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Generalov E, Dyukina A, Shemyakov A, Mytsin G, Agapov A, Kritskaya K, Kosenkov A, Gaidin S, Maiorov S, Generalova L, Laryushkin D. Polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. as a potential radioprotector. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150442. [PMID: 39053103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioprotectors help to protect the body or at least minimize the negative consequences of radiation exposure. The present study aimed to assess the radioprotective potential of Helianthus tuberosus L. polysaccharide (HTLP) in vitality and micronuclei tests. To assess the cytotoxic effects of HTLP, both vitality and MTT reductase assays were conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells viability was assessed 24 h after adding 200 μg/ml HTLP solution by staining cell cultures with propidium iodide and bis-benzimide to detect the nuclei of dead cells and the total number of cells in culture. To assess cell viability via cellular metabolic activity MTT test was used. In this work outbred 24-30 g 5-months old SHK mice have been used. Irradiation was provided with proton beams with an energy of 660 MeV at a dose rate of 80 Gy with doses 1.5 Gy for micronuclei test and 8.5 Gy for survival test. Whole body X-ray irradiation was conducted using the RUT-15 therapeutic X-ray unit with doses of 1.5 Gy for MN test and 6.5 Gy for survival. The HTLP sterile solution in dose 100 μg/animal was injected into the tail vein 15 min before X-ray or proton irradiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION s: Vitality test showed no significant differences between the control group and cells treated with 200 μl of 200 μg/ml HTLP solution, though a greater variability was noted. In contrast, the MTT assay indicated enhanced cell viability in the HTLP-treated cells. HTLP does not exert any toxic effects in cell culture. Moreover, results of MTT reductase assay shows, that HTLP may enhance the cells' metabolic activity. Animals pre-treated with HTLP displayed a significant reduction in micronuclei formation, showing five times fewer micronuclei in bone marrow cells compared to the non-treated group. This comparison highlights HTLP's potential protective effect against radiation-induced chromosomal damage. HTLP treatment demonstrates a significant reduction in hazard compared to the control, indicating its protective effects against irradiation. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of HTLP increases the likelihood of animal survival under the ionizing effects of X-rays and protons. The survival analysis reveals that the HTLP-treated groups exhibit a higher survival rate compared to both the control and Cysteamine-treated groups, suggesting a significant protective effect of HTLP against irradiation, regardless of the type of irradiation (proton or X-ray) with p < 0.0001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Generalov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alsu Dyukina
- Department of Radiobiogy, Institute of theoretical and experimental biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (ITEB RAS), Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander Shemyakov
- Branch «Physical-technical center» of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PTC LPI RAS), Russian Federation.
| | - Gennady Mytsin
- Department of Nuclear Problems named after V. P. Dzhelepov, International Intergovermental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Agapov
- Department of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Russian Federation.
| | - Kristina Kritskaya
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
| | - Artem Kosenkov
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei Gaidin
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei Maiorov
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
| | - Liubov Generalova
- Department of infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Denis Laryushkin
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
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Zumbardo-Bacelis GA, Peponi L, Vargas-Coronado RF, Rodríguez-Velázquez E, Alatorre-Meda M, Chevallier P, Copes F, Mantovani D, Abraham GA, Cauich-Rodríguez JV. A Comparison of Three-Layer and Single-Layer Small Vascular Grafts Manufactured via the Roto-Evaporation Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1314. [PMID: 38794507 PMCID: PMC11125268 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used the roto-evaporation technique to engineer a 6 mm three-layer polyurethane vascular graft (TVG) that mimics the architecture of human coronary artery native vessels. Two segmented polyurethanes were synthesized using lysine (SPUUK) and ascorbic acid (SPUAA), and the resulting materials were used to create the intima and adventitia layers, respectively. In contrast, the media layer of the TVG was composed of a commercially available polyurethane, Pearlbond 703 EXP. For comparison purposes, single-layer vascular grafts (SVGs) from individual polyurethanes and a polyurethane blend (MVG) were made and tested similarly and evaluated according to the ISO 7198 standard. The TVG exhibited the highest circumferential tensile strength and longitudinal forces compared to single-layer vascular grafts of lower thicknesses made from the same polyurethanes. The TVG also showed higher suture and burst strength values than native vessels. The TVG withstood up to 2087 ± 139 mmHg and exhibited a compliance of 0.15 ± 0.1%/100 mmHg, while SPUUK SVGs showed a compliance of 5.21 ± 1.29%/100 mmHg, akin to coronary arteries but superior to the saphenous vein. An indirect cytocompatibility test using the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed 90 to 100% viability for all polyurethanes, surpassing the minimum 70% threshold needed for biomaterials deemed cytocompatibility. Despite the non-cytotoxic nature of the polyurethane extracts when grown directly on the surface, they displayed poor fibroblast adhesion, except for SPUUK. All vascular grafts showed hemolysis values under the permissible limit of 5% and longer coagulation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gualberto Antonio Zumbardo-Bacelis
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
| | - Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alatorre-Meda
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CONAHCYT-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico;
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Gustavo A. Abraham
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET). Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7606BWV, Argentina
| | - Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
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Zhao J, Wei F, Liu H, Qin R, Yang X. Two aromatic acid derivatives and a xanthone from Hypericum hengshanense. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1537-1544. [PMID: 36519675 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed compounds including two aromatic acid derivatives (1-2), and one xanthone (3), together with ten known compounds (4-13) were isolated from the aerial part of Hypericum hengshanense. The planar structures of three new compounds were established by 1 D and 2 D NMR and MS data. And the absolute configurations of compounds 1-2 were determined by the quantum chemical ECD calculations. Compounds 1-2 showed weak cytotoxicity against Hep-2 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 65.1 ± 2.7 and 78.0 ± 1.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
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Mikheeva AM, Bogomolov MA, Gasca VA, Sementsov MV, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Lebedev TD. Improving the power of drug toxicity measurements by quantitative nuclei imaging. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:181. [PMID: 38637526 PMCID: PMC11026393 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging-based anticancer drug screens are becoming more prevalent due to development of automated fluorescent microscopes and imaging stations, as well as rapid advancements in image processing software. Automated cell imaging provides many benefits such as their ability to provide high-content data, modularity, dynamics recording and the fact that imaging is the most direct way to access cell viability and cell proliferation. However, currently most publicly available large-scale anticancer drugs screens, such as GDSC, CTRP and NCI-60, provide cell viability data measured by assays based on colorimetric or luminometric measurements of NADH or ATP levels. Although such datasets provide valuable data, it is unclear how well drug toxicity measurements can be integrated with imaging data. Here we explored the relations between drug toxicity data obtained by XTT assay, two quantitative nuclei imaging methods and trypan blue dye exclusion assay using a set of four cancer cell lines with different morphologies and 30 drugs with different mechanisms of action. We show that imaging-based approaches provide high accuracy and the differences between results obtained by different methods highly depend on drug mechanism of action. Selecting AUC metrics over IC50 or comparing data where significantly drugs reduced cell numbers noticeably improves consistency between methods. Using automated cell segmentation protocols we analyzed mitochondria activity in more than 11 thousand drug-treated cells and showed that XTT assay produces unreliable data for CDK4/6, Aurora A, VEGFR and PARP inhibitors due induced cell size growth and increase in individual mitochondria activity. We also explored several benefits of image-based analysis such as ability to monitor cell number dynamics, dissect changes in total and individual mitochondria activity from cell proliferation, and ability to identify chromatin remodeling drugs. Finally, we provide a web tool that allows comparing results obtained by different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya M Mikheeva
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Bogomolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Valentina A Gasca
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Sementsov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Timofey D Lebedev
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Balaei H, Ghasemi HM, Aghdam RM, Cheraghali B, Sohi MH. The effect of silver nanoparticles on biological and corrosion behavior of electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite film on Ti6Al4V. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:18. [PMID: 38526654 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Surface modification of titanium and its alloys has been seriously considered by researchers to improve their biological behaviors, in the past few decades. In present research, hydroxyapatite (HA) based composite coatings with different concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt% of silver (Ag) nanoparticles were electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on anodized and non-anodized Ti6Al4V, using a direct current at a voltage of 30 V for 10 min at room temperature. The specimens were then characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The cell adhesion images and cell viability results showed that HA-Ag composite coatings significantly promoted the biocompatibility of samples compared with the non-anodized and anodized Ti6Al4V. The viabilities of Mg-63 cells on HA-4%Ag coating and bi-layer coating (HA-4%Ag on anodized specimen) were approximately 91% and they were considered as the best coatings in term of biocompatibility. On the other hand, the antibacterial assessments demonstrated that HA-6%Ag coating had the best antibacterial performance compared with other samples. Furthermore, Tafel polarization curves indicated that corrosion resistance of the bi-layer coating was higher than those of the other specimens. The polarization resistance of this coating was about 7 times more than that of theTi6Al4V alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Balaei
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H M Ghasemi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - B Cheraghali
- Department of Materials Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heydarzadeh Sohi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Hadi MAA. Combination of stem cell-derived secretome from human exfoliated deciduous teeth with Yemeni Sidr honey on cell viability and migration: an in vitro study. BDJ Open 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38480735 PMCID: PMC10937720 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone diseases have a profound global impact, especially when the body's innate regenerative capacity falls short in the face of extensive damage. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), discovered in 2003, offer a promising solution for tissue repair, as they self-renew naturally and are easily obtainable. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including SHEDs, are believed to promote tissue regeneration by releasing growth factors, collectively known as the secretome. AIMS This study explored the potential of combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey to improve osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment involved treating cell cultures of two types of rat cell lines - 7F2 osteoblast and BHK-21 fibroblast immortalized cells - with SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey. After the treatment, cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, which calculates OD at 590 nm. Additionally, the scratch assay was conducted to evaluate cell migration, and ImageJ software was used for data processing. RESULTS The findings indicated that combining SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey enhanced osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration. Furthermore, the study highlighted the difference in the stimulative potential of SHED-derived secretome, Yemeni Sidr honey, and their combination, on the viability and migration of the cultured cells. CONCLUSION The research concludes that combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey has the potential to promote cell viability and migration in in-vitro settings. The synergistic application of these substances has been found to be more effective -when combined in a dose-dependent manner- than their counterparts. Overall, the current study serves as a foundation for further investigations to establish if the explored substance has any useful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Hadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Alabrahim OAA, Azzazy HMES. Synergistic anticancer effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oils and 5-Fluorouracil co-loaded onto biodegradable nanofibers against melanoma and breast cancer. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38353827 PMCID: PMC10866856 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and severe toxicities represent major drawbacks of chemotherapy. Natural extracts, including the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus (PLEO), exhibit substantial anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities where different cancers are reported to dramatically recess following targeting with PLEO. PLEO has promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic properties of PLEO are restricted by limited stability, bioavailability, and targeting ability. PLEO nanoformulation can maximize their physicochemical and therapeutic properties, overcoming their shortcomings. Hence, PLEO was extracted and its chemical composition was determined by GC-MS. PLEO and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) were electrospun into poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers (PCL-NFs), of 290.71 nm to 680.95 nm diameter, to investigate their anticancer and potential synergistic activities against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and human skin melanoma cell line (A375). The prepared nanofibers (NFs) showed enhanced thermal stability and remarkable physical integrity and tensile strength. Biodegradability studies showed prolonged stability over 42 days, supporting the NFs use as a localized therapy of breast tissues (postmastectomy) or melanoma. Release studies revealed sustainable release behaviors over 168 h, with higher released amounts of 5FU and PLEO at pH 5.4, indicating higher targeting abilities towards cancer tissues. NFs loaded with PLEO showed strong antioxidant properties. Finally, NFs loaded with either PLEO or 5FU depicted greater anticancer activities compared to free compounds. The highest anticancer activities were observed with NFs co-loaded with PLEO and 5FU. The developed 5FU-PLEO-PCL-NFs hold potential as a local treatment of breast cancer tissues (post-mastectomy) and melanoma to minimize their possible recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaydah Abd Alkader Alabrahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, Germany.
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Kousar M, Kim YR, Kim JY, Park J. Enhancement of Growth and Secondary Metabolites by the Combined Treatment of Trace Elements and Hydrogen Water in Wheat Sprouts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16742. [PMID: 38069065 PMCID: PMC10706805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the response of Triticum aestivum to hydrogen water (HW) and trace elements treated with HW. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the growth indices, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant levels. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to ascertain the concentrations and significant interaction between treatments. The outcomes demonstrated that the combined treatment of Se acid and Mo oxide exhibited a notable positive effect on the growth and secondary metabolites, when treated with HW as compared to distilled water (DW). Notably, the interaction between these two treatments is significant, and the higher response was observed at the optimal concentration of 0.000005% for Se acid and 0.06% for Mo oxide. Additionally, an in vitro experiment revealed that the mixture treatment inhibits the accumulation of lipids in HepG2 hepatocytes cells. Moreover, metabolic analysis revealed that upregulated metabolites are linked to the inhibition of lipid accumulation. In addition, the analysis emphasizes that the continued benefits of higher plants as a renewable supply for chemicals compounds, especially therapeutic agents, are being expanded and amplified by these state-of-the-art technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniba Kousar
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rim Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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García-Rodrigo JF, Ortiz G, Martínez-Díaz OF, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Ruíz-Herrera X, Macias F, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin Inhibits or Stimulates the Inflammatory Response of Joint Tissues in a Cytokine-dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad156. [PMID: 37864848 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The close association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sex, reproductive state, and stress has long linked prolactin (PRL) to disease progression. PRL has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory outcomes in RA, but responsible mechanisms are not understood. Here, we show that PRL modifies in an opposite manner the proinflammatory actions of IL-1β and TNF-α in mouse synovial fibroblasts in culture. Both IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated the metabolic activity and the expression of proinflammatory factors (Il1b, Inos, and Il6) via the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, IL-1β increased and TNF-α decreased the levels of the long PRL receptor isoform in association with dual actions of PRL on synovial fibroblast inflammatory response. PRL reduced the proinflammatory effect and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β but increased TNF-α-induced inflammation and NF-κB signaling. The double-faceted role of PRL against the 2 cytokines manifested also in vivo. IL-1β or TNF-α with or without PRL were injected into the knee joints of healthy mice, and joint inflammation was monitored after 24 hours. IL-1β and TNF-α increased the joint expression of proinflammatory factors and the infiltration of immune cells. PRL prevented the actions of IL-1β but was either inactive or further increased the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α. We conclude that PRL exerts opposite actions on joint inflammation in males and females that depend on specific proinflammatory cytokines, the level of the PRL receptor, and the activation of NF-κB signaling. Dual actions of PRL may help balance joint inflammation in RA and provide insights for development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76246, México
| | | | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Xarubet Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Fernando Macias
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - María G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
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da Silva TG, Rodrigues JA, Siqueira PB, Dos Santos Soares M, Mencalha AL, de Souza Fonseca A. Effects of photobiomodulation by low-power lasers and LEDs on the viability, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:191. [PMID: 37610503 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the malignant tumors, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed worldwide, being the most prevalent in women. Photobiomodulation has been used for wound healing, swelling and pain reduction, and muscle repair. The application of photobiomodulation in cancer patients has been controversial. Therefore, a better understanding of radiation-induced effects involved in photobiomodulation on cancer cells is needed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to low-power lasers and LEDs on cell viability, migration, and invasion in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were irradiated with a low-power red laser (23, 46, and 69 J/cm2, 0.77 W/cm2) and blue LED (160, 321, and 482 J/cm2, 5.35 W/cm2), alone or in combination. Cell viability was assessed using the WST-1 assay, cell migration was evaluated using the wound healing assay, and cell invasion was performed using the Matrigel transwell assay. Viability and migration were not altered in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cultures after exposure to low-power red laser and blue LED. However, there was a decrease in cell invasion from the cultures of the two cell lines evaluated. The results suggest that photobiomodulation induced by low-power red laser and blue LED does not alter cell viability and migration but decreases cell invasion in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayssa Gomes da Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscyanne Barreto Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dos Santos Soares
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica E Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, PAPC, 4Th Floor, CEP: 20.551-030, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil
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11
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Nikam AN, Jacob A, Raychaudhuri R, Fernandes G, Pandey A, Rao V, Ahmad SF, Pannala AS, Mutalik S. Topical Micro-Emulsion of 5-Fluorouracil by a Twin Screw Processor-Based Novel Continuous Manufacturing Process for the Treatment of Skin Cancer: Preparation and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2175. [PMID: 37765146 PMCID: PMC10534867 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a BCS class III drug, has low oral bioavailability and is cytotoxic in nature causing severe systemic side effects when administered through the intravenous route. Topical drug delivery could potentially mitigate the systemic side-effects. Microemulsions (MEs) would be an apt solution due to enhanced partitioning of the drug to the skin. However, conventional methods for preparing MEs are inefficient since they are not continuous and are very tedious and time-consuming processes hence revealing the need for the development of continuous manufacturing technology. In our study, 5-FU MEs were prepared using a continuous manufacturing Twin Screw Process (TSP) and its efficiency in the treatment of skin cancer was evaluated. Water-in-oil MEs were prepared using isopropyl myristate as the oil phase and Aerosol OT and Tween 80 as the surfactants. The average particle size was observed to be 178 nm. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to confirm the size and shape of the MEs. FTIR study proved no physical or chemical interaction between the excipients and the drug. In vitro drug release using vertical diffusion cells and ex vivo skin permeation studies showed that the drug was released sustainably and permeated across the skin, respectively. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, 5-FU MEs were accessed in HaCat and A431 cell lines to determine percentage cell viability and IC50. Skin irritation and histopathological examination implied that the 5-FU MEs did not cause any significant irritation to the skin. In vivo pharmacodynamics studies in rats suggested that the optimised formulation was effective in treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Therefore, 5-FU MEs efficiently overcame the various drawbacks faced during oral and intravenous drug delivery. Also, TSP proved to be a technique that overcomes the various problems associated with the conventional methods of preparing MEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gasper Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Vinay Rao
- STEERLife India Private Limited, No. 290, 4th Main Road, Ganapathy Nagar, Phase 3, Peenya Industrial Area, Peenya, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka State, India;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ananth S. Pannala
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; (A.N.N.); (A.J.); (R.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.)
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12
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A/P Chowmasundaram Y, Tan TL, Nulit R, Jusoh M, Rashid SA. Recent developments, applications and challenges for carbon quantum dots as a photosynthesis enhancer in agriculture. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25093-25117. [PMID: 37622012 PMCID: PMC10445218 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the world's population is expanding, mankind may be faced with a huge dilemma in the future, which is food scarcity. The situation can be mitigated by employing sustainable cutting-edge agricultural methods to maintain the food supply chain. In recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQD), a member of the well-known carbon-based nanomaterials family, have given rise to a new generation of technologies that have the potential to revolutionise horticulture and agriculture research. CQD has drawn much attention from the research community in agriculture owing to their remarkable properties such as good photoluminescence behaviour, high biocompatibility, photo-induced electron transfer, low cost, and low toxicity. These unique properties have led CQD to become a promising material to increase plant growth and yield in the agriculture field. This review paper highlights the recent advances of CQD application in plant growth and photosynthesis rate at different concentrations, with a focus on CQD uptake and translocation, as well as electron transfer mechanism. The toxicity and biocompatibility studies of CQD, as well as industrial scale applications of CQD for agriculture are discussed. Finally, the current challenges of the present and future perspectives in this agriculture research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna A/P Chowmasundaram
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Tong Ling Tan
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosimah Nulit
- Department of Biology, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mashitah Jusoh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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13
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Rajan PK, Harihar S, Dunna NR, Kumar A, Prabakaran NN, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Methyl gallic acid entrapped ethosomal nano-vesicular system augments cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:229. [PMID: 37309404 PMCID: PMC10257610 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylated gallic acid (MGA) is a potent anticancer biomolecular entity (BME). Loading MGA into a nano-vesicular (NV) drug delivery system using nanotechnology approaches can increase the efficiency of the drug and its release characteristics. This study aimed to develop an ethosomal nano-vesicular (ENV) system loaded with MGA that shows augmented entrapment efficiency, release rate, and cytotoxic potential against oral cancer. The ENV system was synthesized using Soy lecithin, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The ENV system's characterization (DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, FT-IR) with and without MGA was performed. The cytotoxicity evaluation of MGA alone compared to the MGA-loaded ENV system was performed against the squamous cell carcinoma-9 (SCC-9) cell line. The DLS and zeta potential analysis revealed the size of the ENV system as 58.2 nm and-43.5 mV charge, respectively. MGA loading to ENV system increased size to 63 nm and decreased charge to -2.8 mV. Peaks of FTIR analysis confirmed the encapsulation of MGA in the ENV system. TEM studies revealed the spherical surface morphology of the MGA-loaded ENV system. Compared with conventional MGA alone administration, ENV loaded with MGA showed better drug absorption and bioavailability in vitro. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity results firmly establish the improved therapeutic potential of ENV loaded with MGA against oral cancer cells than MGA alone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha K. Rajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sitaram Harihar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA—Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401 India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462026 India
| | - Naresh Narayanan Prabakaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Sadiq NB, Kwon H, Park NI, Hamayun M, Jung JH, Yang SH, Jang SW, Kabadayı SN, Kim HY, Kim YJ. The Impact of Light Wavelength and Darkness on Metabolite Profiling of Korean Ginseng: Evaluating Its Anti-Cancer Potential against MCF-7 and BV-2 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097768. [PMID: 37175475 PMCID: PMC10178343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean ginseng is a source of functional foods and medicines; however, its productivity is hindered by abiotic stress factors, such as light. This study investigated the impacts of darkness and different light wavelengths on the metabolomics and anti-cancer activity of ginseng extracts. Hydroponically-grown Korean ginseng was shifted to a light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chamber for blue-LED and darkness treatments, while white fluorescent (FL) light treatment was the control. MCF-7 breast cancer and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells were used to determine chemo-preventive and neuroprotective potential. Overall, 53 significant primary metabolites were detected in the treated samples. The levels of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Re, as well as organic and amino acids, were significantly higher in the dark treatment, followed by blue-LED treatment and the FL control. The dark-treated ginseng extract significantly induced apoptotic signaling in MCF-7 cells and dose-dependently inhibited the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Short-term dark treatment increased the content of Rd, Rc, Rb1, Rb2, and Re ginsenosides in ginseng extracts, which promoted apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway in BV-2 microglial cells. These results indicate that the dark treatment might be effective in improving the pharmacological potential of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooruddin Bin Sadiq
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Kwon
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Je-Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Won Jang
- Korean Ginseng Company (KGC), 71 Beotkkot-gil, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 34337, Republic of Korea
| | - Seda Nur Kabadayı
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yazdi M, Daryanavard H, Ashtiani AH, Moradinejad M, Rakhshan V. A systematic review of biocompatibility and safety of orthodontic clear aligners and transparent vacuum-formed thermoplastic retainers: Bisphenol-A release, adverse effects, cytotoxicity, and estrogenic effects. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:41. [PMID: 37180685 PMCID: PMC10166753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An ever-increasing demand is seen for clear aligners and transparent vacuum-formed retainers. They are esthetic and convenient. However, the biomaterials used in these appliances might pose biological safety and biocompatibility threats in terms of their bisphenol-A (BPA) release, cytotoxicity, adverse effects, and estrogenic effects. Due to the controversial results and the lack of any systematic reviews in this regard, we conducted this systematic review. Materials and Methods Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as references of the found articles were searched (independently by 3 researchers) up to December 22, 2021, to find studies relevant to the biocompatibility of clear aligners and thermoplastic retainers. The search keywords were a combination of the following (and more): Essix, vacuum-formed aligner, thermoplastic aligner, clear aligner, Invisalign, vacuum-formed retainer, BPA release, monomer release, cytotoxicity, estrogenicity, biocompatibility, chemical properties, and oral epithelial cell. As eligibility criteria, articles in all languages would be included as long as their text could be translated clearly using online translators or by professional translators; all types of publications (article, book, and thesis) would be included if containing relevant studies and information; they should have been on clear liners or thermoplastic retainers; and they should have been on biocompatibility, safety, cytotoxicity, or estrogenicity of clear aligners or thermoplastic retainers. There were no restrictions on the type of study (randomized clinical trials, experimental in vitro studies). Studies focusing merely on the mechanical properties of clear aligners or thermoplastic retainers (without examining their chemical properties) would be excluded. The risk of bias was assessed. Results The risk of bias was rather low. However, the methodologies of the studies were quite different. Overall, 16 articles (1 randomized clinical trial and 15 in vitro studies) were identified. The data for BPA release were reported in four articles (1 clinical trial and 3 in vitro studies). Quantitatively speaking, the amount of released BPA reported by in vitro studies was very low, if not zero. However, the BPA level was very high in the only randomized clinical trial. Many adverse effects were linked to using clear aligners or transparent retainers, including pain and soft-tissue issues such as burning, tingling, sore tongue, lip swelling, blisters, ulceration, dry mouth, periodontal problems, and even systemic problems such as difficulty in breathing. Besides these biological adverse effects, oral dysfunctions and speech difficulties and tooth damage may be associated with clear aligners and should as well be taken into consideration. Conclusion Given the very high levels of BPA leach observed in the only clinical trial and considering other possible dangers of small traces of BPA (even at low doses) and also given the numerous adverse events linked to clear aligners or transparent retainers, it seems that safety of these appliances might be questionable and more clinical studies of biocompatibility are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Yazdi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hanie Daryanavard
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemi Ashtiani
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Moradinejad
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Rakhshan
- Department of Anatomy, Dental School, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Moradinejad M, Yazdi M, Daryanavard H, Ashtiani A, Rakhshan V. A systematic review of biocompatibility and safety of orthodontic clear aligners and transparent vacuum-formed thermoplastic retainers: Bisphenol-A release, adverse effects, cytotoxicity, and estrogenic effects. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.372658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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17
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Mohsen AM, Nagy YI, Shehabeldine AM, Okba MM. Thymol-Loaded Eudragit RS30D Cationic Nanoparticles-Based Hydrogels for Topical Application in Wounds: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010019. [PMID: 36678648 PMCID: PMC9861126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines formulated using nanotechnology-based systems are a rich source of new wound-treating therapeutics. This study aims to develop thymol-loaded cationic polymeric nanoparticles (CPNPs) to enhance the skin retention and wound healing efficacy of thymol. The developed materials exhibited entrapment efficiencies of 56.58 to 68.97%, particle sizes of 36.30 to 99.41 nm, and positively charged zeta potential. In Vitro sustained release of thymol up to 24 h was achieved. Selected thymol CPNPs (F5 and C2) were mixed with methylcellulose to form hydrogels (GF5 and GC2). An In Vivo skin-retention study revealed that GF5 and GC2 showed 3.3- and 3.6-fold higher retention than free thymol, respectively. An In Vitro scratch-wound healing assay revealed a significant acceleration in wound closure at 24 h by 58.09% (GF5) and 57.45% (GC2). The potential for free thymol hydrogel, GF5, and GC2 to combat MRSA in a murine skin model was evaluated. The bacterial counts, recovered from skin lesions and the spleen, were assessed. Although a significant reduction in the bacterial counts recovered from the skin lesions was shown by all three formulations, only GF5 and GC2 were able to reduce the bacterial dissemination to the spleen. Thus, our study suggests that Eudragit RS30D nanoparticles-based hydrogels are a potential delivery system for enhancing thymol skin retention and wound healing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed Mohsen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Yosra Ibrahim Nagy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Shehabeldine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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18
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Ramzy A, ElSafy S, Elshoky HA, Soliman A, Youness R, Mansour S, Sebak A. Drugless nanoparticles tune-up an array of intertwined pathways contributing to immune checkpoint signaling and metabolic reprogramming in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36541457 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca85d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming 'Warburg effect' and immune checkpoint signaling are immunosuppressive hallmarks of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributing to the limited clinical applicability of immunotherapy. Biomaterials arise as novel tools for immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment that can be used alongside conventional immunotherapeutics. Chitosan and lecithin are examples of versatile biomaterials with interesting immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we aimed at investigation of the role of carefully designed hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) on common mediators of both programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and glycolytic metabolism. Hybrid lecithin-chitosan NPs were prepared and characterized. Their intracellular concentration, localization and effect on the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed. Glycolytic metabolism was quantified by measuring glucose consumption, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, lactate production and extracellular acidification. Nitric oxide production was quantified using Greiss reagent. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and PD-L1 was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Chitosan, lecithin and the NPs-formulated forms have been shown to influence the 'Warburg effect' and immune checkpoint signaling of TNBC cells differently. The composition of the hybrid systems dictated their subcellular localization and hence the positive or negative impact on the immunosuppressive characteristics of TNBC cells. Carefully engineered hybrid lecithin-chitosan NPs could convert the immune-suppressive microenvironment of TNBC to an immune-active microenvironment via reduction of PD-L1 expression and reversal of the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ramzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sara ElSafy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Elshoky
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab. (NAMCL), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.,Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Research, Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Aya Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Rana Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Immunopharmacology of Cancer, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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19
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Farràs A, Mitjans M, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Vinardell MP, López V. Exploring wild Aspleniaceae ferns as safety sources of polyphenols: The case of Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994215. [PMID: 36172521 PMCID: PMC9511145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The forest ecosystem is a source of material resources used since ancient times by mankind. Ferns are part of different oriental systems of traditional medicine due to the phytochemical variety of their fronds, which have allowed their traditional use to be validated through ethnopharmacological studies. In Europe, different cultures have used the same fern with a wide variety of applications due to its presence in most European forests. In recent years, studies on the phytocharacterization and biological activity of the fronds of the main European ferns have been published. In this study, the presence of polyphenolic phytochemicals has been evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in the fronds of two wild ferns together with in vitro activities in non-tumoral and human tumoral cell lines. The polyphenols were extracted from Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. by cold maceration using methanol. The main phytochemicals of polyphenolic origin in the extracts of A. trichomanes and C. officinarum determined by HPLC-MS/MS were the flavonol hyperoside and the phenolic acid chlorogenic acid, respectively. This different polyphenolic nature of both extracts contributes to the divergence of the behavior experienced in the biological activities tested, but none of the extracts showed a cytotoxic or phototoxic profile in the different tested cell lines. However, the cytoprotective values in front of the H2O2 oxidative stress induced in the 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines position these extracts as possible candidates for future health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Víctor López,
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20
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UMAOH Calcium Phosphate Coatings Designed for Drug Delivery: Vancomycin, 5-Fluorouracil, Interferon α-2b Case. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134643. [PMID: 35806777 PMCID: PMC9267872 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems based on calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings have been recently recognized as beneficial drug delivery systems in complex cases of bone diseases for admission of drugs in the localized area, simultaneously inducing osteoinduction because of the bioavailable Ca and P ions. However, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) deposition of CaP does not allow for the formation of a coating with sufficient interconnected porosity for drug delivery purposes. Here, we report on the method to deposit CaP-based coatings using a new hybrid ultrasound-assisted MAO (UMAOH) method for deposition of coatings for drug delivery that could carry various types of drugs, such as cytostatic, antibacterial, or immunomodulatory compositions. Application of UMAOH resulted in coatings with an Ra roughness equal to 3.5 µm, a thickness of 50–55 µm, and a combination of high values of internal and surface porosity, 39 and 28%, respectively. The coating is represented by the monetite phase that is distributed in the matrix of amorphous CaP. Optimal conditions of coating deposition have been determined and used for drug delivery by impregnation with Vancomycin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Interferon-α-2b. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the manufactured drug-carrying coatings have been studied using the three different cell lines and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
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21
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Hordyjewska A, Prendecka-Wróbel M, Kurach Ł, Horecka A, Olszewska A, Pigoń-Zając D, Małecka-Massalska T, Kurzepa J. Antiproliferative Properties of Triterpenoids by ECIS Method—A New Promising Approach in Anticancer Studies? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103150. [PMID: 35630627 PMCID: PMC9146930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing is an advanced in vitro impedance measuring system which uses alternating current to determine behavior of cells in physiological conditions. In this study, we used the abovementioned method for checking the anticancer activities of betulin and betulinic acid, which are some of the most commonly found triterpenes in nature. In our experiment, the threshold concentrations of betulin required to elicit antiproliferative effects, verified by MTT and LDH release methods, were 7.8 µM for breast cancer (T47D), 9.5 µM for lung carcinoma (A549), and 21.3 µM for normal epithelial cells (Vero). The ECIS results revealed the great potential of betulin and betulinic acid’s antitumor properties and their maintenance of cytotoxic substances to the breast cancer T47D line. Moreover, both substances showed a negligible toxic effect on healthy epithelial cells (Vero). Our investigation showed that the ECIS method is a proper alternative to the currently used assay for testing in vitro anticancer activity of compounds, and that it should thus be introduced in cellular routine research. It is also a valuable tool for live-monitoring changes in the morphology and physiology of cells, which translates into the accurate development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Prendecka-Wróbel
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Łukasz Kurach
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814486196
| | - Anna Horecka
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Dominika Pigoń-Zając
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Teresa Małecka-Massalska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
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22
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Mat Zian NFA, Swain P, Mohd Faudzi SM, Zakaria N, Wan Ibrahim WN, Abu Bakar N, Shaari K, Stanslas J, Choi TI, Kim CH. Mapping Molecular Networks within Clitoria ternatea Linn. against LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells, with Molecular Docking and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040467. [PMID: 35455463 PMCID: PMC9032563 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea Linn. (CT), or butterfly pea, is an Ayurvedic plant traditionally used as a brain tonic. Recently, it was reported to be of use in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, i.e., as an antistress treatment and antidepressant. In the present study, we report a detailed phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of the flower of CT (CTF_EA) with significant neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory properties in both LPS-activated BV-2 and SK-N-SH cells. Concurrently, the molecular network (MN) derived from the CTF_EA metabolome allows putative identification of flavonol 3-O-glycosides, hydrocinnamic acids, and primary metabolites. Molecular docking studies suggest that CTF_EA preferentially targets iNOS, resulting in a decrease in nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, no toxic effects on normal embryonic development, blood vessel formation, and apoptosis are observed when CTF_EA is tested for in vivo toxicity in zebrafish models. The overall preliminary results suggest the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of CT and provide scientific support for the efficacy of this medicinal plant at local and traditional levels. However, studies on the targeted isolation of bioactive metabolites, in-depth pharmacological efficacy, and safety in mammalian models are urgently needed to expand our understanding of this plant before it is developed into a promising therapeutic agent for brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Farah Adni Mat Zian
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Puspanjali Swain
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Norzalina Zakaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
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23
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Shakil MS, Rana Z, Hanif M, Rosengren RJ. Key considerations when using the sulforhodamine B assay for screening novel anticancer agents. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:6-10. [PMID: 34261912 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drug discovery programmes use a large number of in-vitro assays to screen the potency of compound libraries. The accuracy and reliability of these in-vitro assays are vital in selecting potent lead candidates for further (pre)clinical studies. Among the commonly used cell viability assays, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay has been a popular choice due to its simplicity, accuracy, reliability and reproducibility. SRB dye interacts with protein's basic amino acids and viable cell number is determined based on the cellular protein content. In this study, the cytotoxic potency of the novel hydroxythiopyridone derivatives towards A549 and H522 cells was determined using the SRB assay. The known drugs oxaliplatin and vorinostat were also examined. The resulting EC50 values were accurate, reliable and reproducible. However, all EC50 values calculated in 6-well plates were higher compared to those determined from 96-well plates. Furthermore, results from 6-well plates were also more variable compared to 96-well plates. Our results confirm that SRB assay is a reliable technique in screening the potency of anticancer drug candidates but plating conditions need to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Zohaib Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Ghasemi M, Turnbull T, Sebastian S, Kempson I. The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12827. [PMID: 34884632 PMCID: PMC8657538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MTT assay for cellular metabolic activity is almost ubiquitous to studies of cell toxicity; however, it is commonly applied and interpreted erroneously. We investigated the applicability and limitations of the MTT assay in representing treatment toxicity, cell viability, and metabolic activity. We evaluated the effect of potential confounding variables on the MTT assay measurements on a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) including cell seeding number, MTT concentration, MTT incubation time, serum starvation, cell culture media composition, released intracellular contents (cell lysate and secretome), and extrusion of formazan to the extracellular space. We also assessed the confounding effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as a tested treatment in PC-3 cells on the assay measurements. We additionally evaluated the applicability of microscopic image cytometry as a tool for measuring intracellular MTT reduction at the single-cell level. Our findings show that the assay measurements are a result of a complicated process dependant on many of the above-mentioned factors, and therefore, optimization of the assay and rational interpretation of the data is necessary to prevent misleading conclusions on variables such as cell viability, treatment toxicity, and/or cell metabolism. We conclude, with recommendations on how to apply the assay and a perspective on where the utility of the assay is a powerful tool, but likewise where it has limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (M.G.); (T.T.); (S.S.)
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25
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Pinheiro CVG, da Silva WMB, Rodrigues JPV, Rocha YM, Teixeira MJ, de Oliveira RN, de Souza NV, Nicolete R. Anti-Leishmania infantum in vitro effect of n-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole and its ADME/TOX parameters. J Parasit Dis 2021; 46:317-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Farràs A, Mitjans M, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Vinardell MP, López V. Polypodium vulgare L. ( Polypodiaceae) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Polyphenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Properties in Different Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727528. [PMID: 34603041 PMCID: PMC8482143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pteridophytes, represented by ferns and allies, are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Ferns have evolved independently of any other species in the plant kingdom being its secondary metabolism a reservoir of phytochemicals characteristic of this taxon. The study of the potential uses of Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae) as medicinal plant has increased in recent years particularly when in 2008 the European Medicines Agency published a monograph about the rhizome of this species. Our objective is to provide scientific knowledge on the polar constituents extracted from the fronds of P. vulgare, one of the main ferns of European distribution, to contribute to the validation of certain traditional uses. Specifically, we have characterized the methanolic extract of P. vulgare fronds (PVM) by HPLC-DAD and investigated its potential cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, ROS production and protective effects against oxidative stress by using in vitro methods. The 3T3, HaCaT, HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7 and A549 were the cell lines used to evaluate the possible cytotoxic behaviour of the PVM. HPLC-DAD was utilized to validate the polyphenolic profile of the extract. H2O2 and UVA were the prooxidant agents to induce oxidative stress by different conditions in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines. Antioxidant activity of in vitro PVM in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines was evaluated by ROS assay. Our results demonstrate that PVM contains significant amounts of shikimic acid together with caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids such as epicatechin and catechin; PVM is not cytotoxic at physiological concentrations against the different cell lines, showing cytoprotective and cellular repair activity in 3T3 fibroblast cells. This biological activity could be attributed to the high content of polyphenolic compounds. The fronds of the P. vulgare are a source of polyphenolic compounds, which can be responsible for certain traditional uses like wound healing properties. In the present work, fronds of the common polypody are positioned as a candidate for pharmaceutical applications based on traditional medicine uses but also as potential food ingredients due to lack of toxicity at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Harmine Augments the Cytotoxic and Anti-invasive Potential of Temozolomide Against Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.
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28
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Ng CH, Tan TH, Tioh NH, Seng HL, Ahmad M, Ng SW, Gan WK, Low ML, Lai JW, Zulkefeli M. Synthesis, characterization and multiple targeting with selectivity: Anticancer property of ternary metal phenanthroline-maltol complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 220:111453. [PMID: 33895694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and maltol (mal) (complexes 1, 2, 3 respectively) were prepared from their respective metal(II) chlorides and were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, UV spectroscopy, molar conductivity, p-nitrosodimethylaniline assay and mass spectrometry. The X-ray structure of a single crystal of the zinc(II) analogue reveals a square pyramidal structure with distinctly shorter apical chloride bond. All complexes were evaluated for their anticancer property on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and normal cell line MCF-10A, using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and morphological studies. Complex 2 was most potent for 24, 48 and 72 h treatment of cancer cells but it was not selective towards cancer over normal cells. The mechanistic studies of the cobalt(II) complex 1 involved apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species assay and proteasome inhibition assay. Complex 1 induced low apoptosis, generated low level of ROS and did not inhibit proteasome in normal cells. The study of the DNA binding and nucleolytic properties of complexes 1-3 in the absence or presence of H2O2 or sodium ascorbate revealed that only complex 1 was not nucleolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Hee Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Thean Heng Tan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ngee Heng Tioh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoi Ling Seng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Khang Gan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Ulukaya E, Karakas D, Dimas K. Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:636. [PMID: 34205407 PMCID: PMC8234301 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays' results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
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30
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Ganai SA, Srinivasan P, Rajamanikandan S, Shah BA, Mohan S, Gani M, Padder BA, Qadri RA, Bhat MA, Baba ZA, Yatoo MA. Delineating binding potential, stability of Sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine in the active site of histone deacetylase 2 and testing its cytotoxicity against distinct cancer lines through stringent molecular dynamics, DFT and cell-based assays. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:363-376. [PMID: 33966346 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), an isozyme of Class I HDACs has potent imputations in actuating neurodegenerative signaling. Currently, there are sizeable therapeutic disquiets with the use of synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitors in disease management. This strongly suggests the unfulfilled medical necessity of plant substitutes for therapeutic intervention. Sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine (SFN-N-acetylcysteine or SFN-NAC), a sulforaphane metabolite has shown significantly worthier activity against HDACs under in vitro conditions. However, the atomistic studies of SFN-NAC against HDAC2 are currently lacking. Thus, the present study employed a hybrid strategy including extra-precision (XP) grid-based flexible molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), e-Pharmacophores method, and molecular dynamics simulation for exploring the binding strengh, mode of interaction, e-Pharmacophoric features, and stability of SFN-NAC towards HDAC2. Further, the globally acknowledged density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on SFN-NAC and entinostat individually in complex state with HDAC2. Apart from this, these inhibitors were tested against three distinct cancer cell models and one transformed cell line for cytotoxic activity. Moreover, double mutant of HDAC2 was generated and the binding orientation and interaction of SFN-NAC was scrutinized in this state. On the whole, this study unbosomed and explained the comparatively higher binding affinity of entinostat for HDAC2 and its wide spectrum cytotoxicity than SFN-NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
| | - Pappu Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Sundaraj Rajamanikandan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Basit Amin Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Suma Mohan
- SCBT, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology and Research Academy, 613401, India
| | - Mudasir Gani
- Division of Entomology, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
| | | | - Raies A Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Yatoo
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, 193201, India
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Shiraishi H, Toyoda A. The use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide-based colorimetric assay in the viability analysis of the filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:739-742. [PMID: 33624771 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to an industrially valuable filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was examined. When it was applied to A. platensis NIES-39, as few as 10 viable trichomes were quantitatively detected. However, depending on the experimental conditions, it also generated artifactual viability signals. The results should help clarify the scope and limits of the MTT assay in viability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Toyoda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Piletz JE, Mao Y, Roy D, Qizilbash B, Nkamssi E, Weir E, Graham J, Emmanuel M, Iqbal S, Brue K, Sengupta B. Transepithelial Anti-Neuroblastoma Response to Kale among Four Vegetable Juices Using In Vitro Model Co-Culture System. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020488. [PMID: 33540724 PMCID: PMC7913023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Juicing vegetables is thought to be an anticancer treatment. Support exists for a rank order of anticancer greens (kale > dandelion > lettuce > spinach) based on degrees of bioavailability of different phytochemicals, also offset by some noxious molecules (i.e., calcium-oxalate). We developed a new in vitro transepithelial anti-neuroblastoma model system. The juices were diluted as predicted once in the small intestine. They were applied to apical Caco-2Bbe1 cells atop dividing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell growth were considered with juice spectroscopies. Studied first in monoculture, kale and dandelion were the most cytostatic juices on SH-SY5Ys, lettuce showed no effect, and high (4.2%) spinach was cytotoxic. In co-culture, high (4.2%) kale was quickest (three days) to inhibit neuroblastoma growth. By five days, dandelion and kale were equally robust. Lettuce showed small anti-proliferative effects at five days and spinach remained cytotoxic. Spinach’s cytotoxicity corresponded with major infrared bands indicative of oxalate. Kale juice uniquely induced reactive oxygen species and S-phase cell cycle arrest in SH-SY5Y. The superiority of kale and dandelion was also apparent on the epithelium, because raising TEER levels is considered healthy. Kale’s unique features corresponded with a major fluorescent peak that co-eluted with kaempferol during high performance liquid chromatography. Because the anticancer rank order was upheld, the model appears validated for screening anticancer juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Piletz
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA; (Y.M.); (E.N.); (S.I.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.E.P.); (B.S.); Tel.: +1-(601)-925-7818 (J.E.P.); +1-(936)-468-2485 (B.S.)
| | - Yuhan Mao
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA; (Y.M.); (E.N.); (S.I.); (K.B.)
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Biology, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA;
| | - Bilal Qizilbash
- Qizilbash Labs, 345 Woodstone Road, Suite K6, Clinton, MS 39056, USA;
| | - Eurielle Nkamssi
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA; (Y.M.); (E.N.); (S.I.); (K.B.)
| | - Enleyona Weir
- Department of Chemistry, Tougaloo College, 500 West County Line Road, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; (E.W.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Jessica Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Tougaloo College, 500 West County Line Road, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; (E.W.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Mary Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Tougaloo College, 500 West County Line Road, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; (E.W.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Suwaira Iqbal
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA; (Y.M.); (E.N.); (S.I.); (K.B.)
| | - Kellie Brue
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS 39058, USA; (Y.M.); (E.N.); (S.I.); (K.B.)
| | - Bidisha Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
- Correspondence: (J.E.P.); (B.S.); Tel.: +1-(601)-925-7818 (J.E.P.); +1-(936)-468-2485 (B.S.)
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Nozhat Z, Khalaji MS, Hedayati M, Kia SK. Different Methods for Cell Viability and Proliferation Assay: Essential Tools in Pharmaceutical Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:703-712. [PMID: 33390140 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621999201230202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The ratio of live cells to total cells in a sample is a definition for cell viability or cell toxicity. The assessment of the viable cells plays a critical role in all processes of the cell culture workflows. Overall, they are used to evaluate the survival of cells and also to optimize culture or experimental conditions following treatment with different agents or compounds, like during a drug screen. In most cases, the measurement of cell viability is the primary purpose of the experiments, for example, in pharmaceutical studies to evaluate agents' toxicity. METHODS A literature research was conducted on cell viability assays in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus. RESULTS There is a wide range of cell viability assays and different parameters such as cost, speed, and complexity of a test effect to determine the choosing method. However each method has some advantages and disadvantages and none of them is not 100% perfect method. CONCLUSION Accordingly, it seems that the simultaneous utility of at least two assays will cover each other disadvantages to demonstrate the effects of different agents on different cell types. For instance, when one assay measures cell metabolic health, the other one checks cells permeability. Therefore by this strategy a researcher can report with more confidence the effective doses of the examined therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nozhat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Mina S Khalaji
- Microbiological Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology Group, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620,. China
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Sima K Kia
- Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam,. Netherlands
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Alper P, Salomatina OV, Salakhutdinov NF, Ulukaya E, Ari F. Soloxolone methyl, as a 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid derivate, may result in endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115963. [PMID: 33383441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Being one of the leading causes of cancer death among women, various chemotherapeutic agents isolated from natural compounds are used in breast cancer treatment and consequently studies to develop new drugs still continue. There are several studies on 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid, a secondary metabolite which is found in Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice roots), as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Soloxolone methyl compound, a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid were investigated on breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MBA-231). Soloxolone methyl is found to be cytotoxic on both MCF-7 and MDA-MBA-231 breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Especially in MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis is detected to be triggered by ER stress. The antigrowth effects of Soloxolone methyl were determined using MTT and ATP assays. To identify the mode of cell death (apoptosis/necrosis), fluorescent staining (Hoechst 33342 and Propidium iodide) and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30-antigen) analyses were used. In addition, apoptosis was investigated on gene and protein levels by PCR and Western Blotting. Soloxolone methyl decreased cell viability on cells in a dose and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis markers. An increase on apoptotic proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (IRE1-α, Bip, CHOP) was also determined in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, an increase of apoptotic gene expressions was determined in both cells treated with Soloxolone methyl. Advance analyses should be performed to elucidate the potential of Soloxolone methyl as an anticancer agent in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alper
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey; Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine Research Institute, Molecular Medicine, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oksana V Salomatina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent'ev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent'ev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ferda Ari
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
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Kara M, ÖztaŞ E, Özhan G. Acetamiprid-induced Cyto- and Genotoxicity in the AR42J Pancreatic Cell Line. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:474-479. [PMID: 33177926 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.89719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Neonicotinoid insecticides, 30% of insecticides marketed worldwide, have selective toxicity on insects through α4p2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Although it is known that acetamiprid exerts toxicity on several organ systems, its toxic effects on the pancreas and its mechanism of action have not been clarified yet. Therefore, in the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of acetamiprid on the AR42J pancreatic cell line were evaluated. Materials and Methods The (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and comet assay were conducted for the cyto- and genotoxicity evaluations, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by flow cytometry and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by ELISA for oxidative damage potential, which is thought to be an underlying mechanism of cyto-/genotoxic effects. Results To reveal the dose-response relationship the concentration range of 1-6 mM was selected for the assays. Cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory concentration 50 value was calculated as 12.61 mM by the MTT assay. Acetamiprid induced DNA damage in all concentrations tested in a dose-depending manner. The mean tail intensity values were 3.84 and ≤32.96 for the control and exposure groups, respectively. There was no significant difference for ROS production; however, the GSH level was reduced at the highest concentration. Conclusion It is thought that the present study will contribute to the literature due to the lack of data on the potential toxic effects of acetamiprid on the pancreas. To better understand acetamiprid toxicity, further studies including a wide range of mechanistic parameters are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kara
- Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi ÖztaŞ
- Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Barut B, Yalçın CÖ, Demirbaş Ü, Özel A. Photochemical and in vitro phototoxic properties of Zn (II) phthalocyanine bearing piperidinium groups on different cell lines. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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37
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tajaldini M, Samadi F, Khosravi A, Ghasemnejad A, Asadi J. Inhibition of Growth and Migration of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Orange Peel Extract and Naringin. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Yordanov YI. Hep G2 cell culture confluence measurement in phase-contrast micrographs - a user-friendly, open-source software-based approach. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:146-152. [PMID: 31736404 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1695303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phase-contrast micrographs are often used for confirmation of proliferation and viability assays. However, they are usually only a qualitative tool and fail to exclude with certainty the presence of assay interference by test substances. The complexity of image analysis workflows hinders life scientists from routinely utilizing micrograph data. Here, we present an open-source software-based, combined ilastik segmentation/ImageJ measurement of area (ISIMA) approach for cell monolayer segmentation and confluence percentage measurement of phase-contrast micrographs of Hep G2 cells. The aim of this study is to test whether the proposed approach is suitable for quantitative confirmation of proliferation data, acquired by the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our results show that ISIMA is user-friendly and provides reproducible data, which strongly correlates to the results of the MTT assay. In conclusion, ISIMA is an affordable, simple, and fast approach for confluence quantification by researchers without image analysis background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan I Yordanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Grela E, Kozłowska J, Grabowiecka A. Current methodology of MTT assay in bacteria - A review. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:303-311. [PMID: 29606555 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium assay is a popular tool in estimating the metabolic activity of living cells. The test is based on enzymatic reduction of the lightly colored tetrazolium salt to its formazan of intense purple-blue color, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically. Under properly optimized conditions the obtained absorbance value is directly proportional to the number of living cells. Originally, the MTT assay was devised for use in eukaryotic cells lines and later applied for bacteria and fungi. As the mechanism of MTT reduction was studied in detail mostly considering eukaryotic cells, the lack of information resulted in generating a vast variety of MTT based protocols for bacterial enzymatic activity evaluation. In the presented article the main aspects of the MTT assay applicability in bacterial research were summarized, with special emphasis on sources of inaccuracies and misinterpretation of the test results.
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