1
|
Meng S, Jiangtao B, Haisong W, Mei L, Long Z, Shanfeng L. RNA m 5C methylation: a potential modulator of innate immune pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362159. [PMID: 38807595 PMCID: PMC11131105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As reported, aberrant m5C methylation is closely associated with the progression, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of HCC. The innate immune system functions as the primary defense mechanism in the body against pathogenic infections and tumors since it can activate innate immune pathways through pattern recognition receptors to exert anti-infection and anti-tumor effects. Recently, m5C methylation has been demonstrated to affect the activation of innate immune pathways including TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways by modulating RNA function, unveiling new mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate immune responses by tumor cells. However, research on m5C methylation and its interplay with innate immune pathways is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review details the biological significance of RNA m5C methylation in HCC and discusses its potential regulatory relationship with TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways, thereby providing fresh insights into the role of RNA methylation in the innate immune mechanisms and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Shanfeng
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Fan W, Yao C, Wang H, Lu X, Wang Y, Liu P, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chu B, Shi L, Yang G, Wang M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of quinazoline and pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivatives as TLR7 agonists for antiviral agents. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2764-2773. [PMID: 38497199 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a critical role in the innate immune response, and toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an important member of PRRs. Although several TLR7 agonists are available, most of them are being tested clinically, with only one available on the market. Thus, it is imperative to develop new TLR7 agonists. In this study, we designed and synthesized three kinds of quinazoline derivatives and five kinds of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives targeting TLR7. The antiviral efficacy of these compounds was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicated that four kinds of compounds showed exceptional antiviral activity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies confirmed that compound 11 successfully positioned itself in the pocket of the TLR7 guanosine loading site with a binding energy of -4.45 kcal mol-1. These results suggested that these compounds might be potential antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450044, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Chen Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Xiuxiang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Pengxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450044, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - BeiBei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratories of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Negussie AH, Mikhail AS, Owen JW, Hong N, Carlson CJ, Tang Y, Carrow KP, Mauda-Havakuk M, Lewis AL, Karanian JW, Pritchard WF, Wood BJ. In vitro characterization of immune modulating drug-eluting immunobeads towards transarterial embolization in cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21886. [PMID: 36535979 PMCID: PMC9763333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive liver cancer with limited effective treatment options. In this study, we selected TLR agonists imiquimod (IMQ), gardiquimod (GARD), GS-9620 and DSR 6434, and a small molecule checkpoint inhibitor, BMS-202, for characterization of drug loading and release from radiopaque embolic beads (DC Bead LUMI) for potential use in image-guided transarterial embolization (TACE) of HCC. The maximum drug loading capacity and amount of drug released over time were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and compared with the commonly used anthracycline, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox). Maximum drug loading was 204.54 ± 3.87, 65.28 ± 3.09, 65.95 ± 6.96, 65.97 ± 1.54, and 148.05 ± 2.24 mg of drug per milliliter of DC Bead LUMI for Dox, GARD, DSR 6434, IMQ, and BMS-202, respectively. Fast loading and subsequent rapid release in saline were observed for IMQ, GARD, and DSR 6434. These drugs could also be partially removed from the beads by repeated washing with de-ionized water suggesting weak interaction with the beads. Aggregation of IMQ was observed in water and saline. GS-9620 partially decomposed in the solubilizing solution, so loading and release were not characterized. Compared to TLR agonists, slower loading and release were observed for Dox and BMS-202. Potential factors influencing drug loading into and release from DC Bead LUMI including steric hinderance, hydrophobicity, drug pKa, and the electrostatic nature of the beads are discussed. The maximum loading capacity of BMS-202 and Dox in DC Bead LUMI exceeded the maximum theoretical loading capacity of the beads expected from ionic interaction alone suggesting additional drug-bead or drug-drug interactions may play a role. Slightly more release was observed for BMS-202 at early time points followed by a slower release compared to Dox. Further study of these drug-bead combinations is warranted in search of new tools for locoregional delivery of immune-modulating agents for treatment of HCC via drug-eluting bead chemoembolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayele H. Negussie
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andrew S. Mikhail
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Joshua W. Owen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Natalie Hong
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Camella J. Carlson
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yiqing Tang
- grid.431821.dBiocompatibles UK Ltd (a BTG International Group Company), Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL Surrey UK
| | - Kendal Paige Carrow
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andrew L. Lewis
- grid.431821.dBiocompatibles UK Ltd (a BTG International Group Company), Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL Surrey UK
| | - John W. Karanian
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William F. Pritchard
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Bradford J. Wood
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khanmohammadi S, Kuchay MS. Toll-like receptors and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
5
|
Rezayatmand H, Razmkhah M, Razeghian-Jahromi I. Drug resistance in cancer therapy: the Pandora's Box of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 35505363 PMCID: PMC9066908 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main culprit of failure in cancer therapy that may lead to cancer relapse. This resistance mostly originates from rare, but impactful presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ability to self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous cancer cells, and harboring morphologically and phenotypically distinct cells are prominent features of CSCs. Also, CSCs substantially contribute to metastatic dissemination. They possess several mechanisms that help them to survive even after exposure to chemotherapy drugs. Although chemotherapy is able to destroy the bulk of tumor cells, CSCs are left almost intact, and make tumor entity resistant to treatment. Eradication of a tumor mass needs complete removal of tumor cells as well as CSCs. Therefore, it is important to elucidate key features underlying drug resistance raised by CSCs in order to apply effective treatment strategies. However, the challenging point that threatens safety and specificity of chemotherapy is the common characteristics between CSCs and normal peers such as signaling pathways and markers. In the present study, we tried to present a comprehensive appraisal on CSCs, mechanisms of their drug resistance, and recent therapeutic methods targeting this type of noxious cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 3rd Floor, Mohammad Rasoolallah Research Tower, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matboli M, Hassan MK, Ali MA, Mansour MT, Elsayed W, Atteya R, Aly HS, Meteini ME, Elghazaly H, El-Khamisy S, Agwa SHA. Impact of circ-0000221 in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular via Modulation of miR-661-PTPN11 mRNA Axis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010138. [PMID: 35057034 PMCID: PMC8778063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in Egypt. A deep understanding of the molecular events occurring in HCC can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we describe a novel axis of hsa-circ-0000221–miR-661–PTPN11 mRNA proposed by in silico and in vitro analysis and its role in HCC pathogenesis. We observe a reduction in the expression levels of hsa-circ-0000221 and PTPN11 mRNA in HCC patients’ sera tested compared with control subjects. The reduction occurs with a concomitant increase in the expression of miR-661. Furthermore, the introduction of exogenous hsa-circ-0000221 into Hep-G2 or SNU449 cell lines results in detectable decrease in cellular viability and an increase in apoptotic manifestations that is associated with G1 accumulation and CCDN1 overexpression. Altogether, these findings indicate the tumor-suppressive role of hsa-circ-0000221 in HCC, which acts through miR-661 inhibition, along with a subsequent PTPN11 mRNA increase, where PTPN11 is known to inhibit cell proliferation in many forms of cancer. Our study encourages further investigation of the role of circRNAs in cancer and their potential use as molecular biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.H.A.A.)
| | - Mohmed Kamal Hassan
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.K.H.); (W.E.); (R.A.)
- Biotechnology Program, Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Ali
- Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 11774, Egypt; (M.A.A.); or (M.T.M.)
| | - Mohamed Tarek Mansour
- Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 11774, Egypt; (M.A.A.); or (M.T.M.)
| | - Waheba Elsayed
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.K.H.); (W.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Reham Atteya
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.K.H.); (W.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Hebatallah Said Aly
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud El Meteini
- Department of General Surgery, The School of Medicine, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia, Cairo 11382, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Elghazaly
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo 11382, Egypt;
| | - Sherif El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, The Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sara H. A. Agwa
- Clinical pathology and Molecular Genomics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo 11382, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.H.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding FP, Tian JY, Wu J, Han DF, Zhao D. Identification of key genes as predictive biomarkers for osteosarcoma metastasis using translational bioinformatics. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:640. [PMID: 34856991 PMCID: PMC8638136 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality, however, no sufficient clinical biomarkers have been identified. In this study, we identified five genes to help predict metastasis at diagnosis. Methods We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the most relevant gene modules associated with OS metastasis. An important machine learning algorithm, the support vector machine (SVM), was employed to predict key genes for classifying the OS metastasis phenotype. Finally, we investigated the clinical significance of key genes and their enriched pathways. Results Eighteen modules were identified in WGCNA, among which the pink, red, brown, blue, and turquoise modules demonstrated good preservation. In the five modules, the brown and red modules were highly correlated with OS metastasis. Genes in the two modules closely interacted in protein–protein interaction networks and were therefore chosen for further analysis. Genes in the two modules were primarily enriched in the biological processes associated with tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, 65 differentially expressed genes were identified as common hub genes in both WGCNA and protein–protein interaction networks. SVM classifiers with the maximum area under the curve were based on 30 and 15 genes in the brown and red modules, respectively. The clinical significance of the 45 hub genes was analyzed. Of the 45 genes, 17 were found to be significantly correlated with survival time. Finally, 5/17 genes, including ADAP2 (P = 0.0094), LCP2 (P = 0.013), ARHGAP25 (P = 0.0049), CD53 (P = 0.016), and TLR7 (P = 0.04) were significantly correlated with the metastatic phenotype. In vitro verification, western blotting, wound healing analyses, transwell invasion assays, proliferation assays, and colony formation assays indicated that ARHGAP25 promoted OS cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Conclusion We identified five genes, namely ADAP2, LCP2, ARHGAP25, CD53, and TLR7, as candidate biomarkers for the prediction of OS metastasis; ARHGAP25 inhibits MG63 OS cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, indicating that ARHGAP25 can serve as a promising specific and prognostic biomarker for OS metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02308-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dong-Feng Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ding Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaneko D, Ninomiya M, Yoshikawa R, Ono Y, Sonawane AD, Tanaka K, Nishina A, Koketsu M. Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents via a hybrid pharmacophore approach. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104293. [PMID: 33010622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imiquimod (1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine) is efficacious in topical therapy for certain types of skin cancers. Structurally similar EAPB0203 (N-methyl-1-(2-phenethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4-amine) has been shown higher in vitro potency than imiquimod. Besides, triazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole rings are privileged building blocks in drug design. A series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were therefore synthesized by incorporation of these rings into the structure of EAPB0203 and assessed their antiproliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives demonstrated the superior effectiveness compared to imiquimod and EAPB0203. Our findings highlight the excellent potential of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ninomiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Rina Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yukari Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Amol D Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Nishina
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi L, Zheng X, Fan Y, Yang X, Li A, Qian J. The contribution of miR-122 to the innate immunity by regulating toll-like receptor 4 in hepatoma cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:130. [PMID: 31340754 PMCID: PMC6657172 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of malignancies to impact human health. It has been reported that aberrant toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling may contribute to the development and progression of HCC, especially TLR4. MiR-122, which extensively involved in hepatitis virus infection and the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, might be decreased in HCC patients livers. The hypothesis of this study was whether miR-122 plays a role in inflammatory pathways through regulating TLR4 expression in hepatoma cells. METHODS The expression of miR-122 in the tissues of HCC patients compared to controls in TCGA datasets was analyzed. The relationship between miR-122 and TLR4 was detected in HCC cell lines by increasing/decreasing miR-122 expression. The target of miR-122 on TLR4 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The proliferation of HCC cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines were measured with miR-122 upregulation and inhibition. RESULTS We found that the expression of miR-122 was decreased in HCC tissues and showed the diagnostic capacity for HCC in TCGA datasets. MiR-122 and TLR4 expression have negative correlation in normal liver cells and HCC cells. Upregulation of miR-122 significantly inhibited TLR4 expression in hepatoma cells, including in hepatoma cells with the induction of LPS, while knocking down miR-122 increased TLR4 expression. By screening potential miR-122 targets among TLR4, we found that there was a putative miR-122 target in TLR4 3'UTR. Mutations in the nt1603-nt1609 region of TLR4 3'UTR abandoned the impact of miR-122 on TLR4 expression. Over-expression/down-expression of miR-122 could influence the proliferation and the expression of natural immune factors. CONCLUSIONS MiR-122 might target TLR4 and regulate host innate immunity in hepatoma cells, which revealed a new molecular mechanism of miR-122 on the regulation of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China.,Wu Lien-Teh institutes, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China.,Wu Lien-Teh institutes, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Yuzhuo Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China.,Wu Lien-Teh institutes, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Aimei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China.,Wu Lien-Teh institutes, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang province, China. .,Wu Lien-Teh institutes, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cancer stem cells: Road to therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165339. [PMID: 30481586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other normal cells, a subpopulation of cells often termed as "stem cells" are long-lived and generate cellular progeny throughout life. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that can both self-renew by dividing and giving rise to many cell types that constitute the tumor. CSCs also have been shown to be involved in fundamental processes of cell proliferation and metastatic dissemination. CSCs are generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a subset of remaining CSCs after therapy can survive and promote cancer relapse and resistance to therapies. Understanding the biological characteristics of CSCs, the pathways leading to their sustainability and proliferation, and the CSCs role in drug resistance is crucial for establishing novel tumor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we address the pathways that regulate CSCs, the role of CSCs in the resistance to therapy, and strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu J, Liu Y, Xie B, Ye P, Huang J, Lu Z. Roles of toll-like receptors: From inflammation to lung cancer progression. Biomed Rep 2017; 8:126-132. [PMID: 29435270 PMCID: PMC5778860 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and is characterized by a low survival rate compared with other cancers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly conserved in evolution and widely expressed on immune cells, where they serve an important role in the innate immune system by evoking inflammatory responses. Evasion of immune destruction is an important hallmark in the development of cancer. There is an established association between chronic inflammation and cancer, with TLRs serving important roles in the immune response against tumor cells. Recently, TLRs have been identified on tumor cells, where their activation may orchestrate the downstream signaling pathways that serve crucial functions in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The present review summarizes the roles of TLRs as sensors on lung cancer cells that regulate lung cancer progression with regard to cell growth and invasion, angiogenesis and cancer stem cell behavior. This aimed to provide theoretical support for the development of therapies that target TLR signaling pathways for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Gu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Ye
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jiefan Huang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Lu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prometastatic mechanisms of CAF-mediated EMT regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:121-128. [PMID: 27878234 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis are accompanied by the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition)-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) two-step process. In this study, we investigated the importance of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the process. First, the primary cultures of isolated pancreatic CAF, fibroblasts of normal pancreatic tissues (NF), and normal hepatic stellate cells (HSF) were identified and verified via the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. Using an indirect three-dimensional co-culture model, the morphological changes were observed by light microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The invasive and migration capacity of pancreatic cancer cells was determined by Transwell chamber migration assay or scratch assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, and Gli1 were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. Primary cultures of isolated CAF, NF, HSF showed satisfactory growth with active proliferation. Indirect co-culture with CAF, BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells showed significant partial EMT, reduced E-cadherin expression, and enhanced vimentin expression as compared with the single culture and NF/HSF co-culture groups, with corresponding increases in migratory and invasive capacities. PCR and western blotting results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of Gli1 in CAF and Snail in cancer cells were increased. This process could be reversed by inhibition of hedgehog (HH) signaling in CAF. In the tumor microenvironment, activation of CAF is the key event in mediating partial EMT, and its mechanism may be associated with paracrine action after activation of HH signaling in CAF.
Collapse
|