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Nadeem S, Maqbool T, Qureshi JA, Altaf A, Naz S, Azhar MM, Ullah I, Shah TA, Qamar MU, Salamatullah AM. Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:961. [PMID: 38929578 PMCID: PMC11205396 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern worldwide, including in Pakistan. Cardiovascular problems linked with T2DM have a significant impact on individuals and society. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Methods: This study was carried out on 260 subjects divided into controls and diabetics. The diabetics were further divided into four subgroups such as D1: diabetics without cardiovascular issues, D2: diabetics with heart disease, D3: diabetics with stroke, and D4: diabetics with both heart disease and stroke. Anthropometric parameters (age, BMI) and risk factors (smoking, diabetes duration, hypertension) were assessed in all groups. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, creatinine, BSF, and HbA1c were also measured. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism was determined using PCR-RFLP. Results: Hypertension, BMI, and dyslipidemia are defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, and decreased levels of HDL. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia (elevated fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin) in T2DM was linked to vascular complications such as IHD and stroke. Hypertension was prevalent in 79.3% of the population. Stage 2 hypertension was more prevalent in all age groups. It was also noted that common genotypes in the Pakistani population are 3/3, 4/4, 2/3, and 3/4. The frequency of genotypes 3/4 and 2/3 is highest in diabetics with stroke. Genotype 3/3 is present frequently in diabetics with IHD/stroke and patients with both these complications. However, genotype 4/4 is most frequently found in diabetics with IHD. Conclusions: It is concluded that BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia are linked with cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes by affecting the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwar Nadeem
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (J.A.Q.); (A.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (J.A.Q.); (A.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Javed Anver Qureshi
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (J.A.Q.); (A.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Awais Altaf
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (J.A.Q.); (A.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Sadia Naz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Muzammal Mateen Azhar
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan; (S.N.); (J.A.Q.); (A.A.); (I.U.)
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Singh S, Kriti M, K.S. A, Sarma DK, Verma V, Nagpal R, Mohania D, Tiwari R, Kumar M. Deciphering the complex interplay of risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100287. [PMID: 38818227 PMCID: PMC11137529 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and multidimensional landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major global concern. Despite several years of extensive research, the precise underlying causes of T2D remain elusive, but evidence suggests that it is influenced by a myriad of interconnected risk factors such as epigenetics, genetics, gut microbiome, environmental factors, organelle stress, and dietary habits. The number of factors influencing the pathogenesis is increasing day by day which worsens the scenario; meanwhile, the interconnections shoot up the frame. By gaining deeper insights into the contributing factors, we may pave the way for the development of personalized medicine, which could unlock more precise and impactful treatment pathways for individuals with T2D. This review summarizes the state of knowledge about T2D pathogenesis, focusing on the interplay between various risk factors and their implications for future therapeutic strategies. Understanding these factors could lead to tailored treatments targeting specific risk factors and inform prevention efforts on a population level, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with T2D and reducing its burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mona Kriti
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika K.S.
- Christ Deemed to Be University Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, College of Health & Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Dheeraj Mohania
- Dr. R. P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Honoré B, Hajari JN, Pedersen TT, Ilginis T, Al-Abaiji HA, Lønkvist CS, Saunte JP, Olsen DA, Brandslund I, Vorum H, Slidsborg C. Proteomic analysis of diabetic retinopathy identifies potential plasma-protein biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1177-1197. [PMID: 38332693 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify molecular pathways and prognostic- and diagnostic plasma-protein biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy at various stages. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional proteomics study involved plasma from 68 adults, including 15 healthy controls and 53 diabetes patients for various stages of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Plasma was incubated with peptide library beads and eluted proteins were tryptic digested, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry followed by bioinformatics. RESULTS In the 68 samples, 248 of the 731 identified plasma-proteins were present in all samples. Analysis of variance showed differential expression of 58 proteins across the five disease subgroups. Protein-Protein Interaction network (STRING) showed enrichment of various pathways during the diabetic stages. In addition, stage-specific driver proteins were detected for early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct protein profiles according to disease severity and disease type. CONCLUSIONS Molecular pathways in the cholesterol metabolism, complement system, and coagulation cascade were enriched in patients at various stages of diabetic retinopathy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways were enriched in early diabetic retinopathy. Stage-specific proteins for early - and advanced diabetic retinopathy as determined herein could be 'key' players in driving disease development and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies. For type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, the proteomic profiles were especially distinct during the early disease stage. Validation studies should aim to clarify the role of the detected molecular pathways, potential biomarkers, and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Javad Nouri Hajari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Torp Pedersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ilginis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hajer Ahmad Al-Abaiji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes Sepstrup Lønkvist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Peiter Saunte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina Slidsborg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kounatidis D, Vallianou NG, Poulaki A, Evangelopoulos A, Panagopoulos F, Stratigou T, Geladari E, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. ApoB100 and Atherosclerosis: What's New in the 21st Century? Metabolites 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38393015 PMCID: PMC10890411 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ApoB is the main protein of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is further divided into ApoB48 in the intestine and ApoB100 in the liver. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is produced by the liver, contains ApoB100, and is metabolized into its remnants, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). ApoB100 has been suggested to play a crucial role in the formation of the atherogenic plaque. Apart from being a biomarker of atherosclerosis, ApoB100 seems to be implicated in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis per se. In this review, we will focus on the structure, the metabolism, and the function of ApoB100, as well as its role as a predictor biomarker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, we will elaborate upon the molecular mechanisms regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and we will discuss the disorders associated with the APOB gene mutations, and the potential role of various drugs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Poulaki
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Geladari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhao M, Yu WX, Liu SJ, Deng YJ, Zhao ZW, Guo J, Gao QH. Identification and immuno-infiltration analysis of cuproptosis regulators in human spermatogenic dysfunction. Front Genet 2023; 14:1115669. [PMID: 37065492 PMCID: PMC10090386 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cuproptosis seems to promote the progression of diverse diseases. Hence, we explored the cuproptosis regulators in human spermatogenic dysfunction (SD), analyzed the condition of immune cell infiltration, and constructed a predictive model.Methods: Two microarray datasets (GSE4797 and GSE45885) related to male infertility (MI) patients with SD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We utilized the GSE4797 dataset to obtain differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (deCRGs) between SD and normal controls. The correlation between deCRGs and immune cell infiltration status was analyzed. We also explored the molecular clusters of CRGs and the status of immune cell infiltration. Notably, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the cluster-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreso, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed to annotate the enriched genes. Subsequently, we selected an optimal machine-learning model from four models. Finally, nomograms, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the GSE45885 dataset were utilized to verify the predictions’ accuracy.Results: Among SD and normal controls, we confirmed that there are deCRGs and activated immune responses. Through the GSE4797 dataset, we obtained 11 deCRGs. ATP7A, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, PDHA1, PDHB, GLS, CDKN2A, DBT, and GCSH were highly expressed in testicular tissues with SD, whereas LIAS was lowly expressed. Additionally, two clusters were identified in SD. Immune-infiltration analysis showed the existing heterogeneity of immunity at these two clusters. Cuproptosis-related molecular Cluster2 was marked by enhanced expressions of ATP7A, SLC31A1, PDHA1, PDHB, CDKN2A, DBT, and higher proportions of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model based on 5-gene was built, which showed superior performance on the external validation dataset GSE45885 (AUC = 0.812). Therefore, the combined nomogram, calibration curve, and DCA results demonstrated the accuracy of predicting SD.Conclusion: Our study preliminarily illustrates the relationship between SD and cuproptosis. Moreover, a bright predictive model was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Yu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Jing Liu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Deng
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Guo, ; Qing-He Gao,
| | - Qing-He Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Guo, ; Qing-He Gao,
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Saucedo L, Pfister IB, Schild C, Zandi S, Garweg JG. Aqueous Humor Apolipoprotein Concentration and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2406322. [PMID: 36405993 PMCID: PMC9671721 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2406322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of plasma apolipoproteins has been linked to diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, there is scarce information regarding their presence in the aqueous humor (AH) and their role in DR. Here, we aimed at analysing the relationship between apolipoprotein concentrations in human AH and the severity of DR. Concentrations of apolipoproteins were measured retrospectively in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR (n = 23), with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 13), and advanced NPDR/proliferative DR (PDR) (n = 14) using a multiplex immunoassay. Compared to the non-apparent DR group, the concentrations of seven apolipoproteins were elevated in advanced NPDR/PDR (Apo AI 5.8-fold, Apo AII 4.5-fold, Apo CI 3.3-fold, Apo CIII 6.8-fold, Apo D 3.3-fold, Apo E 2.4-fold, and Apo H 6.6-fold). No significant differences were observed in apolipoprotein concentrations between patients with non-apparent DR and healthy controls (n = 17). In conclusion, the AH concentrations of apolipoproteins AI, AII, CI, CIII, D, E, and H increased in advancing stages of DR, suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of DR, which deserves further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Saucedo
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Retina Clinic, Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel B. Pfister
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Retina Clinic, Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christin Schild
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Retina Clinic, Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Souska Zandi
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Retina Clinic, Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Justus G. Garweg
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Retina Clinic, Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Overgaard M, Ravnsborg T, Lohse Z, Bytoft B, Clausen TD, Jensen RB, Damm P, Højlund K, Gravholt CH, Knorr S, Jensen DM. Apolipoprotein D and transthyretin are reduced in female adolescent offspring of women with type 1 diabetes: The EPICOM study. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14776. [PMID: 34940989 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adolescent offspring exposed to maternal diabetes during intrauterine life show a less favourable metabolic profile than the background population. Here, we hypothesize that offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D), possess sex-specific alterations in the serum profile of proteins involved in lipid, metabolic and transport processes and that these alterations are associated with lipid profile and indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. METHODS A prospective nationwide follow-up study (EPICOM) in a Danish population. Blood samples were assessed from offspring of women with T1D (index offspring, n = 267, 13-20 years), and matched control offspring (n = 290). Serum proteins were analysed using a 25-plex cardio-metabolic targeted proteomics assay, which includes 12 apolipoproteins and 13 transport and inflammatory proteins. RESULTS Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) and transthyretin (TTR) were reduced in index females as compared to female controls (-8.1%, p < 0.001 and -6.1%, p = 0.006 respectively), but not in index males (2.2%, p = 0.476 and -2.4%, p = 0.731 respectively). Sex-dependent inverse associations between exposure to maternal T1D in utero and ApoD and TTR were significant after adjusting for age, BMI-SDS and Tanner stage (OR = 0.252 [95% CI 0.085, 0.745], p = 0.013 and OR = 0.149 [95% CI 0.040, 0.553], p = 0.004). ApoD correlated to indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion in a similar sex-specific pattern in crude and adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Low ApoD may be regarded as an early risk marker of metabolic syndrome. A possible link between ApoD and cardiovascular disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Ravnsborg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zuzana Lohse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bytoft
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine D Clausen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Rikke B Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sine Knorr
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte M Jensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Li P, Cong Y, Zhang W, Wang L, Ren L, Li X, Yang S, Zhang Z, Li G, Liu L. Simultaneous quantification of apolipoproteins A-I, E, and J in human plasma by LC-MS/MS for clinical application to diabetes mellitus complicated with cardiovascular disease. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16763-16771. [PMID: 35754896 PMCID: PMC9170378 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (Apos) play an important role in regulating plasma lipid concentration. Complex disorders of Apos are highly related with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and other diseases. Direct measures of lipoprotein fractions for risk assessment suffer from inaccuracy in the dyslipidemia and pathological states. Therefore, a reliable precise assay will be of high clinical utility. LC-MS/MS methods with multiple reaction monitoring modes have proven suitable for multiplexed quantification. We aimed to develop a simple, cost-effective and amenable LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of ApoA-I, ApoE and ApoJ in human plasma. Standards were constructed from substitute matrix and proteotypic peptides for external calibration and corresponding stable isotope labeled peptides were added as internal standards to remove matrix effects. Analytical validation of the assay included the assessment of linearity, accuracy (RE: −3.02% to 5.32%), intra-assay precision (RSD: 2.50% to 6.56%), inter-assay precision (RSD: 0.78% to 6.68%), spiking recovery rate (accuracy: 87.17% to 112.71%), matrix effect (accuracy: 88.03% to 114.87%), and reproducibility and repeatability of sample preparation (RSD: 1.95% to 7.26%). The performance of proteotypic peptides ApoA-I, ApoE and ApoJ was sufficient for triplex quantitation within a linear range from 16.26 to 1626.41 pmol mL−1, 1.03 to 103.35 pmol mL−1 and 0.86 to 86.46 pmol mL−1 respectively. For all quantified peptides, the determination coefficient (R2) was >0.997. Besides, the validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to the quantification of plasma samples in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. We anticipate that this assay may provide an alternative method for future clinical applications. Simultaneous quantification of apolipoproteins A-I, E, and J in human plasma by LC-MS/MS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Yuting Cong
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co. Ltd 518 North Fuquan Road, Changning District Shanghai China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Lulu Ren
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Xin Li
- Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Song Yang
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co. Ltd 518 North Fuquan Road, Changning District Shanghai China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
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RSSDI consensus recommendations for dyslipidemia management in diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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10
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Dong H, Ni W, Bai Y, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Xu J. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of apolipoprotein A1 and B with glycosylated hemoglobin in Chinese adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2751. [PMID: 35177752 PMCID: PMC8854380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins exert a key role on glucose metabolism; however, scarce data have examined the relationship between apolipoproteins and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Chinese adults. This study determined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c in Chinese adults. A total of 1448 subjects (584 men and 864 women) aged 54.8 years were included in a baseline survey, and the concentrations of Apo and HbA1c were measured. A total of 826 participants were followed up approximately once after 3.94 ± 0.62 years. In cross-sectional analysis, serum ApoA1 was inversely associated with HbA1c, while ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio were positively associated with HbA1c. After further adjusting for the potential covariates, a higher ApoA1 was associated with lower HbA1c (Quartile 4 [Q4] vs. Q1 = 5.673% vs. 5.796%, P-trend = 0.014). In contrast, positive association of ApoB concentration and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c level were showed (Q4 vs. Q1 = 5.805% vs. 5.589% for ApoB; Q4 vs. Q1 = 5.841% vs. 5.582% for ApoB/A1 ratio). The longitudinal results showed no significant associations of ApoA1, ApoB levels and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c changes (all P-trends > 0.05). Path analysis suggested that body mass index did not have mediating effect on Apo-HbA1c association. Our findings revealed that higher ApoA1, lower ApoB concentrations and the ApoB/A1 ratio were associated with lower HbA1c level in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Scientific Education Section and Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqing Ni
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamin Bai
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Yuan
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanying Sun
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Xu
- grid.508403.aDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Bonilha I, Hajduch E, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Le Goff W, Sposito AC. The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120807. [PMID: 34940565 PMCID: PMC8708656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7098; Fax: +55-19-3289-410
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12
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Babu SN, Govindarajan S, Noor A. Aloe vera and its two bioactive constituents in alleviation of diabetes -proteomic & mechanistic insights. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114445. [PMID: 34303804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe barbadensis Miller, commonly known as Aloe vera has been used since time immemorial for treatment of various diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, wound healing etc. AIM: Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved is a key to identify different markers for early diagnosis of the disease. The proteomic approach offers a plethora of opportunities to identify markers and targets involved in pathogenesis of diabetes. The present study was undertaken to understand the mechanism of action of Aloe vera and its two constituents (Carbohydrates and Polypeptides) in the alleviation of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through a proteomics approach. METHODS Different groups of rats were fed with Aloe vera extract, carbohydrate fraction and peptide/polypeptide fraction for three weeks. The diabetic rats fed with Aloe vera and its two fractions restored the glucose and insulin levels to normal. The plasma of the rats was depleted with IgG and albumin and proteomic analysis was carried out. Apolipoproteins (dyslipidemia), complement factors (inflammatory pathways), zonulin (intestinal permeability), anti-oxidant related proteins were selected in this study as these are involved in the progression of diabetes. RESULTS It was observed that Aloe vera extract is involved in the alleviation of diabetes through these pathways while the carbohydrate fraction alleviates diabetes through an anti-oxidant mechanism and glucose uptake while the polypeptide fraction alleviates diabetes through the restoration of intestinal permeability by reduced zonulin levels. CONCLUSION The constituents of Aloe vera works different pathways involved in diabetes and the synergistic effect of these constituents make Aloe vera extract a prospective candidate, which can alleviate diabetes through regulation of the pathways involved in the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy N Babu
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Govindarajan
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Xia L, Cheng L, Jiang T, Liu C, Zhang S, Hu H, Dai F, Zhang Q, Lu Y. Estimation of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in combination with diabetic kidney disease and identification of the associated factors in patients attending primary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211051225. [PMID: 34670424 PMCID: PMC8544780 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (DM-CKD) and identify the associated factors in patients attending primary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to collect the demographic information, general clinical data, and details of the kidney disease of patients in 2019 through a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Results A total of 1067 patients with T2DM were studied, of whom 345 had chronic kidney disease (CKD; 32.33%); 18.8%, 12.2%, 58.0%, 9.9% and 1.2% of the participants had stages 1 to 5 CKD. Fifty-point-three percent of the participants were female and they were 59 ± 11.3 years old. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, systolic blood pressure, the duration of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking were associated with DM-CKD. The duration of diabetes was positively associated with body mass index, 2-hour postprandial glucose, fasting blood glucose concentration, glycosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol concentration and triglyceride concentration. Conclusions The incidence of DM-CKD is relatively high in primary hospitals in Anhui Province. Appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures should be instituted according to the age, the duration of diabetes, sex, hypertension, smoking habits, and lipidaemia of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanlan Cheng
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, 12485Anhui Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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14
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Yang C, Xia H, Wan M, Lu Y, Xu D, Yang X, Yang L, Sun G. Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:91. [PMID: 34635132 PMCID: PMC8504108 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed is widely used as a functional food for its rich sources of linolenic acid, lignans and dietary fibers in the world. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is first to evaluate effects of different flaxseed products (whole flaxseed, oil and lignans) on lipid profiles, inflammatory and anthropometric parameters in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases. METHODS Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Web of Science from the inception dates to January, 2020. Weighted mean differences with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using fix or random-effects models. RESULTS Thirty-one RCTs involving 1,698 participants were included. The present meta-analysis revealed that flaxseed consumption had an overall beneficial effect on serum TC, LDL-C, TG, apo B and IL-6 in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases, but not on apo A, HDL-C, hs-CRP, CRP and anthropometric indices. However, different flaxseed products showed obviously different effects. Whole flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced TC (- 11.85 mg/dl, 95% CI - 20.12 to - 3.57, P = 0.005), LDL-C (- 10.51 mg/dl, 95% CI - 14.96 to - 6.06, P < 0.001), TG (- 19.77 mg/dl, 95% CI - 33.61 to - 5.94, P = 0.005), apolipoprotein B (- 5.73 mg/dl, 95% CI - 7.53 to - 3.93, P < 0.001), TC/HDL-C (- 0.10, 95% CI - 0.19 to - 0.003, P = 0.044) and weight (- 0.40 kg, 95% CI - 0.76 to - 0.05, P = 0.027); Lignans supplementation significantly reduced TC (- 17.86 mg/dl, P = 0.004), LDL-C (- 15.47 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and TC/HDL-C (- 0.45, P = 0.04). Although flaxseed oil supplementation had no such lowering-effect on lipid, meta-analysis revealed its lowering-effect on IL-6 (- 0.35 pg/ml, P = 0.033) and hs-CRP (- 1.54 mg/l, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis revealed that whole flaxseed decreased TC, LDL-C and TG levels irrespective of country and the intervention time prescribed, but was more pronounced when the dose of whole flaxseed was ≤ 30 g/day (TC: WMD - 13.61 mg/mL; LDL-C: WMD - 10.52 mg/mL; TG: WMD - 23.52 mg/mL), rather not a dose > 30 g/day. Moreover, a linear relationship between dose of whole flaxseed and absolute changes in C-reactive protein (P = 0.036) and a nonlinear relationship between with IL-6 (P < 0.001) were detected. CONCLUSIONS Flaxseed intervention suggested the positive effects on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases. Of these, whole flaxseed and lignans play an important role in reducing blood lipid, while flaxseed oil mainly plays in anti-inflammatory. Lipid- and weight-lowering was significant when whole flaxseed was consumed at doses < 30 mg/d, for lipid status with mixed dyslipidemia and patients with BMI > 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xepapadaki E, Nikdima I, Sagiadinou EC, Zvintzou E, Kypreos KE. HDL and type 2 diabetes: the chicken or the egg? Diabetologia 2021; 64:1917-1926. [PMID: 34255113 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HDL is a complex macromolecular cluster of various components, such as apolipoproteins, enzymes and lipids. Quality evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies led to the principle that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with the risk of CHD. Nevertheless, the failure of many cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors to protect against CVD casts doubts on this principle and highlights the fact that HDL functionality, as dictated by its proteome and lipidome, also plays an important role in protecting against metabolic disorders. Recent data indicate that HDL-C levels and HDL particle functionality are correlated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a major risk factor for CVD. Hyperglycaemia leads to reduced HDL-C levels and deteriorated HDL functionality, via various alterations in HDL particles' proteome and lipidome. In turn, reduced HDL-C levels and impaired HDL functionality impact the performance of key organs related to glucose homeostasis, such as pancreas and skeletal muscles. Interestingly, different structural alterations in HDL correlate with distinct metabolic abnormalities, as indicated by recent data evaluating the role of apolipoprotein A1 and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in glucose homeostasis. While it is becoming evident that not all HDL disturbances are causatively associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, a bidirectional correlation between these two conditions exists, leading to a perpetual self-feeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Ioanna Nikdima
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Eleftheria C Sagiadinou
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece.
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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16
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Dlouha L, Pelikanova T, Veleba J, Adamkova V, Lanska V, Sosna T, Pacal L, Kankova K, Hubacek JA. The APOE4 allele is associated with a decreased risk of retinopathy in type 2 diabetics. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5873-5879. [PMID: 34328600 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common polymorphisms within the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are suggested to be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the potential association with T2DM complications (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) remains unclear. We perform the case-control study to analyse the association between the APOE polymorphism and risk of T2DM and to analysed the potential relationship between the APOE and T2DM complications. METHODS AND RESULTS APOE variants (rs429358 and rs7412) were genotyped by TaqMan assay in T2DM patients (N = 1274; N = 829 with complications including retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy status) and with PCR-RFLP in healthy nondiabetic controls (N = 2055). The comparison of subjects with genotypes associated with low plasma cholesterol (APOE2/E2 and APOE2/E3 carriers vs. others) did not show an association with T2DM (OR [95% CI] = 0.88 [0.71-1.08). The differences remained insignificant after adjusting for diabetes duration, sex and BMI. Carriers of at least one APOE4 allele (rs429358) are protected against T2DM related retinopathy (OR [95% CI] = 0.65 [0.42-0.99]. Protection against retinopathy is driven mostly by females (OR [95% CI] = 0.50 [0.25-0.99]); and remains significant (P = 0.044) after adjustment for diabetes duration and BMI. CONCLUSION Common APOE polymorphism was not associated with T2DM in the Czech population. Yet, APOE4 allele revealed an association with retinopathy. In particular, female T2DM patients with at least one APOE4 allele exhibit lower prevalence of retinopathy in our study subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dlouha
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicka 7, 12808, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Veleba
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Adamkova
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Statistical Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sosna
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Pacal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kankova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, 14021, Czech Republic.
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 1, 12808, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112233. [PMID: 34063950 PMCID: PMC8196572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) are commonly known for their anti-atherogenic properties that include functions such as the promotion of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, because of some chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), significant changes occur in HDLs in terms of both structure and composition. These alterations lead to the loss of HDLs’ physiological functions, to transformation into dysfunctional lipoproteins, and to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we describe the main HDL structural/functional alterations observed in T2DM and the molecular mechanisms involved in these T2DM-derived modifications. Finally, the main available therapeutic interventions targeting HDL in diabetes are discussed.
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18
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Zhang SQ, Wang LL, Li YT, Wang G, Li L, Sun SZ, Yao LJ, Shen L. MicroRNA-126 Attenuates the Effect of Chemokine CXCL8 on Proliferation, Migration, Apoptosis, and MAPK-Dependent Signaling Activity of Vascular Endothelial Cells Cultured in a Medium with High Glucose Concentration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:202-207. [PMID: 34173106 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms by which microRNA-126 regulates proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in a medium with high glucose concentration and treated with chemokine CXCL8. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed by the CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-PI staining, and Transwell assay, respectively. The ratios of p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38, p-JNK/JNK were determined by ELISA. HUVEC cells cultured in the presence of high glucose concentration (30 mmol/ml) and treated with CXCL8 (50 ng/ml) demonstrated more intensive proliferation, migration, and p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38, and p-JNK/JNK ratios and significantly lower apoptosis rate than control cells (high glucose, no treatment) and cells treated with CXCL8 and transfected with microRNA-126-mimic. Thus, microRNA-126 regulates proliferation and migration of HUVEC cells cultured in the presence of high glucose concentrations and treated with CXCL8 through inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Zhang
- Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L L Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Tissue Injury Repair, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y T Li
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Tissue Injury Repair, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Tissue Injury Repair, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - S Z Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L J Yao
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L Shen
- Department of Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Tissue Injury Repair, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
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19
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HDL Cholesterol and Non-Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094547. [PMID: 33925284 PMCID: PMC8123633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has traditionally been considered the “good cholesterol”, and most of the research regarding HDL cholesterol has for decades revolved around the possible role of HDL in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential within atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Randomized trials aiming at increasing HDL cholesterol have, however, failed and left questions to what role HDL cholesterol plays in human health and disease. Recent observational studies involving non-cardiovascular diseases have shown that high levels of HDL cholesterol are not necessarily associated with beneficial outcomes as observed for age-related macular degeneration, type II diabetes, dementia, infection, and mortality. In this narrative review, we discuss these interesting associations between HDL cholesterol and non-cardiovascular diseases, covering observational studies, human genetics, and plausible mechanisms.
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Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism with Lipid Profile and Ischemic Stroke Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5527736. [PMID: 33833872 PMCID: PMC8018876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered lipid profiles have consistently been linked to cerebrovascular events. Ischemic stroke (IS) was a common comorbid condition established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene which has a notably critical function in lipoprotein metabolism is believed as one of the potential candidate genes susceptible to IS complications in T2DM. This research aimed to determine the association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with lipid profile and IS risk in T2DM patients. Methods This case-control study involved a total of 60 diabetic participants divided into two groups with and without IS. ApoE was genotyped using PCR and sequencing analysis. Results The most predominant genotype observed in 27 participants (45%) was E3/E3. Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in ε2 carriers (p=0.003; 95% CI -23.35--4.89) and ε4 carriers (p=0.019; 95% CI 1.38-14.55) compared to ε3 homozygotes. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had no association with ApoE gene polymorphism in this study. ApoE gene polymorphism was not related to IS in T2DM (p=0.06; adjusted OR: 4.71; 95% CI 0.93-23.79). Conclusions ApoE ε2 and ε4 carriers were associated with lower levels of HDL-C. No association was identified between ApoE gene polymorphism and IS in T2DM patients.
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Tageldeen MM, Badrawy H, Abdelmeguid M, Zaghlol M, Gaber N, Kenawy EM. Apolipoprotein M Gene Polymorphism Rs805297 (C-1065A): Association With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Related Microvascular Complications in South Egypt. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:48-55. [PMID: 33621527 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) may have a role in the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the ApoM gene were found to be significantly associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ApoM SNP rs805297 (C-1065A) with the susceptibility of T2DM and related microvascular complications in South Egypt. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 60 T2DM patients and 60 healthy control subjects. Lipid profile, fasting, and 2 hours postprandial glucose and creatinine levels were estimated. Patients were subjected to general and Fundus examinations, and screening for nephropathy by urinary albumin levels. ApoM level was assayed by ELISA. Genotyping of the human ApoM gene polymorphism SNP rs805297 (C-1065A) was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by sequencing to confirm the polymorphism results. RESULTS ApoM was not different between T2DM and the control group (p=0.075) and was negatively correlated with LDL-c (p=0.029). There were significant differences in ApoM genotypes (p=0.001) and allele frequencies (p=0.019) between T2DM and the control group. A significant reduction in FBG, 2hPPG, and HbA1c levels in the heterozygous than the wild genotype in the group with diabetes with no difference in other lab parameters and microvascular complications. The C-allele is associated with lower blood glucose levels and retinopathy. The wild (CC) genotype is considered as a risk factor for developing T2DM in South Egyptians but not CA+AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS In South Egyptians the ApoM polymorphism rs805297 (C-1065A) wild type (CC) was associated with T2DM susceptibility and may have a role in controlling hyperglycemia in these patients. The A-allele is associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosny Badrawy
- Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdelmeguid
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Zaghlol
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha Gaber
- Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eglal Mohamed Kenawy
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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22
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Abstract
Clinical laboratory tests are a critical component of the continuum of care. We evaluate the genetic basis of 35 blood and urine laboratory measurements in the UK Biobank (n = 363,228 individuals). We identify 1,857 loci associated with at least one trait, containing 3,374 fine-mapped associations and additional sets of large-effect (>0.1 s.d.) protein-altering, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and copy number variant (CNV) associations. Through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we discover 51 causal relationships, including previously known agonistic effects of urate on gout and cystatin C on stroke. Finally, we develop polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for each biomarker and build 'multi-PRS' models for diseases using 35 PRSs simultaneously, which improved chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, gout and alcoholic cirrhosis genetic risk stratification in an independent dataset (FinnGen; n = 135,500) relative to single-disease PRSs. Together, our results delineate the genetic basis of biomarkers and their causal influences on diseases and improve genetic risk stratification for common diseases.
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23
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Golea-Secara A, Munteanu C, Sarbu M, Cretu OM, Velciov S, Vlad A, Bob F, Gadalean F, Gluhovschi C, Milas O, Simulescu A, Mogos-Stefan M, Patruica M, Petrica L, Zamfir AD. Urinary proteins detected using modern proteomics intervene in early type 2 diabetic kidney disease – a pilot study. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1521-1536. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An advanced proteomics platform for protein biomarker discovery in diabetic chronic kidney disease (DKD) was developed, validated and implemented. Materials & methods: Three Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and three control subjects were enrolled. Urinary peptides were extracted, samples were analyzed on a hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro instrument. Raw data were searched using the SEQUEST algorithm and integrated into Proteome Discoverer platform. Results & discussion: Unique peptide sequences, resulted sequence coverage, scoring of peptide spectrum matches were reported to albuminuria and databases. Five proteins that can be associated with early DKD were found: apolipoprotein AI, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cytidine deaminase, S100-A8 and hemoglobin subunit delta. Conclusion: Urinary proteome analysis could be used to evaluate mechanisms of pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Golea-Secara
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Electrochemistry & Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian M Cretu
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Surgery I, Municipal Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Oana Milas
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Simulescu
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Mogos-Stefan
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Patruica
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Centre of Translational Research & Systems Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- National Institute for Research & Development in Electrochemistry & Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
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Moosaie F, Firouzabadi FD, Abouhamzeh K, Esteghamati S, Meysamie A, Rabizadeh S, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Lp(a) and Apo-lipoproteins as predictors for micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes: A case-cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1723-1731. [PMID: 32636121 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the associations between Lp(a), Apo A1, Apo B, and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio with micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS In this case-cohort study, 1057 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were followed in the diabetes clinic of Vali-Asr Hospital from 2014 to 2019. The association between serum Lp (a) and apolipoproteins with cardiovascular disease (CVD), neuropathy, and nephropathy were assessed by using binary regression analysis. The ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive properties of proteins. Youden index was used to calculate cutoff values. Among patients with T2DM, 242, 231, and 91 patients developed CVD, neuropathy, and nephropathy, respectively. The serum Lp (a) level was positively correlated with the development of all three. (P-values = 0.022, 0.042, and 0.038, respectively). The Apo A1 level was negatively correlated with nephropathy. Among the biomarkers, Lp(a) had the highest AUC for prediction of CVD, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Calculated cutoff values of Lp(a), and Apo A1 levels were higher than the standard cutoff values. CONCLUSION Serum level of Lp(a) is a predictor for CVD, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Based on the calculated cutoff values in patients with T2DM, we should consider diabetic complications at higher levels of Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosaie
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh D Firouzabadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Abouhamzeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Serum Glycoproteomic Alterations in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030025. [PMID: 32933222 PMCID: PMC7565786 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis are unclear, and treatment options are limited. There is an urgent need to discover and develop novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that plays a critical role in determining protein structure, function, and stability. Recent studies have found that serum glycoproteomic changes are associated with the presence or progression of several inflammatory diseases. However, very little is known about the glycoproteomic changes associated with DR. In this study, glycoproteomic profiling of the serum of diabetic patients with and without DR was performed. A total of 15 glycopeptides from 11 glycoproteins were found to be significantly altered (5 upregulated and 10 downregulated) within the serum glycoproteome of DR patients. These glycoproteins are known to be involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and complement system through peptidolytic activity or regulation.
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Deischinger C, Dervic E, Leutner M, Kosi-Trebotic L, Klimek P, Kautzky A, Kautzky-Willer A. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001430. [PMID: 32973072 PMCID: PMC7517557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both diabetes mellitus and being female significantly increase the risk of being diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The diagnosis of MDD, combined with diabetes mellitus, can be detrimental in terms of mortality and morbidity. We aimed at investigating the impact of diabetes mellitus on the gender gap in MDD over the course of a human lifetime. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study over the course of 17 years, medical claims data of the general Austrian population (n=8 996 916) between 1997 and 2014 was analyzed. Of these, 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted and compared with non-diabetic controls. RESULTS In a cohort of 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus and 1 933 218 controls (52% females, 48% males), women with diabetes had 2.55 times increased ORs to be diagnosed with MDD compared with women without diabetes (95% CI 2.48 to 2.62, p<0.001) between the age of 30 and 69 years. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of MDD was significantly smaller in men (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.80 to 1.91, p<0.001). Between 0 and 30 years and after age 70 years, the gender gap of MDD was not different between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The peak of the gender gap in MDD in patients with diabetes mellitus was around the age of 40-49 years. A sensitivity analysis identified overweight, obesity and alcohol dependence as the most potent influencing factors of the widening of the gender gap among patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a stronger risk factor for MDD in women than in men, with the greatest width of the gender gap between 40 and 49 years. High-risk patients for MDD, such as overweight female patients with diabetes, should be more carefully assessed and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Deischinger
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Elma Dervic
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Lana Kosi-Trebotic
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Klimek
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Gender Institute, Gars am Kamp, Austria
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27
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Cheema AK, Kaur P, Fadel A, Younes N, Zirie M, Rizk NM. Integrated Datasets of Proteomic and Metabolomic Biomarkers to Predict Its Impacts on Comorbidities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2409-2431. [PMID: 32753925 PMCID: PMC7354282 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s244432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to accomplish a relative exploration of the biological roles of differentially dysregulated genes (DRGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to determine the impact of these DRGs on the biological pathways and networks that are related to the associated disorders and complications in T2DM and to predict its role as prospective biomarkers. METHODS Datasets obtained from metabolomic and proteomic profiling were used for investigation of the differential expression of the genes. A subset of DRGs was integrated into IPA software to explore its biological pathways, related diseases, and their regulation in T2DM. Upon entry into the IPA, only 94 of the DRGs were recognizable, mapped, and matched within the database. RESULTS The study identified networks that explore the dysregulation of several functions; cell components such as degranulation of cells; molecular transport process and metabolism of cellular proteins; and inflammatory responses. Top disorders associated with DRGs in T2DM are related to organ injuries such as renal damage, connective tissue disorders, and acute inflammatory disorders. Upstream regulator analysis predicted the role of several transcription factors of interest, such as STAT3 and HIF alpha, as well as many kinases such as JAK kinases, which affects the gene expression of the dataset in T2DM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) is the top regulator of the DRGs, followed by leptin (LEP). Monitoring the dysregulation of the coupled expression of the following biomarkers (TNF, IL6, LEP, AGT, APOE, F2, SPP1, and INS) highlights that they could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers. CONCLUSION The integration of data obtained by advanced metabolomic and proteomic technologies has made it probable to advantage in understanding the role of these biomarkers in the identification of significant biological processes, pathways, and regulators that are associated with T2DM and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amina Fadel
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noura Younes
- Clinical Chemistry Lab, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Zirie
- Endocrine Department, Hammad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasser M Rizk
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Physiology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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28
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Fanni G, Rosato R, Gentile L, Anselmino M, Frea S, Ponzo V, Pellegrini M, Broglio F, Pivari F, De Ferrari GM, Ghigo E, Bo S. Is HDL cholesterol protective in patients with type 2 diabetes? A retrospective population-based cohort study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:189. [PMID: 32375888 PMCID: PMC7203837 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective role of high HDL cholesterol levels against cardiovascular diseases has been recently questioned. Limited data are available on this specific topic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the association of HDL cholesterol concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a historical cohort of T2DM patients with 14 years of follow-up. METHODS This is a retrospective population-based cohort study involving 2113 T2DM patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of Asti. Survival analyses were performed to assess hazard ratios for overall and specific-cause mortality by HDL cholesterol tertiles, using the middle HDL cholesterol tertile as a reference. RESULTS The mean age was 66 ± 11 years; 51.4% of patients had low HDL-cholesterol levels. After a 14-year follow-up, 973/2112 patients had died (46.1%). The HDL cholesterol tertile cut-off points were 37.5 and 47.5 mg/dL (males) and 41.5 and 52.0 mg/dL (females). No associations between lower and upper HDL cholesterol tertiles respectively and all-cause (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.96-1.32; HR = 1.11; 0.95-1.30), cardiovascular (HR = 0.97; 0.77-1.23; HR = 0.94; 0.75-1.18) or cancer (HR = 0.92; 0.67-1.25; HR = 0.89; 0.66-1.21) mortality were found. A significantly increased risk for infectious disease death was found both in the lower (HR = 2.62; 1.44-4.74) and the upper HDL-cholesterol tertiles (HR = 2.05; 1.09-3.85) when compared to the reference. Individuals in the upper tertile showed an increased risk for mortality due to diabetes-related causes (HR = 1.87; 1.10-3.15). CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate the hypothesis that HDL cholesterol levels are nonprotective in T2DM patients. The U-shaped association between HDL-cholesterol levels and mortality associated with infectious diseases should be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Anselmino
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Frea
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy.
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Li R, Sun Q, Lam SM, Chen R, Zhu J, Gu W, Zhang L, Tian H, Zhang K, Chen LC, Sun Q, Shui G, Liu C. Sex-dependent effects of ambient PM 2.5 pollution on insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32321544 PMCID: PMC7178763 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Emerging evidence supports ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sex-dependent vulnerability in response to PM2.5 exposure and investigate the underlying mechanism by which PM2.5 modulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Methods Both male and female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to ambient PM2.5 or filtered air for 24 weeks via a whole body exposure system. High-coverage quantitative lipidomics approaches and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques were performed to measure hepatic metabolites and hormones in plasma. Metabolic studies, histological analyses, as well as gene expression levels and molecular signal transduction analysis were applied to examine the effects and mechanisms by which PM2.5 exposure-induced metabolic disorder. Results Female mice were more susceptible than their male counterparts to ambient PM2.5 exposure-induced IR and hepatic lipid accumulation. The hepatic lipid profile was changed in response to ambient PM2.5 exposure. Levels of hepatic triacylglycerols (TAGs), free fatty acids (FFAs) and cholesterol were only increased in female mice from PM group compared to control group. Plasmalogens were dysregulated in the liver from PM2.5-exposed mice as well. In addition, exposure to PM2.5 led to enhanced hepatic ApoB and microsomal triglyceride transport protein expression in female mice. Finally, PM2.5 exposure inhibited hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and decreased glucocorticoids levels, which may contribute to the vulnerability in PM2.5-induced metabolic dysfunction. Conclusions Ambient PM2.5 exposure inhibited HPA axis and demonstrated sex-associated differences in its effects on IR and disorder of hepatic lipid metabolism. These findings provide new mechanistic evidence of hormone regulation in air pollution-mediated metabolic abnormalities of lipids and more personalized care should be considered in terms of sex-specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd, Building 2, Room 306, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyao Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd, Building 2, Room 306, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd, Building 2, Room 306, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 215, Hangzhou, 310053, China. .,Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Li L, Wu L, E X, Yan W, Cai X, Han J, Sun L. Novel nonapeptide GLP (28-36) amide derivatives with improved hypoglycemic and body weight lowering effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1670-1676. [PMID: 30878191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has emerged as a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The nonapeptide GLP-1 (28-36) amide is one of the biological C-terminal products of GLP-1 modified by the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) 24.11 with limited hypoglycemic activity. In this study, we focused on the modification of GLP-1 (28-36) amide for the first time and synthesized a series of GLP-1 (28-36) amide analogues. Results of biological activity evaluation in INS-1 cell, STZ-induced diabetic and diet induced obesity (DIO) mice indicated that S3 as a promising candidate to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Li
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Xia E
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Wenru Yan
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Xingguang Cai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
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31
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Skeletal Muscle Lipid Droplets and the Athlete's Paradox. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030249. [PMID: 30875966 PMCID: PMC6468652 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle enveloped by a monolayer phospholipid membrane with a core of neutral lipids, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. The available evidence suggests that the LD is essential to maintaining lipid homeostasis in almost all organisms. As a consequence, LDs also play an important role in pathological metabolic processes involving the ectopic storage of neutral lipids, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, steatosis, and obesity. The degree of insulin resistance in T2DM patients is positively correlated with the size of skeletal muscle LDs. Aerobic exercise can reduce the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. However, trained athletes accumulate lipids in their skeletal muscle, and LD size in their muscle tissue is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. This phenomenon is called the athlete’s paradox. This review will summarize previous studies on the relationship between LDs in skeletal muscle and metabolic diseases and will discuss the paradox at the level of LDs.
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