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Osada N, Kikuchi J, Okada Y, Matsuoka S, Morishita K, Nakasone H, Furukawa Y. Cytotoxicity of bendamustine, alone and in combination with novel agents, toward adult T-cell leukemia cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309533. [PMID: 39348376 PMCID: PMC11441677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) develops from the infection of T cells with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). There are an estimated 5-20 million HTLV-1 carriers worldwide and the patients are frequently observed in subtropical Africa, the Caribbean, Middle East, South America, and South West Japan. The prognosis of ATL remains dismal due to rapid acquired resistance to treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, the development of novel therapies for relapsed or refractory (R/R) ATL is an unmet need. Previous clinical trials revealed that bendamustine (BDM) was effective as the first-line treatment for indolent lymphoma and R/R cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Its major advantage is that it has few side effects such as hair loss and peripheral neuropathy, and does not impair the quality of life. However, its efficacy has not been verified for ATL in pre-clinical or clinical studies. In this study, we have shown the cytotoxicity of BDM alone and in combination with novel agents including the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor tucidinostat, the enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 (EZH1/2) dual inhibitor valemetostat, and the Bcl2 family inhibitor ABT-737. The combined in vitro effects of BDM and tucidinostat were reproduced in a murine model without any obvious hematological toxicity. Our present results suggest that the combination of tucidinostat and BDM could additively prolong the survival of patients with R/R progressive ATL. The efficacy and safety of this combination are thus worthy of investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Osada
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sae Matsuoka
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- HTLV-1/ATL Research, Education and Medical Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Project for Advanced Medical Research and Development, Project Research Division, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Emerging Medicine for Integrated Therapeutics (EMIT), Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Munguira EB, Andrés Juan C, Pérez-Lebeña E. Dual-Action Therapeutics: DNA Alkylation and Antimicrobial Peptides for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3123. [PMID: 39335095 PMCID: PMC11429518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most difficult diseases to treat, requiring continuous research into innovative therapeutic strategies. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective to a certain extent but often have significant side effects and carry the risk of resistance. In recent years, the concept of dual-acting therapeutics has attracted considerable attention, particularly the combination of DNA alkylating agents and antimicrobial peptides. DNA alkylation, a well-known mechanism in cancer therapy, involves the attachment of alkyl groups to DNA, leading to DNA damage and subsequent cell death. Antimicrobial peptides, on the other hand, have been shown to be effective anticancer agents due to their ability to selectively disrupt cancer cell membranes and modulate immune responses. This review aims to explore the synergistic potential of these two therapeutic modalities. It examines their mechanisms of action, current research findings, and the promise they offer to improve the efficacy and specificity of cancer treatments. By combining the cytotoxic power of DNA alkylation with the unique properties of antimicrobial peptides, dual-action therapeutics may offer a new and more effective approach to fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia María Curieses Andrés
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.C.A.); (E.B.M.)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Elena Bustamante Munguira
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.C.A.); (E.B.M.)
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
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3
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Huang JP, Yeh CM, Gong YW, Tsai MH, Lin YT, Tsai CK, Liu CJ. Risk and impact of cytomegalovirus infection in lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05839-0. [PMID: 39158713 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Bendamustine is used to treat lymphoma with excellent efficacy but is known for its immunosuppressive effect. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after bendamustine use has been reported. We aim to address the impact of CMV infection in lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine-containing regimens. We retrospectively analyzed lymphoma patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan between September 1, 2010, and April 30, 2022. Clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMVi) was defined as the first CMV reactivation after bendamustine use necessitating CMV therapy. Patients' baseline characteristics and laboratory data were recorded. The primary endpoint of the study was CS-CMVi. A time-dependent covariate Cox regression model was used to estimate the risk factors of CS-CMVi and mortality. A total of 211 lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine were enrolled. Twenty-seven (12.8%) had CS-CMVi. The cumulative incidence was 10.1 per 100 person-years during the three-year follow-up period. In the multivariate analysis, lines of therapy before bendamustine ≥ 1 (95% CI 1.10-24.76), serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL (95% CI 2.63-52.93), and liver disease (95% CI 1.51-28.61) were risk factors for CS-CMVi. In conclusion, CS-CMVi (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-10.73) was one of the major independent risk factors of mortality. Lines of therapy before bendamustine ≥ 1, hypoalbuminemia, and liver disease were risk factors for CS-CMVi in lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Yeh
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Gong
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201 Shipai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan.
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201 Shipai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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McKeown JP, Byrne AJ, Bright SA, Charleton CE, Kandwal S, Čmelo I, Twamley B, McElligott AM, Fayne D, O’Boyle NM, Williams DC, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Ethanoanthracenes and Related Compounds: Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1034. [PMID: 39204139 PMCID: PMC11359702 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B cells, and it is the most frequent form of leukemia diagnosed in Western countries. It is characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. We report the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of a series of novel ethanoanthracene compounds in CLL cell lines. Structural modifications were achieved via the Diels-Alder reaction of 9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene and 3-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-arylprop-2-en-1-ones (anthracene chalcones) with dienophiles, including maleic anhydride and N-substituted maleimides, to afford a series of 9-(E)-(2-nitrovinyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[3,4]epipyrroloanthracene-12,14-diones, 9-(E)-3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[3,4]epipyrroloanthracene-12,14-diones and related compounds. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structures of the novel ethanoanthracenes 23f, 23h, 24a, 24g, 25f and 27. The products were evaluated in HG-3 and PGA-1 CLL cell lines (representative of poor and good patient prognosis, respectively). The most potent compounds were identified as 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n with IC50 values in the ranges of 0.17-2.69 µM (HG-3) and 0.35-1.97 µM (PGA-1). The pro-apoptotic effects of the potent compounds 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n were demonstrated in CLL cell lines HG-3 (82-95%) and PGA-1 (87-97%) at 10 µM, with low toxicity (12-16%) observed in healthy-donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations representative of the compounds IC50 values for both the HG-3 and PGA-1 CLL cell lines. The antiproliferative effect of the selected compounds, 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n, was mediated through ROS flux with a marked increase in cell viability upon pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC. 25n also demonstrated sub-micromolar activity in the NCI 60 cancer cell line panel, with a mean GI50 value of 0.245 µM. This ethanoanthracene series of compounds offers potential for the further development of lead structures as novel chemotherapeutics to target CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. McKeown
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Byrne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (D.C.W.)
| | - Clara E. Charleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 P3X2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony M. McElligott
- Discipline of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (D.C.W.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
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Kirti A, Simnani FZ, Jena S, Lenka SS, Kalalpitiya C, Naser SS, Singh D, Choudhury A, Sahu RN, Yadav A, Sinha A, Nandi A, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Suar M, Verma SK. Nanoparticle-mediated metronomic chemotherapy in cancer: A paradigm of precision and persistence. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216990. [PMID: 38801886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Current methods of cancer therapy have demonstrated enormous potential in tumor inhibition. However, a high dosage regimen of chemotherapy results in various complications which affect the normal body cells. Tumor cells also develop resistance against the prescribed drugs in the whole treatment regimen increasing the risk of cancer relapse. Metronomic chemotherapy is a modern treatment method that involves administering drugs at low doses continuously, allowing the drug sufficient time to take its effect. This method ensures that the toxicity of the drugs is to a minimum in comparison to conventional chemotherapy. Nanoparticles have shown efficacy in delivering drugs to the tumor cells in various cancer therapies. Combining nanoparticles with metronomic chemotherapy can yield better treatment results. This combination stimulates the immune system, improving cancer cells recognition by immune cells. Evidence from clinical and pre-clinical trials supports the use of metronomic delivery for drug-loaded nanoparticles. This review focuses on the functionalization of nanoparticles for improved drug delivery and inhibition of tumor growth. It emphasizes the mechanisms of metronomic chemotherapy and its conjunction with nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores tumor progression and the current methods of chemotherapy. The challenges associated with nano-based metronomic chemotherapy are outlined, paving the way for prospects in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Kirti
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | | | - Snehasmita Jena
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sudakshya S Lenka
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | | | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Anu Yadav
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India; Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wei Y. Advancements in the impact of human microbiota and probiotics on leukemia. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1423838. [PMID: 39021626 PMCID: PMC11251910 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays a crucial role in promoting the interaction between the body and its environment. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut microbiota has diverse physiological functions. Recent studies have shown a close association between the gut microbiota and the development of certain tumors, including leukemia. Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of one or more types of blood cells, which is the most common cancer in children. The imbalance of gut microbiota is linked to the pathological mechanisms of leukemia. Probiotics, which are beneficial microorganisms that help maintain the balance of the host microbiome, play a role in regulating gut microbiota. Probiotics have the potential to assist in the treatment of leukemia and improve the clinical prognosis of leukemia patients. This study reviews the relationship between gut microbiota, probiotics, and the progression of leukemia based on current research. In addition, utilizing zebrafish leukemia models in future studies might reveal the specific mechanisms of their interactions, thereby providing new insights into the clinical treatment of leukemia. In conclusion, further investigation is still needed to fully understand the accurate role of microbes in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Krstulović L, Rastija V, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Held J, Rajić Z, Živković Z, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Design, Synthesis, Antitumor, and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of New 7-Chloroquinoline-Benzimidazole Hybrids. Molecules 2024; 29:2997. [PMID: 38998949 PMCID: PMC11243327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrids were characterized by NMR and elemental analysis. Compounds were tested for their effects on the growth of the non-tumor cell line MRC-5 (human fetal lung fibroblasts) and carcinoma (HeLa and CaCo-2), leukemia, and lymphoma (Hut78, THP-1, and HL-60) cell lines. The obtained results, expressed as the concentration at which 50% inhibition of cell growth is achieved (IC50 value), show that the tested compounds affect cell growth differently depending on the cell line and the applied dose (IC50 ranged from 0.2 to >100 µM). Also, the antiplasmodial activity of these hybrids was evaluated against two P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2). The tested compounds showed potent antiplasmodial activity, against both strains, at nanomolar concentrations. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis resulted in predictive models for antiplasmodial activity against the 3D7 strain (R2 = 0.886; Rext2 = 0.937; F = 41.589) and Dd2 strain (R2 = 0.859; Rext2 = 0.878; F = 32.525) of P. falciparum. QSAR models identified the structural features of these favorable effects on antiplasmodial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Lais Pessanha de Carvalho
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (L.P.d.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (L.P.d.C.); (J.H.)
- Partner Site Tuebingen, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zorislava Živković
- General County Hospital of Našice, Bana Jelačića 10, HR-31500 Našice, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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8
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Li D, Zhang Y, Ni JQ, Zhu J, Lu WT, Chen YL, Cheng L, Wang YQ, Li QJ, Wang J, Lu YB, Chen J, Chen L. Post-marketing risk analysis of bendamustine: a real-world approach based on the FAERS database. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372401. [PMID: 38803441 PMCID: PMC11128657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Bendamustine was approved for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite its therapeutic benefits, the long-term safety of bendamustine in a large population remains inadequately understood. This study evaluates the adverse events (AEs) associated with bendamustine, using a real-world pharmacovigilance database to support its clinical application. Methods: We conducted a post-marketing risk analysis to assess the association between bendamustine and its AEs. Data were extracted from the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), covering the period from January 2017 to September 2023. The characteristics of bendamustine-associated AEs and the onset time were further analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using MYSQL 8.0, Navicat Premium 15, Microsoft EXCEL 2016, and Minitab 21.0. Results: 9,461,874 reports were collected from the FAERS database, 9,131 identified bendamustine as the "primary suspected" drug. We identified 331 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs). Common AEs included pyrexia, neutropenia, infusion site reaction, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), injection site vasculitis, and pneumonia-all documented on bendamustine's label. Notably, 16 unexpected and significant AEs were discovered, including hypogammaglobulinemia, which is concerning due to its potential to increase infection susceptibility following bendamustine treatment. Other significant findings were anaphylactic reactions, PML, and cutaneous malignancies, suggesting updates to the drug's label may be necessary. Physicians should monitor for neurological and skin changes in patients and discontinue treatment if PML is suspected. Moreover, the median onset time for bendamustine-associated AEs was 13 days, with an interquartile range [IQR] of 0-59 days, predominantly occurring on the first day post-initiation. The β of bendamustine-related AEs suggested risk reduction over time. Conclusion: Our study uncovered some potential pharmacovigilance signals for bendamustine, providing important insights for its safe and effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Qi Ni
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Ting Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Qi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Jiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Bing Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Jinniu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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9
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Aurer I, Jakšić O, Bašić-Kinda S, Mrđenović S, Ostojić-Kolonić S, Lozić D, Holik H, Novaković-Coha S, Berneš P, Krečak I, Morić-Perić M, Narančić M, Mitrović Z, Valković T. Treatment-Related Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients Treated for Lymphoid Malignancies in the Pre-Omicron Era-A Study of KroHem, the Croatian Group for Hematologic Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:331. [PMID: 38397933 PMCID: PMC10887065 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at increased risk of death or prolonged infection due to COVID-19. Data on the influence of different antineoplastic treatment modalities on outcomes are conflicting. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies increase the risk of prolonged infection. It is unclear whether this risk is affected by the choice of the antibody (rituximab vs. obinutuzumab). To elucidate the role of antineoplastic therapy on COVID-19 outcomes, KroHem collected data on patients with lymphoid malignancies diagnosed with COVID-19 between October 2020 and April 2021. A total of 314 patients were identified, 75 untreated, 61 off treatment and 178 on treatment. The mortality rate in untreated and off-treatment patients was 15% and 16%; 9% and 10% had prolonged infection. In the on-treatment group, 3% were still prolonged positive at time of data collection, 62% recovered and 35% died; 42% had prolonged infection. Disease type, use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, prior autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) and line of treatment did not significantly affect mortality. Mortality was higher in older patients (p = 0.0078) and those treated with purine analogues (p = 0.012). Prolonged COVID-19 was significantly more frequent in patients treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (p = 0.012), especially obinutuzumab, and purine analogues (p = 0.012). Age, prior ASCT and treatment line did not significantly affect risk of prolonged infection. These data suggest that increased age and use of purine analogues are main risk factors for increased mortality of COVID-19 in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Obinutuzumab further increases the risk of prolonged disease, but not of death, in comparison to rituximab. Epidemiological considerations should be taken into account when choosing the appropriate antineoplastic therapy for patients with lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Aurer
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia or (O.J.); (S.O.-K.); or (Z.M.)
| | - Ozren Jakšić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia or (O.J.); (S.O.-K.); or (Z.M.)
- University Hospital Dubrava, Av. G. Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Bašić-Kinda
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Stefan Mrđenović
- University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Medical School, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Slobodanka Ostojić-Kolonić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia or (O.J.); (S.O.-K.); or (Z.M.)
- University Hospital Merkur, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Lozić
- University Hospital Centre Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Hrvoje Holik
- General Hospital Dr. Josip Benčević, A. Štampara 42, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia;
| | - Sabina Novaković-Coha
- University Hospital Centre Sisters of Mercy, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petra Berneš
- General Hospital Pula, Santoriova ul. 24a, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Krečak
- General Hospital Šibenik, S. Radića 83, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Martina Morić-Perić
- General Hospital Zadar, B. Peričića 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia; (M.M.-P.); (M.N.)
| | - Marino Narančić
- General Hospital Zadar, B. Peričića 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia; (M.M.-P.); (M.N.)
| | - Zdravko Mitrović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia or (O.J.); (S.O.-K.); or (Z.M.)
- University Hospital Dubrava, Av. G. Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Valković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Sinha P, Tripathi A, Madakshira MG, Kamboj P, Prashantha GB. Bendamustine as a Cause of Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid-A Rare Side Effect. Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:141-143. [PMID: 38282987 PMCID: PMC10810399 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_47_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Preema Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akansha Tripathi
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Parul Kamboj
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - GB Prashantha
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Filioglou D, Husnain M, Khurana S, Simpson RJ, Katsanis E. Has the shortage of fludarabine altered the current paradigm of lymphodepletion in favor of bendamustine? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1329850. [PMID: 38077398 PMCID: PMC10702755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common lymphodepletion regimen used prior to infusion of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) is cyclophosphamide (CY) in combination with fludarabine (Flu) (CY-FLU). While cyclophosphamide (CY) possesses lymphotoxic effects, it concurrently preserves regulatory T cell activity, potentially affecting the efficacy of CAR-T cells. Moreover, the use of fludarabine (FLU) has been linked to neurotoxicity, which could complicate the early detection of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) observed in CAR-T cell therapy. Given the ongoing shortage of FLU, alternative lymphodepleting agents have become necessary. To date, only a limited number of studies have directly compared different lymphodepleting regimens, and most of these comparisons have been retrospective in nature. Herein, we review the current literature on lymphodepletion preceding CAR-T cell therapies for lymphoid hematologic malignancies, with a specific focus on the use of bendamustine (BEN). Recent evidence suggests that administering BEN before CAR-T cell infusion yields comparable efficacy, possibly with a more favorable toxicity profile when compared to CY-FLU. This warrants further investigation through randomized prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Husnain
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sharad Khurana
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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12
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Shee M, Zhang D, Banerjee M, Roy S, Pal B, Anoop A, Yuan Y, Singh NDP. Interrogating bioinspired ESIPT/PCET-based Ir(iii)-complexes as organelle-targeted phototherapeutics: a redox-catalysis under hypoxia to evoke synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9872-9884. [PMID: 37736623 PMCID: PMC10510766 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Installing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in Ir-complexes is indeed a newly explored phenomenon, offering high quantum efficiency and tunable photophysics; however, the prospects for its application in various fields, including interrogating biological systems, are quite open and exciting. Herein, we developed various organelle-targeted Ir(iii)-complexes by leveraging the photoinduced PCET process to see the opportunities in phototherapeutic application and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action (MOAs). We diversified the ligands' nature and also incorporated a H-bonded benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) moiety with π-conjugated ancillary ligands in Ir(iii) to study the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for tuning dual emission bands and to tempt excited-state PCET. These visible or two-photon-NIR light activatable Ir-catalysts generate reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and simultaneously oxidize electron donating biomolecules (1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or glutathione) to disrupt redox homeostasis, downregulate the GPX4 enzyme, and amplify oxidative stress and lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation. Our homogeneous photocatalytic platform efficiently triggers organelle dysfunction mediated by a Fenton-like pathway with spatiotemporal control upon illumination to evoke ferroptosis poised with the synergistic action of apoptosis in a hypoxic environment leading to cell death. Ir2 is the most efficient photochemotherapy agent among others, which provided profound cytophototoxicity to 4T1 and MCF-7 cancerous cells and inhibited solid hypoxic tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniklal Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Samrat Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bipul Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
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Shimazu Y, Mizumoto C, Chonabayashi K, Hanyu Y, Kanda J, Takaori-Kondo A. Successful treatment with cyclosporine of pure red cell aplasia induced by obinutuzumab bendamustine therapy. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2291-2292. [PMID: 37103614 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimazu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chisaki Mizumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Chonabayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuta Hanyu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kyoto, Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
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14
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Bryaskova R, Georgiev N, Philipova N, Bakov V, Anichina K, Argirova M, Apostolova S, Georgieva I, Tzoneva R. Novel Fluorescent Benzimidazole-Hydrazone-Loaded Micellar Carriers for Controlled Release: Impact on Cell Toxicity, Nuclear and Microtubule Alterations in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1753. [PMID: 37376201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent micellar carriers with controlled release of a novel anticancer drug were developed to enable intracellular imaging and cancer treatment simultaneously. The nanosized fluorescent micellar systems were embedded with a novel anticancer drug via the self-assembling behavior of well-defined block copolymers based on amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PAA-b-PnBA) copolymer obtained by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and hydrophobic anticancer benzimidazole-hydrazone drug (BzH). Through this method, well-defined nanosized fluorescent micelles were obtained consisting of a hydrophilic PAA shell and a hydrophobic PnBA core embedded with the BzH drug due to the hydrophobic interactions, thus reaching very high encapsulation efficiency. The size, morphology, and fluorescent properties of blank and drug-loaded micelles were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, after 72 h of incubation, drug-loaded micelles released 3.25 μM of BzH, which was spectrophotometrically determined. The BzH drug-loaded micelles were found to exhibit enhanced antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, with long-lasting effects on microtubule organization, with apoptotic alterations and preferential localization in the perinuclear space of cancer cells. In contrast, the antitumor effect of BzH alone or incorporated in micelles on non-cancerous cells MCF-10A was relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna Bryaskova
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikoleta Philipova
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ventsislav Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kameliya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Argirova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Azer SA, Alsharafi AA. Can pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a learning resource? Critical assessment of articles on chemotherapeutic drugs. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:333-345. [PMID: 36951631 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy students tend to use Wikipedia as a quick resource of knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of content and readability level of Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutics, using quality and readability tools. Using the British National Formulary (BNF-2018) and ClinicalTrials.gov, we identified 188 chemotherapeutic drugs. We randomly selected 100 drugs with an Excel randomization program. The English Wikipedia was searched for the selected 100 drugs, and prints of the identified articles were obtained. Readability was calculated with an online instrument (http://www.readabilityformulas.com/). Articles were independently scored by two researchers using the modified DISCERN tool for content assessment. The modified DISCERN scores had a median value of 24 [interquartile range (IQR) = 7.5]. Two articles (2%) had good quality (DISCERN score 36-40), thirty-eight (38%) were moderate (DISCERN 26-35), and sixty (60%) were poor in score (DISCERN ≤25). The articles covered drug indications and most side effects. However, the majority lacked information on the routes of administration, contraindications, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action. We found a correlation between DISCERN scores and number of edits (P value = 0.00033, R2 = 0.1238). The number of references varied from 2 to 150 (median= 17, IQR = 17). Several problems were identified in the lists of references and citations. Most articles lacked tables and figures. The readability of the articles was 14.35 ± 3.13, consistent with the readability level of university students. In conclusion, the Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutic drugs were not written for professional pharmacy students. Although they matched the expected readability level of university students, most were incomplete and lacked essential information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pharmacy students use Wikipedia as a quick resource of knowledge. However, Wikipedia articles are not written for professional pharmacy students. The study shows that although Wikipedia articles on chemotherapeutic drugs matched the expected readability level of university students, most needed to be completed and lacked essential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Azer
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya A Alsharafi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Costa BA, Mouhieddine TH, Ortiz RJ, Richter J. Revisiting the Role of Alkylating Agents in Multiple Myeloma: Up-to-Date Evidence and Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 187:104040. [PMID: 37244325 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From the 1960s to the early 2000s, alkylating agents (e.g., melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and bendamustine) remained a key component of standard therapy for newly-diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Later on, their associated toxicities (including second primary malignancies) and the unprecedented efficacy of novel therapies have led clinicians to increasingly consider alkylator-free approaches. Meanwhile, new alkylating agents (e.g., melflufen) and new applications of old alkylators (e.g., lymphodepletion before chimeric antigen receptor T-cell [CAR-T] therapy) have emerged in recent years. Given the expanding use of antigen-directed modalities (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and CAR-T therapy), this review explores the current and future role of alkylating agents in different treatment settings (e.g., induction, consolidation, stem cell mobilization, pre-transplant conditioning, salvage, bridging, and lymphodepleting chemotherapy) to ellucidate the role of alkylator-based regimens in modern-day MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida Costa
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo J Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Krstulović L, Leventić M, Rastija V, Starčević K, Jirouš M, Janić I, Karnaš M, Lasić K, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole Hybrids as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Growth: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, in Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:540. [PMID: 36677600 PMCID: PMC9866588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole compounds were synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. These novel hybrids differ in the type of linker and in the substituent on the benzimidazole moiety. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated on one non-tumor (MDCK1) and seven selected tumor (CaCo-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, Hut78, THP-1, and Raji) cell lines by MTT test and flow cytometry analysis. The compounds with different types of linkers and an unsubstituted benzimidazole ring, 5d, 8d, and 12d, showed strong cytotoxic activity (the GI50 ranged from 0.4 to 8 µM) and effectively suppressed the cell cycle progression in the leukemia and lymphoma cells. After 24 h of treatment, compounds 5d and 12d induced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis in HuT78 cells. The drug-like properties and bioavailability of the compounds were calculated using the Swiss ADME web tool, and a molecular docking study was performed on tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (PDB: 3G6H). Compound 12d showed good solubility and permeability and bound to c-Src with an energy of -119.99 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu310 and Asp404 in the active site and other residues with van der Waals interactions. The results suggest that compound 12d could be a leading compound in the further design of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jirouš
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Janić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kornelija Lasić
- R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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18
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Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab-chemotherapy Combinations in Front-line Treatment of Follicular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of KROHEM, the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Diseases. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e807. [DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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