecting more effective treatments for breast cancer. Changing the expression and action mechanism of these regulatory molecules on drug resistance phenotypes is the main topic of this review article.
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24
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Kabakov AE, Gabai VL. HSP70s in Breast Cancer: Promoters of Tumorigenesis and Potential Targets/Tools for Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123446. [PMID: 34943954 PMCID: PMC8700403 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high frequency of breast cancer worldwide and the high mortality among women with this malignancy are a serious challenge for modern medicine. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emergence of metastatic, therapy-resistant breast cancers would help development of novel approaches to better treatment of this disease. The review is dedicated to the role of members of the heat shock protein 70 subfamily (HSP70s or HSPA), mainly inducible HSP70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78 or HSPA5) and GRP75 (HSPA9 or mortalin), in the development and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Various HSP70-mediated cellular mechanisms and pathways which contribute to the oncogenic transformation of mammary gland epithelium are reviewed, as well as their role in the development of human breast carcinomas with invasive, metastatic traits along with the resistance to host immunity and conventional therapeutics. Additionally, intracellular and cell surface HSP70s are considered as potential targets for therapy or sensitization of breast cancer. We also discuss a clinical implication of Hsp70s and approaches to targeting breast cancer with gene vectors or nanoparticles downregulating HSP70s, natural or synthetic (small molecule) inhibitors of HSP70s, HSP70-binding antibodies, HSP70-derived peptides, and HSP70-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Kabakov
- Department of Radiation Biochemistry, A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia;
| | - Vladimir L. Gabai
- CureLab Oncology Inc., Dedham, MA 02026, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-319-7314
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25
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Kim TW, Ko SG. The Herbal Formula JI017 Induces ER Stress via Nox4 in Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121881. [PMID: 34942984 PMCID: PMC8698338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a powerful anti-tumor therapeutic strategy; however, resistance to treatment remains a serious concern. To overcome chemoresistance, combination therapy with anticancer drugs is a potential strategy. We developed a novel herbal extract, JI017, with lower toxicity and lesser side effects. JI017 induced programmed cell death and excessive unfolded protein response through the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium in breast cancer cells. JI017 treatment increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, via the activation of both exosomal GRP78 and cell lysate GRP78. The ROS inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium and N-acetyl cysteine suppressed apoptosis and excessive ER stress by inhibiting Nox4 in JI017-treated breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7R and MDA-MB-231R, a combination of JI017 and paclitaxel overcame paclitaxel resistance by blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, such as the downregulation of E-cadherin expression and the upregulation of HIF-1α, vimentin, Snail, and Slug expression. These findings suggested that JI017 exerts a powerful anti-cancer effect in breast cancer and a combination therapy of JI017 and paclitaxel may be a potential cancer therapy for paclitaxel resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0329; Fax: +82-2-961-1165
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26
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Wu G, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhai Z, An L, Liu M, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Guo Q. Comprehensive Analysis to Identify the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Immune Signatures as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Surg 2021; 8:742443. [PMID: 34722623 PMCID: PMC8554059 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.742443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with the high rates of the morbidity and mortality due to the lack of the effective prognostic model for prediction. Aim: To construct a risk model composed of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related immune genes for the assessment of the prognosis, immune infiltration status, and chemosensitivity. Methods: We obtained the transcriptome and clinical data of the HCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. The Pearson correlation analysis was applied to identify the differentially expressed EMT-related immune genes (DE-EMTri-genes). Subsequently, the univariate Cox regression was introduced to screen out the prognostic gene sets and a risk model was constructed based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-penalized Cox regression. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compare the prognostic value of the newly established model compared with the previous model. Furthermore, the correlation between the risk model and survival probability, immune characteristic, and efficacy of the chemotherapeutics were analyzed by the bioinformatics methods. Results: Six DE-EMTri-genes were ultimately selected to construct the prognostic model. The area under the curve (AUC) values for 1-, 2-, and 3- year were 0.773, 0.721, and 0.673, respectively. Stratified survival analysis suggested that the prognosis of the low-score group was superior to the high-score group. Moreover, the univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that risk score [hazard ratio (HR) 5.071, 95% CI 3.050, 8.432; HR 4.396, 95% CI 2.624, 7.366; p < 0.001] and stage (HR 2.500, 95% CI 1.721, 3.632; HR 2.111, 95% CI 1.443, 3.089; p < 0.001) served as an independent predictive factors in HCC. In addition, the macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. Finally, the patients with the high-risk score might be more sensitive to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, and mitomycin C. Conclusion: We established a reliable EMTri-genes-based prognostic signature, which may hold promise for the clinical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yemao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Zhai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina An
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Fujikawa T, Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Shibata K, Katsuragi N, Koibuchi N, Akazawa K, Kanemoto Y, Kuroyanagi H, Shimazu K, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Periostin Exon-21 Antibody Neutralization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Periostin Regulates Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205072. [PMID: 34680221 PMCID: PMC8533925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite remarkable advances in breast cancer treatment, few strategies other than standard cytotoxic chemotherapy are available for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to the lack of therapeutic target molecules. TNBC is still the most aggressive subtype, with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis within 2 years after initial treatment. Thus, there is an unmet medical need to develop new treatments for metastatic and recurrent TNBC patients. In this study we tested a new antibody, targeting extracellular periostin protein alternative splicing variants, which are induced by conventional chemotherapy or during the process of endothelial mesenchymal transition. This antibody reduced periostin-secreting TNBC in a mouse xenograft model, accompanied by a decrease in the number of M2 tumor-associated macrophages and tumor vessels. Periostin alternative splicing variants might be a specific and safe therapeutic target in patients with TNBC. Abstract Periostin (Pn) is involved in multiple processes of cancer progression. Previously, we reported that Pn expression is correlated with mesenchymal tumor markers and poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the TNBC xenograft model, chemotherapy increased expression of a Pn alternative splicing variant (ASV) with exon 21, and administration of the neutralizing antibody against Pn with exon 21 (Pn-21 Ab) overcame chemoresistance with a reduction in the mesenchymal cancer cell fraction. In the present study, the role of Pn ASV with exon 21 in TNBC progression has been addressed. We first established a stable cell line carrying a fluorescence-based splicing reporter. Pn-positive TNBC has higher expression of genes related to tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and ECM-receptor interaction than Pn-negative cells. In a xenograft model, only Pn-positive cells initiated tumor formation, and the Pn-21 Ab suppressed tumor cell growth, accompanied by decreased M2 TAM polarization and the number of tumor vessels. These data suggest that cancer cell-derived Pn ASV educates TAMs and regulates angiogenesis, which in turn establishes a microenvironmental niche that is supportive of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Naruto Katsuragi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Kaori Akazawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.A.); (Y.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Yuko Kanemoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.A.); (Y.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.A.); (Y.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.F.); (F.S.); (Y.T.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6210-8352; Fax: +81-6-6210-8354
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28
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Ramos A, Sadeghi S, Tabatabaeian H. Battling Chemoresistance in Cancer: Root Causes and Strategies to Uproot Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9451. [PMID: 34502361 PMCID: PMC8430957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With nearly 10 million deaths, cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Along with major key parameters that control cancer treatment management, such as diagnosis, resistance to the classical and new chemotherapeutic reagents continues to be a significant problem. Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance leads to cancer recurrence in many cases that eventually causes failure in the successful treatment and death of cancer patients. Various determinants, including tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment, could cause chemoresistance through a diverse range of mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the key determinants and the underlying mechanisms by which chemoresistance appears. We then describe which strategies have been implemented and studied to combat such a lethal phenomenon in the management of cancer treatment, with emphasis on the need to improve the early diagnosis of cancer complemented by combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
| | - Samira Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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29
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Combined Treatment with Acalabrutinib and Rapamycin Inhibits Glioma Stem Cells and Promotes Vascular Normalization by Downregulating BTK/mTOR/VEGF Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090876. [PMID: 34577576 PMCID: PMC8464793 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median duration of survival of approximately 14 months after diagnosis. High resistance to chemotherapy remains a major problem. Previously, BTK has been shown to be involved in the intracellular signal transduction including Akt/mTOR signaling and be critical for tumorigenesis. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effect of BTK and mTOR inhibition in GBM. We evaluated the viability of GBM cell lines after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin through a SRB staining assay. We then evaluated the effect of both drugs on GBM stem cell-like phenotypes through various in vitro assay. Furthermore, we incubated HUVEC cells with tumorsphere conditioned media and observed their angiogenesis potential, with or without treatment. Finally, we conducted an in vivo study to confirm our in vitro findings and analyzed the effect of this combination on xenograft mice models. Drug combination assay demonstrated a synergistic relationship between acalabrutinib and rapamycin. CSCs phenotypes, including tumorsphere and colony formation with the associated expression of markers of pluripotency are inhibited by either acalabrutinib or rapamycin singly and these effects are enhanced upon combining acalabrutinib and rapamycin. We showed that the angiogenesis capabilities of HUVEC cells are significantly reduced after treatment with acalabrutinib and/or rapamycin. Xenograft tumors treated with both drugs showed significant volume reduction with minimal toxicity. Samples taken from the combined treatment group demonstrated an increased Desmin/CD31 and col IV/vessel ratio, suggesting an increased rate of vascular normalization. Our results demonstrate that BTK-mTOR inhibition disrupts the population of GBM-CSCs and contributes to normalizing GBM vascularization and thus, may serve as a basis for developing therapeutic strategies for chemoresistant/radioresistant GBM.
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30
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2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Regulates the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells by Modulating Cholesterol Homeostasis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080562. [PMID: 34436503 PMCID: PMC8399758 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism affects endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our previous study demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) attenuated EMT by blocking the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway and activating ER stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. To further assess the detailed mechanisms between cholesterol metabolism, ER stress, and EMT, LXR-623 (an agonist of LXRα) and simvastatin were used to increase and decrease cholesterol efflux and synthesis, respectively. Here, we found that high HP-β-CD concentrations could locally increase cholesterol levels in the ER by decreasing LXRα expression and increasing Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) expression in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells, which triggered ER stress and inhibited EMT. Meanwhile, tunicamycin-induced ER stress blocked the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. However, low HP-β-CD concentrations can decrease the level of membrane cholesterol, enhance the TGF-β receptor I levels in lipid rafts, which helped to activate TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, inhibit ER stress and elevate EMT. Based on our findings, the use of high HP-β-CD concentration can lead to cholesterol accumulation in the ER, thereby inducing ER stress, which directly suppresses TGF-β pathway-induced EMT. However, HP-β-CD is proposed to deplete membrane cholesterol at low concentrations and concurrently inhibit ER stress and induce EMT by promoting the TGF-β signaling pathways.
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31
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Punicalagin in Cancer Prevention-Via Signaling Pathways Targeting. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082733. [PMID: 34444893 PMCID: PMC8400644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) has been applied in medicine since ancient times due to its broad-spectrum health-beneficial properties. It is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Anticancer activities of pomegranate with reference to modulated signaling pathways in various cancer diseases have been recently reviewed. However, less is known about punicalagin (Pug), a prevailing compound in pomegranate, seemingly responsible for its most beneficial properties. In this review, the newest data derived from recent scientific reports addressing Pug impact on neoplastic cells are summarized and discussed. Its attenuating effect on signaling circuits promoting cancer growth and invasion is depicted. The Pug-induced redirection of signal-transduction pathways from survival and proliferation into cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy (thus compromising neoplastic progression) is delineated. Considerations presented in this review are based mainly on data obtained from in vitro cell line models and concern the influence of Pug on human cervical, ovarian, breast, lung, thyroid, colorectal, central nervous system, bone, as well as other cancer types.
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32
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Choi HS, Kim YK, Yun PY. Cisplatin Plus Cetuximab Inhibits Cisplatin-Resistant Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Migration and Proliferation but Does Not Enhance Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158167. [PMID: 34360933 PMCID: PMC8348335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is among the most widely used anticancer drugs used in the treatment of several malignancies, including oral cancer. However, cisplatin treatment often promotes chemical resistance, subsequently causing treatment failure. Several studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) play a variety of roles in cancer progression and overcoming cisplatin resistance. Therefore, this study focused on EGFR inhibitors used in novel targeted therapies as a method to overcome this resistance. We herein aimed to determine whether the combined effects of cisplatin and cetuximab could enhance cisplatin sensitivity by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in cisplatin-resistant cells. In vitro analyses of three cisplatin-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, which included cell proliferation assay, combination index calculation, cell cytotoxicity assay, live/dead cell count assay, Western blot assay, propidium iodide staining assay, scratch assay, and qRT-PCR assay were then conducted. Our results showed that a cisplatin/cetuximab combination treatment inhibited cell proliferation, cell motility, and N-cadherin protein expression but induced E-cadherin and claudin-1 protein expression. Although the combination of cisplatin and cetuximab did not induce apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant cells, it may be useful in treating oral cancer patients with cisplatin resistance given that it controls cell motility and EMT-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sim Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.-K.K.)
- Department of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Pil-Young Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.-K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7545
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Kong WY, Ngai SC, Goh BH, Lee LH, Htar TT, Chuah LH. Is Curcumin the Answer to Future Chemotherapy Cocktail? Molecules 2021; 26:4329. [PMID: 34299604 PMCID: PMC8303331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in cancer cases in recent years is an alarming situation worldwide. Despite the tremendous research and invention of new cancer therapies, the clinical outcomes are not always reassuring. Cancer cells could develop several evasive mechanisms for their survivability and render therapeutic failure. The continuous use of conventional cancer therapies leads to chemoresistance, and a higher dose of treatment results in even greater toxicities among cancer patients. Therefore, the search for an alternative treatment modality is crucial to break this viscous cycle. This paper explores the suitability of curcumin combination treatment with other cancer therapies to curb cancer growth. We provide a critical insight to the mechanisms of action of curcumin, its role in combination therapy in various cancers, along with the molecular targets involved. Curcumin combination treatments were found to enhance anticancer effects, mediated by the multitargeting of several signalling pathways by curcumin and the co-administered cancer therapies. The preclinical and clinical evidence in curcumin combination therapy is critically analysed, and the future research direction of curcumin combination therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Thet-Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
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Hu X, Chen W. Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4998-5006. [PMID: 34307550 PMCID: PMC8283607 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The vast majority of patients who have PC develop metastases, resulting in poor treatment effects. Although great progress in therapeutic approaches has been achieved in recent decades, extensive drug resistance still persists, representing a major hurdle to effective anticancer therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the drug resistance mechanisms and develop novel treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. Numerous studies suggest that chemoresistance is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PDAC cells. Thus, this article summarizes the impact of EMT on PDAC from the perspective of chemotherapy resistance and discusses the possible novel applications of EMT inhibition to develop more effective drugs against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
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Dai W, Xiao Y, Tang W, Li J, Hong L, Zhang J, Pei M, Lin J, Liu S, Wu X, Xiang L, Wang J. Identification of an EMT-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:661306. [PMID: 34249086 PMCID: PMC8264558 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.661306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been widely reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with malignant progression in gastric cancer (GC). Integration of the molecules related to EMT for predicting overall survival (OS) is meaningful for understanding the role of EMT in GC. Here, we aimed to establish an EMT-related gene signature in GC. Methods Transcriptional profiles and clinical data of GC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We constructed EMT-related gene signature for predicting OS by using univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to assess its predictive value. A nomogram combining the prognostic signature with clinical characteristics for OS prediction was established. And its predictive power was estimated by concordance index (C-index), time-dependent ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). GSE62254 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used for external validation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detected the mRNA expression of the five EMT-related genes in human normal gastric mucosal and GC cell lines. To further understand the potential mechanisms of the signature, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), pathway enrichment analysis, predictions of transcription factors (TFs)/miRNAs were performed. Results A novel EMT-related gene signature (including ITGAV, DAB2, SERPINE1, MATN3, PLOD2) was constructed for OS prediction of GC. With external validation, ROC curves indicated the signature’s good performance. Patients stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on the signature yielded significantly different prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression suggested that the signature was an independent prognostic variable. Nomogram for prognostication including the signature presented better predictive accuracy and clinical usefulness than the similar model without risk score to some extent with external validation. The qRT-PCR assays suggested that high expression of the five EMT-related genes could be found in human GC cell lines compared with normal gastric mucosal cell line. GSEA and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction might be the two important pathways to the signature. Conclusion Our EMT-related gene signature may have practical application as an independent prognostic factor in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjiao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Ghaderi F, Jokar N, Gholamrezanezhad A, Assadi M, Ahmadzadehfar H. Toward radiotheranostics in cancer stem cells: a promising initial step for tumour eradication. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Du J, Shao Y, Hu Y, Chen Y, Cang J, Chen X, Pei W, Miao F, Shen Y, Muddassir M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Teng G. Multifunctional Liposomes Enable Active Targeting and Twinfilin 1 Silencing to Reverse Paclitaxel Resistance in Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23396-23409. [PMID: 33982563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer, but PTX resistance often occurs in metastatic breast cancer. In addition, due to the poor targeting of chemotherapeutic drugs and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is hard to effectively treat brain metastatic breast cancer using paclitaxel. Thus, it is urgent to develop an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of brain metastatic breast cancer. The current study found that TWF1 gene, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated gene, was overexpressed in brain metastatic breast cancer (231-BR) cells and was associated with the PTX resistance of 231-BR cells. Knockdown of TWF1 by small interference RNA (siRNA) in 231-BR cells could effectively increase the sensitivity of brain metastatic breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Then, a liposome-based drug delivery system was developed for PTX delivery across BBB, enhancing PTX sensitivity and brain metastases targeting via BRBP1 peptide modification. The results showed that BRBP1-modified liposomes could effectively cross the BBB, specifically accumulate in brain metastases, and effectively interfere TWF1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo, and thus they enhanced proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction, thereby inhibiting the formation and growth of brain metastases. In summary, our results indicated that BRBP1-modified and PTX- and TWF1 siRNA-loaded liposomes have the potential for the treatment of brain metastatic breast cancer, which lays the foundation for the development of a new targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Du
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Cang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Soliman KFA. Polyphenols Modulating Effects of PD-L1/PD-1 Checkpoint and EMT-Mediated PD-L1 Overexpression in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051718. [PMID: 34069461 PMCID: PMC8159140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating dietary polyphenolic compounds as antitumor agents are rising due to the growing evidence of the close association between immunity and cancer. Cancer cells elude immune surveillance for enhancing their progression and metastasis utilizing various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) cell phenotype activation. In addition to its role in stimulating normal embryonic development, EMT has been identified as a critical driver in various aspects of cancer pathology, including carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, EMT conversion to another phenotype, Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET), is crucial in developing cancer metastasis. A central mechanism in the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in various cancer types is EMT signaling activation. In breast cancer (BC) cells, the upregulated level of PD-L1 has become a critical target in cancer therapy. Various signal transduction pathways are involved in EMT-mediated PD-L1 checkpoint overexpression. Three main groups are considered potential targets in EMT development; the effectors (E-cadherin and Vimentin), the regulators (Zeb, Twist, and Snail), and the inducers that include members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Meanwhile, the correlation between consuming flavonoid-rich food and the lower risk of cancers has been demonstrated. In BC, polyphenols were found to downregulate PD-L1 expression. This review highlights the effects of polyphenols on the EMT process by inhibiting mesenchymal proteins and upregulating the epithelial phenotype. This multifunctional mechanism could hold promises in the prevention and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Najla O. Zarmouh
- Faculty of Medical Technology-Misrata, Libyan National Board for Technical & Vocational Education, Misrata LY72, Libya;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-3306; Fax: +1-850-599-3667
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Tripathi SK, Biswal BK. SOX9 promotes epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance via targeting β-catenin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Life Sci 2021; 277:119608. [PMID: 33989664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), gefitinib, continues to be a primary treatment option for lung cancer patients. However, acquisition of resistance to gefitinib is a major obstacle in lung cancer treatment and its cause is poorly understood. The present study aimed to implicate the role of SOX9-β-catenin in developed resistance to gefitinib through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer in vitro and ex vivo. MAIN METHODS Expression effect of SOX9 on survivability of lung cancer patients was demonstrated through online available Kaplan-Meier Plotter data base. Then, cell viability assay, colony forming assay, cell migration and invasion assays, flow cytometry, drug efflux assay, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were conducted to confirmed the role of SOX9 in gefitinib resistance in lung cancer cells. Dual-luciferase assay established the regulatory relation between SOX9 and β-catenin. Multicellular spheroid assay further explored that down regulation of SOX9 could reverse gefitinib resistance ex vivo. KEY FINDINGS Kaplan-Meier method correlated the higher expression of SOX9 and β-catenin with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. Upregulation of SOX9 was associated gefitinib resistance with increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, single-cell colony-forming ability, reduced apoptosis, and gefitinib intake in lung cancer cells. Moreover, upregulated SOX9 promoted EMT via targeting β-catenin and knockdown of SOX9 reversed the resistance and EMT phenotype. Similarly, we found that multicellular spheroid of gefitinib resistant cells showed larger surface area with more dispersion and viability of cells, while SOX9 knockdown abolished these induced properties ex vivo. SIGNIFICANCE SOX9 expression could provide an innovative perspective as biomarker to understand the EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Safi A, Bastami M, Delghir S, Ilkhani K, Seif F, Alivand MR. miRNAs Modulate the Dichotomy of Cisplatin Resistance or Sensitivity in Breast Cancer: An Update of Therapeutic Implications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1069-1081. [PMID: 32885760 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200903145939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin has a broad-spectrum antitumor activity and is widely used for the treatment of various malignant tumors. However, acquired or intrinsic resistance of cisplatin is a major problem for patients during the therapy. Recently, it has been reported Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-derived drug resistance is a great challenge of tumor development and recurrence; therefore, the sensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) to cisplatin is of particular importance. Increasing evidence has shown that there is a relationship between cisplatin resistance/sensitivity genes and related miRNAs. It is known that dysregulation of relevant miRNAs plays a critical role in regulating target genes of cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in various pathways such as cellular uptake/efflux, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), hypoxia, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, for providing personalized medicine, can be improved by controlling the expression of miRNAs. Thus, potential targeting of miRNAs can lead to miRNA-based therapies, which will help overcome drug resistance and develop more effective personalized anti-cancer and cotreatment strategies in breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the general understandings of miRNAregulated biological processes in breast cancer, particularly focused on the role of miRNA in cisplatin resistance/ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Safi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Delghir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Alivand
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Datta A, Deng S, Gopal V, Yap KCH, Halim CE, Lye ML, Ong MS, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Insights into Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081882. [PMID: 33919917 PMCID: PMC8070945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, a vital cellular process during metastasis is the transformation of epithelial cells towards motile mesenchymal cells called the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The cytoskeleton is an active network of three intracellular filaments: actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These filaments play a central role in the structural design and cell behavior and are necessary for EMT. During EMT, epithelial cells undergo a cellular transformation as manifested by cell elongation, migration, and invasion, coordinated by actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The actin cytoskeleton is an extremely dynamic structure, controlled by a balance of assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin-binding proteins regulate the process of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Microtubule reorganization also plays an important role in cell migration and polarization. Intermediate filaments are rearranged, switching to a vimentin-rich network, and this protein is used as a marker for a mesenchymal cell. Hence, targeting EMT by regulating the activities of their key components may be a potential solution to metastasis. This review summarizes the research done on the physiological functions of the cytoskeleton, its role in the EMT process, and its effect on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells-highlight some future perspectives in cancer therapy by targeting cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mun Leng Lye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y); Tel.: +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); +65-6516-3294 (C.T.Y.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +65-6778-8161 (C.T.Y.)
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y); Tel.: +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); +65-6516-3294 (C.T.Y.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +65-6778-8161 (C.T.Y.)
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Dai H, Sheng X, Sha R, Peng J, Yang F, Zhou L, Lin Y, Xu Y, Zhang S, Yin W, Lu J. Linc00665 Can Predict the Response to Cisplatin-Paclitaxel Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:604319. [PMID: 33738251 PMCID: PMC7961084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.604319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Linc00665 is a novel long non-coding RNA that can promote the progression of breast cancer, but its value in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer has not been reported. We aim to analyze the correlation between Linc00665 expression and pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods The present study examined the predictive role of Linc00665 expression in pCR after NAC using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were utilized to evaluate the performance of Linc00665 in predicting pCR. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were also conducted to determine the biological processes where Linc00665 may participate in. Results The present study study totally enrolled 102 breast cancer patients. The univariate analysis showed that Linc00665 level, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and hormone receptor (HR) status were correlated with pCR. The multivariate analysis showed that Linc00665 expression was an independent predictor of pCR (OR = 0.351, 95% CI: 0.125–0.936, P = 0.040), especially in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative subtype (OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.104–0.664, P = 0.005). The KEGG analysis indicated that Linc00665 may be involved in drug metabolism. The GSEA analysis revealed that Linc00665 is correlated to DNA damage repair. Conclusion Linc00665 may be a potential novel predictive biomarker for breast cancer in NAC, especially for HR-positive/HER2-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Sha
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Impact of Selected Signaling Proteins on SNAIL 1 and SNAIL 2 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines in Relation to Cells' Cisplatin Resistance and EMT Markers Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020980. [PMID: 33478150 PMCID: PMC7835952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that SNAIL1 and SNAIL2, as major EMT-inducers, might also be involved in drug resistance of cancer cells. We sought to determine a relation between SNAIL1/2, E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression, as well as ovarian cancer cells’ resistance to cisplatin and EMT markers’ level. Thus, four ovarian cancer cell lines, were used: A2780, A2780cis, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3. We assessed the impact of ERK1/2, AKT and STAT3 proteins (chosen by the profiling activity of over 40 signaling proteins) on SNAIL1/2 expression, along with E-cadherin and N-cadherin levels. We showed that expression of SNAIL1 and N-cadherin are the highest in cisplatin-resistant A2780cis and SK-OV-3 cells, while high SNAIL2 and E-cadherin levels were observed in cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells. The highest E-cadherin level was noticed in OVCAR-3 cells. SNAIL1/2 expression was dependent on ERK1/2 activity in cisplatin-resistant and potentially invasive SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. STAT-3 regulates expression of SNAIL1/2 and leads to the so-called “cadherin switch” in cancer cells, independently of their chemoresistance. In conclusion, SNAIL1, but not SNAIL2, seems to be involved in ovarian cancer cells’ cisplatin resistance. STAT3 is a universal factor determining the expression of SNAIL1/2 in ovarian cancer cells regardless of their chemoresitance or invasive capabilities.
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Bogdanovic A, Despotovic J, Galun D, Bidzic N, Nikolic A, Rosic J, Krivokapic Z. Prognostic Significance of CDH1, FN1 and VIM for Early Recurrence in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastasis After Liver Resection. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:163-171. [PMID: 33469360 PMCID: PMC7810589 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s287974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There are limited data on expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The study aim was to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of E-cadherin (CDH1), fibronectin (FN1) and vimentin (VIM) in patients with CRLM after curative-intent liver resection. Patients and Methods Thirty patients with CRLM managed by curative-intent liver resection were included in this prospective pilot study. Blood samples, colorectal liver metastases and surrounding non-tumor liver tissue were collected. Expression of CDH1, FN1 and VIM was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression in CRLM and non-tumor liver tissue was compared, while expression in serum was correlated with CRLM expression. One-year recurrence-free survival was compared between patients with low and high CDH1, FN1 and VIM expression. Results The expression of CDH1 was similar in CRLM and non-tumor liver tissues, while FN1 and VIM expression was significantly lower in metastatic tissue (P=0.003 and pP<0.001, respectively). Serum expression of CDH1 and VIM was detected in 66.7% and 93.3% of patients, respectively, while FN1 was not detected in any of the patients. The correlation of CDH1 and VIM expression between CRLM and serum was not statistically significant. Decreased CDH1 expression in CRLM and decreased VIM expression in serum were associated with early recurrence after surgical treatment of CRLM. Conclusion Lower expression of CDH1 in CRLM and lower serum expression of VIM were found to be associated with early recurrence after liver resection for CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Bogdanovic
- HPB Unit, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Despotovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Danijel Galun
- HPB Unit, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Bidzic
- HPB Unit, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rosic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Zoran Krivokapic
- HPB Unit, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
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45
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Jiang H, Li W, Chen L, Zhu W, Xian Y, Han Z, Yin L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pan K, Zhang K. FOXM1/DVL2/Snail axis drives metastasis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24424-24440. [PMID: 33291076 PMCID: PMC7762457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Metastasis and chemoresistance are regarded as the two leading causes of treatment failure and high mortality in CRC. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) has been involved in malignant behaviors of cancer. However, the role and mechanism of FOXM1 in simultaneously regulating metastasis and chemoresistance of CRC remain poorly understood. Here, we found that FOXM1 was overexpressed in oxaliplatin- and vincristine-resistant CRC cells (HCT-8/L-OHP and HCT-8/VCR) with enhanced metastatic potential, compared with HCT-8 cells. FOXM1 overexpression increased migration, invasion and drug-resistance to oxaliplatin and vincristine in HCT-8 cells, while FOXM1 knockdown using shFOXM1 impaired metastasis and drug-resistance in HCT-8/L-OHP and HCT-8/VCR cells. Moreover, FOXM1 up-regulated Snail to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like molecular changes and multidrug-resistance protein P-gp expression, while silencing Snail inhibited FOXM1-induced metastasis and drug-resistance. We further identified that disheveled-2 (DVL2) was crucial for FOXM1-induced Snail expression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Furthermore, FOXM1 bound to DVL2, and enhanced nuclear translocation of DVL2 and DVL2-mediated transcriptional activity of Wnt/β-catenin known to induce Snail expression. In conclusion, FOXM1/DVL2/Snail axis triggered aggressiveness of CRC. Blocking FOXM1/DVL2/Snail pathway simultaneously inhibited metastasis and chemoresistance in CRC cells, providing a new strategy for successful CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hequn Jiang
- First Afflicted Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Chen
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanglong Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xian
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- First Afflicted Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejian Pan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Lee C, Ryu HW, Kim S, Kim M, Oh SR, Ahn KS, Park J. Verminoside from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum sensitizes cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and suppresses metastatic growth of human breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20337. [PMID: 33230126 PMCID: PMC7683595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is associated with a high mortality rate. The majority of deaths resulting from breast cancer are attributable to metastatic growth; in addition, chemoresistance is a major concern in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, limited drugs are available for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, the chemoadjuvant effects of a methanolic extract from the leaves of Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum (NC13) and an active component isolated from the plant, verminoside (Vms), were evaluated. Furthermore, their potent anti-metastatic activities were validated in vitro and in vivo in animal models. The anti-metastatic and chemosensitizing activities of NC13 and Vms on cisplatin treatment were found to be partly mediated by suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Collectively, our results implied that NC13 and its bioactive component Vms could be developed as effective chemoadjuvants in combination with conventional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Building #110, Rm 501-7, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Building #110, Rm 501-7, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Building #110, Rm 501-7, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Building #110, Rm 501-7, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Vargas JE, Puga R, Lenz G, Trindade C, Filippi-Chiela E. Cellular Mechanisms Triggered by the Cotreatment of Resveratrol and Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer: A Translational In Vitro-In Silico Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5432651. [PMID: 33204396 PMCID: PMC7654215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5432651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. However, resistance to Doxo is common. Adjuvant compounds capable of modulating mechanisms involved in Doxo resistance may potentiate the effectiveness of the drug. Resveratrol (Rsv) has been tested as an adjuvant in mammary malignancies. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cotreatment with Doxo and Rsv in breast cancer are poorly understood. Here, we combined in vitro and in silico analysis to characterize these mechanisms. In vitro, we employed a clinically relevant experimental design consisting of acute (24 h) treatment followed by 15 days of analysis. Acute Rsv potentiated the long-lasting effect of Doxo through the induction of apoptosis and senescence. Cells that survived to the cotreatment triggered high levels of autophagy. Autophagy inhibition during its peak of activation but not concomitant with Doxo+Rsv increased the long-term toxicity of the cotreatment. To uncover key proteins potentially associated with in vitro effects, an in silico multistep strategy was implemented. Chemical-protein networks were predicted based on constitutive gene expression of MCF7 cells and interatomic data from breast cancer. Topological analysis, KM survival analysis, and a quantitative model based on the connectivity between apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy were performed. We found seven putative genes predicted to be modulated by Rsv in the context of Doxo treatment: CCND1, CDH1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, PTPN11, and RPS6KB1. Six out of these seven genes have been experimentally proven to be modulated by Rsv in cancer cells, with 4 of the 6 genes in MCF7 cells. In conclusion, acute Rsv potentiated the long-term toxicity of Doxo in breast cancer potentially through the modulation of genes and mechanisms involved in Doxo resistance. Rational autophagy inhibition potentiated the effects of Rsv+Doxo, a strategy that should be further tested in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jin YM, Ye Y, Bao WQ, Tong Y, Ni SB, Liu JP, Zhao B. CACNA1B facilitates breast cancer cell growth and migration by regulating cyclin D1 and EMT: the implication of CACNA1B in breast cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 42:1-8. [PMID: 33100116 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1837871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study mainly aimed to explore the influences of Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 B (CACNA1B) on the development of breast cancer and the related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of patients with breast cancer from TCGA database was used for analyses of CACNA1B expression and its prognostic value. Loss- and gain- of functions of CACNA1B were conducted in MCF7 and Bcap-37 cells, respectively. CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays were applied for evaluating the cell viability and motility. Western blot was used for protein expression detection. RESULTS We revealed that highly expressed CACNA1B in breast cancer tissues was related to poor prognosis according to the data gained from TCGA database. The outcomes of functional assays showed that depletion of CACNA1B restrained MCF7 cell growth, invasion and migration and high-expression of CACNA1B fortified the growth, invasion and migration in Bcap-37 cells. Finally, we manifested that silencing CACNA1B obviously raised the protein expression level of E-cadherin and reduced the protein levels of Cyclin D1, N-cadherin and Snail in MCF7 cells, whilst, over-expression of CACNA1B reduced the level of E-cadherin and increased the expression of Cyclin D1, N-cadherin and Snail in Bcap-37 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results identified CACNA1B as a forwarder of the growth, invasion and migration in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Bao
- Gallbladder Diseases Center, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Bin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
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50
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Imaoka H, Ikeda M, Maehara K, Umemoto K, Ozaka M, Kobayashi S, Terashima T, Inoue H, Sakaguchi C, Tsuji K, Shioji K, Okamura K, Kawamoto Y, Suzuki R, Shirakawa H, Nagano H, Ueno M, Morizane C, Furuse J. Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:946. [PMID: 33004032 PMCID: PMC7529509 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated carcinoma (UC) of the pancreas is a rare subtype of pancreatic cancer. Although UC has been considered a highly aggressive malignancy, no clinical studies have addressed the efficacy of chemotherapy for unresectable UC. Therefore, we conducted multicenter retrospective study to investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with UC of the pancreas. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at 17 institutions in Japan between January 2007 and December 2017. A total of 50 patients treated with chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) in UC patients treated with chemotherapy was 4.08 months. The details of first-line chemotherapy were as follows: gemcitabine (n = 24), S-1 (n = 12), gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (n = 6), and other treatment (n = 8). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.61 months in the gemcitabine group, 2.96 months in the S-1 group, and 4.60 months in the gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel group. Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel significantly improved PFS compared with gemcitabine (p = 0.014). The objective response rate (ORR) was 4.2% in the gemcitabine group, 0.0% in the S-1 group, and 33.3% in the gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel group. Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel also showed a significantly higher ORR compared with both gemcitabine and S-1 (gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel vs. gemcitabine: p = 0.033; gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel vs. S-1: p = 0.034). A paclitaxel-containing first-line regimen significantly improved OS compared with a non-paclitaxel-containing regimen (6.94 months vs. 3.75 months, respectively; p = 0.041). After adjustment, use of a paclitaxel-containing regimen in any line was still an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio for OS, 0.221; 95% confidence interval, 0.076-0.647; p = 0.006) in multiple imputation by chained equation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that a paclitaxel-containing regimen would offer relatively longer survival, and it is considered a reasonable option for treating patients with unresectable UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imaoka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maehara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Umemoto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St.Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Ozaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Inoue
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shioji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiya Okamura
- Division of Pancreato-Biliary Section, Department of Gastroenterology, JA Sapporo Kohsei Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawamoto
- Division of Cancer Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shirakawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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