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Wang Z, Fang C, Yao M, Wu D, Chen M, Guo T, Mo J. Research progress of NF-κB signaling pathway and thrombosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257988. [PMID: 37841272 PMCID: PMC10570553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a very common and costly health problem. Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) can cause permanent damage to the venous system and lead to swelling, ulceration, gangrene, and other symptoms in the affected limb. In addition, more than half of the embolus of pulmonary embolism comes from venous thrombosis, which is the most serious cause of death, second only to ischemic heart disease and stroke patients. It can be seen that deep-vein thrombosis has become a serious disease affecting human health. In recent years, with the deepening of research, inflammatory response is considered to be an important pathway to trigger venous thromboembolism, in which the transcription factor NF-κB is the central medium of inflammation, and the NF-κB signaling pathway can regulate the pro-inflammatory and coagulation response. Thus, to explore the mechanism and make use of it may provide new solutions for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chucun Fang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengting Yao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maga Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Ganzhou City Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Heterogeneity in the reported values and methodologies for detecting plasma D-Dimer in rat models: A systematic review. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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3
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Zhu R, Liu TW, Liu F. Exogenous Urokinase Inhibits Proteasomal Degradation of Its Cognate Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:754271. [PMID: 36034808 PMCID: PMC9411529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.754271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a debilitating condition with high incidence and mortality rates. APE is widely treated with the serine protease urokinase or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) that functions by resolving blood clots via catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Treatment with recombinant uPA has been shown to increase endogenous expression of uPA and its cognate receptor, uPAR; however, the mechanisms for this induction are not known. Using an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation model in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, we show that induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation induces apoptosis and increases secretion of tumor necrosis factor–alpha, brain natriuretic peptide, and fractalkine, which are attenuated when treated with exogenous uPA. Induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation resulted in decreased expression of uPAR on cell surface without any significant changes in its messenger RNA expression, highlighting post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Determination of uPAR protein half-life using cycloheximide showed treatment with uPA significantly increased its half-life (209.6 ± 0.2 min from 48.2 ± 2.3 min). Hypoxia/reoxygenation promoted the degradation of uPAR. Inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation using MG-132 and lactacystin revealed that uPAR was actively degraded when hypoxia/reoxygenation was induced and that it was reversed when treated with exogenous uPA. Determination of the proteolytic activity of 20S proteasome showed a global increase in ubiquitin–proteasome activation without an increase in proteasome content in cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Our results cumulatively reveal that uPAR is actively degraded following hypoxia/reoxygenation, and the degradation was significantly weakened by exogenous uPA treatment. Given the importance of the uPA/uPAR axis in a multitude of pathophysiological contexts, these findings provide important yet undefined mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Liu,
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4
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Zhu R, Qi WY, Liu TW, Liu F. MicroRNA 449a can Attenuate Protective Effect of Urokinase Against Pulmonary Embolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:713848. [PMID: 35571119 PMCID: PMC9095938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.713848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a disabling diseases with high incidence rate and mortality rate. Although with high specificity, D-Dimer lacks specificity to assess APE, hence additional diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary. APE is widely treated with serine protease urokinase or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which act as a catalyst for conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to resolve blood clots. However, it is unknown the role of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in protective effect of uPA against APE. Hence, we performed miRNA profiling in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in vitro and a APE mice model in vivo. Our analysis revealed that miR-34a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-331-3p are upregulated with H/R or APE induction, whereas miR-429, miR-491-5p, and miR-449a are downregulated. The differential expression of the miRNAs was attenuated to levels comparable to control by treatment with uPA both in vitro and in vivo. In situ target prediction and analysis of potential functions of the target genes showed that the enrichment of biological processes and pathways were related to cell growth, proliferation, and inflammation. Ectopic overexpression of miR-449a using a mimic completely attenuated the protective effect of uPA in the H/R model in vitro. These results provide a group of miRNAs that could be used as markers, and the modulation of these miRNAs might have potential therapeutic benefits in patients with APE, which need to be validated in additional studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-yi Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-wei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Liu,
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Karpov AA, Vaulina DD, Smirnov SS, Moiseeva OM, Galagudza MM. Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09014. [PMID: 35295664 PMCID: PMC8919224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease. It is associated with high in-hospital mortality and the development of acute and chronic complications. New approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients with PE are largely dependent on reliable animal models. Mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits, are currently most commonly used for PE modeling because of their ethical acceptability and economic feasibility. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to PE modeling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to experimental endpoints, including morphological, functional, and molecular endpoints. All approaches to PE modeling can be broadly divided into three main groups: 1) induction of thromboembolism, either by thrombus formation in vivo or by injection of in vitro prepared blood clots; 2) introduction of particles of non-thrombotic origin; and 3) surgical procedures. The choice of a specific model and animal species is determined based on the objectives of the study. Rodent models of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is the most devastating complication of PE, are also described. CTEPH models are especially challenging because of insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis and high fibrinolytic activity of rodent plasma. The CTEPH model should demonstrate a persistent increase in pulmonary artery pressure and stable reduction of the vascular bed due to recurrent embolism. Based on the analysis of available evidence, one might conclude that currently, there is no single optimal method for modeling PE and CTEPH.
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Alterations in Energy Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Redox Homeostasis in GK Diabetic Rat Tissues Treated with Aspirin. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010104. [PMID: 35054496 PMCID: PMC8780217 DOI: 10.3390/life12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that aspirin treatment prevents inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial function, improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function and preserves tissue-specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox homeostasis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats. In the current study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of aspirin in maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox metabolism in the liver and kidneys of GK rats. Aspirin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-induced changes in GSH metabolism. Aspirin treatment also improved mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism, in addition to regulating the expression of cell signaling proteins that were altered in diabetic animals. Ultrastructural electron microscopy studies revealed decreased accumulation of glycogen in the liver of aspirin-treated diabetic rats. Hypertrophic podocytes with irregular fusion of foot processes in the renal glomerulus and detached microvilli, condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of GK rats were partially restored by aspirin. These results provide additional evidence to support our previous observation of moderation of diabetic complications by aspirin treatment in GK rats and may have implications for cautious use of aspirin in the therapeutic management of diabetes.
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Wang Y, Wang C, Bao S, Nie X. Responses of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in Mugilogobius abei (M. abei) exposed to environmentally relevant concentration aspirin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15663-15673. [PMID: 32080815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Its high detection frequency in various waterborne and environmental residues has drawn wide attention. Limited information were provided for the effects of aspirin exposure on oxidative stress signaling pathway in fish, which is closely related to pathological and immunological process of fish. In this study, a small fish - Mugilogobius abei (M. abei) distributing widely in aquatic ecosystems in southern China, was employed as testing organism and the key genes of the detoxification metabolism were cloned for the first time. The responses of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway were investigated under the environmentally relevant concentration aspirin exposure (0.5 μg L-1, 5 μg L-1, and 50 μg L-1) for 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h then. The transcriptional expression of the key genes (Nrf2, Keap1, GCLC, GPx, GST, SOD, CAT, Trx2, and TrxR) as well as the changes of the related enzymatic activities (GPx, GST, SOD, and CAT) and GSH and MDA content were also determined. Results showed that Nrf2 and Keap1 gene expression displayed a negative correlation to some extent under ASA exposure, the transcriptional expressions of the downstream related genes (GCLC, GST, SOD, CAT, Trx2, and TrxR) in Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway showed inhibition at 24 h but induction at 72 h and 168 h. At the protein level, ASA exposure can improve the antioxidant capacity by increasing GSH synthesis and enzymatic activity of GPx, GST, SOD, and CAT to reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation. We proposed that ASA exposure may interfere with the redox balance in M. abei at an early stage but sub-chronic ASA exposure can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve the antioxidant capacity of M. abei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Urokinase Attenuates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in an Animal Model by Inhibition of Inflammatory Response. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6941368. [PMID: 30671487 PMCID: PMC6323506 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6941368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response is an important determining factor for the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Inflammatory mediators can promote thrombus formation and increase hemodynamic instability. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for the treatment of PTE. The effect of urokinase on inflammatory reaction in PTE is still unclear. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the intervention of urokinase and urokinase combined with aspirin in PTE rats. Results revealed that a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells surrounding the bronchus, vessels, and pulmonary mesenchyme, and even pulmonary abscess were observed in the PTE rats. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression, CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression, and TXA2 were significantly higher. After treatment with urokinase, pulmonary embolism was partially dissolved and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. The expression of TNNI3, BNP, D2D, PASP, PADP, PAMP, and TXA2, as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression and CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression were significantly lowered. Aspirin showed no synergistic action. Therefore, these findings suggested the occurrence of inflammation during the process of PTE in rats. Urokinase treatment reduced the inflammatory response.
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10
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Zhang Z, Yang W, Ying R, Shi Y, Jiang H, Cai D, Kuang J, Yang R, Wang L. Influence of aspirin on the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1580-1588. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Gao H, Cheng Y, Zong L, Huang L, Qiao C, Li W, Gong B, Hu J, Liu H, Wang X, Zhao C. Aspirin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by suppressing the ERK/MAPK pathway. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:34-41. [PMID: 28055284 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1210620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of aspirin (ASA) and its potential mechanisms of action in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. PAH was induced in a rat model by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MCT. Saline was injected in a control group. Two weeks following MCT injection, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in six rats from each group to confirm establishment of a PAH model. The remaining MCT-treated rats were randomly allocated to receive IP injection of saline, ASA, or ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. Four weeks following treatment, RVSP was measured and all rats were sacrificed for histological study. There was no significant difference in SBP in any group two weeks following MCT administration. Nonetheless RVSP was significantly increased in the MCT group compared with the control group. At 6 weeks, ASA treatment remarkably attenuated MCT-induced increased RVSP, RV hypertrophy, and pulmonary artery remodeling compared with the MCT group. The density of pulmonary capillaries in ASA-treated rats was also dramatically increased. Treatment with ASA significantly inhibited the increased p-ERK1/2 and restored the impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in MCT-treated rats. This study demonstrated that ASA distinctively attenuates MCT-induced PAH by inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Cheng
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zong
- b Department of Intensive Care Unit , Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital , Zaozhuang , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Linian Huang
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Qiao
- c Department of Cardiology , First Municipal Hospital of Bengbu , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Beilei Gong
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Chengling Zhao
- a Department of Respiration , First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Bengbu , Anhui , P.R. China
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12
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Pabbidi MR, Ji X, Maxwell JT, Mignery GA, Samarel AM, Lipsius SL. Inhibition of cAMP-Dependent PKA Activates β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 via Raf-1/MEK/ERK and IP3-Dependent Ca2+ Signaling in Atrial Myocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168505. [PMID: 27977772 PMCID: PMC5158063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported in atrial myocytes that inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by laminin (LMN)-integrin signaling activates β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The present study sought to determine the signaling mechanisms by which inhibition of PKA activates β2-AR stimulation of cPLA2. We therefore determined the effects of zinterol (0.1 μM; zint-β2-AR) to stimulate ICa,L in atrial myocytes in the absence (+PKA) and presence (-PKA) of the PKA inhibitor (1 μM) KT5720 and compared these results with atrial myocytes attached to laminin (+LMN). Inhibition of Raf-1 (10 μM GW5074), phospholipase C (PLC; 0.5 μM edelfosine), PKC (4 μM chelerythrine) or IP3 receptor (IP3R) signaling (2 μM 2-APB) significantly inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in-PKA but not +PKA myocytes. Western blots showed that zint-β2-AR stimulation increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in-PKA compared to +PKA myocytes. Adenoviral (Adv) expression of dominant negative (dn) -PKCα, dn-Raf-1 or an IP3 affinity trap, each inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in + LMN myocytes compared to control +LMN myocytes infected with Adv-βgal. In +LMN myocytes, zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L was enhanced by adenoviral overexpression of wild-type cPLA2 and inhibited by double dn-cPLA2S505A/S515A mutant compared to control +LMN myocytes infected with Adv-βgal. In-PKA myocytes depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by 5 μM thapsigargin failed to inhibit zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L via cPLA2. However, disruption of caveolae formation by 10 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in-PKA myocytes significantly more than in +PKA myocytes. We conclude that inhibition of PKA removes inhibition of Raf-1 and thereby allows β2-AR stimulation to act via PKCα/Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2 and IP3-mediated Ca2+ signaling to stimulate cPLA2 signaling within caveolae. These findings may be relevant to the remodeling of β-AR signaling in failing and/or aging heart, both of which exhibit decreases in adenylate cyclase activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cats
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Heart Atria/cytology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - X. Ji
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - J. T. Maxwell
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - G. A. Mignery
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - A. M. Samarel
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - S. L. Lipsius
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
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Keppler-Noreuil KM, Parker VE, Darling TN, Martinez-Agosto JA. Somatic overgrowth disorders of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway & therapeutic strategies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:402-421. [PMID: 27860216 PMCID: PMC5592089 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulation of normal cell growth, metabolism, and survival. Somatic activating mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are among the most common mutations identified in cancer, and have been shown to cause a spectrum of overgrowth syndromes including PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, Proteus syndrome, and brain overgrowth conditions. Clinical findings in these disorders may be isolated or multiple, including sporadic or mosaic overgrowth (adipose, skeletal, muscle, brain, vascular, or lymphatic), and skin abnormalities (including epidermal nevi, hyper-, and hypopigmented lesions), and have the potential risk of tumorigenesis. Key negative regulators of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway include PTEN and TSC1/TSC2 and germline loss-of function mutations of these genes are established to cause PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Mosaic forms of these conditions lead to increased activation of PI3K and mTOR at affected sites and there is phenotypic overlap between these conditions. All are associated with significant morbidity with limited options for treatment other than symptomatic therapies and surgeries. As dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been implicated in cancer, several small molecule inhibitors targeting different components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway are under clinical investigation. The development of these therapies brings closer the prospect of targeting treatment for somatic PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related overgrowth syndromes. This review describes the clinical findings, gene function and pathogenesis of these mosaic overgrowth syndromes, and presents existing and future treatment strategies to reduce or prevent associated complications of these disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Keppler-Noreuil
- National Human Genome Research institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victoria E.R. Parker
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas N. Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julian A. Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Lv Y, Xue L, Cai C, Liu QH, Shen J. Deficiency of myotubularin-related protein 14 influences body weight, metabolism, and inflammation in an age-dependent manner. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:69. [PMID: 26697164 PMCID: PMC4687302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14) is a novel phosphoinositide phosphatase with roles in the maintenance of normal muscle performance, autophagy, and aging in mice. Our initial pilot study demonstrated that MTMR14 knock out (KO) mice gain weight earlier than their wild-type (WT) littermates, which suggests that this gene may also be involved in metabolism regulation. RESULTS The present study evaluated the role of MTMR14 in the development of aging-associated obesity. We found that aged MTMR14 KO mice fed a normal chow diet exhibited increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glucose levels compared to age-matched WT controls. Lipid accumulation was also increased in aged KO mice. Several inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were dramatically dysregulated in the metabolic tissues of aged MTMR14 KO mice compared to control mice. Circulating inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated and plasma adipokine levels were abnormally regulated in aged MTMR14 KO mice. These data suggest that MTMR14 deficiency caused a late-onset inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Further study demonstrated that this exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our current research suggests that MTMR14 deletion induces overweight and adult obesity accompanied by chronic inflammation in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lv
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Congli Cai
- Wuhan Youzhiyou Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
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15
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Aspirin Inhibits LPS-Induced Expression of PI3K/Akt, ERK, NF-κB, CX3CL1, and MMPs in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2015; 39:643-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Inflammation in venous thromboembolism: Cause or consequence? Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:655-65. [PMID: 26253657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a moderately common disease especially in elderly population with high rate of recurrence and complications. Evidence is accumulating that VTE is not restricted to coagulation system and immune system appears to be involved in formation and resolution of thrombus. The present study was aimed at reviewing current evidences on immune system abnormalities such as alterations in cytokines, chemokines and immune cells. Also, current evidences suggest that; a, inflammation in general functions as a double-edged sword, b, inflammation can be both a cause and a consequence of VTE, and c, current anti-coagulation therapies are not well-equipped with the capacity to selectively inhibit inflammatory cells and pathways. Applying such inferences for selective pharmacological targeting of immune mediators in VTE and thereby for adoption of higher effective anti-thromboinflammatory strategies, either therapeutic or prophylactic, is henceforth to be considered as the line of research for future.
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17
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Luo P, Peng H, Li C, Ye Z, Tang H, Tang Y, Chen C, Lou T. Advanced glycation end products induce glomerular endothelial cell hyperpermeability by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase activity. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4447-53. [PMID: 25634678 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of advanced glycation end‑products (AGEs) on the permeability of glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) and determine whether enhanced permeability was due to degradation of tight junction (TJ) complexes by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Cultured monolayers of GEnCs were exposed to AGEs at different doses and treatment durations in the presence or absence of the organic MMP‑2/9 inhibitor (2R)‑2‑((4‑biphenyl sulfony‑l)amino)‑3‑phenylproprionic acid) (BiPs). Expression of the TJ proteins occludin and claudin‑5 was determined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, while the permeability of the GEnCs was measured using transendothelial electrical resistance and by diffusion of 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‑dextran. The activities of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 were assayed using gelatin zymography. The results indicated that AGE‑treated cultures significantly reduced occludin and claudin‑5 immunoreactivity. Similarly, the surface expression of these proteins was significantly reduced and rows of TJs which normally connect endothelial cells became discontinuous or fractured following AGE exposure. Disruption of TJs was accompanied by significantly reduced transendothelial resistance and hyperpermeability to FITC‑dextran. Treatment with AGEs evoked a dose‑ and time‑dependent upregulation of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9. However, co‑administration of AGEs and BiPS, an inhibitor of MMP‑2/MMP‑9, inhibited the downregulation of occludin and claudin‑5, with a concomitant reversal of GEnC monolayer hyperpermeability. In conclusion, AGEs promoted glomerular hyperpermeability in vitro by the MMP‑mediated disruption of TJs. Chronic elevation of endothelial cell AGEs in diabetes mellitus may contribute to glomerular hyperpermeability by inducing the overexpression of MMPs, which degrade TJs, leading to proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
| | - Canming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
| | - Zengchun Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, P.R. China
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18
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Bunevicius A, Kazlauskas H, Raskauskiene N, Mickuviene N, Ndreu R, Corsano E, Bunevicius R. Role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and inteleukin-6 in predicting a poor outcome after a stroke. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:365-72. [PMID: 25967464 DOI: 10.1159/000381218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations can be important biomarkers in the acute stroke setting. In acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, we investigated the association of NT-proBNP, hsCRP, and IL-6 serum concentrations with stroke severity and functional and cognitive outcomes at discharge. METHODS Seventy-eight patients (53 men; median age 72 years) admitted with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 48 h of symptom onset were evaluated for clinical stroke severity (Scandinavian stroke scale; SSS), functional status before the stroke (modified Rankin scale; mRS), and cerebrovascular disease risk factors. Cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination) and functional (mRS) outcomes were evaluated at hospital discharge. Blood samples were drawn for the assessment of NT-proBNP, hsCRP, and IL-6 concentrations within 24 h of admission. RESULTS Greater NT-proBNP and hsCRP serum concentrations were associated with greater clinical stroke severity, adjusting for the patients' gender, age, stroke type, mRS score on admission, and presence of heart failure (β = -0.292, p = 0.012; β = -0.303, p = 0.009). In multivariate adjusted regression models with IL-6, hsCRP, and NT-proBNP considered together, IL-6 and hsCRP remained associated with worse functional (β = 0.210, p = 0.022) and cognitive (β = -0.269, p = 0.014) outcomes at discharge, respectively. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the investigated blood biomarkers produced a minimal increase in predictive values for outcomes at discharge above the SSS score, age, and gender. CONCLUSIONS In acute stroke patients, greater NT-proBNP and hsCRP serum concentrations are independently associated with greater clinical stroke severity. Elevated concentrations of IL-6 and hsCRP are associated with worse functional and cognitive outcomes at discharge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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19
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Wang LC, Jiang RL, Zhang W, Wei LL, Yang RH. Effects of aspirin on the expression of nuclear factor-κB in a rat model of acute pulmonary embolism. World J Emerg Med 2014; 5:229-33. [PMID: 25225590 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a disorder involving the pulmonary circulation resulting from a blockage of the pulmonary artery. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aspirin on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in a rat model of APE. METHODS A total of 108 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=18 rats per group): control group, sham operation group, APE model group, and low-, medium- and high-dose aspirin groups. Six, 24, and 72 hours after the induction of APE, rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose aspirin groups were given aspirin at a respective daily dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg by gavage for three consecutive days. Rats in the other groups were treated with equal volumes of normal saline. Six rats in each group were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate solution at each time point, and then the lung tissues were collected and analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Positive immunohistochemical staining was present in the bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar cells, macrophages, and surrounding bronchial smooth muscle cells. When compared with the APE model group, the number of positive cells was significantly lower in the other groups at each time point (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences were also observed among the aspirin-treated groups at 6 hours (P<0.05, P<0.001). Compared with the APE model group, NF-κB protein expression was reduced in the other groups at each time point (P<0.05, P<0.001). Rats from the APE model group had thrombosis, damaged alveolar walls, and pulmonary hemorrhage, along with different degrees of inflammatory cellular infiltration at each time point. However, pathological changes such as pulmonary hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells were attenuated after the aspirin treatment. CONCLUSION Aspirin can significantly inhibit NF-κB activity in the lung of rats with APE in a dose-dependent manner, and can alleviate lung injury after APE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Cong Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Lin Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ling Wei
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hui Yang
- Hangzhou Hebei Science & Technology Co,. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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