1
|
Li X, Liu Y, Wu L, Zhao J. Molecular Nanoarchitectonics of Natural Photosensitizers and Their Derivatives Nanostructures for Improved Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300599. [PMID: 38069595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Natural photosensitizers (PSs) and their derivatives have drawn ever-increasing attention in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for their wild range of sources, desirable biocompatibility, and good photosensitivity. Nevertheless, many factors such as poor solubility, high body clearance rate, limited tumor targeting ability, and short excitation wavelengths severely hinder their applications in efficient PDT. In recent years, fabricating nanostructures by utilizing molecular assembly technique is proposed to solve these problems. This technique is easy to put into effect, and the assembled nanostructures could improve the physical properties of the PSs so as to meet the requirement of PDT. In this concept, we focus on the construction of natural PSs and their derivatives nanostructures through molecular assembly technique to enhance PDT efficacy (Figure 1). Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives of natural PSs and their derivatives for efficient PDT are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussain T, Alafnan A, Almazni IA, Helmi N, Moin A, Baeissa HM, Awadelkareem AM, Elkhalifa AO, Bakhsh T, Alzahrani A, Alghamdi RM, Khalid M, Tiwari RK, Rizvi SMD. Aloe-emodin exhibits growth-suppressive effects on androgen-independent human prostate cancer DU145 cells via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: an in vitro and in silico study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1325184. [PMID: 38348349 PMCID: PMC10859413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1325184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
At the molecular level, several developmental signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, have been associated with the initiation and subsequent progression of prostate carcinomas. The present report elucidated the anti-cancerous attributes of an anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (AE), against androgen-independent human prostate cancer DU145 cells. The cytotoxicity profiling of AE showed that it exerted significant cytotoxic effects and increased lactose dehydrogenase levels in DU145 cells (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). AE also induced considerable reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, which escalated at higher AE concentrations of 20 and 25 μM. AE also efficiently instigated nuclear fragmentation and condensation concomitantly, followed by the activation of caspase-3 and -9 within DU145 cells. AE further reduced the viability of mitochondria with increased cytosolic cytochrome-c levels (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in DU145 cells. Importantly, AE exposure was also correlated with reduced Wnt2 and β-catenin mRNA levels along with their target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of AE was evaluated by performing molecular docking studies with Wnt2 and β-catenin. Evidently, AE exhibited good binding energy scores toward Wnt2 and β-catenin comparable with their respective standards, CCT036477 (Wnt2 inhibitor) and FH535 (β-catenin inhibitor). Thus, it may be considered that AE was competent in exerting anti-growth effects against DU145 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells plausibly by modulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi M. Baeissa
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElmoneim O. Elkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alzahrani
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Mohammed Alghamdi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied College, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie Y, Li J, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Yang S. Antimicrobial efficacy of aloe-emodin mediated photodynamic therapy against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149285. [PMID: 37995454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that causes topical infections following burn injuries. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising approach for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aPDT efficacy of aloe-emodin (AE), which is a photosensitizer extracted from traditional Chinese herbs, on antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa in vitro. In this study, we confirmed the effectiveness of AE-mediated aPDT against both standard and MDR P. aeruginosa, explored the effects of irradiation time and AE concentration on bacterial survival in AE-mediated aPDT, and observed the structural damage of P. aeruginosa by using transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that neither AE nor light irradiation alone caused cytotoxic effects on P. aeruginosa. However, AE-mediated aPDT effectively inactivated both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa. The transmission electron microscope investigation showed that aPDT mediated by AE primarily caused damage to the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Our findings suggest that AE is a photosensitizer in the aPDT of MDR P. aeruginosa-caused topical infections following burn injuries. Future investigations will concentrate on the safety and efficacy of AE-mediated aPDT in animal models and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Wang L, Fekrazad R, Zhang L, Jiang X, He G, Wen X. Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275859. [PMID: 38022517 PMCID: PMC10644286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest developments and future implications of using natural polyphenols as PSs in aPDT. Paramount polyphenolic compounds, including curcumin, hypericin, quercetin, hypocrellin, celastrol, riboflavin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and aloe emodin, are elaborated upon with respect to their structural characteristics, absorption properties, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the aPDT mechanism, specifically its targeted action on microbial cells and biofilms, is also discussed. Polyphenolic natural products demonstrate immense potential as PSs in aPDT, representing a promising alternate approach to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nowak-Perlak M, Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M. A promising natural anthraquinones mediated by photodynamic therapy for anti-cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155035. [PMID: 37603973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies emphasize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, several in vitro and in vivo research present the promising roles of less-known anthraquinones that can selectively target cancer cells and eliminate them after light irradiation. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of chosen plant-based-photosensitizers in PDT to show the results of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, hypericin, and soranjidiol in photodynamic therapy of cancer treatment and describe the comprehensive perspective of their role as natural photosensitizers. METHODS Literature searches of chosen anthraquinones were conducted on PubMed.gov with keywords: "emodin", "aloe-emodin", "hypericin", "parietin", "rubiadin", "soranjidiol" with "cancer" and "photodynamic therapy". RESULTS According to literature data, this review concentrated on all existing in vitro and in vivo studies of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, soranjidiol used as natural photosensitizers emphasizing their effectiveness and detailed mechanism of action in anticancer therapy. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies on hypericin reveal that the above-described substances may be included in the phototoxic treatment of different cancers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review presented less-known anthraquinones with their promising molecular mechanisms of action. It is expected that in the future they may be used as natural PSs in cancer treatment as well as hypericin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Nowak-Perlak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li R, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Rangsinth P, Wang W, Kwan YW, Wong ESW, Zhang Y, Li J, Leung GPH. Garcinone E triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells by mediating a reactive oxygen species–dependent JNK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114617. [PMID: 37001180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite various therapeutic approaches, colorectal cancer is among the most fatal diseases globally. Hence, developing novel and more effective methods for colorectal cancer treatment is essential. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/JNK signaling pathway has been proposed as the potential target for the anticancer drug discovery. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of the bioactive xanthone garcinone E (GAR E) in mangosteen and explored its underlying mechanism of action. HT-29 and Caco-2 cancer cells were used as in vitro models to study the anticancer effect of GAR E. The findings demonstrated that GAR E inhibited colony formation and wound healing, whereas triggered the production of ROS, which induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest at the Sub G1 phase. Additionally, GAR E treatment elevated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activated PARP, caspases 3 and 9, and JNK1/2. These GAR E-induced cytotoxic activities and expression of signaling proteins were reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and JNK inhibitor SP600125, indicating the involvement of ROS/JNK signaling pathways. In vivo experiments using an HT-29 xenograft nude mouse model also demonstrated the antitumor effect of GAR E. In conclusion, our findings showed that GAR E might be potentially effective in treating colorectal cancer and provided insights into the development of xanthones as novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Emily Sze-Wan Wong
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang Y, He K. Nanobiotechnological approaches in osteosarcoma therapy: Versatile (nano)platforms for theranostic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115939. [PMID: 37088317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructive achievements in the field of nanobiotechnology and their translation into clinical course have led to increasing attention towards evaluation of their use for treatment of diseases, especially cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the primary bone malignancies that affects both males and females in childhood and adolescence. Like other types of cancers, genetic and epigenetic mutations account for OS progression and several conventional therapies including chemotherapy and surgery are employed. However, survival rate of OS patients remains low and new therapies in this field are limited. The purpose of the current review is to provide a summary of nanostructures used in OS treatment. Drug and gene delivery by nanoplatforms have resulted in an accumulation of therapeutic agents for tumor cell suppression. Furthermore, co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanostructures are utilized in OS suppression to boost immunotherapy. Since tumor cells have distinct features such as acidic pH, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been developed to appropriately target OS. Besides, nanoplatforms can be used for biosensing and providing phototherapy to suppress OS. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with ligands can increase their specificity and selectivity towards OS cells. Clinical translation of current findings suggests that nanoplatforms have been effective in retarding tumor growth and improving survival of OS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Ke He
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan G, Xu J, Yu Q, Yang Z, Zhang H. The safety and efficiency of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma: A systematic review of in vitro experiment and animal model reports. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103093. [PMID: 36031143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone tumour with high mortality. A poor prognosis is noted in patients with distal metastases or multidrug resistance. As an emerging antitumor strategy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by visible and near infrared light has attracted intensive attention given its target selectivity, remote controllability, minimal or non-invasive features. However, PDT also has obvious limitations. Specifically, due to the limited penetration of light, it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of superficial malignant tumours, such as musculoskeletal sarcomas and melanoma, but it has not been applied to the clinical treatment of deep malignant bone tumours except for a very small number of experiments on deep canine OS models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for studies that focused on the effectiveness and safety of PDT for OS based on in vitro experiments and animal models in the last decade. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library. INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) original research articles about PDT for OS; (2) articles in English; (3) in vitro or animal model research; and (4) detailed information, including cell name, fluence, irradiation wavelength, time of incubation with PS, duration between PS treatment and irradiation, and duration between irradiation and viability assays. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) study was a review/systemic review article, patent, letter, or conference abstract/paper; (2) articles were not published in English; (3) studies containing overlapping or insufficient data. RESULTS We identified 201 publications, and 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Unfortunately, there are no relevant clinical reports of the use of PDT in the treatment of human OS. In these studies, 8 studies only employed in vivo experiments to evaluate the efficiency of PDT in an OS animal model, 19 studies exclusively performed in vitro viability assays of cells treated with PDT under different conditions, and 17 studies included in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal OS models to evaluate the effect of PDT on OS in vivo and in vitro. All studies have shown that PDT is cytotoxic to OS cells or can inhibit the growth of OS in heterologous or homologous animal OS models but exhibits minimal cytotoxicity at a certain range of dosages. CONCLUSION Based on this systematic review, PDT can eradicate OS cells in cell culture and there is some evidence for efficacy in animal models. However, the ability for PDT to control human OS is unclear, the animal and human reports do not show evidence of human OS control, they just do show feasibility. The major issues concerning the potential for treatment of osteosarcoma with PDT are that adequate light should be transmitted to tumor loci and if the disease is caught before metastasis and irradiation of tumor sites is feasible, curative potential is there. Otherwise, PDT may be mainly palliative. To determine whether PDT can safely and efficiently be used in the clinical treatment of OS, many preclinical orthotopic animal OS models and OS models of multiple systemic metastases must be performed and interstitial PDT or intraoperative PDT may be a good and potential candidate for human OS treatment. If these problems can be well solved, PDT may be a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of OS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Orthopedics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Operating Room, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Rotex Tech.Ltd.Co. Room 1104, floor 11, building 6, No. 599, Shijicheng South Road, high tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carigga Gutierrez NM, Pujol-Solé N, Arifi Q, Coll JL, le Clainche T, Broekgaarden M. Increasing cancer permeability by photodynamic priming: from microenvironment to mechanotransduction signaling. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:899-934. [PMID: 36155874 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dense cancer microenvironment is a significant barrier that limits the penetration of anticancer agents, thereby restraining the efficacy of molecular and nanoscale cancer therapeutics. Developing new strategies to enhance the permeability of cancer tissues is of major interest to overcome treatment resistance. Nonetheless, early strategies based on small molecule inhibitors or matrix-degrading enzymes have led to disappointing clinical outcomes by causing increased chemotherapy toxicity and promoting disease progression. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a novel approach to increase the permeability of cancer tissues. By producing excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species selectively in the cancer microenvironment, PDT increases the accumulation, penetration depth, and efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Importantly, the increased cancer permeability has not been associated to increased metastasis formation. In this review, we provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which this effect, called photodynamic priming, can increase cancer permeability without promoting cell migration and dissemination. This review demonstrates that PDT oxidizes and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, reduces the capacity of cancer cells to adhere to the altered matrix, and interferes with mechanotransduction pathways that promote cancer cell migration and differentiation. Significant knowledge gaps are identified regarding the involvement of critical signaling pathways, and to which extent these events are influenced by the complicated PDT dosimetry. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be vital to further develop PDT as an adjuvant approach to improve cancer permeability, demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this priming approach, and render more cancer patients eligible to receive life-extending treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Pujol-Solé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Qendresa Arifi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan le Clainche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Fu Q, Jiang H, Li Y, Liu M. Progress of phototherapy for osteosarcoma and application prospect of blue light photobiomodulation therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022973. [PMID: 36313662 PMCID: PMC9606592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that mainly affects the pediatric and adolescent population; limb salvage treatment has become one of the most concerned and expected outcomes of OS patients recently. Phototherapy (PT), as a novel, non-invasive, and efficient antitumor therapeutic approach including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has been widely applied in superficial skin tumor research and clinical treatment. OS is the typical deep tumor, and its phototherapy research faces great limitations and challenges. Surprisingly, pulse mode LED light can effectively improve tissue penetration and reduce skin damage caused by high light intensity and has great application potential in deep tumor research. In this review, we discussed the research progress and related molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in the treatment of OS, mainly summarized the status quo of blue light PBMT in the scientific research and clinical applications of tumor treatment, and outlooked the application prospect of pulsed blue LED light in the treatment of OS, so as to further improve clinical survival rate and prognosis of OS treatment and explore corresponding cellular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghua Li, ; Muqing Liu,
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghua Li, ; Muqing Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Carvalho Lima EN, Barros Martins GL, Diaz RS, Schechter M, Piqueira JRC, Justo JF. Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas-Where Are We? Recent Updates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2004. [PMID: 36297440 PMCID: PMC9607275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that affects approximately 140,000 people worldwide each year, with a high fatality rate. Available treatment modalities show limited efficacy in more severe cases. Hence, the search for new treatment modalities, including immunotherapies, for curing, mitigating, and/or preventing cancer is important and urgently needed. Carbon nanoparticles associated with some plant materials, such as Aloe vera, have shown appealing antineoplastic activity, derived mainly from the compounds aloin, aloe-emodin, barbaloin acemannan, and octapeptide, thus representing new possibilities as antitumor agents. This systematic review aims to arouse interest and present the possibilities of using Aloe vera combined with carbon-based nanomaterials as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment and prevention of melanoma. Limitations and advances in melanoma treatment using functionalized carbon nanomaterials are discussed here. Moreover, this review provides the basis for further studies designed to fully explore the potential of carbon nanomaterials associated with Aloe vera in the treatment of various cancers, with a focus on melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Leão Barros Martins
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schechter
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li T, Shi L, Liu W, Hu X, Hui Y, Di M, Xue S, Zheng Y, Yao M, Li C, Meng K. Aloe-Emodin Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis by Activation of the Caspase-9/3/Gasdermin E Axis in HeLa Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854526. [PMID: 35662735 PMCID: PMC9157280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone), derived from some Chinese edible medicinal herbs, exerts a potential anticancer activity on various cancer cells, making it a drug candidate for cancer therapy. Yet, the role of aloe-emodin in pyroptosis, a new type of cell death, is uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms of aloe-emodin-triggered pyroptosis. Aloe-emodin inhibited proliferation and migration and triggered caspase-dependent cell death of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Aloe-emodin caused mitochondrial dysfunction and induced pyroptosis by activating the caspase-9/3/GSDME axis. Transcriptional analysis showed extensive changes in gene expressions in cellular pathways, including MAPK, p53, and PI3K-Akt pathways when treated with aloe-emodin. This study not only identified a novel role of aloe-emodin in pyroptotic cell death, but also performed a systematical genome-wide analysis of cellular pathways responding to aloe-emodin, providing a theoretical basis for applying anthraquinone derivatives in the treatment of GSDME-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Liuliu Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuhao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuanjian Hui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Maojun Di
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shen Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Aerospace Hospital, Xiaogan, China
| | - Mengjuan Yao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inhibition of autophagy enhances apoptosis induced by Ce6-photodynamic therapy in human colon cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102605. [PMID: 34715368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chlorin e6 photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) in human colorectal cancer cells and investigate the role of autophagy in Ce6-PDT. METHODS SW480 cells underwent Ce6-PDT with and without pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using an Annexin V assay, using a rhodamine 123 (RH123) assay to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and by measuring Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expression using western blotting. Autophagy was evaluated by directly visualizing acridine orange-stained acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) using fluorescent microscopy and by measuring LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱand Atg5 expression using western blotting. RESULTS Ce6-PDT decreased SW480 viability in a dose-dependent manner. Ce6-PDT induced apoptosis in SW480 cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as indicated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Annexin V staining, and increased Caspase-3 expression. Ce6-PDT was also shown to induce autophagy as demonstrated by increased acridine-orange stained AVOs as well as increased expression of the autophagy-associated proteins Atg5. Inhibition of autophagy with 3MA potentiated SW480 cell response to Ce6-PDT and increased the rate of apoptosis in the treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Ce6-PDT induces autophagy and apoptosis of SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy increases the apoptosis induced by Ce6-PDT. Modulation of autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer cells treated with Ce6-PDT.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun J, Xing F, Braun J, Traub F, Rommens PM, Xiang Z, Ritz U. Progress of Phototherapy Applications in the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111354. [PMID: 34768789 PMCID: PMC8584114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Joy Braun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Frank Traub
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zuo Q, Ou Y, Zhong S, Yu H, Zhan F, Zhang M. Targeting GRP78 enhances the sensitivity of HOS osteosarcoma cells to pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1387-1397. [PMID: 34494093 PMCID: PMC8507956 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a new method for treating tumors, has been used in the treatment of cancer. In-depth research has shown that PDT cannot completely kill tumor cells, indicating that tumor cells are resistant to PDT. Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), which is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress, has been confirmed to be related to tumor resistance and recurrence, but there are relatively few studies on the further mechanism of GRP78 in PDT. Our experiment aimed to observe the role of GRP78 in HOS human osteosarcoma cells treated with pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPα-PDT) and to explore the possible mechanism by which the silencing of GRP78 expression enhances the sensitivity of HOS osteosarcoma cells to MPPα-PDT. HOS osteosarcoma cells were transfected with siRNA-GRP78. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry, cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, GRP78 protein fluorescence intensity was detected by immunofluorescence, and apoptosis-related proteins, cell proliferation-related proteins, and Wnt pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. The results showed that MPPα-PDT can induce HOS cell apoptosis and increase GRP78 expression. After successful siRNA-GRP78 transfection, HOS cell proliferation was decreased, and apoptosis-related proteins expressions was increased, Wnt/β-catenin-related proteins expressions was decreased, and ROS levels was increased. In summary, siRNA-GRP78 enhances the sensitivity of HOS cells to MPPα-PDT, the mechanism may be related to inhibiting Wnt pathway activation and increasing ROS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangbiao Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xian M, Cai J, Zheng K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Liang S, Wang S. Aloe-emodin prevents nerve injury and neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8056-8067. [PMID: 34286782 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by cerebral arterial occlusion is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Cellular oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathological process of neural damage in IS. It is necessary to develop functional food or drugs, which target neuroinflammation and oxidation mechanisms against IS. The molecule compound aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from aloe and rhubarb. However, the exact mechanism of the pharmacological action of AE on IS remains unclear. Here, for aiming to demonstrate the mechanism of AE, our study explored the middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats in vivo, oxygen and glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells in vitro. We found that AE significantly improved the infarct size and behavioral score of MCAO/R rats, decreased the expression of TNF-α, MDA, LDH, Caspase 3, and increased the expression of SOD, Bcl-2/Bax. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results showed that AE could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the sham group and MCAO/R group. In vitro, AE significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from the insult of OGD/R and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo and in vitro, western blot analysis results showed that AE significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins. In addition, AE significantly decreased NF-κB protein expression in BV2 cells. The use of AKT-specific inhibitor MK-2206 2HCL to inhibit AKT expression can block the protective effect of AE on SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R insults. Overall, our study suggests that AE protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, these results indicated that AE could be a promising first-line therapy for preventing and treating ischemic stroke and can be used as functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie J, Wang Y, Choi W, Jangili P, Ge Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Xie Z, He J, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang H, Kim JS. Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9152-9201. [PMID: 34223847 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability. It can be a promising treatment modality in several medical fields, including oncology, immunology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, pneumology, and dentistry. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PDT is largely restricted by the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetrability of light, inefficient induction of tumor cell death, tumor resistance to the therapy, and the severe pain induced by the therapy. Recently, various photosensitizer formulations and therapy strategies have been developed to overcome these barriers. Significantly, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT, as carriers or photosensitizers, may overcome the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers. Based on this, nanocomposites excited by various light sources are applied in the PDT of deep-seated tumors. Modulation of cell death pathways with co-delivered reagents promotes PDT induced tumor cell death. Relief of tumor resistance to PDT with combined therapy strategies further promotes tumor inhibition. Also, the optimization of photosensitizer formulations and therapy procedures reduces pain in PDT. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication of photosensitizers and the design of therapy strategies to overcome barriers in PDT is presented. Several aspects important for the clinical application of PDT in cancer treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Galiardi-Campoy AEB, Machado FC, Carvalho T, Tedesco AC, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Effects of photodynamic therapy mediated by emodin in cervical carcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102394. [PMID: 34119706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a worldwide public health problem, and improved selective therapies and anticancer drugs are urgently needed. In recent years, emodin has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, emodin may be used as a photosensitizing agent in photodynamic therapy. Interest in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment has increased due to its efficiency in causing tumor cell death. This study aimed to analyze the effect of emodin combined with photodynamic therapy in cervical carcinoma cell lines. At first, emodin presented cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manners in all the specific cell lines analyzed. SiHa, CaSki, and HaCaT cancer cells presented more than 80% cell viability in concentrations below 30 µmol/L. Fluorescence microscopy images showed efficient cellular uptake of emodin in all analyzed cell lines. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in SiHa, CaSki, and HaCaT cell lines after treatment of emodin combined with photodynamic therapy. These decreases were accompanied by increased ROS production, caspase-3 activity, and fluorescence intensity of autophagic vacuoles. This suggests increased ROS production led to cell death by apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, after the combination of emodin and photodynamic therapy in SiHa cells, we observed the overexpression of 22 target genes and downregulation of two target genes of anti-cancer drugs. These results show the promising potential for applications that combine emodin with photodynamic therapy for cervical cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Emília Brumatti Galiardi-Campoy
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly Cristina Machado
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fakhri S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Hussain Y, Abbaszadeh F, Lu B, Hu X, Wu J, Zou L, Smeriglio A, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Khan H. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible flowers: where do we stand? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8589-8645. [PMID: 34096420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Control release drug delivery system, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Senapathy GJ, George BP, Abrahamse H. Exploring the Role of Phytochemicals as Potent Natural Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1831-1844. [PMID: 32619181 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200703192127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still considered a deadly disease worldwide due to difficulties in diagnosis, painful treatment procedures, costly therapies, side effects, and cancer relapse. Cancer treatments using conventional methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not convincing due to its post-treatment toxicity in the host. In Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), three individual non-toxic components including a photosensitizer, light source and oxygen cause damage to the cells and tissues when they are combined. OBJECTIVE In recent years, phytochemicals are being increasingly recognized as potent complementary drugs for cancer because of its natural availability, less toxicity and therapeutic efficiency in par with commercial drugs. Hence, the idea of using phytochemicals as natural photosensitizers in PDT resulted in a multiple pool of research studies with promising results in preclinical and clinical investigations. METHODS In this review, the potential of phytochemicals to act as natural photosensitizers for PDT, their mode of action, drawbacks, challenges and possible solutions are discussed in detail. RESULTS In PDT, natural photosensitizers, when used alone or in combination with other photosensitizers, induced cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, increased oxidative stress, altered cancer cell death signaling pathways, increased cytotoxicity and DNA damage in cancer cells. The pro-oxidant nature of certain antioxidant polyphenols, hormesis phenomenon, Warburg effect and DNA damaging potential plays a significant role in the photosensitizing mechanism of phytochemicals in PDT. CONCLUSION This review explores the role of phytochemicals that can act as photosensitizers alone or in combination with PDT and its mechanism of action on different cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giftson J Senapathy
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng G, Pi Z, Zhuang X, Zheng Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Song F. The effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin on reversing adriamycin-induced resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3886-3897. [PMID: 33792091 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles for clinical effective chemotherapy. In this study, the effects and possible mechanisms of aloe-emodin (AE) were investigated on reversing the adriamycin (ADR)-induced resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells. AE could significantly reverse the ADR resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells. The combination of AE (20 μM) and ADR had no effect on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) level, but notably promoted the accumulation of ADR in drug-resistant cells. The efflux function of P-gp required ATP, but AE reduced the intracellular ATP level. AE played a reversal role might through inhibiting the efflux function of P-gp. The research result of energy metabolism pathways indicated that combination of AE and ADR could inhibit glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutamine metabolism, and related amino acid synthesis pathways. Moreover, we found AE not only reversed ADR-induced resistant but also induced autophagy as a defense mechanism. In addition, the combination of AE and ADR arrested G2/M cell cycle and induced apoptosis through DNA damage, ROS generation, caspase-3 activation. Our study indicated that AE could be a potential reversal agent to resensitize ADR resistant in tumor chemotherapy and inhibiting autophagy might be an effective strategy to further enhance the reversal activity of AE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Cheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhuang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Szymańska M, Majerz I. Effect of Substitution of Hydrogen Atoms in the Molecules of Anthrone and Anthraquinone. Molecules 2021; 26:502. [PMID: 33477805 PMCID: PMC7832899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry of anthrone and anthraquinone-natural substances of plant origin-was investigated under the substitution of hydrogen atoms in side aromatic ring and, for anthrone, also in the central ring. A significant influence of substitution on geometry expressed by the angle between the side rings was shown. The geometry changes are connected with the changes of electron density and aromaticity of the anthrone and anthraquinone rings. The flexibility of the investigated compounds was confirmed by comparison of the optimized molecules and the molecules in the crystal state where the packing forces can influence the molecular geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Majerz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma W, Liu C, Li J, Hao M, Ji Y, Zeng X. The effects of aloe emodin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on drug-sensitive and resistant Candida albicans. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:485-494. [PMID: 32232258 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00352e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extensive and repetitive use of antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug-resistant Candida albicans. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has received considerable attention as an emerging and promising approach to combat drug-resistant microbes. This study evaluated the photodynamic effects mediated by aloe emodin (AE), a natural compound isolated from Aloe vera and Rheum palmatum, on azole-sensitive and azole-resistant C. albicans in vitro. AE exhibited no significant dark toxicity, but in the presence of light, effectively inactivated C. albicans cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The uptake of AE by fungal cells was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the results showed that AE possessed stronger ability to enter into C. albicans cells following light irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that AE-mediated aPDT could induce damage to the cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Damage to the surface of C. albicans was observed by scanning electron microscopy. These results suggest that AE is a potential PS for use in aPDT of drug-resistant C. albicans strains, and AE-mediated aPDT shows promise as an antifungal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,The Second Hospital of Weinan, 2 East Chaoyang Street, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Hao
- The Second Hospital of Weinan, 2 East Chaoyang Street, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen F, Ge C, Yuan P. Aloe-emodin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells via Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
26
|
Gao H, Shi X, Chen Q, Che B, Yin H, Li Y. Deep proteome profiling of SW837 cells treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) reveals the underlying mechanisms of metronomic and acute PDTs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101809. [PMID: 32437970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) with a longer irradiation time and lower energy compared with acute (or classic) photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a more effective treatment than aPDT for tumor cells, especially colorectal cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of the superior effects of mPDT are unknown. METHODS we used SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) specific to aPDT (conventional fluence rate, 20 mW/cm2, 4 min 10 s), mPDT (metronomic fluence rate, 0.4 mW/cm2, 3.5 h), and control groups of SW837 cells. The photosensitizer used in both PDT methods was aminolevulinic acid which were incubated with the cells before irradiation. RESULTS A total of 6805 proteins were identified in the three groups of SW837 cells. aPDT induced 333 DEPs and mPDT induced 1716 DEPs compared with the control. We identified 185 common DEPs in the two PDT groups, 148 different DEPs in the aPDT group, and 1531 different DEPs in the mPDT group. Most of the 185 common DEPs were involved in the extracellular component, participated in the processes of vesicle transport and secretion, binding, and hydrolase/catalytic activity. They were also involved in PI3K-Akt, cGMP-PKG, RAS, and aAMP signaling pathways. In addition, the 1531 different DEPs in the mPDT group participated in similar processes and molecular functions, but in a more complex manner than those in the aPDT group. CONCLUSION our proteome data suggest that mPDT has a complex tumor destruction mechanism with more involved proteins compared with aPDT, which may explain the better tumor killing effect of mPDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin People's Hospital Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiafei Shi
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bochen Che
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Photo biostimulatory effect of low dose photodynamic therapy on human mesenchymal stem cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101886. [PMID: 32574798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering is one treatment to regenerate bone . Stem cell proliferation or differentiation can be stimulated by adjunctive approaches like photobiomodulation. Some studies suggested that, photodynamic therapy with low concentration of photosensitizers can stimulate cell differentiation as a photobiomodulation approach. METHODS Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell was isolated and then cultured in sterile medium. Two photosensitizer drugs as 5- aminolevulenic acid (1 mM) (5-ALA) and Methylene blue (1μM) (MB) were used in incubation culture media. In order to activate the photosensitizers, 630 and 660 nm wavelengths were irradiated with 1 J/cm2 energy density, respectively. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay before and after laser irradiation, and also Alizarin red histologic test was used for calcium nodule formation. RESULTS performing the MTT test before irradiation showed that, the optimum concentrations were 1 mM for 5-ALA and 1μM for MB that were optimized. After laser irradiation, ALA group showed no osseous differentiation. In contrast, there was a significant calcium nodule formation in MB group compared with the control one. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy with low photosensitizer concentration and low doses of laser energy density may improve osteogenic differentiation. Accordingly, MB had stimulatory effect on bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. However, 5-ALA did not show this effect.
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang X, Chen J, Wu W, Yang W, Zhong B, Qing X, Shao Z. Delivery of MutT homolog 1 inhibitor by functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy triggers cell death in osteosarcoma. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:229-243. [PMID: 32294550 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) during noninvasive cancer treatment. MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) protein is a DNA oxidative damage repair protease and suppressing its function may provide a strategy to enhance PDT efficacy by improving cellular sensitivity to ROS. A nanoparticle, composed of functional graphene oxide (GO) conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), folic acid (FA) and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG), was constructed to deliver MTH1 inhibitor (TH287) and doxorubicin. The effects of this nanoparticle on biological properties and cell death of osteosarcoma cells were investigated. We further examined the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in osteosarcoma. A xenograft tumor model was used to validate the results in vivo. This drug-carrying PEG-GO-FA/ICG nanoparticle showed combined chemo-photodynamic therapy (Chemo-PDT) to inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Enhanced Chemo-PDT promoted both apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the MTH1 protein and promoting the accumulation of ROS. In this study, autophagy served as a rescue pathway against cell death, and suppressing autophagy enhanced the anti-cancer effects of Chemo-PDT. However, Chemo-PDT induced apoptosis was related to the occurrence of ER stress. ROS might contribute to ER stress and further induce apoptosis via the JNK/p53/p21 pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle-induced cell death in osteosarcoma. The combination of Chemo-PDT with other therapies is promising as a new strategy to treat osteosarcoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Administration of chemotherapeutic drugs by traditional methods still has many problems. We designed a functionalized graphene oxide drug delivery system to deliver the photosensitizer indocyanine green, doxorubicin, and MTH1 inhibitor TH287. This nano delivery system showed combined chemo-photodynamic effects to inhibit osteosarcoma. Suppressing MTH1 protein might induce "phenotypic lethality" and enhance chemo-photodynamic therapy efficacy by improving cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Binlong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou J, Huang Z, Ni X, Lv C. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and G 2/M phase arrest in human osteosarcoma cells by regulating ROS/PI3K/Akt pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104775. [PMID: 31987842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has reported that piperlongumine exerts antitumor properties on several types of tumor cells. However, its effect on osteosarcoma cells remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of piperlongumine on osteosarcoma cells (MG63 and U2OS cells) in vitro and determined the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed via AO/EB staining and flow cytometry apoptosis as well as western blot analysis. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometric cell cycle and western blot analysis. In our research, we found that piperlongumine induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest of MG63 cells. Western blot analysis not only confirmed the above results, but also demonstrated that piperlongumine induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by activating Caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, we also found that piperlongumine significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of osteosarcoma cells by regulating ROS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggested that piperlongumine inhibited osteosarcoma progression by promoting apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the underlying mechanism demonstrated that piperlongumine produced potent antitumor properties in osteosarcoma cells by regulating ROS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the Affiliated Wenzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li XY, Tan LC, Dong LW, Zhang WQ, Shen XX, Lu X, Zheng H, Lu YG. Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms During Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597. [PMID: 32528867 PMCID: PMC7247862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive malignant skin tumor and arises from melanocytes. The resistance of melanoma cells to various treatments results in rapid tumor growth and high mortality. As a local therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy has been successfully applied for clinical treatment of skin diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new treatment method for various types of malignant tumors in humans and, compared to conventional treatment methods, has fewer side effects, and is more accurate and non-invasive. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown encouraging results regarding the potential benefits of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma, its clinical application remains limited owing to its relative inefficiency. This review article discusses the use of photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment as well as the latest progress made in deciphering the mechanism of tolerance. Lastly, potential targets are identified that may improve photodynamic therapy against melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-Chang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061324. [PMID: 32183224 PMCID: PMC7144722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates mediated by aloe-emodin: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Lenna S, Bellotti C, Duchi S, Martella E, Columbaro M, Dozza B, Ballestri M, Guerrini A, Sotgiu G, Frisoni T, Cevolani L, Varchi G, Ferrari M, Donati DM, Lucarelli E. Mesenchymal stromal cells mediated delivery of photoactive nanoparticles inhibits osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in a murine in vivo ectopic model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:40. [PMID: 32087737 PMCID: PMC7036176 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that still suffers from poor prognosis in the case of distal metastases or occurrence of multi-drug resistance. It is therefore crucial to find novel therapeutic options able to go beyond these limitations and improve patients’ survival. The objective of this study is to exploit the intrinsic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to migrate and infiltrate the tumor stroma to specifically deliver therapeutic agents directly to cancer cells. In particular, we aimed to test the efficacy of the photoactivation of MSCs loaded with nanoparticles in vitro and in a murine in vivo ectopic osteosarcoma model. Methods AlPcS4@FNPs were produced by adding tetra-sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS4) to an aqueous solution of positively charged poly-methyl methacrylate core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs). The photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect is achieved by activation of the photosensitizer AlPcS4 in the near-infrared light with an LED source. Human MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of five donors to account for inter-patients variability and used in this study after being evaluated for their clonogenicity, multipotency and immunophenotypic profile. MSC lines were then tested for the ability to internalize and retain the nanoparticles, along with their migratory properties in vitro. Photoactivation effect was evaluated both in a monolayer (2D) co-culture of AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs with human OS cells (SaOS-2) and in tridimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs with human OS cells, MG-63). Cell death was assessed by AnnexinV/PI and Live&Dead CalceinAM/EthD staining in 2D, while in the 3D co-culture, the cell killing effect was measured through ATP content, CalceinAM/EthD staining and TEM imaging. We also evaluated the effectiveness of AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs as delivery systems and the ability of the photodynamic treatment to kill cancer cells in a subcutaneous mouse model of OS by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and histology. Results MSCs internalized AlPcS4@FNPs without losing or altering their motility and viability in vitro. Photoactivation of AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs induced high level of OS cells death in the 2D co-culture. Similarly, in the 3D co-culture (MSCs:OS ratios 1:1 or 1:3), a substantial decrease of both MSCs and OS cells viability was observed. Notably, when increasing the MSCs:OS ratio to 1:7, photoactivation still caused more than 40% cells death. When tested in an in vivo ectopic OS model, AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs were able to decrease OS growth by 68% after two cycles of photoactivation. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that MSCs can deliver functional photosensitizer-decorated nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo and inhibit OS tumor growth. MSCs may be an effective platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutic nanodrugs in a clinical scenario, alone or in combination with other osteosarcoma treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lenna
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chiara Bellotti
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Duchi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Martella
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Dozza
- Rizzoli Laboratory Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Ballestri
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frisoni
- Rizzoli Laboratory Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40123, Bologna, Italy.,3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Cevolani
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Laboratory Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40123, Bologna, Italy.,3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lopes TZ, de Moraes FR, Tedesco AC, Arni RK, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Berberine associated photodynamic therapy promotes autophagy and apoptosis via ROS generation in renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109794. [PMID: 31874443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of the most lethal common urological cancer and the clinical practice has shown that resistant RCC to commons therapies is extremely high. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, presents in different kinds of plants and it has long been used in Chinese medicine. It has several properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Moreover, berberine has photosensitive characteristics and its association with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berberine associated with PDT in renal carcinoma cell lines. The cellular viability assay showed increased cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manner. Berberine presented efficient internalization in all cell lines analyzed. In addition, after treatment with berberine associated with PDT, it was observed a high phototoxicity effect with less than 20 % of viable cells. In this study we observed that the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was accompanied by an increase of autophagy levels and apoptosis by caspase 3 activity, suggesting cell death by both mechanisms. Additionally, three target genes of anti-cancer drugs were differentially expressed in 786-O cells, being that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (FIGF) and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene presented low expression and Polo Like Kinase 3 (PLK3) presented overexpression after treatment with berberine associated with PDT. In this study, the proposed treatment triggered metabolites changes related to cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it was possible to suggest that berberine has promising potential as a photosensitizing agent in a photodynamic therapy, because it induced significant anticancer effects on renal carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tairine Zara Lopes
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogério de Moraes
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong X, Zeng Y, Liu Y, You L, Yin X, Fu J, Ni J. Aloe-emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2019; 34:270-281. [PMID: 31680350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Emerging evidence suggests that aloe-emodin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus, inflammation, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, malaria, liver fibrosis, psoriasis, Type 2 diabetes, growth disorders, and several types of cancers. However, an increasing number of published studies have reported adverse effects of aloe-emodin. The primary toxicity among these reports is hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are of wide concern worldwide. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that aloe-emodin has a poor intestinal absorption, short elimination half-life, and low bioavailability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Duan X, Chen B, Cui Y, Zhou L, Wu C, Yang Z, Wen Y, Miao X, Li Q, Xiong L, He J. Ready player one? Autophagy shapes resistance to photodynamic therapy in cancers. Apoptosis 2019; 23:587-606. [PMID: 30288638 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure used in cancer therapy that has been shown to be useful for certain indications. Considerable evidence suggests that PDT might be superior to conventional modalities for some indications. In this report, we examine the relationship between PDT responsiveness and autophagy, which can exert a cytoprotective effect. Autophagy is an essential physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional or impaired cellular components and organelles via a lysosome-based pathway. Autophagy, which includes macroautophagy and microautophagy, can be a factor that decreases or abolishes responses to various therapeutic protocols. We systematically discuss the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decisions elicited by PDT; analyse the principles of PDT-induced autophagy, macroautophagy and microautophagy; and present evidence to support the notion that autophagy is a critical mechanism in resistance to PDT. A combined strategy involving autophagy inhibitors may be able to further enhance PDT efficacy. Finally, we provide suggestions for future studies, note where our understanding of the relevant molecular regulators is deficient, and discuss the correlations among PDT-induced resistance and autophagy, especially microautophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bretin L, Pinon A, Bouramtane S, Ouk C, Richard L, Perrin ML, Chaunavel A, Carrion C, Bregier F, Sol V, Chaleix V, Leger DY, Liagre B. Photodynamic Therapy Activity of New Porphyrin-Xylan-Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101474. [PMID: 31575052 PMCID: PMC6826978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porphyrins has been approved for treatment of several solid tumors due to the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, low physiological solubility and lack of selectivity towards tumor sites are the main limitations of their clinical use. Nanoparticles are able to spontaneously accumulate in solid tumors through an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect due to leaky vasculature, poor lymphatic drainage, and increased vessel permeability. Herein, we proved the added value of nanoparticle vectorization on anticancer efficacy and tumor-targeting by 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (TPPOH). Using 80 nm silica nanoparticles (SNPs) coated with xylan-TPPOH conjugate (TPPOH-X), we first showed very significant phototoxic effects of TPPOH-X SNPs mediated by post-PDT ROS generation and stronger cell uptake in human colorectal cancer cell lines compared to free TPPOH. Additionally, we demonstrated apoptotic cell death induced by TPPOH-X SNPs-PDT and the interest of autophagy inhibition to increase anticancer efficacy. Finally, we highlighted in vivo, without toxicity, elevated anticancer efficacy of TPPOH-X SNPs through improvement of tumor-targeting compared to a free TPPOH protocol. Our work demonstrated for the first time the strong anticancer efficacy of TPPOH in vitro and in vivo and the merit of SNPs vectorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Bretin
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Aline Pinon
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Soukaina Bouramtane
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Ouk
- BISCEm Pôle Cytométrie en flux/Microscopie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Laurence Richard
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges 2, Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Perrin
- Laboratoire Bio EM XLIM UMR CNRS 7252, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Alain Chaunavel
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges 2, Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Claire Carrion
- BISCEm Pôle Cytométrie en flux/Microscopie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Frédérique Bregier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université de Limoges 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - David Yannick Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges 2, Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lead bioactive compounds of Aloe vera as potential anticancer agent. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104416. [PMID: 31470079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a perennial succulent medicinal plant. It has been used as a traditional or folk medicine for thousands of years and claimed that it possesses wound and burn healing activities, and anti-inflammatory as well as immunomodulatory effects. In recent years, the use of Aloe vera has been growing as a dietary supplement. The pre-clinical studies over the last couple of decades uncover the potential therapeutic activities of Aloe vera and its bioactive compounds, especially against neoplastic disease. Such investigations indicate the possible preventive as well as therapeutic effects of Aloe vera against cancer. Here, we discuss the crucial bioactive compounds of Aloe vera that have been harnessed against cancer and also address several mechanisms of action of these lead bioactive compounds compared to other standard drugs involved in cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
39
|
Deitersen J, El-Kashef DH, Proksch P, Stork B. Anthraquinones and autophagy - Three rings to rule them all? Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115042. [PMID: 31420258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome therapy resistance in cancer, scientists search in nature for novel lead structures for the development of improved chemotherapeutics. Anthraquinones belong to a class of tricyclic organic natural compounds with promising anti-cancer effects. Anthraquinone derivatives are rich in structural diversity, and exhibit pleiotropic properties, among which the modulation of autophagy seems promising in the context of overcoming cancer-therapy resistance. Among the most promising derivatives in this regard are emodin, aloe emodin, rhein, physcion, chrysophanol and altersolanol A. On the molecular level, these compounds target autophagy via different upstream pathways including the AKT/mTOR-axis and transcription of autophagy-related proteins. The role of autophagy is pro-survival as well as cell death-promoting, depending on derivatives and their cell type specificity. This review summarizes observed effects of anthraquinone derivatives on autophagy and discusses targeted pathways and crosstalks. A cumulative knowledge about this topic paves the way for further research on modes of action, and aids to find a therapeutic window of anthraquinones in cancer-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Deitersen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dina H El-Kashef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qi F, Sun Y, Lv M, Qin F, Cao W, Bi L. Effects of palmatine hydrochloride mediated photodynamic therapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1596-1605. [PMID: 31099374 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor, accounting for about 7% of all malignant tumors. Palmatine hydrochloride (PaH) is the alkaloid constituent of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. The present study aims to investigate the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with PaH (PaH-PDT) on human OSCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that PaH-PDT exhibited a potent phototoxic effect in cell proliferation and produced cell apoptosis. PaH-PDT increased the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the CDK2 and Cyclin E1 protein level. In addition, PaH-PDT markedly increased the generation of intracellular ROS, which can be suppressed using the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, PaH-PDT increased the expression of p53 protein in vitro and in vivo. In vivo experiments revealed that the PaH-PDT resulted in an effective inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, no obvious signs of side effects or a drop in body weight was observed. These results suggested that PaH was a promising sensitizer that can be combined with light to produce significant anti-tumor effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma via enhanced ROS production and up-regulated expression of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Dai J, Tang L, Liu G. Emodin reactivated autophagy and alleviated inflammatory lung injury in mice with lethal endotoxemia. Exp Anim 2019; 68:559-568. [PMID: 31292306 PMCID: PMC6842802 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An uncontrolled inflammation induced critical health problems with serious morbidity and
death, which namely acute lung injury (ALI). Recently researchs have found the
anti-inflammatory effects of emodin. Here, we investigated the potential effects of emodin
on a mouse model with a lethal dose of the potential mechanisms and lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced inflammatory lung injury in mice. The pulmonary histological abnormalities,
the Evans blue’s leakage, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the grades of TNF-α, IL-6,
nitric oxide (NO), lactic acid (LA) in lung tissues were determined 18 h post exposure of
LPS. Based on the expression of LC3-II with BECN1 was determined using Western blotting.
Besides, the LPS-exposed mice for survival rate was monitored. The results indicated that
intervention with emodin was important for mitigating LPS-induced pulmonary histological
change and LPS-induced leakage of Evans blue, which were associated with suppressed
elevation of MPO activity and inhibited up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, NO with LA in lung
tissues. Moreover, intervention with emodin enhanced the survival rate of LPS-exposed
mice. Finally, therapy with emodin increased the LC3 and BECN1 in lungs of LPS-exposed
mice. Treatment with 3-MA (the autophagy inhibitor) reversed the beneficial effects of
emodin. In conclusion, emodin might provide pharmacological benefits in LPS-induced
inflammatory lung injury, and the mechanisms might be related to the restoration of
autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Hospital of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan District, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is one of the prime causes for treatment failure in cancer and recurrent disease. In recent years, autophagy has emerged as an important cell survival mechanism in response to different stress conditions that are associated with cancer treatment and aging. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process through which damaged cellular contents are degraded after uptake into autophagosomes that subsequently fuse with lysosomes for cargo degradation, thereby alleviating stress. In addition, autophagy serves to maintain cellular homeostasis by enriching nutrient pools. Although autophagy can act as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and cell death, increasing evidence suggest that in the context of cancer therapy-induced stress responses, it predominantly functions as a cell survival mechanism. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview on our current knowledge of the role of pro-survival autophagy in cancer therapy at the preclinical and clinical stages and delineate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy regulation in response to therapy-related stress conditions. A better understanding of the interplay of cancer therapy and autophagy may allow to unveil new targets and avenues for an improved treatment of therapy-resistant tumors in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Carina V, Costa V, Sartori M, Bellavia D, De Luca A, Raimondi L, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Adjuvant Biophysical Therapies in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030348. [PMID: 30871044 PMCID: PMC6468347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone sarcoma, manifesting as osteogenesis by malignant cells. Nowadays, patients’ quality of life has been improved, however continuing high rates of limb amputation, pulmonary metastasis and drug toxicity, remain unresolved issues. Thus, effective osteosarcoma therapies are still required. Recently, the potentialities of biophysical treatments in osteosarcoma have been evaluated and seem to offer a promising future, thanks in this field as they are less invasive. Several approaches have been investigated such as hyperthermia (HT), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and sono- and photodynamic therapies (SDT, PDT). This review aims to summarize in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials employing biophysical stimuli in osteosarcoma treatment. The findings underscore how the technological development of biophysical therapies might represent an adjuvant role and, in some cases, alternative role to the surgery, radio and chemotherapy treatment of OS. Among them, the most promising are HIFU and HT, which are already employed in OS patient treatment, while LIPUS/SDT and PDT seem to be particularly interesting for their low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carina
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Sartori
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma C, Wen B, Zhang Q, Shao PP, Gu W, Qu K, Shi Y, Wang B. Emodin induces apoptosis and autophagy of fibroblasts obtained from patient with ankylosing spondylitis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:601-609. [PMID: 30809091 PMCID: PMC6376879 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s182087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of rheumatoid disease, which has been reported to be associated with the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts recently. Emodin, a single component from a traditional Chinese medicine Rheum palmatum, exerts anti-inflammation and antirheumatic arthritis activities. However, could emodin be used to treat AS remains unclear? Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of emodin on AS. Methods Fibroblasts obtained from patients with AS were used in the current study. In addition, multiple cellular and molecular biology techniques such as Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blotting, flow cytometry, monodansylcadaverine staining, and immunofluorescence assay were applied as well. Results Emodin-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts obtained from patient with AS via increasing active caspase-9, active caspase-3, and Bax levels and downregulating Bcl-2. Meanwhile, emodin enhanced autophagy in fibroblasts via upregulation of the expression of Atg12, Atg5, and Beclin 1, which was further confirmed by monodansylcadaverine staining. As expected, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) completely reversed emodin-induced autophagy in fibroblasts. Moreover, 3MA significantly increased emodin-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts obtained from patient with AS by increasing the levels of γH2AX, active caspase-9, active caspase-3, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase. Conclusion Our results indicated that emodin effectively induced apoptosis and autophagy of fibroblasts obtained from patient with AS. In addition, suppression of autophagy enhanced emodin-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts. Therefore, we proposed that combination of emodin with autophagy inhibitor might be a potent strategy for improving the symptoms of AS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Pei-Pei Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martella E, Ferroni C, Guerrini A, Ballestri M, Columbaro M, Santi S, Sotgiu G, Serra M, Donati DM, Lucarelli E, Varchi G, Duchi S. Functionalized Keratin as Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System for the Pharmacological Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113670. [PMID: 30463350 PMCID: PMC6274803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma therapy might be moving toward nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to reduce the cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs and improve their pharmacokinetics. In this paper, we present, for the first time, an extensive chemical and in vitro characterization of dual-loaded photo- and chemo-active keratin nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system to treat osteosarcoma. The nanoparticles are prepared from high molecular weight and hydrosoluble keratin, suitably functionalized with the photosensitizer Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) and then loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (PTX). This multi-modal PTX-Ce6@Ker nanoformulation is prepared by both drug-induced aggregation and desolvation methods, and a comprehensive physicochemical characterization is performed. PTX-Ce6@Ker efficacy is tested on osteosarcoma tumor cell lines, including chemo-resistant cells, using 2D and 3D model systems. The single and combined contributions of PTX and Ce6 is evaluated, and results show that PTX retains its activity while being vehiculated through keratin. Moreover, PTX and Ce6 act in an additive manner, demonstrating that the combination of the cytostatic blockage of PTX and the oxidative damage of ROS upon light irradiation have a far superior effect compared to singularly administered PTX or Ce6. Our findings provide the proof of principle for the development of a novel, nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martella
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Ballestri
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 9, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Duchi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu W, Wang Y, Zhu J, Jin L, Liu B, Xia K, Wang J, Gao J, Liang C, Tao H. Autophagy inhibitor enhance ZnPc/BSA nanoparticle induced photodynamic therapy by suppressing PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2018; 192:128-139. [PMID: 30448697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on the surface of tumor cells can exhaust cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells and lead to the failure of anti-tumor immunity during the course of tumor treatment. Here, we implemented a combined regimen of tumor resection and bovine serum albumin-Zinc phthalocyanine-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT). To overcome the long-distance metastasis of osteosarcoma, we also explored the effects of PD-L1 down-regulation with PDT and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA on osteosarcoma treatment. A dramatic anti-tumor effect induced by PDT was observed in a partial resection model, which revealed the potential clinical application of PDT during tumor resection. Meanwhile, we also confirmed the down-regulation of PD-L1 in osteosarcoma in response to PDT and 3-MA treatment, which significantly inhibited tumor growth in a model of tumor metastasis. The immunological response induced by the combination of the autophagy inhibitor and PDT suppressed osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo, which indicated the potential application of this regimen for preventing tumor metastasis. The combination of PDT with multiple therapies has a potentially bright future as an osteosarcoma treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Libin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China.
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Guesmi F, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and mediated brain injury attenuated by Thymus algeriensis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1275-1281. [PMID: 29800528 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by hydrophobic fractions of Thymus algeriensis (HFTS) growing in Tunisia. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidative stress inducer, acts by decreasing the body mass and brain mass of rats. Moreover, we found higher MDA levels in the group treated with H2O2 (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as a reduction in reduced glutathione activity in the brain tissues of H2O2-treated rats when compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05); however, rats that received HFTS with H2O2 experienced a decrease in MDA levels in the brain. In contrast, HFTS demonstrated neuroprotective effects in rat brain. Overall, exposure to HFTS prior to H2O2 induced a marked dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species scavenger levels (P < 0.05) accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in MDA levels (P < 0.05) when compared with no exposure. Notably, the activity of AChE was affected by exposure to natural compounds; levels were significantly lower in HFTS-treated rats and in those treated with the combination of HFTS and a low or high dose of H2O2. Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed that brain injuries occurred with high doses of H2O2 administered alone or with a low dose of HFTS, whereas a high dose of essential oil markedly alleviated neurone degeneration. The results suggest that HFTS alleviates neuroinflammation by acting as an AChE inhibitor and attenuates H2O2-induced brain toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- b Service of Anatomo-Pathology of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu W, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Fang W, Xia K, Shao J, Wu M, Liu B, Liang C, Ye C, Tao H. A review and outlook in the treatment of osteosarcoma and other deep tumors with photodynamic therapy: from basic to deep. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39833-39848. [PMID: 28418855 PMCID: PMC5503657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, one of the most promising minimally invasive treatments, has received increasing focus in tumor therapy research, which has been widely applied in treating superficial tumors. Three basic factors - photosensitizer, the light source, and oxidative stress - are responsible for tumor cell cytotoxicity. However, due to insufficient luminous flux and peripheral tissue damage, the utilization of photodynamic therapy is facing a huge limitation in deep tumor therapy. Osteosarcoma is the typical deep tumor, which is the most commonly occurring malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite developments in surgery, high risks of the amputation still threatens the health of osteosarcoma patients. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field of photodynamic therapy and specifically PDT research in OS treatment modalities. In addition, we also provide some novel suggestions, which could potentially be a breakthrough in PDT-induced OS therapies. PDT has the potential to become an effective therapy while the its limitations still present when applied on the treatment of OS or other types of deep tumors. Thus, more researches and studies in the field are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weijing Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minzu Wu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu YQ, Meng PS, Zhang HC, Liu X, Wang MX, Cao WW, Hu Z, Zhang ZG. Inhibitory effect of aloe emodin mediated photodynamic therapy on human oral mucosa carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:697-707. [PMID: 29102913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a study on inhibition of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, using novel photosensitizer (PS) aloe emodin (AE) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). Distinct morphology changes of oral mucosa carcinoma KB cells were observed under an optical microscope and cell migrations were inhibited owing to AE-PDT. The cell proliferation was blocked in G1 phase and the apoptosis increase were both caused by massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from photoactivated AE. The upregulation of Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein levels were observed after AE-PDT. The survival time of tumor mouse was prolonged without side effects ascribed to AE-PDT and its inhibitory effect on mice transplantation tumors was significant. It is indicated that AE mediated PDT is an innovative way to oral cancer treatment with the dominances of effectivity, minimal invasion, tissue integrity retention and none side effects on main organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Pei-Song Meng
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Hong-Chao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Meng-Xi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Wen-Wu Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tao Y, Ou Y, Yin H, Chen Y, Zhong S, Gao Y, Zhao Z, He B, Huang Q, Deng Q. Establishment and characterization of human osteosarcoma cells resistant to pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1427-1438. [PMID: 29048645 PMCID: PMC5642392 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to establish and characterize new human osteosarcoma cell lines resistant to pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT). MPPa-PDT-resistant cells are isolated from the human osteosarcoma MG63 and HOS cell lines and two resistant populations were finally acquired, including MG63/PDT and HOS/PDT. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the MPPa-PDT, cisplatin (CDDP) resistance and proliferation of MG63, MG63/PDT, HOS and HOS/PDT cells. The intracellular ROS were analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The colony formation, invasion and migration of parental and resistant cells were compared. FCM was employed to examine the cell cycle distribution, the apoptosis rate and the proportion of CD133+ cells. The fluorescence intensity of intracellular MPPa was observed by fluorescence microscopy and quantified using microplate reader. The protein levels were assessed by western blotting (WB). Compared with two parental cells, MG63/PDT and HOS/PDT were 1.67- and 1.61-fold resistant to MPPa-PDT, respectively, and also exhibited the resistance to CDDP. FCM assays confirmed that both MG63/PDT and HOS/PDT cells treated with MPPa-PDT displayed a significantly lower apoptosis rate in comparison with their corresponding parental cells. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (i.e. cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-PARP), intracellular ROS and the antioxidant proteins (HO-1 and SOD1) in MG63/PDT and HOS/PDT cells was also lower than that in parental cells. Both MG63/PDT and HOS/PDT cells exhibited changes in proliferation, photosensitizer absorption, colony formation, invasion, migration and the cell cycle distribution as compared to MG63 and HOS cells, respectively. Compared to MG63 and HOS cells, both resistant cell lines had a higher expression of CD133, survivin, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, MRP1, MDR1 and ABCG2, but a lower expression of Bax. The present study successfully established two resistant human osteosarcoma cell lines which are valuable to explore the resistance-related mechanisms and the approaches to overcome resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zenghui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hosipital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Qianxing Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Fengdu, Fengdu, Chongqing 408200, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|