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Herz M, Zarowiecki M, Wessels L, Pätzel K, Herrmann R, Braun C, Holroyd N, Huckvale T, Bergmann M, Spiliotis M, Koziol U, Berriman M, Brehm K. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae and germinative cell cultures reveals genes involved in parasite stem cell function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1335946. [PMID: 38333034 PMCID: PMC10850878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1335946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The lethal zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis is caused by tumour-like growth of the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis within host organs. We previously demonstrated that metacestode proliferation is exclusively driven by somatic stem cells (germinative cells), which are the only mitotically active parasite cells that give rise to all differentiated cell types. The Echinococcus gene repertoire required for germinative cell maintenance and differentiation has not been characterised so far. We herein carried out Illumina sequencing on cDNA from Echinococcus metacestode vesicles, from metacestode tissue depleted of germinative cells, and from Echinococcus primary cell cultures. We identified a set of ~1,180 genes associated with germinative cells, which contained numerous known stem cell markers alongside genes involved in replication, cell cycle regulation, mitosis, meiosis, epigenetic modification, and nucleotide metabolism. Interestingly, we also identified 44 stem cell associated transcription factors that are likely involved in regulating germinative cell differentiation and/or pluripotency. By in situ hybridization and pulse-chase experiments, we also found a new general Echinococcus stem cell marker, EmCIP2Ah, and we provide evidence implying the presence of a slow cycling stem cell sub-population expressing the extracellular matrix factor Emkal1. RNA-Seq analyses on primary cell cultures revealed that metacestode-derived Echinococcus stem cells display an expanded differentiation capability and do not only form differentiated cell types of the metacestode, but also cells expressing genes specific for protoscoleces, adult worms, and oncospheres, including an ortholog of the schistosome praziquantel target, EmTRPMPZQ. Finally, we show that primary cell cultures contain a cell population expressing an ortholog of the tumour necrosis factor α receptor family and that mammalian TNFα accelerates the development of metacestode vesicles from germinative cells. Taken together, our analyses provide a robust and comprehensive characterization of the Echinococcus germinative cell transcriptome, demonstrate expanded differentiation capability of metacestode derived stem cells, and underscore the potential of primary germinative cell cultures to investigate developmental processes of the parasite. These data are relevant for studies into the role of Echinococcus stem cells in parasite development and will facilitate the design of anti-parasitic drugs that specifically act on the parasite germinative cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Herz
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Leonie Wessels
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Pätzel
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Herrmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Braun
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Huckvale
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Bergmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spiliotis
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uriel Koziol
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Rodrigues DB, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Modelling the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment: 3D tumor spheroids as an evolving tool. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:13. [PMID: 38254117 PMCID: PMC10804490 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a serious burden in society and while the pace in the development of novel and more effective therapeutics is increasing, testing platforms that faithfully mimic the tumor microenvironment are lacking. With a clear shift from animal models to more complex in vitro 3D systems, spheroids emerge as strong options in this regard. Years of development have allowed spheroid-based models to better reproduce the biomechanical cues that are observed in the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular interactions that occur in both a cell-cell and cell-ECM manner. Here, we summarize some of the key cellular interactions that drive tumor development, progression and invasion, and how successfully are these interactions recapitulated in 3D spheroid models currently in use in the field. We finish by speculating on future advancements in the field and on how these can shape the relevance of spherical 3D models for tumor modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Zhang S, Cao Y, Huang Y, Zhang S, Wang G, Fang X, Bao W. Aqueous M. oleifera leaf extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through suppression of inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116929. [PMID: 37480965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) is a perennial deciduous tree with considerable agricultural and pharmacological value. Nearly all parts of the tree are edible, and nearly all parts are used in traditional medicine. Leaves of M. oleifera have the functions of hypoglycemic (antidiabetic), anti-cancer and anti-oxidant stress, but less research pay attention to the anti-inflammatory effect of M. oleifera leaves. AIM OF THE STUDY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gut with no ideal medication. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intestinal organoids and mice as in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves on inflammation induced by TNF-α and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) respectively. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation-related genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR, respectively. The compounds in the leaf extract were determined by LC/MS, and network pharmacology approach was employed to predict 54 anti-IBD potential targets of quercetin-3-galactoside (QG) and isoquercitrin (IS). RESULTS We found that the extract protected against damage to intestinal organoids caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and significantly down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The extract also suppressed the TNF-α-induced expression of Pcna, c-Myc, and c-Jun. Additionally, oral administration of the extract also ameliorated DSS-induced colon damage (colonic shortening, loss of goblet cells and overall abnormal cellularity), and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation-related genes in colitis. By LC/MS we identified nearly 2000 of the compounds in the leaf extract, of the flavonoids identified, QG and IS made up the largest percentage; both have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, network pharmacology approach was employed to predict 54 anti-IBD potential targets of QG and IS. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the overlapping targets participated in response to oxidative stress and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory capability, in vitro and in vivo, of the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves and suggests its potential phytotherapeutic treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuoshuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Alitongbieke G, Zhang X, Zhu F, Wu Q, Lin Z, Li X, Xue Y, Lai X, Feng J, Huang R, Pan Y. Glucan from Oudemansiella raphanipes suppresses breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by regulating macrophage polarization and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cancer 2024; 15:1169-1181. [PMID: 38356709 PMCID: PMC10861828 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The glucan extract of Oudemansiella raphanipes (Orp) has multiple biological properties, similar to extracts of other natural edible fungi. Drugs traditionally used in cancer treatment are associated with several drawbacks, such as side effects, induction of resistance, and poor prognosis, and many recent studies have focused on polysaccharides extracted from natural sources as alternatives. Our study focuses on the therapeutic role and molecular mechanism of action of Orp in breast cancer progression. Methods: MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice were used as the spontaneous breast cancer mice model. Immunoblotting, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the tumor behaviors in breast cancer. The inflammatory cell model was constructed using TNF-α. Macrophage activation and WNT/β-catenin signaling were assayed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Orp management significantly inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Besides, the Orp challenge also attenuated the ability of breast tumors to metastasize into lung tissues. Mechanistically, Orp treatment restrained the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages and suppressed WNT/β-catenin signaling in mouse tumor tissues, which implied that Orp-mediated tumor inhibition partly occurred via regulating the inflammatory response. Findings from in vitro experiments confirmed that Orp inhibited the TNF-α-induced nuclear transportation of β-catenin, thus preventing inflammation signaling and the expression of c-Myc in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Orp inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating macrophage polarization and the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis. The findings of this study suggest that Orp may be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulimiran Alitongbieke
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukai Zhu
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qici Wu
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xue
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Lai
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363099, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
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Cai X, Lv Y, Pan J, Cao Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Zheng H. CBX8 Promotes Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion of Lung Cancer through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:386-393. [PMID: 38265409 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037273375231204080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is primarily responsible for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features and is associated with the development of tumors. CBX8, a member of the PcG protein family, plays a critical role in various cancers, containing LC. However, specific regulatory mechanisms of CBX8 in LC progression are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of CBX8 in LC progression. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the relationship between CBX8 level and tumor and the enrichment pathway of CBX8 enrichment. qRT-PCR was used to detect the differential expression of CBX8 in LC cells and normal lung epithelial cells. The effects of knockdown or overexpression of CBX8 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LC cells were evaluated by CCK- -8 assay and Transwell assay, and the levels of proteins associated with the EMT pathway and Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CBX8 was highly expressed in LC and enriched on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression level of CBX8 was significantly elevated in LC cells. Knockdown of CBX8 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. Conversely, overexpression of CBX8 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. The Wnt inhibitor IWP-4 alleviated the effects produced by overexpression of CBX8. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrated that CBX8 induced EMT through Wnt/β-- catenin signaling, driving migration and invasion of LC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Cai
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yuankai Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
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Zhang H, Li J, Wang X, Wang K, Xie J, Chen G, Li Y, Zhong K, Li J, Chen X. IRE1α/XBP-1 promotes β-catenin signaling activation of airway epithelium in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102263. [PMID: 37935327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI), along with the more severe condition--acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients with high morbidity and mortality. Inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α)/X box protein-1 (XBP1) pathway was proved to regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and inflammation. Yet, its role on epithelial β-catenin in LPS-induced ALI remains to be elucidated. METHODS LPS-induced models were generated in mice (5 mg/kg) and Beas-2B cells (200 μg/mL). Two selective antagonists of IRE1α (4μ8c and STF-083010) were respectively given to LPS-exposed mice and cultured cells. RESULTS Up-regulated expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers immunoglobulin-binding protein (BIP) and spliced X box protein-1(XBP-1s) was detected after LPS exposure. Besides, LPS also led to a down-regulated total β-catenin level in the lung and Beas-2B cells, with decreased membrane distribution as well as increased cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation, paralleled by extensively up-regulated downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Treatment with either 4μ8c or STF-083010 not only significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation, but also recovered β-catenin expression in airway epithelia, preserving the adhesive function of β-catenin while blunting its signaling activity. CONCLUSION These results illustrated that IRE1α/XBP1 pathway promoted the activation of airway epithelial β-catenin signaling in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianPeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ding N, Luo R, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhang S, Chen H, Hu R. Current Status and Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01216-7. [PMID: 38001353 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly prevalent and prognostically poor disease, imposing immeasurable harm on human life and health. However, the treatment options for intracerebral hemorrhage are severely limited, particularly in terms of improving the microenvironment of the lesion, promoting neuronal cell survival, and enhancing neural function. This review comprehensively discussed the application of stem cell therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage, providing a systematic summary of its developmental history, types of transplants, transplantation routes, and transplantation timing. Moreover, this review presented the latest research progress in enhancing the efficacy of stem cell transplantation, including pretransplantation preconditioning, genetic modification, combined therapy, and other diverse strategies. Furthermore, this review pioneeringly elaborated on the barriers to clinical translation for stem cell therapy. These discussions were of significant importance for promoting stem cell therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage, facilitating its clinical translation, and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuixian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huanran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Wu J, Chan YT, Lu Y, Wang N, Feng Y. The tumor microenvironment in the postsurgical liver: Mechanisms and potential targets of postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1946-1973. [PMID: 37102365 DOI: 10.1002/med.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Surgery remains to be the mainstay of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, its therapeutic efficacy is significantly impaired by postoperative recurrence, which occurs in more than half of cases as a result of intrahepatic metastasis or de novo tumorigenesis. For decades, most therapeutic strategies on inhibiting postoperative HCC recurrence have been focused on the residual tumor cells but satisfying therapeutic outcomes are barely observed in the clinic. In recent years, a better understanding of tumor biology allows us to shift our focus from tumor cells toward the postoperative tumor microenvironment (TME), which is gradually identified to play a pivotal role in tumor recurrence. In this review, we describe various surgical stress and surgical perturbation on postoperative TME. Besides, we discuss how such alternations in TME give rise to postoperative recurrence of HCC. Based on its clinical significance, we additionally highlight the potential of the postoperative TME as a target for postoperative adjuvant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Marie MA, Sanderlin EJ, Hoffman AP, Cashwell KD, Satturwar S, Hong H, Sun Y, Yang LV. GPR4 Knockout Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation and Forestalls the Development of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Murine Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4974. [PMID: 37894341 PMCID: PMC10605520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR4 is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and has been shown to potentiate intestinal inflammation in murine colitis models. Herein, we evaluated the proinflammatory role of GPR4 in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM) mouse models in wild-type and GPR4 knockout mice. We found that GPR4 contributed to chronic intestinal inflammation and heightened DSS/AOM-induced intestinal tumor burden. Tumor blood vessel density was markedly reduced in mice deficient in GPR4, which correlated with increased tumor necrosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that GPR4 ablation alleviates intestinal inflammation and reduces tumor angiogenesis, development, and progression in the AOM/DSS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Marie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (M.A.M.)
| | - Edward J. Sanderlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (M.A.M.)
| | - Alexander P. Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (M.A.M.)
| | - Kylie D. Cashwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (M.A.M.)
| | - Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Heng Hong
- Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Li V. Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (M.A.M.)
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Luo Y, Xiao JH. Inflammatory auxo-action in the stem cell division theory of cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15444. [PMID: 37309372 PMCID: PMC10257902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a beneficial response to the changes caused by pathogens or injuries that can eliminate the source of damage and restore homeostasis in damaged tissues. However, chronic inflammation causes malignant transformation and carcinogenic effects of cells through continuous exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. According to the theory of stem cell division, the essential properties of stem cells, including long life span and self-renewal, make them vulnerable to accumulating genetic changes that can lead to cancer. Inflammation drives quiescent stem cells to enter the cell cycle and perform tissue repair functions. However, as cancer likely originates from DNA mutations that accumulate over time via normal stem cell division, inflammation may promote cancer development, even before the stem cells become cancerous. Numerous studies have reported that the mechanisms of inflammation in cancer formation and metastasis are diverse and complex; however, few studies have reviewed how inflammation affects cancer formation from the stem cell source. Based on the stem cell division theory of cancer, this review summarizes how inflammation affects normal stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer cells. We conclude that chronic inflammation leads to persistent stem cells activation, which can accumulate DNA damage and ultimately promote cancer. Additionally, inflammation not only facilitates the progression of stem cells into cancer cells, but also plays a positive role in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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11
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Chim LK, Williams IL, Bashor CJ, Mikos AG. Tumor-associated macrophages induce inflammation and drug resistance in a mechanically tunable engineered model of osteosarcoma. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122076. [PMID: 36931102 PMCID: PMC11132719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of various physical cues and biochemical signals that facilitate cancer progression, and tumor-associated macrophages are especially of interest as a treatable target due to their diverse pro-tumorigenic functions. Engineered three-dimensional models of tumors more effectively mimic the tumor microenvironment than monolayer cultures and can serve as a platform for investigating specific aspects of tumor biology within a controlled setting. To study the combinatorial effects of tumor-associated macrophages and microenvironment mechanical properties on osteosarcoma, we co-cultured human osteosarcoma cells with macrophages within biomaterials-based bone tumor niches with tunable stiffness. In the first 24 h of direct interaction between the two cell types, macrophages induced an inflammatory environment consisting of high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 within moderately stiff scaffolds. Expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), but not its homolog, transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), in osteosarcoma cells was significantly higher than in macrophages, and co-culture of the two cells slightly upregulated YAP in both cells, although not to a significant degree. Resistance to doxorubicin treatment in osteosarcoma cells was correlated with inflammation in the microenvironment, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibition diminished the inflammation-related differences in drug resistance but ultimately did not improve the efficacy of doxorubicin. This work highlights that the biochemical cues conferred by tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma are highly variable, and signals derived from the immune system should be considered in the development and testing of novel drugs for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle L Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb J Bashor
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Mohamed OS, Abdel Baky NA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Najjar AH. Lactoferrin alleviates cyclophosphamide induced-nephropathy through suppressing the orchestration between Wnt4/β-catenin and ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling and modulating klotho and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 319:121528. [PMID: 36828132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with vast arrays of therapeutic activity. Currently, its medical use is limited due to its numerous adverse events, including nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential renoprotective action of lactoferrin (LF) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS For fulfillment of our aim, Spragw-Dwaly rats were orally administrated LF (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (150 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS Treatment of CP-injured rats with LF significantly reduced the elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), markedly upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling with consequent increase in renal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decrease in renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, LF treatment significantly reduced the elevated renal p-ERK1/2 expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in CP-treated animals. Interestingly, LF treatment downregulated Wnt4/β-catenin signaling and increased both renal klotho gene expression and serum klotho level. Furthermore, LF treatment reduced apoptosis in kidney tissue via suppressing GSK-3β expression and modulating caspase-3 and Bcl2 levels. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue confirmed the protective effect of LF against CP-induced renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings document the renoprotective effect of LF against CP-induced nephropathy, which may be mediated via suppressing ERK1/2/ NF-κB and Wnt4/β-catenin trajectories and enhancing klotho expression and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Tian J, Li Y, Bao X, Yang F, Tang X, Jiang Q, Yin Y, Yao K. Early weaning causes small intestinal atrophy by inhibiting the activity of intestinal stem cells: involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:65. [PMID: 37020258 PMCID: PMC10077674 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early weaning and shorter breastfeeding duration are applied by a proportion of young mothers, especially in the social spheres of poverty-stricken areas. Early childhood is a critical period for intestinal development, which is driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, how early weaning practice affects the function of ISCs to mediate intestinal development remains unclear. METHODS We established an excellent early weaning mice model that has significant intestinal atrophy and growth arrest symptoms to explore the responses of ISCs to early weaning. The primary and passaged intestinal organoids from the suckling or early weaning mice were cultured to explore the underlying mechanism of early weaning affecting the ISCs. RESULTS Early weaning depressed the self-renewal of ISCs and attenuated the activity of ISCs-driven intestinal epithelial regeneration and crypt expansion in vivo and ex-vivo. Further results showed that early weaning retarded the differentiation of ISCs into transit-amplifying cells and Paneth cells, and accelerated the apoptosis of villous epithelial cells, jointly leading to intestinal epithelial atrophy. Mechanistically, early weaning inhibited Wnt signaling in ISCs, while an exogenous Wnt amplifier restored ISCs' function in ex-vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that early weaning depresses the activity of ISCs via attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and triggers the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in jejunum, thereby impeding ISCs-driven epithelial regeneration and intestinal growth, which may provide a basal theory for the development of infant nutrients targeting stem cells to alleviate early weaning-induced intestinal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Yuying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Xuetai Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China.
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14
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Gao C, Cai X, Ma L, Xue T, Li C. Molecular characterization, expression analysis and function identification of TNFα in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123912. [PMID: 36870626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
TNFα, as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in inflammation and immune homeostasis maintaining. However, the knowledge about the immune functions of teleost TNFα against bacterial infections is still limited. In this study, the TNFα was characterized from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). The bioinformatics analyses showed the evolutionary conservations in sequence and structure. The expression levels of Ss_TNFα mRNA were significantly up-regulated in the spleen and intestine after Aeromonas salmonicides and Edwardsiella tarda infections, and dramatically down-regulated in PBLs after LPS and poly I:C stimulations. Meanwhile, the extremely up-regulated expressions of other inflammatory cytokines (especially for IL-1β and IL17C) were observed in the intestine and spleen after bacterial infection and down-regulations were obtained in PBLs. The significant regulation with expression patterns of Ss_TNFα and other inflammatory cytokine mRNAs illustrated the variations of immunity in different tissues and cells of black rockfish. The regulated functions of Ss_TNFα in the up/downstream signaling pathways were preliminarily verified on the transcription and translation levels. Subsequently, in vitro knockdown of Ss_TNFα in the intestine cells of black rockfish confirmed the important immune roles of Ss_TNFα. Finally, the apoptotic analyses were conducted in PBLs and intestine cells of black rockfish. The rapid increases of the apoptotic rates were obtained in both PBLs and intestine cells after treatment with rSs_TNFα, but distinct apoptotic rates at the early and late stages of apoptosis were observed between these two types of cells. The results of apoptotic analyses suggested that Ss_TNFα could trigger apoptosis of different cells in different strategies in black rockfish. Overall, the findings in this study indicated the important roles of Ss_TNFα in the immune system of black rockfish during pathogenic infection, as well as the potential function on biomarker for monitoring the health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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16
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Ping TN, Hsieh SL, Wang JJ, Chen JB, Wu CC. Panax notoginseng Suppresses Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting the Noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3265. [PMID: 36501304 PMCID: PMC9735440 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) exerts cardiovascular-disease-protective effects, but the effect of PN on reducing vascular calcification (VC) is unknown. Under the VC process, however, endothelial bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) signals connect endothelial and smooth muscle cells. To investigate the effects of PN water extract (PNWE) on BMP-2 expression, human EA.hy926 endothelial cells were pretreated with PNWE for 48 h, and BMP-2 expression was then induced using warfarin/β-glycerophosphate (W/BGP) for another 24 h. The expression of BMP-2, the degrees of oxidative stress and inflammation, and the activation of noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were analyzed. The results showed that the BMP-2 levels in EA.hy926 cells were reduced in the groups treated with 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL PNWE combined with W/BGP. PNWE combined with W/BGP significantly reduced thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substrate and reactive oxygen species levels as well as prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. PNWE (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) reduced the p52 levels and p52/p100 protein ratio. Wnt and β-catenin protein expression was decreased in the groups treated with PNWE combined with W/BGP. These results showed that PNWE reduced BMP-2 expression in EA.hy926 cells by inhibiting the noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Ni Ping
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
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17
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Narasimhan H, Ferraro F, Bleilevens A, Weiskirchen R, Stickeler E, Maurer J. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) Stimulate Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Promote Intratumoral Invasion and Neovasculogenesis in the Liver of a Xenograft Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101481. [PMID: 36290384 PMCID: PMC9598572 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
TNBC represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. Although cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a minor fraction of all cancer cells, they are highly cancerous when compared to their non-stem counterparts, playing a major role in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Angiogenic stimuli and the tumor environment response are vital factors in cancer metastasis. However, the causes and effects of tumor angiogenesis are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate TNFα effects on primary triple-negative breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). TNFα stimulation increased the mesenchymality of BCSCs in an intermediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state, enhanced proliferation, self-renewal, and invasive capacity. TNFα-treatment elicited BCSC signaling on endothelial networks in vitro and increased the network forming capacity of the endothelial cells. Our findings further demonstrate that TNFα stimulation in BCSCs has the ability to instigate distinct cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment, inducing intra-tumoral stromal invasion. Further, TNFα-treatment in BCSCs induced a pre-metastatic niche through breast-liver organ crosstalk by inducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) enriched neovasculogenesis in the liver of tumor-bearing mice. Overall, TNFα is an important angiogenic target to be considered in breast cancer progression to attenuate any angiogenic response in the tumor environment that could lead to secondary organ metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Narasimhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC) RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Infection Promotes the Self-Renewal of Porcine Intestinal Stem Cells via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Virol 2022; 96:e0096222. [PMID: 36073923 PMCID: PMC9517692 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00962-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play an important role in tissue repair after injury. A recent report delineates the effect of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection on the small intestine of recovered pigs. However, the mechanism behind the epithelium regeneration upon TGEV infection remains unclear. To address this, we established a TGEV infection model based on the porcine intestinal organoid monolayer. The results illustrated that the porcine intestinal organoid monolayer was susceptible to TGEV. In addition, the TGEV infection initiated the interferon and inflammatory responses following the loss of absorptive enterocytes and goblet cells. However, TGEV infection did not disturb epithelial integrity but induced the proliferation of ISCs. Furthermore, TGEV infection activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, as well as promoting the expression of Wnt target genes, such as C-myc, Cyclin D1, Mmp7, Lgr5, and Sox9, which were associated with the self-renewal of ISCs. Collectively, these data demonstrated that the TGEV infection activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote the self-renewal of ISCs and resulted in intestinal epithelium regeneration. IMPORTANCE The intestinal epithelium is a physical barrier to enteric viruses and commensal bacteria. It plays an essential role in maintaining the balance between the host and intestinal microenvironment. In addition, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are responsible for tissue repair after injury. Therefore, prompt self-renewal of intestinal epithelium will facilitate the rebuilding of the physical barrier and maintain gut health. In the manuscript, we found that the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection did not disturb epithelial integrity but induced the proliferation of ISCs and facilitated epithelium regeneration. Detailed mechanism investigations revealed that the TGEV infection activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote the self-renewal of ISCs and resulted in intestinal epithelium regeneration. These findings will contribute to understanding the mechanism of intestinal epithelial regeneration and reparation upon viral infection.
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19
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Caspase-11/4 is involved in bacteria-mediated periodontitis by promoting the release of interleukin-1 β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Curcumin alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:517-525. [PMID: 35229255 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin plays an important role in inflammation regulation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its mechanism. VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (0, 50, 100 and 150 μg/mL). MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effects of curcumin on LPS-induced VSMCs viability and apoptosis. The expression and release of inflammatory cytokines in VSMCs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the proteins expressions of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways were analyzed by western blot. Interestingly, the results showed that curcumin could reduce LPS induced inflammatory injury by increasing VSMC's viability, reducing apoptosis and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, curcumin increased the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in LPS treated VSMCs. Mechanistically, we found that curcumin attenuated LPS-induced cell damage in VSMCs via inhibition of NF-κB and the JNK signal pathway. Curcumin can protect VSMCs from LPS induced inflammatory damage, which may be related to the blocking of NF-κB and the JNK signaling pathway. Herewith, curcumin could be potential therapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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21
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Su TR, Yu CC, Chao SC, Huang CC, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Yu CH, Lin SS. Fenofibrate diminishes the self-renewal and metastasis potentials of oral carcinoma stem cells through NF-κB signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1900-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Brischetto C, Krieger K, Klotz C, Krahn I, Kunz S, Kolesnichenko M, Mucka P, Heuberger J, Scheidereit C, Schmidt-Ullrich R. NF-κB determines Paneth versus goblet cell fate decision in the small intestine. Development 2021; 148:273388. [PMID: 34751748 PMCID: PMC8627599 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in intestinal inflammation and tumor formation has been investigated extensively, a physiological function of NF-κB in sustaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis beyond inflammation has not been demonstrated. Using NF-κB reporter mice, we detected strong NF-κB activity in Paneth cells, in ‘+4/+5’ secretory progenitors and in scattered Lgr5+ crypt base columnar stem cells of small intestinal (SI) crypts. To examine NF–κB functions in SI epithelial self-renewal, mice or SI crypt organoids (‘mini-guts’) with ubiquitously suppressed NF-κB activity were used. We show that NF-κB activity is dispensable for maintaining SI epithelial proliferation, but is essential for ex vivo organoid growth. Furthermore, we demonstrate a dramatic reduction of Paneth cells in the absence of NF-κB activity, concomitant with a significant increase in goblet cells and immature intermediate cells. This indicates that NF-κB is required for proper Paneth versus goblet cell differentiation and for SI epithelial homeostasis, which occurs via regulation of Wnt signaling and Sox9 expression downstream of NF-κB. The current study thus presents evidence for an important role for NF-κB in intestinal epithelial self-renewal. Summary: The transcription factor NF-κB, together with downstream Wnt and Sox9, is required for Paneth and goblet cell fate decisions and for maintenance of the small intestinal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Brischetto
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Krieger
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Klotz
- Unit for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Krahn
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- CF Electron Microscopy, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Kolesnichenko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Mucka
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heuberger
- Signal Transduction in Development and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Molecular characterization, expression analysis and function identification of Pf_TNF-α and its two receptors Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:176-193. [PMID: 34144067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common manifestation of body immunity and mediates a cascade of cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as a multi-effect cytokine, plays an important role in the inflammatory response by interacting with its receptor (TNFR). In this study, Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 genes were cloned from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and bioinformatics analyses showed that the three genes were conserved and possessed similar sequence characteristics as those of other vertebrates. The qPCR results showed that Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 mRNAs were constitutively expressed in 14 tissues and the lymphocytes of four tissues from healthy adults. The mRNA expression levels of Pf_TNF-α and Pf_TNFR1 genes were significantly up-regulated in the spleen, liver, trunk kidney, head kidney and gill after Edwardsiella ictaluri infection, while the mRNA expression of Pf_TNFR2 was significantly up-regulated in the spleen, and down-regulated in the liver and gill. In the isolated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of yellow catfish, the expression of Pf_TNF-α mRNA was notably up-regulated and the two Pf_TNFR transcripts were distinctly down-regulated after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After stimulated by recombinant (r) Pf_sTNF protein, the mRNA expressions of various inflammatory factors genes were up-regulated in the PBLs. Meanwhile, rPf_sTNF promoted the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, whereas the activity mediated by rPf_sTNF could be inhibited by rPf_TNFR1CRD2/3 and rPf_TNFR2CRD2/3. The up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs expression triggered by rPf_sTNF could be inhibited by MAPK inhibitor (VX-702) and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC). rPf_sTNF induced the expression of FADD mRNA in PBLs and increased the apoptotic rate of PBLs, and inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways could enhance the apoptosis of PBLs. The results indicate that Pf_TNF-α, Pf_TNFR1 and Pf_TNFR2 play important roles in the immune response of yellow catfish to bacterial invasion.
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Targeting the crosstalk between canonical Wnt/β-catenin and inflammatory signaling cascades: A novel strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107876. [PMID: 33930452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging scientific evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical component of tumor promotion and progression. Most cancers originate from sites of chronic irritation, infections and inflammation, underscoring that the tumor microenvironment is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory molecules. These inflammatory components are intimately involved in neoplastic processes which foster proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration, making inflammation the primary target for cancer prevention and treatment. The influence of inflammation and the immune system on the progression and development of cancer has recently gained immense interest. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signaling strategy, has a critical role in regulating tissue development. It has been implicated as a major player in cancer development and progression with its regulatory role on inflammatory cascades. Many naturally-occurring and small synthetic molecules endowed with inherent anti-inflammatory properties inhibit this aberrant signaling pathway, making them a promising class of compounds in the fight against inflammatory cancers. This article analyzes available scientific evidence and suggests a crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inflammatory pathways in inflammatory cancers, especially breast, gastrointestinal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. We also highlight emerging experimental findings that numerous anti-inflammatory synthetic and natural compounds target the crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cascades to achieve cancer prevention and intervention. Current challenges, limitations, and future directions of research are also discussed.
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26
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Laha D, Grant R, Mishra P, Nilubol N. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Manipulating the Immunological Response of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656908. [PMID: 33986746 PMCID: PMC8110933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on its various components and the use of TNF-α to improve the efficiency of drug delivery. The TME comprises the supporting structure of the tumor, such as its extracellular matrix and vasculature. In addition to cancer cells and cancer stem cells, the TME contains various other cell types, including pericytes, tumor-associated fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. These cells produce signaling molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. This review summarizes the intricate balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions that various non-tumor cells within the TME exert. We focused on the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells in the TME that plays an essential role in regulating the immune response, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The multifunctional cytokine, TNF-α, plays essential roles in diverse cellular events within the TME. The uses of TNF-α in cancer treatment and to facilitate cancer drug delivery are discussed. The effects of TNF-α on tumor neovasculature and tumor interstitial fluid pressure that improve treatment efficacy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Regulation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by non-coding RNAs in cancer: Inhibiting or promoting carcinogenesis? Cancer Lett 2021; 509:63-80. [PMID: 33838282 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is considered as a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. It has been well established that transcription factor NF-κB is involved in regulating physiological and pathological events including inflammation, immune response and differentiation. Increasing evidences suggest that deregulated NF-κB signaling can enhance cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and also mediate radio-as well as chemo-resistance. On the contrary, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to modulate NF-κB signaling pathway under different settings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can dually inhibit/induce NF-κB signaling thereby affecting the growth and migration of cancer cells. Furthermore, the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also be regulated by miRNAs. Regulation of NF-κB by miRNAs may be mediated via binding to 3/-UTR region. Interestingly, anti-tumor compounds can increase the expression of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in inhibiting NF-κB activation and the progression of cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) can also effectively modulate NF-κB signaling thus affecting tumorigenesis. It is noteworthy that several studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs and circRNAs can affect miRNAs in targeting NF-κB activation. They can act as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) thereby reducing miRNA expression to induce NF-κB activation that can in turn promote cancer progression and malignancy.
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28
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Pu Z, Yang F, Wang L, Diao Y, Chen D. Advancements of compounds targeting Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. J Drug Target 2020; 29:507-519. [PMID: 33307848 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1864741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt and Notch signalling pathways are important for maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Dysfunction of these pathways is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. The objective of this review is to summarise advancements of drugs that regulate Wnt and Notch in the treatment of IBD and colon cancer. The compositions and biological effects of Wnt and Notch modulators in both ISCs and non-ISCs are discussed. The drugs, including phytochemicals, plant extracts, probiotics and synthetic compounds, have been found to regulate Wnt and Notch signalling pathways by targeting regulatory factors (including secreted frizzled-related proteins or pathway proteins such as β-catenin and γ-secretase) to alleviate IBD and colon cancer. This review highlights the potential for targeting Wnt and Notch pathways to treat IBD and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Pu
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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29
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Annett S, Moore G, Robson T. Obesity and Cancer Metastasis: Molecular and Translational Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3798. [PMID: 33339340 PMCID: PMC7766668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modern health problem that has reached pandemic proportions. It is an established risk factor for carcinogenesis, however, evidence for the contribution of adipose tissue to the metastatic behavior of tumors is also mounting. Over 90% of cancer mortality is attributed to metastasis and metastatic tumor cells must communicate with their microenvironment for survival. Many of the characteristics observed in obese adipose tissue strongly mirror the tumor microenvironment. Thus in the case of prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are all located in close anatomical proximity to an adipose tissue depot, the adjacent fat provides an ideal microenvironment to enhance tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Adipocytes provide adipokines, fatty acids and other soluble factors to tumor cells whilst immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In addition, there are emerging studies on the role of the extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose tissue, and the extracellular matrix itself, as drivers of obesity-induced metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the major mechanisms responsible for the obesity-metastatic link. Furthermore, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide novel therapies to halt the tumor-adipose tissue crosstalk with the ultimate aim of inhibiting tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (S.A.); (G.M.)
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