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Hasibuan PAZ, Simanjuntak Y, Hey-Hawkins E, Lubis MF, Rohani AS, Park MN, Kim B, Syahputra RA. Unlocking the potential of flavonoids: Natural solutions in the fight against colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116827. [PMID: 38850646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding the diverse molecular and genetic underpinnings of CRC to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review delves into the adenoma-carcinoma-metastasis model, emphasizing the "APC-KRAS-TP53" signature events in CRC development. CRC is categorized into four consensus molecular subtypes, each characterized by unique genetic alterations and responses to therapy, illustrating its complexity and heterogeneity. Furthermore, we explore the role of chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome in CRC progression, emphasizing the potential of targeting these factors for prevention and treatment. This review discusses the impact of dietary carcinogens and lifestyle factors and the critical role of early detection in improving outcomes, and also examines conventional chemotherapy options for CRC and associated challenges. There is significant focus on the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for CRC management, discussing various types of flavonoids, their sources, and mechanisms of action, including their antioxidant properties, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. This article presents evidence of the synergistic effects of flavonoids with conventional cancer therapies and their role in modulating the gut microbiome and immune response, thereby offering new avenues for CRC treatment. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to CRC research and treatment, incorporating insights from genetic, molecular, and lifestyle factors. Further research is needed on the preventive and therapeutic potential of natural compounds, such as flavonoids, in CRC, underscoring the need for personalized and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogi Simanjuntak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Muhammad Fauzan Lubis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Ade Sri Rohani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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2
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Wei X, Wang F, Tan P, Huang H, Wang Z, Xie J, Wang L, Liu D, Hu Z. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota in cancers: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107148. [PMID: 38522760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, known as the "forgotten organ" and "human second genome," comprises a complex microecosystem. It significantly influences the development of various tumors, including colorectal, liver, stomach, breast, and lung cancers, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms include the "gut-liver" axis, the "lung-intestine" axis, and interactions with the immune system. The intestinal flora exhibits dual roles in cancer, both promoting and suppressing its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can alter cancer progression by regulating the intestinal flora. It modifies the intestinal flora's composition and structure, along with the levels of endogenous metabolites, thus affecting the intestinal barrier, immune system, and overall body metabolism. These actions contribute to TCM's significant antitumor effects. Moreover, the gut microbiota metabolizes TCM components, enhancing their antitumor properties. Therefore, exploring the interaction between TCM and the intestinal flora offers a novel perspective in understanding TCM's antitumor mechanisms. This paper succinctly reviews the association between gut flora and the development of tumors, including colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, and lung cancers. It further examines current research on the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora, with a focus on its antitumor efficacy. It identifies limitations in existing studies and suggests recommendations, providing insights into antitumor drug research and exploring TCM's antitumor effectiveness. Additionally, this paper aims to guide future research on TCM and the gut microbiota in antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Lu JQ, Luo ZY, Sun C, Wang SM, Sun D, Huang RJ, Yang X, Ding Y, Wang G. Baicalin administration could rescue high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation by regulating neural crest development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1295356. [PMID: 38515837 PMCID: PMC10955141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1295356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital disorders, but little is known about craniofacial skeleton malformation and its corresponding medication. Our study first used meta-analysis to review the previous findings. Second, baicalin, an antioxidant, was chosen to counteract high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation. Its effectiveness was then tested by exposing chicken embryos to a combination of high glucose (HG, 50 mM) and 6 μM baicalin. Third, whole-mount immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization revealed that baicalin administration could reverse HG-inhibited neural crest cells (NCC) delamination and migration through upregulating the expression of Pax7 and Foxd3, and mitigate the disordered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by regulating corresponding adhesion molecules and transcription factors (i.e., E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cadherin 6B, Slug and Msx1). Finally, through bioinformatic analysis and cellular thermal shift assay, we identified the AKR1B1 gene as a potential target. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalin could be used as a therapeutic agent for high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyang Sun
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Miao Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dixiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Mengyin County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Wang L, Li M, Gu Y, Shi J, Yan J, Wang X, Li B, Wang B, Zhong W, Cao H. Dietary flavonoids-microbiota crosstalk in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109494. [PMID: 37866426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third leading cancer and commonly develops from chronic intestinal inflammation. A strong association was found between gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation and carcinogenic risk. Flavonoids, which are abundant in vegetables and fruits, can inhibit inflammation, regulate gut microbiota, protect gut barrier integrity, and modulate immune cell function, thereby attenuating colitis and preventing carcinogenesis. Upon digestion, about 90% of flavonoids are transported to the colon without being absorbed in the small intestine. This phenomenon increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbe further metabolizes these flavonoids. Interestingly, some metabolites of flavonoids play crucial roles in anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects. This review summarizes the modulatory effect of flavonoids on gut microbiota and their metabolism by intestinal microbe under disease conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, colitis-associated cancer (CAC), and CRC. We focus on dietary flavonoids and microbial interactions in intestinal mucosal barriers as well as intestinal immune cells. Results provide novel insights to better understand the crosstalk between dietary flavonoids and gut microbiota and support the standpoint that dietary flavonoids prevent intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China; Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
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Wang J, Wu Z, Peng J, You F, Ren Y, Li X, Xiao C. Multiple roles of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1264418. [PMID: 38375035 PMCID: PMC10875017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1264418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide, and despite advances in treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains in the top three for mortality due to several issues, including drug resistance and low efficiency. There is increasing evidence that baicalin and baicalein, novel small molecule inhibitor extracts of the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, have better anti-colorectal cancer effects and are less likely to induce drug resistance in cancer cells. The present review article explains the anti-proliferative properties of baicalin and baicalein in the context of against CRC. Additionally, it explores the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds modulate diverse signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this review article highlights the inhibitory effect of colorectal inflammatory-cancer transformation and the near-term therapeutic strategy of using them as adjuvant agents in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Ren
- Oncology Teaching and Research Department of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueke Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Oncology Teaching and Research Department of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Oncology Teaching and Research Department of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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6
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Zheng Y, Yang K, Shen J, Chen X, He C, Xiao P. Huangqin Tea Total Flavonoids-Gut Microbiota Interactions: Based on Metabolome and Microbiome Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4410. [PMID: 38137214 PMCID: PMC10742805 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huangqin tea (HQT), a Non-Camellia Tea derived from the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, is widely used in the north of China. The intervention effects of HQT on intestinal inflammation and tumors have been found recently, but the active ingredient and mechanism of action remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between the potential flavonoid active components and gut microbiota through culture experiments in vitro combined with HPLC-UV, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The results showed that the HQT total flavonoids were mainly composed of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, and others, which interact closely with gut microbiota. After 48 h, the primary flavonoid glycosides transformed into corresponding aglycones with varying degrees of deglycosylation. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was changed significantly. The beneficial bacteria, such as Enterococcus and Parabacteroides, were promoted, while the harmful bacteria, such as Shigella, were inhibited. The functional prediction results have indicated notable regulatory effects exerted by total flavonoids and scutellarin on various pathways, including purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, among others, to play a role in the intervention of inflammation and tumor-related diseases. These findings provided valuable insights for further in-depth research and investigation of the active ingredients, metabolic processes, and mechanisms of HQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Long D, Mao C, Zhang Z, Zou J, Zhu Y. Visual analysis of colorectal cancer and gut microbiota: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35727. [PMID: 37933041 PMCID: PMC10627710 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current body of research exploring the relationship between CRC and GM is vast. Nevertheless, bibliometric studies in this area have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the hotspots and frontiers of research on GM and CRC in the past 20 years, which may provide a reference for researchers in this field. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications on CRC and GM from 2002 to 2022. The scientometric softwares CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visually analyze the countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords involved in the literature. Keywords co-occurrence, cluster, and burst analysis were utilized to further explore the current state and development trends of research on GM and CRC. A total of 2158 publications were included in this study, with a noticeably rising annual publication trend. The majority of these papers are from 80 nations, primarily China and the USA. J Yu was the most active author and WS Garrett has the highest citation. Among all institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of papers. Most of the publications were published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, with Science being the most frequently cited journal. The 4 main clusters mainly involved probiotics, inflammation, molecular mechanisms, and research methods. Current research hotspots included "Fusobacterium nucleatum," "Escherichia coli," etc. Newly emerging research has focused predominantly on immune response, gene expression, and recent strategies for the treatment of CRC with GM. The relationship between GM and CRC will continue to be a hot research area. Changes in the composition of GM in patients with CRC, the potential molecular mechanisms as well as probiotics and natural products used in the treatment of CRC have been the focus of current research and hotspots for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhang
- The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjun Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gade A, Kumar MS. Gut microbial metabolites of dietary polyphenols and their potential role in human health and diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:695-718. [PMID: 37653220 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols contribute as one of the largest groups of compounds among all the phytochemicals. Common sources of dietary polyphenols are vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals, whole grains, etc. Owing to their original form, they are difficult to get absorbed. Dietary polyphenols after undergoing gut microbial metabolism form bioaccessible and effective metabolites. Polyphenols and derived metabolites are all together a diversified group of compounds exhibiting pharmacological activities against cardiovascular, cancer, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and bacterial diseases. The formed metabolites are sometimes even more bioavailable and efficacious than the parent polyphenols. Studies on gut microbial metabolism of dietary polyphenols have introduced new approach for the use of polyphenol-rich food in the form of supplementary diet. This review provides insights on various aspects including classification of polyphenols, gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of polyphenols, chemistry of polyphenol metabolism, and pharmacological actions of gut microbial metabolites of polyphenols. It also suggests the use of polyphenols from marine source for the microbial metabolism studies. Till date, gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from terrestrial sources is extensively studied as compared to marine polyphenols. Marine ecosystem is a profound but partially explored source of phytoconstituents. Among them, edible seaweeds contain high concentration of polyphenols, especially phlorotannins. Hence, microbial metabolism studies of seaweeds can unravel the pharmacological potential of marine polyphenol-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Gade
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - Maushmi S Kumar
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India.
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9
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Liu H, Liu H, Zhou Z, Chung J, Zhang G, Chang J, Parise RA, Chu E, Schmitz JC. Scutellaria baicalensis enhances 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37337282 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyridine-based chemotherapy remains the most widely used treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which the natural product Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang Qin; HQ) and one of its main components baicalin enhanced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) antitumor activity against CRC. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, immunoblot analysis, and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of HQ and its active components on growth of CRC cells. HQ exhibited in vitro antiproliferative activity against drug resistant human CRC cells, against human and mouse CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds and normal human colon epithelial cells. In vivo animal models were used to document the antitumor activity of HQ and baicalin. The mechanism of growth inhibitory activity of HQ is due to inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways including the CDK-RB pathway. In addition, HQ enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-FU and capecitabine in vivo. Furthermore, we identified baicalin as an active component of HQ. The combination of baicalin and 5-FU demonstrated synergistic activity against 5-FU-resistant RKO-R10 cells. The combination significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth greater than each treatment alone. RPPA results showed that the signaling pathway alterations in CRC cells were similar following HQ and baicalin treatment. Together, these results indicate that HQ and its component baicalin enhance the effect of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of CDK-RB pathway. These findings may provide the rational basis for developing agents that can overcome the development of cellular drug resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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10
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Jafari B, Reza Bahrami A, Matin MM. Targeted bacteria-mediated therapy of mouse colorectal cancer using baicalin, a natural glucuronide compound, and E. coli overexpressing β-glucuronidase. Int J Pharm 2023:123099. [PMID: 37271252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The side effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs that damage healthy tissues account for one of the most important problems in cancer research that needs careful addressing. Bacterial-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (BDEPT) is a promising strategy that uses bacteria to direct a converting enzyme to the tumor site and activate a systemically injected prodrug selectively within the tumor; so that the side effects of the therapy would significantly decrease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of baicalin, a natural compound, as a glucuronide prodrug in association with an engineered strain of Escherichia coli DH5α harboring the pRSETB-lux/βG plasmid in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. E. coli DH5α-lux/βG was designed to emit luminescence and overexpress the β-glucuronidase. Unlike the non-engineered bacteria, E. coli DH5α-lux/βG showed the ability to activate baicalin, and the cytotoxic effects of baicalin on the C26 cell line were increased in the presence of E. coli DH5α-lux/βG. Analyzing the tissue homogenates of mice bearing C26 tumors inoculated with E. coli DH5α-lux/βG indicated the specific accumulation and multiplication of bacteria in the tumor tissues. While both baicalin and E. coli DH5α-lux/βG could inhibit tumor growth as monotherapy, an enhanced inhibition was observed when animals were subjected to combination therapy. Moreover, no significant side effects were observed after histological investigation. The results of this study indicate that baicalin has the capability of being used as a suitable prodrug in the BDEPT, however further research is required before it can be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Jafari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Agena R, Cortés-Sánchez ADJ, Hernández-Sánchez H, Álvarez-Salas LM, Martínez-Rodríguez OP, García VHR, Jaramillo Flores ME. Pro-Apoptotic Activity and Cell Cycle Arrest of Caulerpa sertularioides against SKLU-1 Cancer Cell in 2D and 3D Cultures. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114361. [PMID: 37298837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with the highest mortality and morbidity rate worldwide. First-line drugs induce several side effects that drastically reduce the quality of life of people with this disease. Finding molecules to prevent it or generate less aggressiveness or no side effects is significant to counteract this problem. Therefore, this work searched for bioactive compounds of marine macroalgae as an alternative treatment. An 80% ethanol extract of dried Caulerpa sertularioides (CSE) was analyzed by HPLS-MS to identify the chemical components. CSE was utilized through a comparative 2D versus 3D culture model. Cisplatin (Cis) was used as a standard drug. The effects on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and tumor invasion were evaluated. The IC50 of CSE for the 2D model was 80.28 μg/mL versus 530 μg/mL for the 3D model after 24 h of treatment exposure. These results confirmed that the 3D model is more resistant to treatments and complex than the 2D model. CSE generated a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induced apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, upregulated caspases-3 and -7, and significantly decreased tumor invasion of a 3D SKLU-1 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. CSE generates biochemical and morphological changes in the plasma membrane and causes cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. These findings conclude that C. sertularioides is a potential candidate for alternative treatment against lung cancer. This work reinforced the use of complex models for drug screening and suggested using CSE's primary component, caulerpin, to determine its effect and mechanism of action on SKLU-1 in the future. A multi-approach with molecular and histological analysis and combination with first-line drugs must be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette Agena
- Ingeniería Bioquímica-Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Hernández-Sánchez
- Ingeniería Bioquímica-Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Luis Marat Álvarez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Pablo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Ingeniería Bioquímica-Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Rosales García
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo Flores
- Ingeniería Bioquímica-Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB)-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
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12
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Kwon C, Ediriweera MK, Kim Cho S. Interplay between Phytochemicals and the Colonic Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081989. [PMID: 37111207 PMCID: PMC10145007 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in food ingredients with a variety of health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals improve host health through their direct systematic absorption into the circulation and modulation of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota increases the bioactivity of phytochemicals and is a symbiotic partner whose composition and/or diversity is altered by phytochemicals and affects host health. In this review, the interactions of phytochemicals with the gut microbiota and their impact on human diseases are reviewed. We describe the role of intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and vitamins, from a therapeutic perspective. Next, phytochemical metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the therapeutic effect of some selected metabolites are reviewed. Many phytochemicals are degraded by enzymes unique to the gut microbiota and act as signaling molecules in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and metabolic pathways. Phytochemicals can ameliorate diseases by altering the composition and/or diversity of the gut microbiota, and they increase the abundance of some gut microbiota that produce beneficial substances. We also discuss the importance of investigating the interactions between phytochemicals and gut microbiota in controlled human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chohee Kwon
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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13
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Morshed AKMH, Paul S, Hossain A, Basak T, Hossain MS, Hasan MM, Hasibuzzaman MA, Rahaman TI, Mia MAR, Shing P, Sohel M, Bibi S, Dey D, Biswas P, Hasan MN, Ming LC, Tan CS. Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072128. [PMID: 37046789 PMCID: PMC10093079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein’s anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Helal Morshed
- Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Supti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Basak
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sanower Hossain
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Al Hasibuzzaman
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pollob Shing
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Bioscience, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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14
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Santin (5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,4'-Trimetoxy-Flavone) Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020592. [PMID: 36836951 PMCID: PMC9962120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) has the ability to selectively kill cancer cells without being toxic to normal cells. This endogenous ligand plays an important role in surveillance and anti-tumor immunity. However, numerous tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, the apoptotic effect of santin in combination with TRAIL on colon cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and expression of death receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by DePsipher staining with the use of fluorescence microscopy. We have shown for the first time that flavonoid santin synergizes with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Santin induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through increased expression of death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and augmented disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. The obtained data may indicate the potential role of santin in colon cancer chemoprevention through the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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15
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Zhang NN, Jiang ZM, Li SZ, Yang X, Liu EH. Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175557. [PMID: 36716810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests gut microbiota status affects human health, and microbiota imbalance will induce multiple disorders. Natural products are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutical effects and less side effects. The emerging studies support that the activities of many natural products are dependent on gut microbiota, meanwhile gut microbiota is modulated by natural products. In this review, we summarized the interplay between the gut microbiota and host disease, and the emerging molecular mechanisms of the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota. Focusing on gut microbiota metabolite of various natural products, and the effects of natural products on gut microbiota, we summarized the biotransformation pathways of natural products, and discussed the effect of natural products on the composition modulation of gut microbiota, protection of gut mucosal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota metabolites. Dissecting the interplay between gut microbiota and natural products will help elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Baicalin-Loaded Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Inhibiting the Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer: Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030598. [PMID: 36771901 PMCID: PMC9920659 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work is focused on pharmacokinetic and biochemical experiments to assess baicalin-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) with colon-targeting specificity. The nanoprecipitation method was used to develop the LPHNPs, and the characterized formulation revealed the 184.3 nm particle size, PDI of 0.177, spherical shape, and zeta potential of -19.8 mV. The baicalin LPHNPs are said to be poorly absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, and in vitro drug release tests have shown that the drug is released mostly in the caecal fluid. Additionally, the LPHNPs showed stability and nonsignificant drug loss at 25 °C for 3 months. The least viable population of baicalin-loaded LPHNPs was detected at a lower IC50 value after 48 h, and no cytotoxicity was observed by blank suspension and blank LPHNPs up to the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Apart from this, the pharmacokinetics study showed that baicalin from LPHNPs is much less absorbed and least available in the blood plasma and maximum available in the colon. Concurrently, organ distribution studies demonstrated that baicalin-loaded LPHNPs were distributed more widely in the colon compared to baicalin suspension. Moreover, baicalin-loaded LPHNPs were found to be superior to a baicalin suspension in reducing elevated liver enzyme levels. In a nutshell, baicalin-loaded LPHNPs show superior efficacy and can be maximally localized into the colon rectal cancer along with systemic availability of the drug.
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17
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Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Components from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031954. [PMID: 36768278 PMCID: PMC9916177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), an herbal medicine with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities, is effective in treatment of colitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, respiratory infections, and allergic diseases. This herbal medicine consists of major active substances, such as baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being the main types. IBD can lead to serious complications, such as increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common cancers worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for IBD, and its incidence has been increasing over the past few decades. This review comprehensively summarizes the efficacy of SBG in IBD and CRC and may serve as a reference for future research and development of drugs for IBD and cancer treatment.
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Islam MR, Akash S, Rahman MM, Nowrin FT, Akter T, Shohag S, Rauf A, Aljohani AS, Simal-Gandara J. Colon cancer and colorectal cancer: Prevention and treatment by potential natural products. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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Yang S, Hao S, Wang Q, Lou Y, Jia L, Chen D. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota: Global research status and trends. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1005730. [PMID: 36171760 PMCID: PMC9510645 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a crosstalk between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and gut microbiota (GM), many articles have studied and discussed the relationship between the two. The purpose of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to explore the research status and development trends of the TCM/GM research, identify and analyze the highly cited papers relating to the TCM/GM. Methods A literature search regarding TCM/GM publications from 2004 to 2021 was undertaken on August 13, 2022. The main information (full record and cited references) of publications was extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The Bibliometrix of R package, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 830 papers were included. The publication years of papers were from 2004 to 2021. The number of papers had increased rapidly since 2018. China had the most publications and made most contributions to this field. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were in the leading productive position in TCM/GM research, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences had the highest total citations (TC). Duan Jin-ao from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine had the largest number of publications, and Tong Xiao-lin from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences had the most TC. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology had the most published papers and the most TC. The main themes in TCM/GM included the role of GM in TCM treatment of glucolipid metabolism diseases and lower gastrointestinal diseases; the mechanism of interactions between GM and TCM to treat diseases; the links between TCM/GM and metabolism; and the relationship between GM and oral bioavailability of TCM. Conclusion This study gained insight into the research status, hotspots and trends of global TCM/GM research, identified the most cited articles in TCM/GM and analyzed their characteristics, which may inform clinical researchers and practitioners’ future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodong Hao
- Sixth Clinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Lou
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia, ; Dongmei Chen,
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia, ; Dongmei Chen,
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21
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Ying HZ, Xie W, Wang MC, He JQ, Zhang HH, Yu CH. Gut microbiota: An emerging therapeutic approach of herbal medicine for prevention of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:969526. [PMID: 36051242 PMCID: PMC9426771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.969526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut dysbiosis has emerged as a prominent player in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn intensifies dysregulated gut microbiota composition and inflammation. Since most drugs are given orally, this dysbiosis directly and indirectly impinges the absorption and metabolism of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently affects the clinical outcome of patients with CRC. Herbal medicine, including the natural bioactive products, have been used traditionally for centuries and can be considered as novel medicinal sources for anticancer drug discovery. Due to their various structures and pharmacological effects, natural products have been found to improve microbiota composition, repair intestinal barrier and reduce inflammation in human and animal models of CRC. This review summarizes the chemo-preventive effects of extracts and/or compounds derived from natural herbs as the promising antineoplastic agents against CRC, and will provide innovative strategies to counteract dysregulated microbiota and improve the lives of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Huan Yu,
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22
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Chen M, Lin W, Li N, Wang Q, Zhu S, Zeng A, Song L. Therapeutic approaches to colorectal cancer via strategies based on modulation of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:945533. [PMID: 35992678 PMCID: PMC9389535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.945533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of global incidence and second in terms of death toll among malignant tumors. Gut microbiota are involved in the formation, development, and responses to different treatments of CRC. Under normal physiological conditions, intestinal microorganisms protect the intestinal mucosa, resist pathogen invasion, and regulate the proliferation of intestinal mucosal cells via a barrier effect and inhibition of DNA damage. The composition of gut microbiota and the influences of diet, drugs, and gender on the composition of the intestinal flora are important factors in the early detection of CRC and prediction of the results of CRC treatment. Regulation of gut microbiota is one of the most promising new strategies for CRC treatment, and it is essential to clarify the effect of gut microbiota on CRC and its possible mechanisms to facilitate the prevention and treatment of CRC. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of CRC, the potential of gut microbiota as biomarkers for CRC, and therapeutic approaches to CRC based on the regulation of gut microbiota. It might provide new ideas for the use of gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of CRC in the near future and thus reduce the incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaomi Zhu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Anqi Zeng,
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Linjiang Song,
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Wang L, Feng T, Su Z, Pi C, Wei Y, Zhao L. Latest research progress on anticancer effect of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:535-557. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Xiao L, Sun Y, Tsao R. Paradigm Shift in Phytochemicals Research: Evolution from Antioxidant Capacity to Anti-Inflammatory Effect and to Roles in Gut Health and Metabolic Syndrome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8551-8568. [PMID: 35793510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food bioactive components, particularly phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity, have been extensively studied over the past two decades. However, as new analytical and molecular biological tools advance, antioxidants related research has undergone significant paradigm shifts. This review is a high-level overview of the evolution of phytochemical antioxidants research. Early research used chemical models to assess the antioxidant capacity of different phytochemicals, which provided important information about the health potential, but the results were overused and misinterpreted despite the lack of biological relevance (Antioxidants v1.0). This led to findings in the anti-inflammatory properties and modulatory effects of cell signaling of phytochemicals (Antioxidants v2.0). Recent advances in the role of diet in modulating gut microbiota have suggested a new phase of food bioactives research along the phytochemicals-gut microbiota-intestinal metabolites-low-grade inflammation-metabolic syndrome axis (Antioxidants v3.0). Polyphenols and carotenoids were discussed in-depth, and future research directions were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
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Song N, Cui K, Zhang K, Yang J, Liu J, Miao Z, Zhao F, Meng H, Chen L, Chen C, Li Y, Shao M, Zhang J, Wang H. The Role of m6A RNA Methylation in Cancer: Implication for Nature Products Anti-Cancer Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933332. [PMID: 35784761 PMCID: PMC9243580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is identified as the most common, abundant and reversible RNA epigenetic modification in messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNA, especially within eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which post-transcriptionally directs many important processes of RNA. It has also been demonstrated that m6A modification plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating RNA splicing, localization, translation, stabilization and decay. Growing number of studies have indicated that natural products have outstanding anti-cancer effects of their unique advantages of high efficiency and minimal side effects. However, at present, there are very few research articles to study and explore the relationship between natural products and m6A RNA modification in tumorigenesis. m6A is dynamically deposited, removed, and recognized by m6A methyltransferases (METTL3/14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15/15B, VIRMA, CBLL1, and ZC3H13, called as “writers”), demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5, called as “erasers”), and m6A-specific binding proteins (YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGH2BP1/2/3, hnRNPs, eIF3, and FMR1, called as “readers”), respectively. In this review, we summarize the biological function of m6A modification, the role of m6A and the related signaling pathway in cancer, such as AKT, NF-kB, MAPK, ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT, p53, Notch signaling pathway, and so on. Furthermore, we reviewed the current research on nature products in anti-tumor, and further to get a better understanding of the anti-tumor mechanism, thus provide an implication for nature products with anti-cancer research by regulating m6A modification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feiyue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongjing Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yushan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghang Zhang, ; Haijun Wang,
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghang Zhang, ; Haijun Wang,
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Pei T, Yan M, Huang Y, Wei Y, Martin C, Zhao Q. Specific Flavonoids and Their Biosynthetic Pathway in Scutellaria baicalensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866282. [PMID: 35310641 PMCID: PMC8928390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis, is one of the most traditional medicinal plants in the Lamiaceae family, and has been widely used to treat liver and lung complaints and as a complementary cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. The preparation from its roots, called "Huang Qin," is rich in specialized flavones such as baicalein, wogonin, and their glycosides which lack a 4'-hydroxyl group on the B ring (4'-deoxyflavones), with anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. Baicalein has recently been reported to inhibit the replication of the COVID-19 virus. These 4'-deoxyflavones are found only in the order Lamiales and were discovered in the genus Scutellaria, suggesting that a new metabolic pathway synthesizing 4'-deoxyflavones evolved recently in this genus. In this review, we focus on the class of 4'-deoxyflavones in S. baicalensis and their pharmacological properties. We also describe the apparent evolutionary route taken by the genes encoding enzymes involved in the novel, root-specific, biosynthetic pathway for baicalein and wogonin, which provides insights into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Xie L, Long J, Liu K, Lu J, Liang Y, Cao Y, Dai X, Li X. Therapeutic effect of baicalin on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114749. [PMID: 34666140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin (BI) is an important biologically active flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria radix (Huang Qin). Traditionally Scutellaria radix was the common drug of dysentery. As the main flavonoid compound, there is a distribution tendency of baicalin to the intestinal tract and it has a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile up-to-date and comprehensive information on the efficacy of baicalin in vitro and in vivo, about treating inflammatory bowel disease. Relevant information on the therapeutic potential of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease was collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed and so on. Additionally, a few books and magazines were also consulted to get the important information. RESULTS The mechanisms of baicalin against inflammatory bowel disease mainly include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, immune regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier, maintenance of intestinal flora balance. Also, BI can relieve parts of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), and prevent colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Baicalin determined the promising therapeutic prospects as potential supplementary medicines for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of TCM, China.
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Lu Y, Liu H, Yang K, Mao Y, Meng L, Yang L, Ouyang G, Liu W. A comprehensive update: gastrointestinal microflora, gastric cancer and gastric premalignant condition, and intervention by traditional Chinese medicine. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:1-18. [PMID: 35029085 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With the recent upsurge of studies in the field of microbiology, we have learned more about the complexity of the gastrointestinal microecosystem. More than 30 genera and 1000 species of gastrointestinal microflora have been found. The structure of the normal microflora is relatively stable, and is in an interdependent and restricted dynamic equilibrium with the body. In recent years, studies have shown that there is a potential relationship between gastrointestinal microflora imbalance and gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous lesions. So, restoring the balance of gastrointestinal microflora is of great significance. Moreover, intervention in gastric premalignant condition (GPC), also known as precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC), has been the focus of current clinical studies. The holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is consistent with the microecology concept, and oral TCM can play a two-way regulatory role directly with the microflora in the digestive tract, restoring the homeostasis of gastrointestinal microflora to prevent canceration. However, large gaps in knowledge remain to be addressed. This review aims to provide new ideas and a reference for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301608, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China.
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Yijia Mao
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301608, China
| | - Lingkai Meng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301608, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Guangze Ouyang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301608, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301608, China
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29
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Hu Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Z, Ishfaq M. An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:14-26. [PMID: 35656442 PMCID: PMC9118284 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60380.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin, and its aglycone baicalein possess multi-fold therapeutic properties and are mainly found in the roots of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavonoids have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The pharmacological properties of baicalin and baicalein are due to their abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interaction with various signaling molecules associated with apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and cytoprotection. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of baicalin and baicalein in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the preventive effects of baicalin and baicalein on mitochondrial dynamics and functions were highlighted with a particular emphasis on their anti-oxidative and cytoprotective properties. The current review highlights could be useful for future prospective studies to further improve the pharmacological applications of baicalein and baicalin. These studies should define the threshold for optimal drug exposure, dose optimization and focus on therapeutic drug monitoring, objective disease markers, and baicalin/baicalein drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Hu
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yurong Guan
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Hubei Zhiying Medical Imaging Center, Radiology Department of Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
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30
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Jiang H, Yao Q, An Y, Fan L, Wang J, Li H. Baicalin suppresses the progression of Type 2 diabetes-induced liver tumor through regulating METTL3/m 6A/HKDC1 axis and downstream p-JAK2/STAT1/clevaged Capase3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153823. [PMID: 34763315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that diabetes increases the risk of liver cancer. Although the co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver cancer is becoming more frequent, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Even though baicalin, extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can control T2D and inhibit liver cancer separately, minimal research is available regarding its possible effect on T2D-induced liver cancer. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of baicalin in T2D-induced hepatocellular cancer, and for the first time, we particularly emphasized the regulation of baicalin in genes RNA m6A in hepatocellular cancer. METHODS Here, we constructed a cell culture model under a high concentration of glucose and a T2D-induced liver tumor model to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo role of baicalin in T2D-induced liver cancer progression. After confirming the suppressive effect of baicalin and the HKDC1 antibody on T2D-induced liver tumors, the epigenetic alterations (DNA 5mC and RNA m6A) of the baicalin-regulated HKDC1 gene were detected using MS and q-PCR. Next, the METTL3 gene-regulated m6A (2854 site) was investigated using SELECT PCR. Finally, the impact of the other three baicalin analogs (baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin) on tumor inhibition was tested in vivo while verifying the related RNA m6A mechanism. RESULTS The results showed that baicalin and the HKDC1 antibody suppressed T2D-induced liver tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, baicalin significantly inhibited the epigenetic modification (DNA 5mC and RNA m6A) of HKDC1 in HepG2 tumors, mainly targeting the RNA m6A site (2854). The m6A-related gene, METTL3, regulated the RNA m6A site (2854) of HKDC1, which was also restricted by baicalin. Moreover, the study verified that baicalin regulated the METTL3/HKDC1/JAK2/STAT1/caspase-3 pathway in liver cancer cells when exposed to a high glucose concentration. In addition, the three baicalin analogs were proven to regulate the m6A (2854 site) of HKDC1 and suppress T2D-induced liver tumors. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed that baicalin suppressed T2D-induced liver tumor progression by regulating the METTL3/m6A/HKDC1 axis, which might support its potential application for preventing and treating T2D-induced liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongbo An
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Verma E, Kumar A, Devi Daimary U, Parama D, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of baicalein in the prevention and treatment of cancer: A scientometric analyses based review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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AL-Ishaq RK, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Enzymatic Metabolism of Flavonoids by Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3934. [PMID: 34439088 PMCID: PMC8394324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent global health disease with a massive burden on health care providers. Internal and external factors such as obesity, smoking, diet (red meat), low socioeconomic status and infection with Helicobacter pylori are the critical risk factors of GI cancers. Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds found abundantly in fruits and vegetables. Upon ingestion, 90% of flavonoids consumed require further enzymatic metabolism by the gut microbiome to enhance their bioavailability and absorption. Several epidemiological studies reported that consumption of flavonoids and their enzymatic conversion by gut microbes is strongly associated with the reduced risk of GI cancer development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the enzymatic conversion of flavonoids by the human gut microbiome. It also addresses the underlying anti-GI cancer effects on metabolic pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation. Overall, metabolites produced from flavonoid's enzymatic conversion illustrate anti-GI cancer effects, but the mechanisms of action need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
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33
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang J, Cheng Q, Shang Y, Wang G. Baicalin relieves Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection‑induced lung injury through regulating microRNA‑221 to inhibit the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:571. [PMID: 34109422 PMCID: PMC8201456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common pathogen that can cause respiratory infections. MP pneumonia (MPP) leads to numerous complications, including lung injury and even death. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Baicalin treatment on MP infection‑induced lung injury and the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Briefly, after mice were infected intranasally by MP and treated with Baicalin (80 mg/kg), serum levels of MP‑immunoglobulin M (IgM) were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of C‑reactive protein (CRP) in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was examined by ELISA. Inflammatory factors and inflammatory cells in the BALF were assessed. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)‑221 in lung tissue were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and pathological changes in lung tissue were detected by H&E staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF‑κB were detected by western blotting. Baicalin treatment significantly reduced serum levels of MP‑IgM and CRP expression in lung tissue during MP infection. In addition, Baicalin decreased the levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑18 and TNF‑α in the BALF, and the number of inflammatory cells. Baicalin also reduced the inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue induced by MP infection, improved the pathological changes detected in lung tissue, reduced apoptosis, and downregulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF‑κB. Furthermore, Baicalin treatment downregulated the expression of miR‑221 and the protective effects of Baicalin were attenuated by miR‑221 overexpression. In conclusion, Baicalin has a therapeutic effect on mice with MP infection‑induced lung injury, which may be related to inhibition of miR‑221 expression and regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Shen J, Li P, Liu S, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yang C, Hu M, Sun Y, He C, Xiao P. The chemopreventive effects of Huangqin-tea against AOM-induced preneoplastic colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats and omics analysis. Food Funct 2021; 11:9634-9650. [PMID: 33048099 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite that colorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe global health problem, effective chemopreventive strategies against CRC are still lacking. Huang-qin tea (HQT), a healthy herbal tea, is prepared from the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been consumed in China for thousands of years. HQT contains abundant flavonoids, which display potent anticancer effects, but no research studies have investigated the cancer-preventive effects of HQT on CRC in vivo. Here, we found that HQT inhibits azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in a preneoplastic colonic ACF rat model. The essential role of the gut microbiota in the chemopreventive effect of HQT on CRC in a pseudo-germ-free rat model was confirmed. Besides, HQT modulates inflammatory cytokine expression by significantly decreasing IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α expression, and elevating IFN-γ production. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that HQT regulated the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lachnoclostridium, Alistipes, Roseburia, and Lactococcus) and reducing the levels of Bacteroides, Parasutterella, and unidentified_Clostridiales. Fecal metabolomics showed that HQT modulated the AOM-induced metabolomic disorder, and these altered metabolites were almost involved in the lipid metabolic pathways. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Collectively, these results suggested that HQT exerted beneficial effects on host health by inhibiting inflammation, and by regulating the gut microbiota profile and certain metabolic pathways. In conclusion, HQT inhibits AOM-induced ACF formation by modulating the gut microbiota composition and improving metabolomic disorders, indicating the potential of HQT as a functional beverage candidate for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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35
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Liu Z, Wang W, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Shen X, Zhang Y, Meng X. Anti-Apoptotic Role of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction and Anisodamine in Endotoxemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:531325. [PMID: 33967742 PMCID: PMC8099151 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.531325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is characterized by initial uncontrollable inflammation, terminal immune paralysis, significant cell apoptosis and tissue injury, which can aggravate or induce multiple diseases and become one of the complications of many diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic therapy is a valuable strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia-induced tissue injury. Traditional Chinese medicine exhibits great advantages in the treatment of endotoxemia. In this review, we have analyzed and summarized the active ingredients and their metabolites of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction, a famous formula in endotoxemia therapy. We then have summarized the mechanisms of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction against endotoxemia and its mediated tissue injury. Furthermore, silico strategy was used to evaluate the anti-apoptotic mechanism of anisodamine, a well-known natural product that widely used to improve survival in patients with septic shock. Finally, we also have summarized other anti-apoptotic natural products as well as their therapeutic effects on endotoxemia and its mediated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institutes of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhao H, He M, Zhang M, Sun Q, Zeng S, Chen L, Yang H, Liu M, Ren S, Meng X, Xu H. Colorectal Cancer, Gut Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:805-828. [PMID: 33827382 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the study and research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, the types and functions of gut microbiota, and its role in guiding and regulating the occurrence and development of diseases, we have explored the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota. Genetic variation, abnormal responses of innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal barrier dysfunction, imbalance of intestinal microbial colonization, personal and environmental risk factors are the main pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota mainly includes Sclerotium (including Clostridium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus) and Bacteroides (including Bacteroides and Prevotella), which have biological antagonism, nutrition for the organism, metabolic abilities, immune stimulation, and ability to shape cancer genes functions to body. The gut microbiota can be related to the health of the host. Current studies have shown that Chinese herbal compound, single medicinal materials, and monomer components can treat colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota, such as Xiaoyaosan can increase the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Proteus and decrease the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Rickerella. Therefore, studying the regulation and mechanism of gut microbiota on colorectal cancer is of great benefit to disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Man He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Luo Y, Wang CZ, Sawadogo R, Yuan J, Zeng J, Xu M, Tan T, Yuan CS. 4-Vinylguaiacol, an Active Metabolite of Ferulic Acid by Enteric Microbiota and Probiotics, Possesses Significant Activities against Drug-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4551-4561. [PMID: 33644563 PMCID: PMC7905800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid, is abundant in vegetables, grains, and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence suggests that ferulic acid may exert beneficial effects against colorectal cancer. However, the anticancer activity of ferulic acid is relatively low, and its metabolism after oral administration is largely unknown. In this study, mimicking the enteric environment, human intestinal microflora and commercial probiotics were used to metabolize ferulic acid to its metabolites, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. Ferulic acid can be biotransformed to 4-vinylguaiacol (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol), and the contents of ferulic acid and 4-vinylguaiacol in bio-transformed extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the chemotherapy-sensitive cell line HCT-116 and the chemo-resistant cell line HT-29, the cell proliferation was determined by the modified trichrome stain assay. The cell cycle and induction of apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. HPLC data showed that there was a marked transformation from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, and the conversion rates of intestinal microflora and four probiotics were from 1.3 to 36.8%. Both ferulic acid and 4-vinylguaiacol possessed dose- and time-related anticancer activities on the two cell lines, while 4-vinylguaiacol showed more potent effects than ferulic acid. Interestingly, 4-vinylguaiacol exhibited significantly higher antiproliferative effects on the HT-29 cell line than that on HCT-116. The IC50 of the metabolite 4-vinylguaiacol on HT-29 cells was 350 μM, 3.7-fold higher than its parent compound. The potential of cancer cell growth inhibition of 4-vinylguaiacol was mediated by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and induction of apoptosis. Data from this study indicate that the oral administration of ferulic acid offers a promising approach to increase its anticancer activity through gut microbial conversion to 4-vinylguaiacol, and the biotransformation could also be achieved by selected commercial probiotics. 4-Vinylguaiacol is a potential anticancer metabolite from ferulic acid for chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People’s Republic of China
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia &
Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia &
Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard Sawadogo
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia &
Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Institute
for Health Science Research, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina
Faso
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- Key
Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia &
Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ting Tan
- Key
Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People’s Republic of China
- . Phone: 86-791-8711-9027. Fax: 86-791-8711-8658
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia &
Critical Care, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics,
Pritzker School of Medicine, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
- . Phone: 1-773-702-1916. Fax: 1-773-834-0601
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105444. [PMID: 33493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology, natural products with a range of pharmacological targets in multiple diseases have become important sources of new drug discovery. These compounds are derived from various plants, including the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is often used as a traditional Chinese herb named Huangqin, a popular medication used for thousands of years in China. Many studies have shown that baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases. Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. During oxidative stress regulation, PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB and HO-1 are key factors associated with the healing effects of baicalin on NAFLD/NASH, ulcerative colitis and cholestasis. In the inflammatory response, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2 and MIP-1α are involved in the alleviation of NAFLD/NASH, cholestasis and liver fibrosis by baicalin, as are TGF-β1/Smads, STAT3 and NF-κB. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 are key factors related to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuation of liver injury and colorectal cancer. In addition to immune regulation, PD-1/PDL-1 and TLR4-NF-κB are correlated with the alleviation of hepatocellular carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by baicalin. Moreover, baicalin regulates intestinal flora by promoting the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, BA is involved in the interactions of the liver-gut axis by regulating TGR5, FXR, bile acids and the microbiota. In general, a comprehensive analysis of this natural compound was conducted to determine the mechanism by which it regulates bile acid metabolism, the intestinal flora and related signaling pathways, providing new insights into the pharmacological effects of baicalin. The mechanism linking the liver and gut systems needs to be elucidated to draw attention to its great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junbao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Zhang XT, Wang G, Ye LF, Pu Y, Li RT, Liang J, Wang L, Lee KKH, Yang X. Baicalin reversal of DNA hypermethylation-associated Klotho suppression ameliorates renal injury in type 1 diabetic mouse model. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3329-3347. [PMID: 33190590 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1843815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a flavone glycoside that possesses numerous pharmacological properties. but its protective mode of action in kidney injury induced by diabetes mellitus remains incompletely understood. Using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model, we found that baicalin could ameliorate diabetes-induced the pathological changes of the kidney function and morphology through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, baicalin treatment could alleviate interstitial fibrosis in the diabetic kidney via inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was accompanied by a sharp upregulation of Klotho, the endogenous inhibitor of renal fibrosis. We further verified that baicalin-rescued expression of Klotho was associated with Klotho promoter hypomethylation due to aberrant methyltransferase 3a expressions. Klotho knockdown via RNA interferences largely abrogated the anti-renal fibrotic effects of Baicalin in HK2 cells. These findings suggested that baicalin could alleviate renal injury-induced by diabates through partly modulating Klotho promoter methylation, which provides new insights into the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tan Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu-Fang Ye
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pu
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Tong Li
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
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40
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Zhao Y, Jiang Q. Roles of the Polyphenol-Gut Microbiota Interaction in Alleviating Colitis and Preventing Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:546-565. [PMID: 32905583 PMCID: PMC8009754 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can promote or inhibit colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Promotion of beneficial gut bacteria is considered a promising strategy to alleviate colonic diseases including colitis and colorectal cancer. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols, which have been shown to attenuate colitis and inhibit colorectal cancer in animal models and some human studies, appear to reach relatively high concentrations in the large intestine and to interact with the gut microbial community. This review summarizes the modulatory effects of polyphenols on the gut microbiota in humans and animals under healthy and diseased conditions including colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Existing human and animal studies indicate that polyphenols and polyphenol-rich whole foods are capable of elevating butyrate producers and probiotics that alleviate colitis and inhibit CAC, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Studies in colitis and CAC models indicate that polyphenols decrease opportunistic pathogenic or proinflammatory microbes and counteract disease-induced dysbiosis. Consistently, polyphenols also change microbial functions, including increasing butyrate formation. Moreover, polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota appear to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, protect gut barrier integrity, and mitigate inflammatory conditions in cells and animal models. Based on these results, we conclude that polyphenol-mediated alteration of microbial composition and functions, together with polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, likely contribute to the protective effects of polyphenols on colitis and CAC. Future research is needed to validate the causal role of the polyphenol-gut microbiota interaction in polyphenols' anti-colitis and anti-CAC effects, and to further elucidate mechanisms underlying such interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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41
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Liu Y, Yang S, Wang K, Lu J, Bao X, Wang R, Qiu Y, Wang T, Yu H. Cellular senescence and cancer: Focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12894. [PMID: 32881115 PMCID: PMC7574878 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the principal cause of death and a dominant public health problem which seriously threatening human life. Among various ways to treat cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural products have outstanding anti‐cancer effects with their unique advantages of high efficiency and minimal side effects. Cell senescence is a physiological process of cell growth stagnation triggered by stress, which is an important line of defence against tumour development. In recent years, active ingredients of TCM and natural products, as an interesting research hotspot, can induce cell senescence to suppress the occurrence and development of tumours, by inhibiting telomerase activity, triggering DNA damage, inducing SASP, and activating or inactivating oncogenes. In this paper, the recent research progress on the main compounds derived from TCM and natural products that play anti‐cancer roles by inducing cell senescence is systematically reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of pro‐senescent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Huang L, Peng B, Nayak Y, Wang C, Si F, Liu X, Dou J, Xu H, Peng G. Baicalein and Baicalin Promote Melanoma Apoptosis and Senescence via Metabolic Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:836. [PMID: 32984331 PMCID: PMC7477299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common and dangerous skin cancers with a high rate of death every year. Furthermore, N-RAS and B-RAF mutations in melanoma cells increase the difficulties for clinical treatment in patients. Therefore, development of effective and universal drugs against melanoma is urgently needed. Here we demonstrate that baicalein and baicalin, the active components of the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can significantly inhibit melanoma cell growth and proliferation, suppress tumor cell colony formation and migration, as well as induce apoptosis and senescence in melanoma cells. The anti-tumor effects mediated by baicalein and baicalin are independent of N-RAS and B-RAF mutation statuses in melanoma cells. Mechanistically, we identify that the suppression of baicalein and baicalin on melanoma cells is due to inhibition of tumor cell glucose uptake and metabolism by affecting the mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that baicalein and baicalin can suppress tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vivo in the melanoma model. These studies clearly indicate that baicalein and baicalin can control tumor growth and development metabolically and have great potential as novel and universal drugs for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yash Nayak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Tuli HS, Aggarwal V, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Tuorkey M, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M. Baicalein: A metabolite with promising antineoplastic activity. Life Sci 2020; 259:118183. [PMID: 32781058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, being a multifactorial disease has diverse presentation in different subgroups which is mainly attributed to heterogenous presentation of tumor cells. This cancer cell heterogeneity is the major reason for variable response to standard chemotherapeutic regimes owing to which high relapse rate and multi-drug resistance has increasingly been reported over the past decade. Interestingly, the research on natural compounds in combination with standard therapies have reported with interesting and promising results from the pre-clinical trials and few of which have also been tested in other phases of clinical trials. This review focusses on baicalein, an emerging anti-cancerous natural compound, its chemistry and mechanism of action. In view of promising pre-clinical this review is mainly motivated by the results observed from baicalein treatment of different cancer cell population. With the advancing scientific evidence on the anti-malignant potential of baicalein with respect to its pharmacological activities encompassing from anti-inflammatory to anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic effects, the focus is mainly directed to understanding the precise mechanism of action of baicalein. In the process of understanding the underlying signaling cascades, the role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and caspase-3/-8,-9 have been highlighted as the major players for baicalein anti-malignant potential. This is also supported by the interesting pre-clinical findings which cumulatively pave the way ahead for development of baicalein as an adjunct anti-cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | | | - Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Raj Savla
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
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Wang G, Lu JQ, Ding Y, Zhang T, Song JH, Long D, Liang J, Cheng X, Si Z, Qi G, Jiang X, Yang X. Baicalin rescues hyperglycemia-induced neural tube defects via targeting on retinoic acid signaling. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3311-3328. [PMID: 32774702 PMCID: PMC7407732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We, in this study, studied whether or not antioxidant activities of Baicalin could reduce the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the presence of hyperglycemia. Using early chick embryos, we demonstrated that Baicalin at 6 μM dramatically reduced NTDs rate and impaired neurogenesis in E4.5-day and HH10 chick embryo neural tubes induced by high glucose (HG). Likewise, immunofluorescent staining showed that Baicalin mitigated the HG-induced regression of Pax7 expression in neural tubes of both HH10 and E4.5-day chick embryos. Additionally, PHIS3 immunofluorescent staining in neural tubes of both HH10 and E4.5-day chick embryos manifested that cell proliferation inhibited by HG was significantly reversed by the administration of Baicalin, and similar result could also be observed in neurosphere assay in vitro. c-Caspase3 or γH2AX immunofluorescent staining and quantitative PCR showed that Baicalin administration alleviated HG-induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Bioinformatics results indicated that retinoic acid (RA) was likely to be the signaling pathway that Baicalin targeted on, and this was confirmed by whole-mount RALDH2 in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR of HH10 chick embryos in the absence/presence of Baicalin. In addition, blocking RA with an inhibitor abolished Baicalin's protective role in HG-induced NTDs, suppression of neurogenesis and cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis, which further verified the centrality of RA in the process of Baicalin confronting HG-induced abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-Huan Song
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Denglu Long
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxin Liang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenpeng Si
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guolong Qi
- Division of Medical Information, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632, China
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Han Z, He J, Zou M, Chen W, Lv Y, Li Y. Small interfering RNA target for long noncoding RNA PCGEM1 increases the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to baicalein. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2077-2085. [PMID: 32445497 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNA PCGEM1 siRNA combined with baicalein on prostate cancer LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells transfected with small hairpin RNA lentiviral vector targeting PCGEM1 were constructed and their expression in LNCaP cells was absent. The stable cell line of LNCaP cells infected with LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 was successfully constructed. In addition, LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 was able to increase the baicalein-induced inhibitory effects on LNCaP cells, and the susceptibility was 2.3 fold higher than that of baicalein alone. LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 combined with baicalein also inhibited the colony formation, increased G2 and S phase cells, inhibited the expression of PCGEM1, and induced autophagy of LNCaP cells. In summary, LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 may improve the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to baicalein, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the decrease of PCGEM1 expression and the induction of autophagy. Our findings provided an experimental basis for the combined treatment of Chinese traditional and Western medicine on prostate cancer in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Nam JE, Jo SY, Ahn CW, Kim YS. Baicalin attenuates fibrogenic process in human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) exposed to diabetic milieu. Life Sci 2020; 254:117742. [PMID: 32360619 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside substance extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to exhibit multiple therapeutic properties owing to its anti-inflammatory effect. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, which promote renal fibrosis and kidney failure. Although anti-fibrogenic effects of baicalin in lung and liver have been reported previously, no study has investigated its roles in renal fibrosis. Here, we demonstrated protective effects of baicalin against fibrogenic process in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to diabetic milieu. MAIN METHODS To investigate the effects of baicalin on oxidative stress- and inflammation-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells, protein and gene expressions of NF-κB- and STAT3-associated inflammatory molecules and TGFβ-associated extracellular matrix proteins were examined by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR. To determine physiological changes of HK-2 exposed to diabetic milieu in response to baicalin, production of cAMP and cGMP and Ca2+ influx were measured. KEY FINDINGS Baicalin attenuated oxidative stress- and inflammation-inudced IκB and JAK2 phosphorylations and, subsequent, NF-κB nuclear translocation and STAT3 phosphorylation. Consequently, it markedly reduced transactivation of NF-κB- and STAT3-associated inflammatory genes such as ICAM1, VCAM1, TGFβ, IL1β and MCP1, and protein expression of TGFβ-associated extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen IV. These effects are, partially, attributed to its regulatory function of intracellular concentration of Ca2+ via interaction with type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study which investigated anti-fibrogenic effect of baicalin in human kidney cells, and our results highlight a potential therapeutic application of baicalin for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jo
- Department of Medicine, the Graduate school of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sik Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Maltosyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated SupramolecularHost-Guest inclusion complex used for enhancing baicalin antioxidant activity and bioavailability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Wang CZ, Zhang CF, Luo Y, Yao H, Yu C, Chen L, Yuan J, Huang WH, Wan JY, Zeng J, Sawadogo WR, Yuan CS. Baicalein, an enteric microbial metabolite, suppresses gut inflammation and cancer progression in Apc Min/+ mice. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1013-1022. [PMID: 31650468 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation is recognized as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Baicalin (BI), a major constituent in an anti-inflammatory herb Scutellaria baicalensis, can be biotransformed into baicalein (BE) by the intestinal microbiota. We evaluated the anti-inflammation and anti-CRC effects of the metabolite BE. METHODS The in vitro biotransformation by human intestinal microbiota from BI into BE has been determined with HPLC. Using a gut-specific ApcMin/+ mouse model, the effects of oral BE on the life span, organ index, and tumor multiplicity were evaluated. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were determined using ELISA. To verify the in vivo data, the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of BE were determined with an in vitro cell model. RESULTS HPLC analysis showed that BI was quickly transformed into BE by the intestinal microbiota. Oral BE (30 mg/kg/day) significantly increased the life span, from 125.2 to 218.4 days (P < 0.01%). BE treatment also decreased intestine index and increased spleen index. Compared with the model group, following BE treatment, tumor numbers were significantly reduced in the small intestine and colon (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). In the gut tissues, BE treatment significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. In vitro data supported our in vivo results that the anti-CRC effects of BE were via the inhibition of gut inflammation and induction of cancer cell death. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the parent compound BI can be quickly converted into its microbial metabolite BE, which has stronger bioactive effects than BI. Baicalein is an active chemopreventive metabolite for inflammatory associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Z Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - C-F Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Y Luo
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - H Yao
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - C Yu
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - L Chen
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - W-H Huang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J-Y Wan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Zeng
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - W R Sawadogo
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - C-S Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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An X, Bao Q, Di S, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang H, Lian F, Tong X. The interaction between the gut Microbiota and herbal medicines. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Peng J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wu J, Ye L, Fang C. Effect of baicalin on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5645-5654. [PMID: 31632536 PMCID: PMC6789237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types. Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant and characterized by rapid and uncontrolled growth. This study was designed to investigate the effect of baicalin on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS CCK-8 assay and Clone formation assay were performed to detect the effect of baicalin on proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell invasion and migration were all assessed with Wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Flow Cytometry Analysis and DAPI staining were performed to detect the effect of baicalin on apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, proliferation-associated protein and apoptosis-related protein were detected to evaluate the cell proliferation and apoptosis levels. P-JNK protein, t-JNK protein, Foxo1 protein and BIM protein were examined by western blot to verify whether baicalin could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis via the JNK/Foxo1/BIM signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS The cell proliferation level was significantly decreased while the cell apoptosis level was significantly increased in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells treated with baicalin. As the same, baicalin downregulated the ability of invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells. CONCLUSION Baicalin might inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via JNK/Foxo1/BIM signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinshun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinbang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juju Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congcheng Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
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