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Roy DB, Alison J, August TA, Bélisle M, Bjerge K, Bowden JJ, Bunsen MJ, Cunha F, Geissmann Q, Goldmann K, Gomez-Segura A, Jain A, Huijbers C, Larrivée M, Lawson JL, Mann HM, Mazerolle MJ, McFarland KP, Pasi L, Peters S, Pinoy N, Rolnick D, Skinner GL, Strickson OT, Svenning A, Teagle S, Høye TT. Towards a standardized framework for AI-assisted, image-based monitoring of nocturnal insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230108. [PMID: 38705190 PMCID: PMC11070254 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Automated sensors have potential to standardize and expand the monitoring of insects across the globe. As one of the most scalable and fastest developing sensor technologies, we describe a framework for automated, image-based monitoring of nocturnal insects-from sensor development and field deployment to workflows for data processing and publishing. Sensors comprise a light to attract insects, a camera for collecting images and a computer for scheduling, data storage and processing. Metadata is important to describe sampling schedules that balance the capture of relevant ecological information against power and data storage limitations. Large data volumes of images from automated systems necessitate scalable and effective data processing. We describe computer vision approaches for the detection, tracking and classification of insects, including models built from existing aggregations of labelled insect images. Data from automated camera systems necessitate approaches that account for inherent biases. We advocate models that explicitly correct for bias in species occurrence or abundance estimates resulting from the imperfect detection of species or individuals present during sampling occasions. We propose ten priorities towards a step-change in automated monitoring of nocturnal insects, a vital task in the face of rapid biodiversity loss from global threats. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. B. Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - J. Alison
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T. A. August
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M. Bélisle
- Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF) et Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - K. Bjerge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. J. Bowden
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, PO Box 960, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada A2H 6J3
| | - M. J. Bunsen
- Mila – Québec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - F. Cunha
- Mila – Québec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0E9
- Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69080–900, Brazil
| | - Q. Geissmann
- Center For Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K. Goldmann
- The Alan Turing Institute, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - A. Gomez-Segura
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - A. Jain
- Mila – Québec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - C. Huijbers
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Larrivée
- Insectarium de Montreal, 4581 Sherbrooke Rue E, Montreal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - J. L. Lawson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - H. M. Mann
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M. J. Mazerolle
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - K. P. McFarland
- Vermont Centre for Ecostudies, 20 Palmer Court, White River Junction, VT 05001, USA
| | - L. Pasi
- Mila – Québec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0E9
- Ecole Polytechnique, Federale de Lausanne, Station 21, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Peters
- Faunabit, Strijkviertel 26 achter, 3454 Pm De Meern, The Netherlands
| | - N. Pinoy
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D. Rolnick
- Mila – Québec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0E9
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 0E99
| | - G. L. Skinner
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - O. T. Strickson
- The Alan Turing Institute, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - A. Svenning
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. Teagle
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - T. T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dong R, Dong BC, Fu QY, Yang Q, Dai ZC, Luo FL, Gao JQ, Yu FH, van Kleunen M. Cultivated alien plants with high invasion potential are more likely to be traded online in China. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2811. [PMID: 36708137 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have become a worldwide problem, and measures to efficiently prevent and control invasions are still in development. Like many other parts of the world, China is undergoing a dramatic increase in plant invasions. Most of the currently 933 established (i.e., naturalized) plant species, of which 214 are categorized as invasive, have been introduced into China for cultivation. It is likely that many of those species are still being traded, particularly online, by plant nurseries. However, studies assessing whether naturalized and invasive species are currently being traded more or less than nonnaturalized aliens are rare. We extracted online-trade information for 13,718 cultivated alien plant taxa on 1688.com, the largest website for domestic B2B in China. We analyzed how the presence in online-nursery catalogs, the number of online nurseries that offerred the species for sale, and the product type (i.e., seeds, live plants and vegetative organs) differed among nonnaturalized, naturalized noninvasive, and invasive species. Compared to nonnaturalized taxa, naturalized noninvasive and invasive taxa were 3.7-5.2 times more likely to be available for purchase. Naturalized noninvasive and invasive taxa were more frequently offered as seeds by online nurseries, whereas nonnaturalized taxa were more frequently offered as live plants. Based on these findings, we propose that, to reduce the further spread of invasive and potentially invasive plants, implementation of plant-trade regulations and a monitoring system of the online horticultural supply chain will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Fu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang-Li Luo
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Qin Gao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Tubby K, Forster J, Mullett M, Needham R, Smith O, Snowden J, McCartan S. Can the Seed Trade Provide a Potential Pathway for the Global Distribution of Foliar Pathogens? An Investigation into the Use of Heat Treatments to Reduce Risk of Dothistroma septosporum Transmission via Seed Stock. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1190. [PMID: 38132790 PMCID: PMC10744699 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The international plant trade results in the accidental movement of invasive pests and pathogens, and has contributed significantly to recent range expansion of pathogens including Dothistroma septosporum. Seeds are usually thought to present a lower biosecurity risk than plants, but the importation of Pinus contorta seeds from North America to Britain in the mid-1900s, and similarities between British and Canadian D. septosporum populations suggests seeds could be a pathway. Dothistroma septosporum has not been isolated from seeds, but inadequately cleaned seed material could contain infected needle fragments. This case study investigated whether cone kilning, and wet and dry heat treatments could reduce D. septosporum transmission without damaging seed viability. Pinus needles infected with D. septosporum were incubated alongside cones undergoing three commercial seed extraction processes. Additional needles were exposed to temperatures ranging from 10 to 67 °C dry heat for up to 48 h, or incubated in water heated to between 20 and 60 °C for up to one hour. Pinus sylvestris seeds were exposed to 60 and 65 dry heat °C for 48 h, and further seed samples incubated in water heated to between 20 and 60 °C for up to one hour. Dothistroma septosporum survived the three kilning processes and while seeds were not damaged by dry heat exceeding 63.5 °C, at this temperature no D. septosporum survived. Wet heat treatments resulted in less than 10% pathogen survival following incubation at 40 °C, while at this temperature the seeds suffered no significant impacts, even when submerged for one hour. Thus, commercial seed kilning could allow D. septosporum transmission, but elevated wet and dry heat treatments could be applied to seed stock to minimise pathogen risk without significantly damaging seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Tubby
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Jack Forster
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Martin Mullett
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Needham
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Olivia Smith
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - James Snowden
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shelagh McCartan
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
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Fenn‐Moltu G, Ollier S, Caton B, Liebhold AM, Nahrung H, Pureswaran DS, Turner RM, Yamanaka T, Bertelsmeier C. Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2721. [PMID: 36372556 PMCID: PMC10078186 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land, and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, USA, and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. In total, 8939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage, and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyda Fenn‐Moltu
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sébastien Ollier
- Department of Ecology, Systematics and EvolutionUniversity Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Barney Caton
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServicesPlant Protection and QuarantineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueSuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Helen Nahrung
- Forest Research InstituteUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Rebecca M. Turner
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute)ChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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5
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Sandvik H, Olsen SL, Töpper JP, Hilmo O. Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway: analyses of an exhaustive dataset to prioritise management efforts. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Sandvik
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
| | - Siri L. Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Oslo Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Ås Norway
| | | | - Olga Hilmo
- Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Trondheim Norway
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Manganelli G, Lesicki A, Benocci A, Barbato D, Miserocchi D, Pieńkowska JR, Giusti F. A small slug from a tropical greenhouse reveals a new rathouisiid lineage with triaulic tritrematic genitalia (Gastropoda: Systellommatophora). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A small slug found in the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum (MUSE) of Trento (Italy) turned out to be a species of the little-known systellommatophoran family Rathouisiidae. We undertook detailed comparative anatomical and molecular studies using specimens of the MUSE slug, Rathouisia sinensis, and sequences of other systellommatophoran species deposited in GenBank to conduct a systematic and phylogenetic assessment. Analysis of the genitalia of the MUSE slug and R. sinensis revealed an unusual triaulic tritrematic structure: two separate female ducts – one for egg release (oviduct), the other for intake of allosperm (vagina) – and a separate male duct for autosperm release. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of several mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) and nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS2 flanked by 5.8S and 28S rDNA fragments, H3) gene fragments supported assignation of the MUSE slug to Rathouisiidae, but also its distinction from the other rathouisiid genera Atopos, Granulilimax, Rathouisia and an undescribed genus from the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Therefore, we decided to describe the MUSE slug as a new species in a new genus: Barkeriella museensis gen. et sp. nov. The species is certainly an alien introduced into the tropical greenhouse of MUSE, but its origin is unknown and calls for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, Siena , Italy
| | - Andrzej Lesicki
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, Poznań , Poland
| | - Andrea Benocci
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici , Piazzetta S. Gigli, Siena , Italy
| | - Debora Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, Siena , Italy
| | | | - Joanna R Pieńkowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, Poznań , Poland
| | - Folco Giusti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, Siena , Italy
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Guo K, Pyšek P, Chytrý M, Divíšek J, Lososová Z, van Kleunen M, Pierce S, Guo W. Ruderals naturalize, competitors invade: varying roles of plant adaptive strategies along the invasion continuum. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University, Viničná 7 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Divíšek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou P. R. China
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10 Konstanz Germany
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA) University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2 Milan Italy
| | - Wen‐Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P. R. China
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8
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Turbelin AJ, Diagne C, Hudgins EJ, Moodley D, Kourantidou M, Novoa A, Haubrock PJ, Bernery C, Gozlan RE, Francis RA, Courchamp F. Introduction pathways of economically costly invasive alien species. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction pathways play a pivotal role in the success of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)—the subset of alien species that have a negative environmental and/or socio-economic impact. Pathways refer to the fundamental processes that leads to the introduction of a species from one geographical location to another—marking the beginning of all alien species invasions. Increased knowledge of pathways is essential to help reduce the number of introductions and impacts of IAS and ultimately improve their management. Here we use the InvaCost database, a comprehensive repository on the global monetary impacts of IAS, combined with pathway data classified using the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) hierarchical classification and compiled from CABI Invasive Species Compendium, the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) and the published literature to address five key points. Data were available for 478 individual IAS. For these, we found that both the total and annual average cost per species introduced through the ‘Stowaway’ (US$144.9bn; US$89.4m) and ‘Contaminant’ pathways (US$99.3bn; US$158.0m) were higher than species introduced primarily through the ‘Escape’ (US$87.4bn; US$25.4m) and ‘Release’ pathways (US$64.2bn; US$16.4m). Second, the recorded costs (both total and average) of species introduced unintentionally was higher than that from species introduced intentionally. Third, insects and mammals, respectively, accounted for the greatest proportion of the total cost of species introduced unintentionally and intentionally respectively, at least of the available records; ‘Stowaway’ had the highest recorded costs in Asia, Central America, North America and Diverse/Unspecified regions. Fourthly, the total cost of a species in a given location is not related to the year of first record of introduction, but time gaps might blur the true pattern. Finally, the total and average cost of IAS were not related to their number of introduction pathways. Although our findings are directly limited by the available data, they provide important material which can contribute to pathway priority measures, notably by complementing studies on pathways associated with ecologically harmful IAS. They also highlight the crucial need to fill the remaining data gaps—something that will be critical in prioritising limited management budgets to combat the current acceleration of species invasions.
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Asth MDS, Rodrigues RG, Zenni RD. Canals as invasion pathways in tropical dry forest and the need for monitoring and management. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus da Silva Asth
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de LavrasCampus Universitário Lavras MG Brazil
- Núcleo de Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoCampus Ciências Agrárias Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - Renato Garcia Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoCampus Ciências Agrárias Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - Rafael Dudeque Zenni
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de LavrasCampus Universitário Lavras MG Brazil
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10
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Riera M, Pino J, Melero Y. Impact of introduction pathways on the spread and geographical distribution of alien species: Implications for preventive management in mediterranean ecosystems. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Riera
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications) Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications) Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Yolanda Melero
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications) Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
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11
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Arianoutsou M, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Kokkoris Y, Zikos A, Zervou S, Delipetrou P, Cardoso AC, Deriu I, Gervasini E, Tsiamis K. Alien plants of Europe: introduction pathways, gateways and time trends. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11270. [PMID: 34141463 PMCID: PMC8176916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) pathways classification framework used in the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species (IAS Regulation) has recently been adopted by the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the official information system supporting the implementation of the IAS Regulation. In the current paper, the result of an alignment of the primary introduction pathways of all alien plants in Europe included in the EASIN catalogue is presented, based on the CBD framework. In total, 6,250 alien plant taxa (marine plants excluded), both alien to Europe (native range outside Europe) and alien in Europe (native range partially in Europe) are reported. Altogether 5,175 plant taxa had their primary introduction pathway aligned based on the CBD framework, while for the rest the pathway remains unknown. In addition, the taxonomy, year and country of its first record in the wild are provided for each taxon. Our analyses reveal that the main primary introduction pathways of alien plants into Europe are linked to accidental escapes from ornamental and horticultural activities. Northwestern European countries seem to act as the main gateway areas of alien plants into Europe. Recent first observations of new alien taxa growing spontaneously exhibit a contemporary accelerating trend for plants alien to Europe, particularly linked to ornamental and horticultural activities. On the other hand, the number of new plants alien in Europe seems to have stabilized over the last few decades. The present work can assist in the prioritization of introduction pathways control, with the target of slowing down the rate of alien plants introductions into Europe, following also the requirements of the IAS Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Arianoutsou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bazos
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Christopoulou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute for the Study, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Toruń, Poland
| | - Yannis Kokkoris
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Zikos
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Delipetrou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Botany, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ivan Deriu
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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From the Andes to the Apennines: Rise and Fall of a Free-Ranging Population of Feral Llamas. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030857. [PMID: 33803497 PMCID: PMC8003056 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Domestic mammals may become invasive alien species when introduced within natural environments and when they establish reproductive populations. One of the most common pathways of species introduction is represented by intentional or accidental escapes from confined environments, including zoos, farms and enclosures. A feral population of llama Lama glama has been present in Central Italy since 2016 after escaping from a zoological garden. In 2020, only three individuals were confirmed to be still present within a 40-hectare area, following a field survey. We carried out questionnaires with the resident human population to determine the local perception and the acceptance of two possible management actions, i.e., direct killing and surgical sterilization. Llamas are quite docile domestic animals, thus local perception was, in general, very positive and also linked to the exotic origin of the species, making llamas a welcome observation and a pleasant surprise. The observed decline of this population may be due to predation by wolves and poaching, together with the lack of suitability of natural environment, which may have prevented llamas establishing an invasive population. In this context, however, individual removal action should be conducted before the population shows a demographic rebound. Abstract Since 2016, a feral population of llama Lama glama has been present in Central Italy after escaping from a zoological garden and starting to reproduce. We updated demographic status and distribution of this population and investigated societal perception towards the llama presence and management in the area through a standard questionnaire. Field data were collected through direct (transects traveled by car and on foot) and indirect (newspapers, social networks and online platforms) research. The feral population appears to be declining. In July 2020, the population was represented by three individuals (one male and two females), identified also through photoidentification, most likely located within a 40-hectare area. The majority of citizens are aware of the presence of feral llamas and show a positive attitude toward them and a negative one toward management actions. The case of feral llamas in Italy is an evident example of unsafe management of a species which should have kept in a zoo and which, once set free, was able to catalyze the attention of the general public. The decline of this population limits the need of drastic management actions that, given the appreciation expressed by people and press toward these animals, would have been at risk of conflict with the public opinion. Removal action should be rapidly taken, i.e., before any demographic rebound and before the population becomes a stable feature of the local landscape.
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McGrannachan CM, Pagad S, McGeoch MA. A multiregional assessment of transnational pathways of introduction. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.64.60642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Information on the pathways by which alien taxa are introduced to new regions is vital for prioritising policy and management responses to invasions. However, available datasets are often compiled using disparate methods, making comparison and collation of pathway data difficult. Using a standardised framework for recording and categorising pathway data can help to rectify this problem and provide the information necessary to develop indicators for reporting on alien introductions. We combine the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Pathways Categorisation Scheme (CPC) with data compiled by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) to report on multiregional trends on alien introduction pathways over the past 200+ years. We found a significant increase in the documented number of multiregional alien introduction events across all pathways of the CPC’s three hierarchical levels. The ‘escape’ pathway is the most common documented pathway used by alien taxa. Transport stowaways via shipping-related pathways are a rapidly increasing contribution to alien introductions. Most alien introduction events were of unknown pathway origin, highlighting the challenge of information gaps in pathway data and reiterating the need for standardised information-gathering practices. Combining the CPC framework with alien introduction pathways data will standardise pathway information and facilitate the development of global indicators of trends in alien introductions and the pathways they use. These indicators have the potential to inform policy and management strategies for preventing future biological invasions and can be downscaled to national and regional levels that are applicable across taxa and ecosystems.
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Plant invasion as an emerging challenge for the conservation of heritage sites: the spread of ornamental trees on ancient monuments in Rome, Italy. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCultural heritage sites such as historical or sacred areas provide suitable habitats for plants and play an important role in nature conservation, particularly in human-modified contexts such as urban environments. However, such sites also provide opportunities for the spread of invasive species, whose impact on monuments has been raising growing concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of distribution and spread of invasive plants in heritage areas, taking the city of Rome as an example. We focused on woody species as they pose the greatest threat to the conservation of monuments, owing to the detrimental effects of their root system. We analysed changes in the diversity and traits of native and non-native flora growing on the walls of 26 ancient sites that have been surveyed repeatedly since the 1940s. We found that the diversity of the native flora has steadily decreased, while there has been an increase in non-native, larger and more damaging species. The introduced species that have expanded most are ornamental wind- or bird-dispersed trees, which represent a major management problem as their propagules can reach the upper sections of the monuments, where they become more difficult to control. The most widespread and damaging of such species is Ailanthus altissima, which has recently been included among the invasive species of European Union concern (EU Regulation 2019/1262). Our findings show that plant invasion is an emerging challenge for the conservation of heritage sites and needs to be prioritized for management to prevent future expansion.
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Kumschick S, Bacher S, Bertolino S, Blackburn TM, Evans T, Roy HE, Smith K. Appropriate uses of EICAT protocol, data and classifications. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.51574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) can be used to classify alien taxa according to the magnitude and type of their environmental impacts. The EICAT protocol, classifications of alien taxa using the protocol (EICAT classification) and the data underpinning classifications (EICAT data) are increasingly used by scientists and practitioners such as governments, NGOs and civil society for a variety of purposes. However, the properties of the EICAT protocol and the data it generates are not suitable for certain uses. Therefore, we present guidelines designed to clarify and facilitate the appropriate use of EICAT to tackle a broad range of conservation issues related to biological invasions, as well as to guide research and communication more generally. Here we address common misconceptions and give a brief overview of some key issues that all EICAT users need to be aware of to take maximal advantage of this resource. Furthermore, we give examples of the wide variety of ways in which the EICAT protocol, classifications and data can be and have been utilised and outline common errors and pitfalls to avoid.
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Pyšek P, Bacher S, Kühn I, Novoa A, Catford JA, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Blackburn TM. MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroecology is the study of patterns, and the processes that determine those patterns, in the distribution and abundance of organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds of kilometres to global), temporal (from decades to centuries), and organismal (numbers of species or higher taxa). In the context of invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example, analyses of the richness, diversity, distribution, and abundance of alien species in regional floras and faunas, spatio-temporal dynamics of alien species across regions, and cross-taxonomic analyses of species traits among comparable native and alien species pools. However, macroecological studies aiming to explain and predict plant and animal naturalisations and invasions, and the resulting impacts, have, to date, rarely considered the joint effects of species traits, environment, and socioeconomic characteristics. To address this, we present the MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA). The MAFIA explains the invasion phenomenon using three interacting classes of factors – alien species traits, location characteristics, and factors related to introduction events – and explicitly maps these interactions onto the invasion sequence from transport to naturalisation to invasion. The framework therefore helps both to identify how anthropogenic effects interact with species traits and environmental characteristics to determine observed patterns in alien distribution, abundance, and richness; and to clarify why neglecting anthropogenic effects can generate spurious conclusions. Event-related factors include propagule pressure, colonisation pressure, and residence time that are important for mediating the outcome of invasion processes. However, because of context dependence, they can bias analyses, for example those that seek to elucidate the role of alien species traits. In the same vein, failure to recognise and explicitly incorporate interactions among the main factors impedes our understanding of which macroecological invasion patterns are shaped by the environment, and of the importance of interactions between the species and their environment. The MAFIA is based largely on insights from studies of plants and birds, but we believe it can be applied to all taxa, and hope that it will stimulate comparative research on other groups and environments. By making the biases in macroecological analyses of biological invasions explicit, the MAFIA offers an opportunity to guide assessments of the context dependence of invasions at broad geographical scales.
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Faulkner KT, Hulme PE, Pagad S, Wilson JRU, Robertson MP. Classifying the introduction pathways of alien species: are we moving in the right direction? NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.53543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alien species are introduced to new regions in many different ways and for different purposes. A number of frameworks have been developed to group such pathways of introduction into discrete categories in order to improve our understanding of biological invasions, provide information for interventions that aim to prevent introductions, enable reporting to national and international organisations and facilitate the prediction of threats. The introduction pathway classification framework proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as a global standard is comprised of six main categories and 44 sub-categories. However, issues have arisen with its implementation. In this position paper, we outline five desirable properties of an introduction pathway classification framework – it should be compatible (i.e. the level of detail of the categories is similar to that of the available data), actionable (i.e. categories link to specific interventions), general (i.e. categories are applicable across the contexts that are of interest (e.g. taxa, habitats and regions)), equivalent (i.e. categories are equivalent in their level of detail) and distinct (i.e. categories are discrete and easily distinguished) – termed the CAGED properties. The six main categories of the CBD framework have all of the CAGED properties, but the detailed sub-categories have few. Therefore, while the framework has been proposed by the CBD as a global standard and efforts have been made to put it into practice, we argue that there is room for improvement. We conclude by presenting scenarios for how the issues identified could be addressed, noting that a hybrid model might be most appropriate.
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Pergl J, Brundu G, Harrower CA, Cardoso AC, Genovesi P, Katsanevakis S, Lozano V, Perglová I, Rabitsch W, Richards G, Roques A, Rorke SL, Scalera R, Schönrogge K, Stewart A, Tricarico E, Tsiamis K, Vannini A, Vilà M, Zenetos A, Roy HE. Applying the Convention on Biological Diversity Pathway Classification to alien species in Europe. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.53796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of alien species arriving within new regions has increased at unprecedented rates. Managing the pathways through which alien species arrive and spread is important to reduce the threat of biological invasions. Harmonising information on pathways across individual sectors and user groups is therefore critical to underpin policy and action. The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) has been developed to easily facilitate open access to data of alien species in Europe. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Pathway Classification framework has become a global standard for the classification of pathways. We followed a structured approach to assign pathway information within EASIN for a subset of alien species in Europe, which covered 4169 species, spanning taxonomic groups and environments. We document constraints and challenges associated with implementing the CBD Pathway Classification framework and propose potential amendments to increase clarity. This study is unique in the scope of taxonomic coverage and also in the inclusion of primary (independent introductions to Europe) and secondary (means of dispersal for species expansion within Europe, after their initial introduction) modes of introduction. In addition, we summarise the patterns of introduction pathways within this subset of alien species within the context of Europe.
Based on the analyses, we confirm that the CBD Pathway Classification framework offers a robust, hierarchical system suitable for the classification of alien species introduction and spread across a wide range of taxonomic groups and environments. However, simple modifications could improve interpretation of the pathway categories ensuring consistent application across databases and information systems at local, national, regional, continental and global scales. Improving consistency would also help in the development of pathway action plans, as required by EU legislation.
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Lenzner B, Latombe G, Capinha C, Bellard C, Courchamp F, Diagne C, Dullinger S, Golivets M, Irl SDH, Kühn I, Leung B, Liu C, Moser D, Roura-Pascual N, Seebens H, Turbelin A, Weigelt P, Essl F. What Will the Future Bring for Biological Invasions on Islands? An Expert-Based Assessment. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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20
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Essl F, Lenzner B, Bacher S, Bailey S, Capinha C, Daehler C, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hui C, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Leung B, Liebhold A, Liu C, MacIsaac HJ, Meyerson LA, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Roy HE, Ruiz GM, Russell JC, Sanders NJ, Sax DF, Scalera R, Seebens H, Springborn M, Turbelin A, van Kleunen M, von Holle B, Winter M, Zenni RD, Mattsson BJ, Roura‐Pascual N. Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert-based assessment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4880-4893. [PMID: 32663906 PMCID: PMC7496498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given the multiple relevant environmental, socio-economic and societal contexts and drivers. In the absence of quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are the best option for assessing future invasion trajectories. Here, we present an expert assessment of the drivers of potential alien species impacts under contrasting scenarios and socioecological contexts through the mid-21st century. Based on responses from 36 experts in biological invasions, moderate (20%-30%) increases in invasions, compared to the current conditions, are expected to cause major impacts on biodiversity in most socioecological contexts. Three main drivers of biological invasions-transport, climate change and socio-economic change-were predicted to significantly affect future impacts of alien species on biodiversity even under a best-case scenario. Other drivers (e.g. human demography and migration in tropical and subtropical regions) were also of high importance in specific global contexts (e.g. for individual taxonomic groups or biomes). We show that some best-case scenarios can substantially reduce potential future impacts of biological invasions. However, rapid and comprehensive actions are necessary to use this potential and achieve the goals of the Post-2020 Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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21
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Pyšek P, Hulme PE, Simberloff D, Bacher S, Blackburn TM, Carlton JT, Dawson W, Essl F, Foxcroft LC, Genovesi P, Jeschke JM, Kühn I, Liebhold AM, Mandrak NE, Meyerson LA, Pauchard A, Pergl J, Roy HE, Seebens H, van Kleunen M, Vilà M, Wingfield MJ, Richardson DM. Scientists' warning on invasive alien species. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1511-1534. [PMID: 32588508 PMCID: PMC7687187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and facilitating new ones, thereby escalating the extent and impacts of invaders. Invasions have complex and often immense long‐term direct and indirect impacts. In many cases, such impacts become apparent or problematic only when invaders are well established and have large ranges. Invasive alien species break down biogeographic realms, affect native species richness and abundance, increase the risk of native species extinction, affect the genetic composition of native populations, change native animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, and modify trophic networks. Many invasive alien species also change ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services by altering nutrient and contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes. These biodiversity and ecosystem impacts are accelerating and will increase further in the future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these strategies are often insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia and New Zealand, biosecurity has become a national priority. There have been long‐term successes, such as eradication of rats and cats on increasingly large islands and biological control of weeds across continental areas. However, in many countries, invasions receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial to reduce the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their biosecurity regulations to implement and enforce more effective management strategies that should also address other global changes that interact with invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Dan Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - James T Carlton
- Maritime Studies Program, Williams College - Mystic Seaport, 75 Greenmanville, Mystic, CT, 06355, U.S.A
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Franz Essl
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Llewellyn C Foxcroft
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany.,Geobotany & Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle, 06108, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- US Forest Service Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, CZ-165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nicholas E Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, U.S.A
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Helen E Roy
- U.K. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Constance, 78457, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avd. Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.,Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Economic use of plants is key to their naturalization success. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3201. [PMID: 32581263 PMCID: PMC7314777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans cultivate thousands of economic plants (i.e. plants with economic value) outside their native ranges. To analyze how this contributes to naturalization success, we combine global databases on economic uses and naturalization success of the world’s seed plants. Here we show that naturalization likelihood is 18 times higher for economic than non-economic plants. Naturalization success is highest for plants grown as animal food or for environmental uses (e.g. ornamentals), and increases with number of uses. Taxa from the Northern Hemisphere are disproportionately over-represented among economic plants, and economic plants from Asia have the greatest naturalization success. In regional naturalized floras, the percentage of economic plants exceeds the global percentage and increases towards the equator. Phylogenetic patterns in the naturalized flora partly result from phylogenetic patterns in the plants we cultivate. Our study illustrates that accounting for the intentional introduction of economic plants is key to unravelling drivers of plant naturalization. Understanding why certain alien species become naturalized can shed light on biological invasion patterns. In this global analysis on thousands of taxa, van Kleunen and colleagues show that plant species of economic use are more likely to become naturalized, and that this underlies geographic patterns and phylogenetic signals in naturalization
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Faulkner KT, Robertson MP, Wilson JRU. Stronger regional biosecurity is essential to prevent hundreds of harmful biological invasions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2449-2462. [PMID: 31957142 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions often transcend political boundaries, but the capacity of countries to prevent invasions varies. How this variation in biosecurity affects the invasion risks posed to the countries involved is unclear. We aimed to improve the understanding of how the biosecurity of a country influences that of its neighbours. We developed six scenarios that describe biological invasions in regions with contiguous countries. Using data from alien species databases, socio-economic and biodiversity data and species distribution models, we determined where 86 of 100 of the world's worst invasive species are likely to invade and have a negative impact in the future. Information on the capacity of countries to prevent invasions was used to determine whether such invasions could be avoided. For the selected species, we predicted 2,523 discrete invasions, most of which would have significant negative impacts and are unlikely to be prevented. Of these invasions, approximately a third were predicted to spread from the country in which the species first establishes to neighbouring countries where they would cause significant negative impacts. Most of these invasions are unlikely to be prevented as the country of first establishment has a low capacity to prevent invasions or has little incentive to do so as there will be no impact in that country. Regional biosecurity is therefore essential to prevent future harmful biological invasions. In consequence, we propose that the need for increased regional co-operation to combat biological invasions be incorporated in global biodiversity targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Faulkner
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Mark P Robertson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John R U Wilson
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Novoa A, Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Bacher S, Canavan S, Catford JA, Čuda J, Essl F, Foxcroft LC, Genovesi P, Hirsch H, Hui C, Jackson MC, Kueffer C, Le Roux JJ, Measey J, Mohanty NP, Moodley D, Müller-Schärer H, Packer JG, Pergl J, Robinson TB, Saul WC, Shackleton RT, Visser V, Weyl OLF, Yannelli FA, Wilson JRU. Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOur ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena.
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Petřík P, Sádlo J, Hejda M, Štajerová K, Pyšek P, Pergl J. Composition patterns of ornamental flora in the Czech Republic. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.52.39260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ornamental plants are an important component of urban floras and a significant source of alien plant invasions to the surrounding landscapes. We studied ornamental flora across 174 settlements in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The aims of the study were to (i) identify clusters of sites that are defined as distinctive groups of ornamental taxa reflecting environmental or socioeconomic factors and (ii) apply the classification approach which is traditionally used for spontaneous vegetation in order to evaluate the potential of different settlement types to act as source sites of invasive species. The inventories were classified in a similar manner that is generally applied to spontaneous vegetation using the COCKTAIL method. Diagnostic taxa were classified in a repeatable manner into 17 species groups, forming five distinctive clusters with ~70% of sites attributed to one cluster. The species pools of the clusters differed in their representation of species with native or alien status and different life forms. The following clusters were distinguished, based on the prevailing type of settlement: (1) old villas neighbourhoods of towns, (2) upland settlements, (3) modern neighbourhoods, (4) old rustic settlements and (5) modern rustic settlements. Similar to spontaneous vegetation, the classification of ornamental flora reflects both basic natural gradients (i.e. altitude) and man-made factors (i.e. the preferences for certain plants and associated management practices). Alien taxa associated with modern neighbourhoods are characterised by a relatively higher invasion potential than those from, for example, old rustic settlements. This is especially true for woody species which can spread in ruderal habitats as a result of urban sprawl. Our results showed that the classification method, commonly used to analyse vegetation data, can also be applied to ornamental flora.
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Verbrugge LNH, de Hoop L, Aukema R, Beringen R, Creemers RCM, van Duinen GA, Hollander H, de Hullu E, Scherpenisse M, Spikmans F, van Turnhout CAM, Wijnhoven S, Leuven RSEW. Lessons learned from rapid environmental risk assessments for prioritization of alien species using expert panels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109405. [PMID: 31454639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Limiting the spread and impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on biodiversity and ecosystems has become a goal of global, regional and national biodiversity policies. Evidence based management of IAS requires support by risk assessments, which are often based on expert judgment. We developed a tool to prioritize potentially new IAS based on their ecological risks, socio-economic impact and feasibility of management using multidisciplinary expert panels. Nine expert panels reviewed scientific studies, grey literature and expert knowledge for 152 species. The quality assessment of available knowledge revealed a lack of peer-reviewed data and high dependency on best professional judgments, especially for impacts on ecosystem services and feasibility of management. Expert consultation is crucial for conducting and validating rapid assessments of alien species. There is still a lack of attention for systematic and methodologically sound assessment of impacts on ecosystem services and weighting negative and positive effects of alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N H Verbrugge
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) and Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Radboud University, Institute for Science in Society, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - L de Hoop
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Fauna Management Unit Limburg, P.O. Box 960, 6040 AZ, Roermond, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - R Aukema
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Bureau Natuurbalans-Limes Divergens, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - R Beringen
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Plant Conservation Netherlands (FLORON), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - R C M Creemers
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands RAVON, P.O. Box 1413, 6501 BK, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - G A van Duinen
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Bargerveen Foundation, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - H Hollander
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Dutch Mammal Society, P.O. Box 6531, 6503 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Arcadis, P.O. Box 1018, 5200 BA 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands.
| | - E de Hullu
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Bargerveen Foundation, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - M Scherpenisse
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Bureau Natuurbalans-Limes Divergens, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - F Spikmans
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation Netherlands RAVON, P.O. Box 1413, 6501 BK, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - C A M van Turnhout
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, P.O. Box 6521, 6503 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Wijnhoven
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Ecoauthor, Scientific Writing & Ecological Expertise, Leeuwerikhof 16, 4451 CW, Heinkenszand, the Netherlands.
| | - R S E W Leuven
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Gippet JM, Liebhold AM, Fenn-Moltu G, Bertelsmeier C. Human-mediated dispersal in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:96-102. [PMID: 31479895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Central to the problem of biological invasions, human activities introduce species beyond their native ranges and participate in their subsequent spread. Understanding human-mediated dispersal is therefore crucial for both predicting and preventing invasions. Here, we show that decomposing human-mediated dispersal into three temporal phases: departure, transport and arrival, allows to understand how the characteristics of human activities and the biological traits of species influence each phase of the dispersal process, and ultimately govern invasion pathways in insects. Integrating these precise mechanisms into future invasion models should increase their realism and generalization for any potential insect invader. Moreover, understanding these mechanisms can provide insight into why some invasive insects are more widely distributed than others, and to estimate risks posed by species that have not yet been introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mw Gippet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- US Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Gyda Fenn-Moltu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Padayachee AL, Procheş Ş, Wilson JRU. Prioritising potential incursions for contingency planning: pathways, species, and sites in Durban (eThekwini), South Africa as an example. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.47.31959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased trade and travel have resulted in an increasing rate of introduction of biological organisms to new regions. Urban environments, such as cities, are hubs for human activities facilitating the introduction of alien species. Additionally, cities are susceptible to invading organisms as a result of the highly altered and transformed nature of these environments. Despite best efforts at prevention, new incursions of alien species will occur; therefore, prioritising incursion response efforts is essential. This study explores these ideas to identify priorities for strategic prevention planning in a South African city, Durban (eThekwini), by combining data from alien species watch lists, environmental criteria, and the pathways which facilitate the introduction of alien species in the city. Three species (with known adverse impacts elsewhere in the world) were identified as highly likely to be introduced and established in Durban (Alternantheraphiloxeroides,LithobatescatesbeianusandSolenopsisinvicta). These species are most likely to enter at either the Durban Harbour; pet and aquarium stores; or plant nurseries and garden centres – therefore active surveillance should target these sites as well as adjacent major river systems and infrastructure. We suggest that the integrated approach (species, pathways, and sites) demonstrated in this study will help prioritise resources to detect the most likely and damaging future incursions of alien species.
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Dodaro G, Battisti C, Campedelli T, Fanelli G, Monaco A. Unsafe management of a zoological garden as a cause of introduction of an alien species into the wild: First documented case of feral naturalized population of Lama glama in Europe. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roy HE, Bacher S, Essl F, Adriaens T, Aldridge DC, Bishop JDD, Blackburn TM, Branquart E, Brodie J, Carboneras C, Cottier-Cook EJ, Copp GH, Dean HJ, Eilenberg J, Gallardo B, Garcia M, García‐Berthou E, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Kenis M, Kerckhof F, Kettunen M, Minchin D, Nentwig W, Nieto A, Pergl J, Pescott OL, M. Peyton J, Preda C, Roques A, Rorke SL, Scalera R, Schindler S, Schönrogge K, Sewell J, Solarz W, Stewart AJA, Tricarico E, Vanderhoeven S, van der Velde G, Vilà M, Wood CA, Zenetos A, Rabitsch W. Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1032-1048. [PMID: 30548757 PMCID: PMC7380041 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2-day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franz Essl
- Environment Agency AustriaViennaAustria
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape EcologyUniversity ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Tim M. Blackburn
- University College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Carles Carboneras
- Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsThe LodgeSandyBedfordshireUK
| | | | - Gordon H. Copp
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceLowestoftUK
- Centre for Conservation EcologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | | | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist GroupRomeItaly
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - Francis Kerckhof
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)OostendeBelgium
| | | | - Dan Minchin
- Marine Organism InvestigationsMarina Village, Ballina, KillaloeCo ClareIreland
| | | | | | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Alain Roques
- Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueZoologie Forestière, UR 0633Ardon Orleans Cedex 2France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack Sewell
- The LaboratoryThe Marine Biological AssociationPlymouthUK
| | - Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | | | | | | | - Gerard van der Velde
- Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E)NijmegenThe Netherlands
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Yatsenko IO, Vinogradova YK. Invasive Activity of Woody Plants in Tsytsyn Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2075111719010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohanty NP, Measey J. Reconstructing biological invasions using public surveys: a new approach to retrospectively assess spatio-temporal changes in invasive spread. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yazlık A, Pergl J, Pyšek P. Impact of alien plants in Turkey assessed by the Generic Impact Scoring System. NEOBIOTA 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.39.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the impact categorizations of 51 alien plant species in Turkey, which were determined using the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS). The evidence on environmental and socioeconomic impacts of these alien species was searched in literature. Impacts were classified into 12 categories (six for environmental and six for socioeconomic) and, within each category, the impact was assessed on a six degree scale. Environmental impacts were recorded for 80% of the species and mostly concern ecosystem processes (changes in nutrient or water availability and disturbance regimes), while socioeconomic impacts, identified for 78% of the species assessed, are typically associated with agricultural production or human health. Summed scores of individual species across categories of environmental and socioeconomic impacts were not significantly correlated. By taking into account the actual distribution of the assessed species, we evaluated the regional distribution of (potential) impacts in Turkey. The Black Sea region harbours the highest number of species with impacts (34 species, i.e. 67% of the total assessed for the whole country), 28 species were recorded in the Marmara, 21 in the Mediterranean, 17 in the Aegean and 12 in each of the South East Anatolia, Central Anatolia and East Anatolia regions. The species that have negative impact on forestry are only found in three regions. Altogether 21 species are agricultural weeds, but we only found evidence of a minor socioeconomic impact for some of them. Determining the impacts based on specific criteria (i) provides basis for objective risk assessment of plant invasions in Turkey, (ii) can be taken as early warning to combat these plants and (iii) contributes to the growing body of evidence of the impacts of alien plant species.
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van Kleunen M, Essl F, Pergl J, Brundu G, Carboni M, Dullinger S, Early R, González-Moreno P, Groom QJ, Hulme PE, Kueffer C, Kühn I, Máguas C, Maurel N, Novoa A, Parepa M, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Tanner R, Touza J, Verbrugge L, Weber E, Dawson W, Kreft H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Klonner G, Talluto MV, Dehnen-Schmutz K. The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1421-1437. [PMID: 29504240 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview of the historical, contemporary and potential future roles of ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. We show that currently at least 75% and 93% of the global naturalised alien flora is grown in domestic and botanical gardens, respectively. Species grown in gardens also have a larger naturalised range than those that are not. After the Middle Ages, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a global trade network in plants emerged. Since then, cultivated alien species also started to appear in the wild more frequently than non-cultivated aliens globally, particularly during the 19th century. Horticulture still plays a prominent role in current plant introduction, and the monetary value of live-plant imports in different parts of the world is steadily increasing. Historically, botanical gardens - an important component of horticulture - played a major role in displaying, cultivating and distributing new plant discoveries. While the role of botanical gardens in the horticultural supply chain has declined, they are still a significant link, with one-third of institutions involved in retail-plant sales and horticultural research. However, botanical gardens have also become more dependent on commercial nurseries as plant sources, particularly in North America. Plants selected for ornamental purposes are not a random selection of the global flora, and some of the plant characteristics promoted through horticulture, such as fast growth, also promote invasion. Efforts to breed non-invasive plant cultivars are still rare. Socio-economical, technological, and environmental changes will lead to novel patterns of plant introductions and invasion opportunities for the species that are already cultivated. We describe the role that horticulture could play in mediating these changes. We identify current research challenges, and call for more research efforts on the past and current role of horticulture in plant invasions. This is required to develop science-based regulatory frameworks to prevent further plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.,Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Carboni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, U.K
| | | | - Quentin J Groom
- Botanical Garden Meise, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, 7648, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ana Novoa
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag x7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rob Tanner
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011, Paris, France
| | - Julia Touza
- Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5NG, York, U.K
| | - Laura Verbrugge
- Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald Weber
- Biodiversity Research, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, U.K
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Kühn I, Pyšek P, Kowarik I. Seven years of NeoBiota – the times, were they a changin’? NEOBIOTA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.36.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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