1
|
Seo S, Kim H, Hwang JT, Kim JE, Kim J, Jeon S, Song YJ, Choi KH, Sim G, Cho M, Yoon JW, Kim H. HL156A, an AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activator, Inhibits Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:806. [PMID: 39062520 PMCID: PMC11274646 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent genetic kidney disorder. While metformin has demonstrated the ability to inhibit cyst growth in animal models of ADPKD via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), its effectiveness in humans is limited due to its low potency. This study explored the impact of HL156A, a new and more potent AMPK activator, in a mouse model of ADPKD. METHODS To investigate whether HL156A inhibits the proliferation of renal cyst cells in ADPKD in vitro, exogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized renal cyst cells from ADPKD patients were treated with HL156A, and an MTT (dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. To assess the cyst-inhibitory effect of HL156A in vivo, we generated Pkd1 conditional knockout (KO) mice with aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-Cre, which selectively expresses Cre recombinase in the collecting duct. The effectiveness of HL156A in inhibiting cyst growth and improving renal function was confirmed by measuring the number of cysts and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the collecting duct-specific Pkd1 KO mice. RESULTS When cyst cells were treated with up to 20 µM of metformin or HL156A, HL156A reduced cell viability by 25% starting at a concentration of 5 µM, whereas metformin showed no effect. When AQP2-Cre male mice were crossed with Pkd1flox/flox female mice, and when AQP2-Cre female mice were crossed with Pkd1flox/flox male mice, the number of litters produced by both groups was comparable. In collecting duct-specific Pkd1 KO mice, HL156A was found to inhibit cyst growth, reducing both the number and size of cysts. Furthermore, it was confirmed that kidney function improved as HL156A treatment led to a reduction in elevated BUN levels. Lastly, it was observed that the increase in AMPK phosphorylation induced by HL156A decreased ERK phosphorylation and α-SMA expression. CONCLUSION HL156A has potential as a drug that can restore kidney function in ADPKD patients by inhibiting cyst growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Taek Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Jin Eop Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Sohyun Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Young-jin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Kwang-ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Gwangeon Sim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Myunkyu Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Jong-woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hyunsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (J.-T.H.); (J.E.K.); (J.K.); (S.J.); (Y.-j.S.); (K.-h.C.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (J.-w.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shu G, Sun H, Zhang T, Zhu A, Lei X, Wang C, Song A, Deng X. Theaflavine inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by modulating the PKA/LKB1/AMPK/GSK3β cascade and subsequently enhancing Nrf2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175964. [PMID: 37549726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitutes a crucial etiological factor leading to liver fibrosis. Theaflavine (TF) is a characteristic bioactive compound in fermented tea. Here, we found that TF attenuated the activation of LX-2 HSCs induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). TF potentiated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Knockdown of Nrf2 abrogated TF-mediated resistance to TGF-β1. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) are upstream regulators of Nrf2. TF modulated the LKB1/AMPK/GSK3β axis. Inhibition of AMPK or knockdown of LKB1 crippled TF-mediated potentiation of Nrf2. Protein kinase A (PKA) catalyzes LKB1 phosphorylation. In LX-2 cells, TF increased the LKB1/PKA interaction without affecting their contents. Inhibition of PKA abolished TF-mediated potentiation of LKB1/Nrf2 and abrogated the inhibitory effects of TF on their activation. TF also enhanced direct binding between purified catalytic subunit α of PKA (PKA-Cα) and LKB1 proteins in vitro. Molecular docking indicated that TF showed binding activity with both LKB1 and PKA-Cα proteins. In mouse primary HSCs, TF elevated LKB1/PKA-Cα binding, boosted LKB1 phosphorylation, potentiated Nrf2 and suppressed their spontaneous activation. PKA inhibition or LKB1 knockdown eliminated TF-mediated induction of Nrf2 and suppression of HSC activation. Furthermore, TF considerably alleviated CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis. In mouse livers, TF increased the LKB1/PKA-Cα interaction, upregulated LKB1 phosphorylation and modulated its downstream AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 cascade. Our findings collectively indicated that TF suppresses HSC activation. Mechanistically, TF elevated the LKB1/PKA interaction in HSCs, which increased LKB1 phosphorylation and subsequently modulated the downstream AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anning Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xukun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu R, Scimeca M, Sun Q, Melino G, Mauriello A, Shao C, Shi Y, Piacentini M, Tisone G, Agostini M. Harnessing metabolism of hepatic macrophages to aid liver regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:574. [PMID: 37644019 PMCID: PMC10465526 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a dynamic and regulated process that involves inflammation, granulation, and tissue remodeling. Hepatic macrophages, abundantly distributed in the liver, are essential components that actively participate in each step to orchestrate liver regeneration. In the homeostatic liver, resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) acquire a tolerogenic phenotype and contribute to immunological tolerance. Following toxicity-induced damage or physical resection, Kupffer cells as well as monocyte-derived macrophages can be activated and promote an inflammatory process that supports the survival and activation of hepatic myofibroblasts and thus promotes scar tissue formation. Subsequently, these macrophages, in turn, exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects critical to extracellular matrix remodeling during the resolution stage. However, continuous damage-induced chronic inflammation generally leads to hepatic macrophage dysfunction, which exacerbates hepatocellular injury and triggers further liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Emerging macrophage-targeting strategies have shown efficacy in both preclinical and clinical studies. Increasing evidence indicates that metabolic rewiring provides substrates for epigenetic modification, which endows monocytes/macrophages with prolonged "innate immune memory". Therefore, it is reasonable to conceive novel therapeutic strategies for metabolically reprogramming macrophages and thus mediate a homeostatic or reparative process for hepatic inflammation management and liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Science; Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang JH, Lee SK, Yun NJ, Kim YS, Song JJ, Bae Y. IM156, a new AMPK activator, protects against polymicrobial sepsis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3378-3386. [PMID: 35502484 PMCID: PMC9189331 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IM156, a novel biguanide with higher potency of AMP-activated protein kinase activation than metformin, has inhibitory activity against angiogenesis and cancer. In this study, we investigated effects of IM156 against polymicrobial sepsis. Administration of IM156 significantly increased survival rate against caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Mechanistically, IM156 markedly reduced viable bacterial burden in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood and attenuated organ damage in a CLP-induced sepsis model. IM156 also inhibited the apoptosis of splenocytes and the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in CLP mice. Moreover, IM156 strongly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to lipopolysaccharide in neutrophils. Taken together, these results show that IM156 can inhibit inflammatory response and protect against polymicrobial sepsis, suggesting that IM156 might be a new treatment for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus InfectionKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Yun
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Ye Seon Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological DiseasesYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoe‐Sik Bae
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Croft KD, Caparros-Martin J, O'Gara F, Mori TA, Ward NC. Beneficial effects of inorganic nitrate in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109032. [PMID: 34520731 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic representation of the metabolic disorders. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite can be converted to nitric oxide, regulate glucose metabolism, lower lipid levels, and reduce inflammation, thus raising the hypothesis that inorganic nitrate/nitrite could be beneficial for improving NAFLD. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of chronic dietary nitrate on NAFLD in a mouse model. 60 ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to allow for the development of atherosclerosis with associated NAFLD. The mice were then randomly assigned to different groups (20/group) for a further 12 weeks: (i) HFD + NaCl (1 mmol/kg/day), (ii) HFD + NaNO3 (1 mmol/kg/day), and (iii) HFD + NaNO3 (10 mmol/kg/day). A fourth group of ApoE-/- mice consumed a normal chow diet for the duration of the study. At the end of the treatment, caecum contents, serum, and liver were collected. Consumption of the HFD resulted in significantly greater lipid accumulation in the liver compared to mice on the normal chow diet. Mice whose HFD was supplemented with dietary nitrate for the second half of the study, showed an attenuation in hepatic lipid accumulation. This was also associated with an increase in hepatic AMPK activity compared to mice on the HFD. In addition, a significant difference in bile acid profile was detected between mice on the HFD and those receiving the high dose nitrate supplemented HFD. In conclusion, dietary nitrate attenuates the progression of liver steatosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jose Caparros-Martin
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Cork, Ireland
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willette RN, Mangrolia P, Pondell SM, Lee CYW, Yoo S, Rudoltz MS, Cowen BR, Welsch DJ. Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation with IM156 Attenuates Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:290-300. [PMID: 34593558 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of the myofibroblast plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Here, we characterized the in vitro and in vivo metabolic and anti-fibrotic effects of IM156, an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) modulator that acts by inhibiting Protein Complex 1 (PC1). In vitro, IM156 inhibited TGFβ-dependent increases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and expression of myofibroblast markers in human pulmonary fibroblasts without altering cell viability or adding to TGF-β induced increases in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). IM156 significantly increased cellular AMPK phosphorylation and was 60-fold more potent than metformin. In vivo, chronic oral administration of IM156 was highly distributed to major peripheral organs (i.e. lung, liver, kidney, heart) and had significant dose-related effects on the plasma metabolome consistent with OXPHOS modulation and AMPK activation. IM156 increased glycolysis, lipolysis, β-oxidation and amino acids, and decreased free fatty acids, TCA cycle activity and protein synthesis. In the murine bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, daily oral administration of IM156 administered 7 days after lung injury, attenuated body/lung weight changes, and reduced lung fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The plasma exposures of IM156 were comparable to well-tolerated doses in human studies. In conclusion, the metabolic and anti-fibrotic effects of IM156 suggest that OXPHOS modulation can attenuate myofibroblast metabolic reprogramming and support testing IM156 as a therapy for IPF and other fibrotic diseases. Significance Statement Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases (FILD) have a poor prognosis and current anti-fibrotic treatments have significant limitations. This study demonstrates that attenuation of fibrogenic metabolic remodeling, by modulation of OXPHOS with IM156, prevents the myofibroblast phenotype/collagen deposition and is a potentially effective and translational anti-fibrotic strategy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jacques V, Bolze S, Hallakou-Bozec S, Czarnik AW, Divakaruni AS, Fouqueray P, Murphy AN, Van der Ploeg LHT, DeWitt S. Deuterium-Stabilized ( R)-Pioglitazone (PXL065) Is Responsible for Pioglitazone Efficacy in NASH yet Exhibits Little to No PPARγ Activity. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1412-1425. [PMID: 34430785 PMCID: PMC8369945 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone is, to date, the most efficacious oral drug recommended off-label for the treatment of nondiabetic or diabetic patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, weight gain and edema side effects have limited its use for NASH. Pioglitazone is a mixture of two stereoisomers ((R)-pioglitazone and (S)-pioglitazone) that interconvert in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to characterize their individual pharmacology to develop a safer and potentially more potent drug for NASH. We stabilized the stereoisomers of pioglitazone with deuterium at the chiral center. Preclinical studies with deuterium-stabilized (R)-pioglitazone (PXL065) and (S)-pioglitazone demonstrated that (R)-pioglitazone retains the efficacy of pioglitazone in NASH, including reduced hepatic triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte enlargement, and fibrosis. Although both stereoisomers inhibit the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, PXL065 shows limited to no peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity, whereas (S)-pioglitazone appears responsible for the PPARγ activity and associated weight gain. Nonetheless, in preclinical models, both stereoisomers reduce plasma glucose and hepatic fibrosis to the same extent as pioglitazone, suggesting that these benefits may also be mediated by altered mitochondrial metabolism. In a phase 1a clinical study, we demonstrated safety and tolerability of single 7.5-mg, 22.5-mg, and 30-mg doses of PXL065 as well as preferential exposure to the (R)-stereoisomer in comparison to 45-mg pioglitazone. Conclusion: PXL065 at a dose lower than 22.5 mg is predicted to exhibit efficacy for NASH equal to, or greater than, 45-mg pioglitazone without the potentially detrimental weight gain and edema. The development of PXL065 for NASH represents a unique opportunity to leverage the therapeutic benefits of pioglitazone, while reducing or eliminating PPARγ-related side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA.,Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA.,Cytokinetics IncSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jeong YS, Lam TG, Jeong S, Ahn SG. Metformin Derivative HL156A Reverses Multidrug Resistance by Inhibiting HOXC6/ERK1/2 Signaling in Multidrug-Resistant Human Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E218. [PMID: 32872293 PMCID: PMC7560051 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a significant clinical crisis in cancer treatment and has been linked to the cellular expression of multidrug efflux transporters. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and mechanisms of the metformin derivative HL156A on human multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. Here, HL156A significantly suppressed cell growth and colony formation through G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MDR cancer cells. HL156A also reduced the wound closure rate and cell migration and induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. We found that HL156A inhibited the expression of MDR1 by inhibiting the HOXC6-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway and increased the sensitivity to paclitaxel or doxorubicin in MDR cells. Furthermore, HL156A significantly inhibited angiogenesis in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. These results suggest the potential of the metformin derivative HL156A as a candidate therapeutic modality for the treatment of human multidrug-resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seho Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (T.G.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (T.G.L.); (S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SA, Lam TG, Yook JI, Ahn SG. Antioxidant modifications induced by the new metformin derivative HL156A regulate metabolic reprogramming in SAMP1/kl (-/-) mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2338-2355. [PMID: 30222592 PMCID: PMC6188477 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a reduced ability to defend against stress, an inability to maintain homeostasis, and an increased risk of disease. In this study, a metabolomics approach was used to identify novel metabolic pathways that are perturbed in a mouse model of accelerated aging (SAMP1/kl-/-) and to gain new insights into the metabolic associations of the metformin derivative HL156A. Extensive inflammation and calcification were observed in the tissues of the SAMP1/kl-/- mice with premature aging. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) obtained from SAMP1/kl-/- mice, we observed that HL156A induced FOXO1 expression through inhibition of the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Treatment of HL156A decreased reactive oxygen species production and enhanced mitochondrial transmembrane potential in SAMP1/kl-/- MEFs. A metabolomic profile analysis showed that HL156A increased the GSH/GSSG ratio in the kidneys of SAMP1/kl-/- mice (8-12 weeks old). In addition, treating SAMP1/kl-/- mice with HL156A (30 mg/kg) for 4 weeks improved survival and decreased the significant elevation of oxidized GSH (GSSG) that was observed in SAMP1/kl-/- mice. In histological sections, HL156A administered SAMP1/kl-/- mice exhibited a decrease in excessive calcification. Based on these findings, we conclude that the new metformin derivative HL156A may inhibit oxidative damage by inducing glutathione metabolism and antioxidant pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Giang Lam
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han XQ, Xu SQ, Lin JG. Curcumin Recovers Intracellular Lipid Droplet Formation Through Increasing Perilipin 5 Gene Expression in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vitro. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:766-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Hepatoprotection of yangonin against hepatic fibrosis in mice via farnesoid X receptor activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105833. [PMID: 31450152 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible would-healing response following chronic liver injury of different aetiologies and represents a major worldwide health problem. Up to date, there is no satisfactory drugs treated for liver fibrosis. The present study was to investigate hepatoprotection of yangonin against liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice and further to clarify the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in vivo and in vitro. Yangonin treatment remarkably ameliorated TAA-induced liver injury by reducing relative liver weight, as well as serum ALT and AST activities. Moreover, yangonin alleviated TAA-induced accumulation of bile acids through increasing the expression of bile acid efflux transporters such as Bsep and Mrp2, and reducing hepatic uptake transporter Ntcp expression, all of these are FXR-target genes. The liver sections stained by H&E indicated that the histopathological change induced by TAA was improved by yangonin. Masson and Sirius red staining indicated the obvious anti-fibrotic effect of yangonin. The mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of yangonin was that yangonin reduced collagen content by regulating the genes involved in hepatic fibrosis including COL1-α1 and TIMP-1. Besides, yangonin inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation by reducing TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression. In addition, yangonin protected against TAA-induced hepatic inflammation via its inhibition of NF-κB and TNF-α. These hepatoprotective effects of yangonin were abrogated by guggulsterone which is a FXR antagonist. In vitro experiment further demonstrated dose-dependent activation of FXR by yangonin using dual-luciferase reporter assay. In summary, yangonin produces hepatoprotection against TAA-induced liver fibrosis via FXR activation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Son J, Cho YW, Woo YJ, Baek YA, Kim EJ, Cho Y, Kim JY, Kim BS, Song JJ, Ha SJ. Metabolic Reprogramming by the Excessive AMPK Activation Exacerbates Antigen-Specific Memory CD8 + T Cell Differentiation after Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e11. [PMID: 31089438 PMCID: PMC6494768 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During virus infection, T cells must be adapted to activation and lineage differentiation states via metabolic reprogramming. Whereas effector CD8+ T cells preferentially use glycolysis for their rapid proliferation, memory CD8+ T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation for their homeostatic maintenance. Particularly, enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity promotes the memory T cell response through different pathways. However, the level of AMPK activation required for optimal memory T cell differentiation remains unclear. A new metformin derivative, IM156, formerly known as HL156A, has been reported to ameliorate various types of fibrosis and inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumors by inducing AMPK activation more potently than metformin. Here, we evaluated the in vivo effects of IM156 on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during their effector and memory differentiation after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Unexpectedly, our results showed that in vivo treatment of IM156 exacerbated the memory differentiation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, resulting in an increase in short-lived effector cells but decrease in memory precursor effector cells. Thus, IM156 treatment impaired the function of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells, indicating that excessive AMPK activation weakens memory T cell differentiation, thereby suppressing recall immune responses. This study suggests that metabolic reprogramming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by regulating the AMPK pathway should be carefully performed and managed to improve the efficacy of T cell vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Son
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Youn Jung Woo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young Ae Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eun Jee Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joon Ye Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mi XJ, Hou JG, Jiang S, Liu Z, Tang S, Liu XX, Wang YP, Chen C, Wang Z, Li W. Maltol Mitigates Thioacetamide-induced Liver Fibrosis through TGF-β1-mediated Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1392-1401. [PMID: 30644744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has confirmed that maltol can attenuate alcohol-induced acute hepatic damage and prevent oxidative stress in mice. Therefore, maltol might have the capacity to improve thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The purpose of this work was to explore the antifibrotic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of maltol for TAA-treated mice. Progressive liver fibrosis was established with a dose-escalating protocol in which the mice received TAA intraperitoneal three times a week for a total duration of 9 weeks. The injection doses of TAA were 50 mg/kg for the first week, 100 mg/kg for the second and third weeks, and 150 mg/kg for the rest of the injections. Maltol with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was given by gavage after 4 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of TAA, respectively, once daily for 5 weeks. Results indicated that TAA intraperitoneal injection significantly increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (52.93 ± 13.21 U/L vs 10.22 ± 3.36 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (67.58 ± 25.84 U/L vs 39.34 ± 3.89 U/L); these elevations were significantly diminished by pretreatment with maltol. Additionally, maltol ameliorated TAA-induced oxidative stress with attenuation in MDA ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) content; evident elevation in the GSH levels, GSH/GSSG ratio ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( p < 0.01); and restored liver histology accompanied by a decrease of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Furthermore, maltol significantly suppressed the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression and the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study suggested that maltol alleviated experimental liver fibrosis by suppressing the activation of HSCs and inducing apoptosis of activated HSCs through TGF-β1-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings further clearly suggested that maltol is a potent therapeutic candidate for the alleviation of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Shan Tang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun 130118 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grouix B, Sarra-Bournet F, Leduc M, Simard JC, Hince K, Geerts L, Blais A, Gervais L, Laverdure A, Felton A, Richard J, Ouboudinar J, Gagnon W, Leblond FA, Laurin P, Gagnon L. PBI-4050 Reduces Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis through Modulation of Intracellular ATP Levels and the Liver Kinase B1/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:71-81. [PMID: 30093459 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for which there is currently no effective therapy. We previously showed that 2-(3-pentylphenyl)acetic acid (PBI-4050) is a dual G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 agonist/GPR84 antagonist that exerts antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative action. We evaluated PBI-4050 for the treatment of liver fibrosis in vivo and elucidated its mechanism of action on human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The antifibrotic effect of PBI-4050 was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis rodent models. Treatment with PBI-4050 suppressed CCl4-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, inflammatory marker nitric oxide synthase, epithelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factor Snail, and multiple profibrotic factors. PBI-4050 also decreased GPR84 mRNA expression in CCl4-induced injury, while restoring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to the control level. Collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels were also attenuated by PBI-4050 treatment in the bile duct ligation rat model. Transforming growth factor-β-activated primary HSCs were used to examine the effect of PBI-4050 and its mechanism of action in vitro. PBI-4050 inhibited HSC proliferation by arresting cells in the G0/G1 cycle phase. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that PBI-4050 signals through a reduction of intracellular ATP levels, activation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), resulting in reduced protein and mRNA levels of α-SMA and connective tissue growth factor and restored PPARγ mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that PBI-4050 may exert antifibrotic activity in the liver through a novel mechanism of action involving modulation of intracellular ATP levels and the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway in stellate cells, and PBI-4050 may be a promising agent for treating liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Leduc
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Kathy Hince
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Esquejo RM, Salatto CT, Delmore J, Albuquerque B, Reyes A, Shi Y, Moccia R, Cokorinos E, Peloquin M, Monetti M, Barricklow J, Bollinger E, Smith BK, Day EA, Nguyen C, Geoghegan KF, Kreeger JM, Opsahl A, Ward J, Kalgutkar AS, Tess D, Butler L, Shirai N, Osborne TF, Steinberg GR, Birnbaum MJ, Cameron KO, Miller RA. Activation of Liver AMPK with PF-06409577 Corrects NAFLD and Lowers Cholesterol in Rodent and Primate Preclinical Models. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:122-132. [PMID: 29673898 PMCID: PMC6014578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism is a significant contributor to cardiometabolic health, resulting in excessive liver lipid accumulation and ultimately non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therapeutic activators of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as a treatment for metabolic diseases; we show that the AMPK β1-biased activator PF-06409577 is capable of lowering hepatic and systemic lipid and cholesterol levels in both rodent and monkey preclinical models. PF-06409577 is able to inhibit de novo lipid and cholesterol synthesis pathways, and causes a reduction in hepatic lipids and mRNA expression of markers of hepatic fibrosis. These effects require AMPK activity in the hepatocytes. Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats or cynomolgus monkeys with PF-06409577 for 6 weeks resulted in a reduction in circulating cholesterol. Together these data suggest that activation of AMPK β1 complexes with PF-06409577 is capable of impacting multiple facets of liver disease and represents a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH in humans. PF-06409577 is a potent activator of AMPK β1 containing complexes. PF-06409577 improves liver function and systemic dyslipidemia in rodents through hepatic AMPK activation. PF-06409577-mediated reductions in circulating cholesterol was observed in monkeys and diabetic rats.
NAFLD and NASH remain poorly treated and are diseases which are growing rapidly in societal cost. Therapeutic mechanisms that impact multiple aspects of the dysregulated metabolic regulation of NAFLD and NASH are needed. Pharmacological AMPK activation has long held promise as a treatment for NAFLD because of its impact on hepatic lipid and cholesterol synthesis, as well as its proposed anti-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic actions. Recent development of clinically viable small molecule AMPK activators, including PF-06409577, has enabled their more thorough characterization in preclinical disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Esquejo
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jake Delmore
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Allan Reyes
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuji Shi
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rob Moccia
- Computational Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily Cokorinos
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mara Monetti
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Barricklow
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Eliza Bollinger
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - John M Kreeger
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Alan Opsahl
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Ward
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - David Tess
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Lynne Butler
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | | | - Russell A Miller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Predictive and preventive significance of AMPK activation on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29449537 PMCID: PMC5833839 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been demonstrated to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metformin acts mainly by phosphorylation of AMPK. However, the phosphorylation status of AMPK and its role in the prediction and prevention of HCC in cirrhotic patients remains unclear. The phosphorylation status of AMPK (Thr172) was determined by immunostaining in tissue microarrays of 426 cirrhotic liver tissues. Low expression of p-AMPK was observed in 94 (22.1%) cases. The median follow-up time was 87 months. HCC occurrence probability at 1/3/5/10 years after Hassab procedure was 3.1/9.6/13.8/30.6% in patients with p-AMPK low expression and 0/0.3/0.3/8% in patients with p-AMPK high expression, respectively. HCC occurrence risk was significantly higher in patients with p-AMPK low expression in univariable analysis (HR, 6.25; 95% CI: 3.36–11.60; P < 0.001) and multivariable analysis (HR, 6.0; 95% CI: 3.24–11.10; P < 0.001). An independent external cohort validated the significance of p-AMPK low expression. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated that AMPK activation status was negatively related to HCC occurrence and blocking autophagy by chloroquine counteracted the protective effect of AMPK phosphorylation. These results present novel insight into a critical predictive role of AMPK activation in hepatocarcinogenesis and AMPK activation seems to be a potential target for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam TG, Jeong YS, Kim SA, Ahn SG. New metformin derivative HL156A prevents oral cancer progression by inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:699-709. [PMID: 29285837 PMCID: PMC5834796 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide widely prescribed as an antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose of the present study was to observe the effects of the new metformin derivative, HL156A, on human oral cancer cell and to investigate its possible mechanisms. It was observed that HL156A significantly decreased FaDu and YD‐10B cell viability and colony formation in a dose‐dependent way. HL156A also markedly reduced wound closure and migration of FaDu and YD‐10B cells. We observed that HL156A decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptotic cells with caspase‐3 and ‐9 activation. HL156A inhibited the expression and activation of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 and its downstream proteins, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ERK1/2. In addition, HL156A activated AMP‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B (AMPK‐NF‐κB) signaling of FaDu and YD‐10B cells. A xenograft mouse model further showed that HL156A suppressed AT84 mouse oral tumor growth, accompanied by down‐regulated p‐IGF‐1, p‐mTOR, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and promoted p‐AMPK and TUNEL expression. These results suggest the potential value of the new metformin derivative HL156A as a candidate for a therapeutic modality for the treatment of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Giang Lam
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao X, Wang C, Ning C, Liu K, Wang X, Liu Z, Sun H, Ma X, Sun P, Meng Q. Hepatoprotection of auraptene from peels of citrus fruits against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by activating farnesoid X receptor. Food Funct 2018; 9:2684-2694. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Auraptene protects against hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li X, Liu R, Zhang L, Jiang Z. The emerging role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cholestatic liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:105-113. [PMID: 28889972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), recognized as an energy sensor with three heterotrimeric subunits (α, β and γ), not only maintains basal intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels but also regulates energy-intensive pathological responses, such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, through multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies open a new direction for AMPK research and demonstrate that AMPK is a critical player in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and plays paradoxical roles in the regulation of different pathological processes, including the disruption of bile acid homeostasis and the regulation of hepatic polarity, inflammation and fibrosis. In the present review, we summarize recent findings that implicate AMPK-mediated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. These findings provide novel insight regarding the potential use of AMPK as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Runping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|