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Pan I, Umapathy S. Probiotics an emerging therapeutic approach towards gut-brain-axis oriented chronic health issues induced by microplastics: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32004. [PMID: 38882279 PMCID: PMC11176854 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Applications for plastic polymers can be found all around the world, often discarded without any prior care, exacerbating the environmental issue. When large waste materials are released into the environment, they undergo physical, biological, and photo-degradation processes that break them down into smaller polymer fragments known as microplastics (MPs). The time it takes for residual plastic to degrade depends on the type of polymer and environmental factors, with some taking as long as 600 years or more. Due to their small size, microplastics can contaminate food and enter the human body through food chains and webs, causing gastrointestinal (GI) tract pain that can range from local to systemic. Microplastics can also acquire hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals on their surface, due to their large surface area and surface hydrophobicity. The levels of contamination on the microplastic surface are significantly higher than in the natural environment. The gut-brain axis (GB axis), through which organisms interact with their environment, regulate nutritional digestion and absorption, intestinal motility and secretion, complex polysaccharide breakdown, and maintain intestinal integrity, can be altered by microplastics acting alone or in combination with pollutants. Probiotics have shown significant therapeutic potential in managing various illnesses mediated by the gut-brain axis. They connect hormonal and biochemical pathways to promote gut and brain health, making them a promising therapy option for a variety of GB axis-mediated illnesses. Additionally, taking probiotics with or without food can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuro-inflammation, neurodegeneration, protein folding, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease. This study provides new insight into microplastic-induced gut dysbiosis, its associated health risks, and the benefits of using both traditional and next-generation probiotics to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganiya Umapathy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kiruthika K, Suganthi A, Johnson Thangaraj Edward YS, Anandham R, Renukadevi P, Murugan M, Bimal Kumar Sahoo, Mohammad Ikram, Kavitha PG, Jayakanthan M. Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Insecticide Residue Degradation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0. [PMID: 38819541 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are gaining global attention, especially due to their role as a probiotic. They are increasingly being used as a flavoring agent and food preservative. Besides their role in food processing, lactic acid bacteria also have a significant role in degrading insecticide residues in the environment. This review paper highlights the importance of lactic acid bacteria in degrading insecticide residues of various types, such as organochlorines, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and diamides. The paper discusses the mechanisms employed by lactic acid bacteria to degrade these insecticides, as well as their potential applications in bioremediation. The key enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria, such as phosphatase and esterase, play a vital role in breaking down insecticide molecules. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions in this field. However, more research is needed to optimize the utilization of lactic acid bacteria in insecticide residue degradation and to develop practical strategies for their implementation in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kiruthika
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Suganthi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - R Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Renukadevi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bimal Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P G Kavitha
- Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Jayakanthan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Witczak A, Mituniewicz-Małek A, Dmytrów I. Analysis of the Influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains on Changes in the Hexachlorobenzene Content in Fermented Mare Milk during Refrigerated Storage. Molecules 2024; 29:528. [PMID: 38276605 PMCID: PMC10820736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent organic pollutant that is possibly carcinogenic to humans. It is still found in the environment, humans and animals, and in foods, including milk and dairy products; (2) Methods: The influence of the probiotic cultures Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LCR and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP on the possibility of effecting the biodegradation of HCB in dairy products fermented from mare milk was investigated, taking into account the product storage time (maximum 21 days). HCB content was determined using the GC/MS method; (3) Results: A strong negative Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) was found between HCB concentration and the refrigeration storage time of the fermented beverages. The highest HCB reduction was observed in milk fermented with both Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LCR and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP (78.77%), while the lowest was noted when only Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP was used (73.79%); (4) Conclusions: This pilot study confirmed that probiotics commonly used to give products health-promoting properties can also contribute to reducing the content of undesirable substances, and the bacterial cultures used might provide an alternative method for reducing HCB residues in fermented drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Witczak
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (I.D.)
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4
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Giampaoli O, Messi M, Merlet T, Sciubba F, Canepari S, Spagnoli M, Astolfi ML. Landfill fire impact on bee health: beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with medicinal plants and probiotics in reducing oxidative stress and metal accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31561-x. [PMID: 38158534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The honey bee is an important pollinator insect susceptible to environmental contaminants. We investigated the effects of a waste fire event on elemental content, oxidative stress, and metabolic response in bees fed different nutrients (probiotics, Quassia amara, and placebo). The level of the elements was also investigated in honey and beeswax. Our data show a general increase in elemental concentrations in all bee groups after the event; however, the administration of probiotics and Quassia amara help fight oxidative stress in bees. Significantly lower concentrations of Ni, S, and U for honey in the probiotic group and a general and significant decrease in elemental concentrations for beeswax in the probiotic group and Li in the Quassia amara group were observed after the fire waste event. The comparison of the metabolic profiles through pre- and post-event PCA analyses showed that bees treated with different feeds react differently to the environmental event. The greatest differences in metabolic profiles are observed between the placebo-fed bees compared to the others. This study can help to understand how some stress factors can affect the health of bees and to take measures to protect these precious insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Messi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Merlet
- Department of Chemistry, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St, 00015, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Spagnoli
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hygiene, INAIL, via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Shehzadi A, Bibi Z, Qadeer Sarwar M, Ullah A, Rehman A, Abbas Bukhari D. Effect of probiotics on hematological parameters of male and female Wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103794. [PMID: 37811481 PMCID: PMC10550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of probiotics on the hematology of Wistar rats was examined. Locally isolated Lactobacillus plantarum MZ707748 (Pro 1), L. plantarum MZ710117 (Pro 2), Weisella confusa MZ727611 (Pro 3), and L. plantarum MZ735961 (Pro 4) were used. One strain of probiotic, L. acidophilus-14 (Pro 5), was purchased commercially. Different groups were designed as G1, G2, G3, G4, and 5, G5/PC consisting only pro 5 and NC & 0 day were untreated. Different groups have different probiotics like G1 containing Pro 1 and Pro 2, G2 comprising Pro 3 and Pro 4, G3 containing Pro 2, Pro 3 and Pro 5, G4 having Pro 1-5, and G5 containing Pro 5. A complete count of blood, serum chemistry, fecal analysis, and histopathological examination of the thymus and liver were done. Statistical differences were seen in the complete blood count parameters (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin, IL-6, and IgA (p > 0.05) except for TP, creatinine, and globulin (p < 0.05). Fecal strains of probiotic groups were antibiotic-resistant. In males, Lactobacillus helveticus OQ152020, Enterococcus lactis OQ1519891, E. faecium OQ152017, L. gasseri OQ152017, and E. lactis OQ152019 were isolated from positive control, G1, G2, G3, and G4 respectively. In females, Enterococcus sp. OP800231, Limosilactobacillus fermentum OQ151985, E. lactis OP800267, L. plantarum OP800244, and E. faecium OQ151988 were isolated from positive control, G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. It was concluded that all probiotic strains were safe to use and had beneficial effects on the hematology of Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Shehzadi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zuhra Bibi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Arif Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Resiere D, Florentin J, Kallel H, Banydeen R, Valentino R, Dramé M, Barnay JL, Gueye P, Mégarbane B, Mehdaoui H, Neviere R. Chlordecone (Kepone) poisoning in the French Territories in the Americas. Lancet 2023; 401:916. [PMID: 36933939 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dabor Resiere
- Department of Critical Care, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France; Cardiovascular EA7525 Research Team, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort-de-France, France.
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Emergency Department, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Rishika Banydeen
- Clinical Research Department, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France; Cardiovascular EA7525 Research Team, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Ruddy Valentino
- Department of Critical Care, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Clinical Research Department, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - José-Louis Barnay
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Papa Gueye
- Emergency Department, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris Cité University, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris, France
| | - Hossein Mehdaoui
- Department of Critical Care, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France; Cardiovascular EA7525 Research Team, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort-de-France, France
| | - Rémi Neviere
- Cardiology Department, CHU Martinique (University Hospital of Martinique), Fort-de-France 97261, France; Cardiovascular EA7525 Research Team, Université des Antilles (University of the French West Indies), Fort-de-France, France
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Armenova N, Tsigoriyna L, Arsov A, Petrov K, Petrova P. Microbial Detoxification of Residual Pesticides in Fermented Foods: Current Status and Prospects. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061163. [PMID: 36981090 PMCID: PMC10048192 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of agricultural areas with pesticides is an indispensable approach to improve crop yields and cannot be avoided in the coming decades. At the same time, significant amounts of pesticides remain in food and their ingestion causes serious damage such as neurological, gastrointestinal, and allergic reactions; cancer; and even death. However, during the fermentation processing of foods, residual amounts of pesticides are significantly reduced thanks to enzymatic degradation by the starter and accompanying microflora. This review concentrates on foods with the highest levels of pesticide residues, such as milk, yogurt, fermented vegetables (pickles, kimchi, and olives), fruit juices, grains, sourdough, and wines. The focus is on the molecular mechanisms of pesticide degradation due to the presence of specific microbial species. They contain a unique genetic pool that confers an appropriate enzymological profile to act as pesticide detoxifiers. The prospects of developing more effective biodetoxification strategies by engaging probiotic lactic acid bacteria are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Armenova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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Salih AHM, Patra I, Sivaraman R, Alhamzawi R, Khalikov KM, Al-qaim ZH, Golgouneh S, Jawad MA, Adhab AH, Vázquez-Cárdenas AL, Abarghouei S. The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8506738. [PMID: 36922956 PMCID: PMC10010885 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8506738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T 1 (control): no supplementation, T 2: 1 × 106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1 × 108 CFU/g LS, T 4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T 5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P < 0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramaswamy Sivaraman
- Institution of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahim Alhamzawi
- College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kakhor M. Khalikov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Sahar Golgouneh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hussein Adhab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Baharavaran Nastaran Agricultural Applied Scientific Training Center, Applied Scientific University, Qom, Iran
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Astolfi ML, Conti ME, Messi M, Marconi E. Probiotics as a promising prophylactic tool to reduce levels of toxic or potentially toxic elements in bees. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136261. [PMID: 36057357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bees are precious living beings for our planet. Thanks to their essential service of pollination, these insects allow the maintenance of biodiversity and the variety and amount of food available. Unfortunately, we are observing an increasingly devastating reduction of bee families and other pollinating insects for factors related to human activities, environmental pollution, diseases and parasites, compromise of natural habitats, and climate change. We show that probiotics can protect bees from element pollution. We collected bees, beeswax, honey, pollen, and propolis directly from hives in a rural area of central Italy to investigate the content of 41 elements in control (not supplemented with probiotics) and experimental (supplemented with probiotics) groups. Our data show a significantly lower concentration of some elements (Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Pb, Sn, Tl, and U) in experimental bees than in control groups, indicating a possible beneficial effect of probiotics in reducing the absorption of chemicals. This study presents the first data on element levels after probiotics have been fed to bees and provides the basis for future research in several activities relating to the environment, agriculture, economy, territory, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; CIABC, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Messi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marconi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Human supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 decreases heavy metals levels through modifying the gut microbiota and metabolome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:63. [PMID: 35974020 PMCID: PMC9381558 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals (HMs) is a threat to human health. Although probiotics can detoxify HMs in animals, their effectiveness and mechanism of action in humans have not been studied well. Therefore, we conducted this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial on 152 occupational workers from the metal industry, an at-risk human population, to explore the effectiveness of probiotic yogurt in reducing HM levels. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one consumed probiotic yogurt containing the HM-resistant strain Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 and the other consumed conventional yogurt for 12 weeks. Analysis of metal contents in the blood revealed that the consumption of probiotic yogurt resulted in a higher and faster decrease in copper (34.45%) and nickel (38.34%) levels in the blood than the consumption of conventional yogurt (16.41% and 27.57%, respectively). Metagenomic and metabolomic studies identified a close correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and host metabolism. Significantly enriched members of Blautia and Bifidobacterium correlated positively with the antioxidant capacities of GM and host. Further murine experiments confirmed the essential role of GM and protective effect of GR-1 on the antioxidative role of the intestine against copper. Thus, the use of probiotic yogurt may be an effective and affordable approach for combating toxic metal exposure through the protection of indigenous GM in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2100053222
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Petrova P, Arsov A, Tsvetanova F, Parvanova-Mancheva T, Vasileva E, Tsigoriyna L, Petrov K. The Complex Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Detoxification. Nutrients 2022; 14:2038. [PMID: 35631179 PMCID: PMC9147554 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic ingredients in food can lead to serious food-related diseases. Such compounds are bacterial toxins (Shiga-toxin, listeriolysin, Botulinum toxin), mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin), pesticides of different classes (organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids), heavy metals, and natural antinutrients such as phytates, oxalates, and cyanide-generating glycosides. The generally regarded safe (GRAS) status and long history of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as essential ingredients of fermented foods and probiotics make them a major biological tool against a great variety of food-related toxins. This state-of-the-art review aims to summarize and discuss the data revealing the involvement of LAB in the detoxification of foods from hazardous agents of microbial and chemical nature. It is focused on the specific properties that allow LAB to counteract toxins and destroy them, as well as on the mechanisms of microbial antagonism toward toxigenic producers. Toxins of microbial origin are either adsorbed or degraded, toxic chemicals are hydrolyzed and then used as a carbon source, while heavy metals are bound and accumulated. Based on these comprehensive data, the prospects for developing new combinations of probiotic starters for food detoxification are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Flora Tsvetanova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (F.T.); (T.P.-M.); (E.V.); (L.T.)
| | - Tsvetomila Parvanova-Mancheva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (F.T.); (T.P.-M.); (E.V.); (L.T.)
| | - Evgenia Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (F.T.); (T.P.-M.); (E.V.); (L.T.)
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (F.T.); (T.P.-M.); (E.V.); (L.T.)
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (F.T.); (T.P.-M.); (E.V.); (L.T.)
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Functional Properties and Antimicrobial Activity from Lactic Acid Bacteria as Resources to Improve the Health and Welfare of Honey Bees. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030308. [PMID: 35323606 PMCID: PMC8953987 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Honey bees play a pivotal role in the sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity. Many factors including parasites, pathogens, pesticide residues, forage losses, and poor nutrition have been proposed to explain honey bee colony losses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of honey bees and their role has been consistently reported in the literature. In recent years, there have been numerous scientific evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in honey bee health. Management strategies, based on supplementation of the gut microbiota with probiotics, may be important to increase stress tolerance and disease resistance. In this review, recent scientific advances on the use of LABs as microbial supplements in the diet of honey bees are summarized and discussed. Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are agriculturally important pollinators. Over the past decades, significant losses of wild and domestic bees have been reported in many parts of the world. Several biotic and abiotic factors, such as change in land use over time, intensive land management, use of pesticides, climate change, beekeeper’s management practices, lack of forage (nectar and pollen), and infection by parasites and pathogens, negatively affect the honey bee’s well-being and survival. The gut microbiota is important for honey bee growth and development, immune function, protection against pathogen invasion; moreover, a well-balanced microbiota is fundamental to support honey bee health and vigor. In fact, the structure of the bee’s intestinal bacterial community can become an indicator of the honey bee’s health status. Lactic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of many insects, and their presence in the honey bee intestinal tract has been consistently reported in the literature. In the first section of this review, recent scientific advances in the use of LABs as probiotic supplements in the diet of honey bees are summarized and discussed. The second section discusses some of the mechanisms by which LABs carry out their antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Afterward, individual paragraphs are dedicated to Chalkbrood, American foulbrood, European foulbrood, Nosemosis, and Varroosis as well as to the potentiality of LABs for their biological control.
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Weber AM, Baxter BA, McClung A, Lamb MM, Becker-Dreps S, Vilchez S, Koita O, Wieringa F, Ryan EP. Arsenic speciation in rice bran: Agronomic practices, postharvest fermentation, and human health risk assessment across the lifespan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117962. [PMID: 34418860 PMCID: PMC8556161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure is a global public health concern affecting millions worldwide and stems from drinking water and foods containing As. Here, we assessed how agronomic practices and postharvest fermentation techniques influence As concentrations in rice bran, and calculated health risks from consumption. A global suite of 53 rice brans were tested for total As and speciation. Targeted quantification of inorganic As (iAs) concentrations in rice bran were used to calculate Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) across the lifespan. Mean iAs was highest in Thailand rice bran samples (0.619 mg kg-1) and lowest in Guatemala (0.017 mg kg-1) rice bran samples. When comparing monosodium-methanearsonate (MSMA) treated and the Native-soil counterpart under the irrigation technique Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) management, the MSMA treatment had significantly higher total As (p = 0.022), and iAs (p = 0.016). No significant differences in As concentrations were found between conventional and organic production, nor between fermented and non-fermented rice bran. Health risk assessment calculations for the highest iAs-rice bran dosage scenario for adults, children and infants exceeded THQ and LCR thresholds, and LCR was above threshold for median iAs-rice bran. This environmental exposure investigation into rice bran provides novel information with food safety guidance for an emerging global ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7595, USA
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Frank Wieringa
- Alimentation, Nutrition, Santé (E6), UMR95 QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Malathion Biodegradation by L. casei (NRRL1922) and L. acidophilus (NRRL 23431) in Fermented Skimmed Milk. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and trace the biodegradation products of the pesticide malathion in a comparative manner by two different lactobacilli strains; L. casei (NRRL1922) and L. acidophilus (NRRL 23431). The two strains were cultivated separately into skimmed milk supplemented with 5 ng/ml malathion. After incubation under the appropriate conditions, randomized samples were taken at intervals 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours along with control samples and analyzed for the presence of malathion and its degradation products by the GC-MS spectrometry; As well as, analyzed to record the level of phosphatase enzyme which suggested to be involved in the biodegradation process. The results showed a high ability of the two tested strains to degrade malathion with a superiority of L. acidophilus (NRRL 23431) over L. casei (NRRL 1922). The level of phosphatase enzyme was elevated in both strains in the presence of malathion and decreased gradually upon the depletion of malathion from the sample, which reflects the role of the phosphatase enzyme in the biodegradation process.
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15
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16
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Średnicka P, Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Wójcicki M, Akimowicz M, Roszko MŁ. Probiotics as a biological detoxification tool of food chemical contamination: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112306. [PMID: 34058235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, people are exposed to diverse environmental and chemical pollutants produced by industry and agriculture. Food contaminations such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, and mycotoxins are a serious concern for global food safety with economic and public health implications especially in the newly industrialized countries (NIC). Mounting evidence indicates that chronic exposure to food contaminants referred to as xenobiotics exert a negative effect on human health such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal disorders linked with perturbation of the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microflora. Although the physicochemical technologies for food decontamination are utilized in many cases but require adequate conditions which are often not feasible to be met in many industrial sectors. At present, one promising approach to reduce the risk related to the presence of xenobiotics in foodstuffs is a biological detoxification done by probiotic strains and their enzymes. Many studies confirmed that probiotics are an effective, feasible, and inexpensive tool for preventing xenobiotic-induced dysbiosis and alleviating their toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the direct mechanisms by which probiotics can influence the detoxification of xenobiotics. Moreover, probiotic-xenobiotic interactions with the gut microbiota and the host response were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Akimowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ł Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Langlois L, Akhtar N, Tam KC, Dixon B, Reid G. Fishing for the right probiotic: Host-microbe interactions at the interface of effective aquaculture strategies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6284803. [PMID: 34037775 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective aquaculture management strategies are paramount to global food security. Growing demands stimulate the intensification of production and create the need for practices that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Importantly, pathogenic microbes continue to be detrimental to fish growth and survival. In terms of host health, the intestinal mucosa and its associated consortium of microbes have a critical role in modulating fitness and present an attractive opportunity to promote health at this interface. In light of this, the administration of probiotic microorganisms is being considered as a means to restore and sustain health in fish. Current evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains might be able to augment immunity, enhance growth rate, and protect against infection in salmonids, the most economically important family of farmed finfish. This review affirms the relevance of host-microbe interactions in salmonids in light of emerging evidence, with an emphasis on intestinal health. In addition, the current understanding of the mode of action of probiotics in salmonid fish is discussed, along with delivery systems that can effectively carry the living microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Langlois
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care London, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kwoji ID, Aiyegoro OA, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. Multi-Strain Probiotics: Synergy among Isolates Enhances Biological Activities. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:322. [PMID: 33924344 PMCID: PMC8070017 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics for health benefits is becoming popular because of the quest for safer products with protective and therapeutic effects against diseases and infectious agents. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens had prompted restrictions over the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion, especially in animal husbandry. While single-strain probiotics are beneficial to health, multi-strain probiotics might be more helpful because of synergy and additive effects among the individual isolates. This article documents the mechanisms by which multi-strain probiotics exert their effects in managing infectious and non-infectious diseases, inhibiting antibiotic-resistant pathogens and health improvement. The administration of multi-strain probiotics was revealed to effectively alleviate bowel tract conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inhibition of pathogens and modulation of the immune system and gut microbiota. Finally, while most of the current research focuses on comparing the effects of multi-strain and single-strain probiotics, there is a dearth of information on the molecular mechanisms of synergy among multi-strain probiotics isolates. This forms a basis for future research in the development of multi-strain probiotics for enhanced health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya D. Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Olayinka A. Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene 0062, South Africa;
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthew A. Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Battista N, Prete R, Corsetti A. Health-Promoting Role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from Fermented Foods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:349. [PMID: 33578806 PMCID: PMC7916596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation processes have been used for centuries for food production and preservation. Besides the contribution of fermentation to food quality, recently, scientific interest in the beneficial nature of fermented foods as a reservoir of probiotic candidates is increasing. Fermented food microbes are gaining attention for their health-promoting potential and for being genetically related to human probiotic bacteria. Among them, Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum strains, with a long history in the food industry as starter cultures in the production of a wide variety of fermented foods, are being investigated for their beneficial properties which are similar to those of probiotic strains, and they are also applied in clinical interventions. Food-associated Lpb. plantarum showed a good adaptation and adhesion ability in the gastro-intestinal tract and the potential to affect host health through various beneficial activities, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, in several in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of fermented-associated Lpb. plantarum health benefits with evidence from clinical studies. Probiotic criteria that fermented-associated microbes need to fulfil are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.G.-G.); (N.B.); (A.C.)
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20
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Klammsteiner T, Walter A, Bogataj T, Heussler CD, Stres B, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Insam H. Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619112. [PMID: 33552039 PMCID: PMC7858275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Canteens represent an essential food supply hub for educational institutions, companies, and business parks. Many people in these locations rely on a guaranteed service with consistent quality. It is an ongoing challenge to satisfy the demand for sufficient serving numbers, portion sizes, and menu variations to cover food intolerances and different palates of customers. However, overestimating this demand or fluctuating quality of dishes leads to an inevitable loss of unconsumed food due to leftovers. In this study, the food waste fraction of canteen leftovers was identified as an optimal diet for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae based on 50% higher consumption and 15% higher waste reduction indices compared with control chicken feed diet. Although the digestibility of food waste was nearly twice as high, the conversion efficiency of ingested and digested chicken feed remains unparalleled (17.9 ± 0.6 and 37.5 ± 0.9 in CFD and 7.9 ± 0.9 and 9.6 ± 1.0 in FWD, respectively). The oil separator waste fraction, however, inhibited biomass gain by at least 85% and ultimately led to a larval mortality of up to 96%. In addition to monitoring larval development, we characterized physicochemical properties of pre- and post-process food waste substrates. High-throughput amplicon sequencing identified Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota as the most abundant phyla, and Morganella, Acinetobacter, and certain Lactobacillales species were identified as indicator species. By using metagenome imputation, we additionally gained insights into the functional spectrum of gut microbial communities. We anticipate that the results will contribute to the development of decentralized waste-management sites that make use of larvae to process food waste as it has become common practice for biogas plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Walter
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, MCI – The Entrepreneurial School, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tajda Bogataj
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina D. Heussler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Blaž Stres
- Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Heribert Insam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Abu Zeid EH, El Sharkawy NI, Moustafa GG, Anwer AM, Al Nady AG. The palliative effect of camel milk on hepatic CYP1A1 gene expression and DNA damage induced by fenpropathrin oral intoxication in male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111296. [PMID: 32949931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the alleviating role of camel milk (CM) in the mitigation of fenpropathrin (FNP) type II pyrethroid induced oxidative stress, alterations of hepatic (CYP1A1) mRNA expression pattern, and DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay (SCGE) in male rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into six groups (n = 10): 1st control (C), 2nd corn oil (CO), 3rd (CM): gavaged CM 2ml/rat, 4th (FNP): gavaged FNP 7.09 mg/kg body weight (BW), 5th (FNP pro/co-treated): gavaged CM firstly for 15 days, then CM + FNP by the same mentioned doses and route, 6th (FNP + CM co-treated): gavaged FNP firstly followed by CM by the same mentioned doses and route. Rats were orally gavaged three times per week, day after day for 60 days. FNP exposure significantly reduced serum glutathione (GSH) levels, but significantly increased serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and 8hydroxy2deoxyguanosine (8OH2dG). Additionally, FNP exposure significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of hepatic CYP1A1 and increased the SCGE indices in whole blood, liver, and spleen tissues of exposed male rats. Administration of CM significantly regulated the FNP induced oxidative stress, reduced hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA expression levels and values of comet assay indices particularly in the (CM + FNP pro/co-treated) group compared to the (FNP + CM co-treated) group. In conclusion, our results indicate, for the first time, that FNP retains an in vivo genotoxic potential at a dose of (1/10 LD50) and up-regulated hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA expression in male rats. Additionally, CM supplements may improve the genotoxic outcomes, oxidative stress, and altered CYP1A1 mRNA expression induced by FNP particularly in the pro/concurrent-treatment compared to the concurrent treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan H Abu Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Anwer
- Head Researcher of Immunity in Animal Reproduction Research Institute. Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Al Nady
- Veterinarian at the Central Administration of Veterinary Quarantine and Examinations, Egypt
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Mohammadi M, Shadnoush M, Sohrabvandi S, Yousefi M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Probiotics as potential detoxification tools for mitigation of pesticides: a mini review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt) Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt) Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Amir M. Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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23
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Potocki L, Baran A, Oklejewicz B, Szpyrka E, Podbielska M, Schwarzbacherová V. Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080848. [PMID: 32722318 PMCID: PMC7463770 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of triazole fungicide Tango® (epoxiconazole) and two neonicotinoid insecticide formulations Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and Calypso® (thiacloprid) were investigated in Candida albicans and three non-albicans species Candida pulcherrima, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis to assess the range of morphological, metabolic and genetic changes after their exposure to pesticides. Moreover, the bioavailability of pesticides, which gives us information about their metabolization was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The tested pesticides caused differences between the cells of the same species in the studied populations in response to ROS accumulation, the level of DNA damage, changes in fatty acids (FAs) and phospholipid profiles, change in the percentage of unsaturated to saturated FAs or the ability to biofilm. In addition, for the first time, the effect of tested neonicotinoid insecticides on the change of metabolic profile of colony cells during aging was demonstrated. Our data suggest that widely used pesticides, including insecticides, may increase cellular diversity in the Candida species population-known as clonal heterogeneity-and thus play an important role in acquiring resistance to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Potocki
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (B.O.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (V.S.); Tel.: +48-17-851-85-78 (L.P.); +421-905-642-367 (V.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Baran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (B.O.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Bernadetta Oklejewicz
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (B.O.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ewa Szpyrka
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (B.O.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Podbielska
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (B.O.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Viera Schwarzbacherová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (V.S.); Tel.: +48-17-851-85-78 (L.P.); +421-905-642-367 (V.S.)
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Badr AM. Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26036-26057. [PMID: 32399888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides toxicity is still considered a major global health problem. Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphates nowadays, as being considered to possess relatively low toxicity compared with other organophosphates. However, widespread use may lead to excessive exposure from multiple sources. Mechanisms of MAL toxicity include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, change of oxidants/antioxidants balance, DNA damage, and facilitation of apoptotic cell damage. Exposure to malathion has been associated with different toxicities that nearly affect every single organ in our bodies, with CNS toxicity being the most well documented. Malathion toxic effects on liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, lung, pancreas, and blood were also reported. Moreover, malathion was considered as a genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical compound. Evidence exists for adverse effects associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure in both animals and humans. This review summarizes the toxic data available about malathion in mammals and discusses new potential therapeutic modalities, with the aim to highlight the importance of increasing awareness about its potential risk and reevaluation of the allowed daily exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
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López-Moreno A, Suárez A, Avanzi C, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1921. [PMID: 32610476 PMCID: PMC7400323 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health threat worldwide. Administration of probiotics in obesity has also parallelly increased but without any protocolization. We conducted a systematic review exploring the administration pattern of probiotic strains and effective doses for obesity-related disorders according to their capacity of positively modulating key biomarkers and microbiota dysbiosis. Manuscripts targeting probiotic strains and doses administered for obesity-related disorders in clinical studies were sought. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using keywords during the last fifteen years up to April 2020. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and then full-text papers against inclusion criteria according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. From 549 interventional reports identified, we filtered 171 eligible studies, from which 24 full-text assays were used for calculating intervention total doses (ITD) of specific species and strains administered. Nine of these reports were excluded in the second-step because no specific data on gut microbiota modulation was found. Six clinical trials (CT) and 9 animal clinical studies were retained for analysis of complete outcome prioritized (body mass index (BMI), adiposity parameters, glucose, and plasma lipid biomarkers, and gut hormones). Lactobacillus spp. administered were double compared to Bifidobacterium spp.; Lactobacillus as single or multispecies formulations whereas most Bifidobacteria only through multispecies supplementations. Differential factors were estimated from obese populations' vs. obesity-induced animals: ITD ratio of 2 × 106 CFU and patterns of administrations of 11.3 weeks to 5.5 weeks, respectively. Estimation of overall probiotics impact from selected CT was performed through a random-effects model to pool effect sizes. Comparisons showed a positive association between the probiotics group vs. placebo on the reduction of BMI, total cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin. Moreover, negative estimation appeared for glucose (FPG) and CRP. While clinical trials including data for positive modulatory microbiota capacities suggested that high doses of common single and multispecies of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ameliorated key obesity-related parameters, the major limitation was the high variability between studies and lack of standardized protocols. Efforts in solving this problem and searching for next-generation probiotics for obesity-related diseases would highly improve the rational use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (M.M.-S.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Camila Avanzi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (M.M.-S.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.A.); (M.M.-S.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18012 Granada, Spain
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Daisley BA, Pitek AP, Chmiel JA, Al KF, Chernyshova AM, Faragalla KM, Burton JP, Thompson GJ, Reid G. Novel probiotic approach to counter Paenibacillus larvae infection in honey bees. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:476-491. [PMID: 31664160 PMCID: PMC6976702 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
American foulbrood (AFB) is a highly virulent disease afflicting honey bees (Apis mellifera). The causative organism, Paenibacillus larvae, attacks honey bee brood and renders entire hives dysfunctional during active disease states, but more commonly resides in hives asymptomatically as inactive spores that elude even vigilant beekeepers. The mechanism of this pathogenic transition is not fully understood, and no cure exists for AFB. Here, we evaluated how hive supplementation with probiotic lactobacilli (delivered through a nutrient patty; BioPatty) affected colony resistance towards a naturally occurring AFB outbreak. Results demonstrated a significantly lower pathogen load and proteolytic activity of honey bee larvae from BioPatty-treated hives. Interestingly, a distinctive shift in the microbiota composition of adult nurse bees occurred irrespective of treatment group during the monitoring period, but only vehicle-supplemented nurse bees exhibited higher P. larvae loads. In vitro experiments utilizing laboratory-reared honey bee larvae showed Lactobacillus plantarum Lp39, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus kunkeei BR-1 (contained in the BioPatty) could reduce pathogen load, upregulate expression of key immune genes, and improve survival during P. larvae infection. These findings suggest the usage of a lactobacilli-containing hive supplement, which is practical and affordable for beekeepers, may be effective for reducing enzootic pathogen-related hive losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A Daisley
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew P Pitek
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John A Chmiel
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anna M Chernyshova
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy P Burton
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Graham J Thompson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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27
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Perugini M, Merola C, Battista N, Corsetti A. Probiotic antigenotoxic activity as a DNA bioprotective tool: a minireview with focus on endocrine disruptors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:fnaa041. [PMID: 32124914 PMCID: PMC7082702 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the role of dietary components able to influence the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, to modulate the risk of genotoxicity and colon cancer is increasing in the scientific community. Within this topic, the microbial ability to have a protective role at gastrointestinal level by counteracting the biological activity of genotoxic compounds, and thus preventing the DNA damage, is deemed important in reducing gut pathologies and is considered a new tool for probiotics and functional foods. A variety of genotoxic compounds can be found in the gut and, besides food-related mutagens and other DNA-reacting compounds, there is a group of pollutants commonly used in food packaging and/or in thousands of everyday products called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are exogenous substances that alter the functions of the endocrine system through estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity, which interfere with normal hormonal function in human and wildlife. Thus, this paper summarizes the main applications of probiotics, mainly lactobacilli, as a bio-protective tool to counteract genotoxic and mutagenic agents, by biologically inhibiting the related DNA damage in the gut and highlights the emerging perspectives to enlarge and further investigate the microbial bio-protective role at intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Astolfi ML, Protano C, Schiavi E, Marconi E, Capobianco D, Massimi L, Ristorini M, Baldassarre ME, Laforgia N, Vitali M, Canepari S, Mastromarino P. A prophylactic multi-strain probiotic treatment to reduce the absorption of toxic elements: In-vitro study and biomonitoring of breast milk and infant stools. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104818. [PMID: 31279184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potential exposure to toxic elements initially occurs during gestation and after birth via breast milk, which is the principal source of nutrients for infants during the first months of life. In this study, we evaluated whether maternal oral supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic product can protect infants from exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) via breast milk. In-vitro studies of the bacterial strains present in this probiotic product showed a high bacterial tolerance for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, and good binding capacity for Cd, Hg, and Pb (72%, 81%, and 64%, respectively) within 1 h of contact. We evaluated concentrations (5 mg L-1 for Cd and Pb, and 2 mg L-1 for Hg) that largely exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake of these toxic elements via food or water applicable for human consumption. Changes in the levels of these elements in breast milk and newborn stools were evaluated in the control (orally supplemented with placebo) and experimental (orally supplemented with probiotic) groups at birth (t0), 15 days (t15), and 30 days (t30) after delivery. Elemental analysis of breast milk did not show significant differences between the control and experimental groups at different stages of lactation; however, stool samples obtained from newborns of mothers supplemented with the probiotic product showed that Cd levels were significantly reduced (by 26%) at t15 compared with the levels of the controls. Our data did not show an association between concentration of toxic elements in breast milk and that in newborn stools. Indeed, the concentration of Cd, Hg, and Pb in breast milk decreased during the lactation period, whereas the levels of these elements in newborn stools were stable over time. Although our in-vitro data indicate that the consortium of these probiotic strains can absorb toxic compounds, this study was limited by its small sample size and potential uncontrolled confounding effects, such as maternal diet and lifestyle. Therefore, we could not confirm whether prophylactic use of this probiotic product can reduce the absorption of toxic elements. The risk assessment in the studied population evidenced a margin of exposure (MOE) of 1, or between 1 and 10 for Pb, and lower than 50 for As. This poses a potential risk for breastfed infants, indicating that interventions aimed to avoid breastfeeding-related health risks remain a major challenge in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Capobianco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Ristorini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Zhang BB, Liu YM, Hu AL, Xu SF, Fan LD, Cheng ML, Li C, Wei LX, Liu J. HgS and Zuotai differ from HgCl 2 and methyl mercury in intestinal Hg absorption, transporter expression and gut microbiome in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114615. [PMID: 31175882 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is generally considered as a toxic metal; yet the biological outcomes of Hg-containing compounds are highly dependent upon their chemical forms. We hypothesize that mercury sulfide (HgS) is different from HgCl2 and methylmercury (MeHg) in producing intestinal Hg absorption and disruption of gut microbiome. To test this hypothesis, mice were given orally with HgS (α-HgS, 30 mg/kg), Zuotai (β-HgS, 30 mg/kg), HgCl2 (33.6 mg/kg, equivalent Hg as HgS), or MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, 1/10 Hg as HgS) for 7 days. Accumulation of Hg in the duodenum and ileum after HgCl2 (30-40 fold) and MeHg (10-15 fold) was higher than HgS and Zuotai (~2-fold). HgCl2 and MeHg decreased intestinal intake peptide transporter-1 and Ost-β, and increased ileal bile acid binding protein and equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1. The efflux transporters ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member-4 (Abcc4), Abcg2, Abcg5/8, and Abcb1b were increased by HgCl2 and to a lesser extent by MeHg, while HgS and Zuotai had minimal effects. Bacterial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) results showed that among the 10 phyla, HgS increased Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, while HgCl2 increased Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and decreased Firmicutes; among the 79 families, HgS increased Rikenellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Helicobacteraceae, and decreased Prevotellaceae, while HgCl2 increased Odoribacteraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and decreased Lactobacillaceae; among the 232 genus/species, HgS and Zuotai affected gut microbiome quite differently from HgCl2 and MeHg. qPCR analysis with 16S rRNA confirmed sequencing results. Thus, chemical forms of mercury are a major determinant for intestinal Hg accumulation, alterations in transporters and disruption of microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Zhang
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - An-Ling Hu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Li-Da Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ming-Liang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Cen Li
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Kaur S, Singla N, Dhawan DK. Neuro-protective potential of quercetin during chlorpyrifos induced neurotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 42:220-230. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1569022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - D. K. Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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The Intestinal Microbiota of Hermetia illucens Larvae Is Affected by Diet and Shows a Diverse Composition in the Different Midgut Regions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01864-18. [PMID: 30504212 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01864-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The larva of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has emerged as an efficient system for the bioconversion of organic waste. Although many research efforts are devoted to the optimization of rearing conditions to increase the yield of the bioconversion process, microbiological aspects related to this insect are still neglected. Here, we describe the microbiota of the midgut of H. illucens larvae, showing the effect of different diets and midgut regions in shaping microbial load and diversity. The bacterial communities residing in the three parts of the midgut, characterized by remarkable changes in luminal pH values, differed in terms of bacterial numbers and microbiota composition. The microbiota of the anterior part of the midgut showed the highest diversity, which gradually decreased along the midgut, whereas bacterial load had an opposite trend, being maximal in the posterior region. The results also showed that the influence of the microbial content of ingested food was limited to the anterior part of the midgut, and that the feeding activity of H. illucens larvae did not significantly affect the microbiota of the substrate. Moreover, a high protein content compared to other macronutrients in the feeding substrate seemed to favor midgut dysbiosis. The overall data indicate the importance of taking into account the presence of different midgut structural and functional domains, as well as the substrate microbiota, in any further study that aims at clarifying microbiological aspects concerning H. illucens larval midgut.IMPORTANCE The demand for food of animal origin is expected to increase by 2050. Since traditional protein sources for monogastric diets are failing to meet the increasing demand for additional feed production, there is an urgent need to find alternative protein sources. The larvae of Hermetia illucens emerge as efficient converters of low-quality biomass into nutritionally valuable proteins. Many studies have been performed to optimize H. illucens mass rearing on a number of organic substrates and to quantitatively and qualitatively maximize the biomass yield. On the contrary, although the insect microbiota can be fundamental for bioconversion processes and its characterization is mandatory also for safety aspects, this topic is largely overlooked. Here, we provide an in-depth study of the microbiota of H. illucens larval midgut, taking into account pivotal aspects, such as the midgut spatial and functional regionalization, as well as microbiota and nutrient composition of the feeding substrate.
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George F, Daniel C, Thomas M, Singer E, Guilbaud A, Tessier FJ, Revol-Junelles AM, Borges F, Foligné B. Occurrence and Dynamism of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Distinct Ecological Niches: A Multifaceted Functional Health Perspective. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2899. [PMID: 30538693 PMCID: PMC6277688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are representative members of multiple ecosystems on earth, displaying dynamic interactions within animal and plant kingdoms in respect with other microbes. This highly heterogeneous phylogenetic group has coevolved with plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, establishing either mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, or even parasitism-like behavior with their hosts. Depending on their location and environment conditions, LAB can be dominant or sometimes in minority within ecosystems. Whatever their origins and relative abundance in specific anatomic sites, LAB exhibit multifaceted ecological and functional properties. While some resident LAB permanently inhabit distinct animal mucosal cavities, others are provided by food and may transiently occupy the gastrointestinal tract. It is admitted that the overall gut microbiome has a deep impact on health and diseases. Here, we examined the presence and the physiological role of LAB in the healthy human and several animal microbiome. Moreover, we also highlighted some dysbiotic states and related consequences for health, considering both the resident and the so-called "transionts" microorganisms. Whether LAB-related health effects act collectively or follow a strain-specificity dogma is also addressed. Besides the highly suggested contribution of LAB to interplay with immune, metabolic, and even brain-axis regulation, the possible involvement of LAB in xenobiotic detoxification processes and metal equilibrium is also tackled. Recent technological developments such as functional metagenomics, metabolomics, high-content screening and design in vitro and in vivo experimental models now open new horizons for LAB as markers applied for disease diagnosis, susceptibility, and follow-up. Moreover, identification of general and more specific molecular mechanisms based on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties of LAB currently extends their selection and promising use, either as probiotics, in traditional and functional foods, for dedicated treatments and mostly for maintenance of normobiosis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny George
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisabeth Singer
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Axel Guilbaud
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric J. Tessier
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Revol-Junelles
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Borges
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Benoît Foligné
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
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Li C, Ma Y, Mi Z, Huo R, Zhou T, Hai H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang H. Screening for Lactobacillus plantarum Strains That Possess Organophosphorus Pesticide-Degrading Activity and Metabolomic Analysis of Phorate Degradation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2048. [PMID: 30233531 PMCID: PMC6130228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work performed a large scale assessment for organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) degradation activity of 121 Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains. Six L. plantarum strains (P9, IMAU80110, IMAU40100, IMAU10585, IMAU10209, and IMAU80070) were found to possess high capacity of degrading three commonly used OPPs, namely dimethoate, phorate, and omethoate; and they were selected for more detailed characterization. Moreover, the three OPPs were mainly detected in the culture supernatants but not in the cell extracts, further confirming that the OPPs were degraded rather than absorbed by the cells. Among the six selected strains, P9 was most tolerant to gastrointestinal juices and bile. We thus used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electron spray ionization coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF/MS) to generate the metabolomic profiles of the strain P9 growing in MRS medium with and without containing phorate. By using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified some potential phorate-derived degradative products. This work has identified novel lactic acid bacteria resources for application in pesticide degradation. Our results also shed light on the phorate degradation mechanism by L. plantarum P9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yuzhu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Rui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Huricha Hai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lai-yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Hoen AG, Madan JC, Li Z, Coker M, Lundgren SN, Morrison HG, Palys T, Jackson BP, Sogin ML, Cottingham KL, Karagas MR. Sex-specific associations of infants' gut microbiome with arsenic exposure in a US population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12627. [PMID: 30135504 PMCID: PMC6105615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with antimicrobial properties that can be found in food and drinking water. The influence of arsenic exposure on the composition of the human microbiome in US populations remains unknown, particularly during the vulnerable infant period. We investigated the relationship between arsenic exposure and gut microbiome composition in 204 infants prospectively followed as part of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Infant urine was analyzed for total arsenic concentration using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Stool microbiome composition was determined using sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Infant urinary arsenic related to gut microbiome composition at 6 weeks of life (p = 0.05, adjusted for infant feeding type and urine specific gravity). Eight genera, six within the phylum Firmicutes, were enriched with higher arsenic exposure. Fifteen genera were negatively associated with urinary arsenic concentration, including Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Upon stratification by both sex and feeding method, we found detectable associations among formula-fed males (p = 0.008), but not other groups (p > 0.05 for formula-fed females and for breastfed males and females). Our findings from a US population indicate that even moderate arsenic exposure may have meaningful, sex-specific effects on the gut microbiome during a critical window of infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
- Children's Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Juliette C Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children's Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Modupe Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sara N Lundgren
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Palys
- Children's Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mitchell L Sogin
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Cottingham
- Children's Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children's Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Exposure to Arsenite in CD-1 Mice during Juvenile and Adult Stages: Effects on Intestinal Microbiota and Gut-Associated Immune Status. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01418-18. [PMID: 30108172 PMCID: PMC6094480 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01418-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota composition and gut-associated immune response can contribute to the toxicity of arsenic. We investigated the potential toxicity of short-term arsenic exposure on gut microbiome composition, intestinal immune status, microbial arsenic resistance gene, and arsenic metabolic profiles in adult and developmental stages of CD-1 mice. The potential toxicity of arsenite [As(III)] was determined for two life stages: (i) adult animals at 24 or 48 h after single gavage (0.05 mg/kg body weight [b.w.] [low dose], 0.1 mg/kg b.w. [medium dose], and 0.2 mg/kg b.w. [high dose]) and repeated exposure at 1 mg/liter for 8 days and (ii) postnatal day 10 (PND10) and PND21 after single gavage (0.05 mg/kg b.w.). Dose- and time-dependent responses in bacterial recovery/microbial composition were observed in adults after a single gavage. Repeated exposure caused a transient decrease in the recovery of intestinal bacteria, a shift in the bacterial population with abundance of arsenic resistance genes, and evidence for host metabolism of arsenite into less-reactive trivalent methylated species. Arsenic exposure in adult animals induced high levels of CC chemokines and of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in intestine. Arsenic exposure at PND21 resulted in the development of distinct bacterial populations. Results of this study highlight significant changes in the intestinal microbiome and gut-associated immune status during a single or repeated exposure to arsenic in juvenile and adult animals. The data warrant investigation of the long-term effects of oral arsenic exposure on the microbiome and of immune system development and responses.IMPORTANCE Transformation of organic arsenic to toxic inorganic arsenic (iAs) is likely carried out by intestinal bacteria, and iAs may alter the viability of certain microbial populations. This study addressed the impact of arsenic exposure on intestinal microbiota diversity and host gut-associated immune mediators during early development or adulthood using scenarios of acute or repeated doses. During acute arsenic exposure, animals developed defense functions characterized by higher abundances of bacteria that are involved in arsenic resistance or detoxification mechanisms. Arsenite had a negative effect on the abundance of bacterial species that are involved in the conversion of protein to butyrate, which is an alternative energy source in the intestine. The intestinal mucosal immune cytokine profile reflected a mechanism of protection from arsenic toxicity.
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Ishii M, Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K. Estimation of lactic acid bacterial cell number by DNA quantification. Drug Discov Ther 2018; 12:88-91. [PMID: 29760341 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2018.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are provided by fermented foods, beverages, medicines, and supplements. Because the beneficial effects of medicines and supplements containing functional lactic acid bacteria are related to the bacterial cell number, it is important to establish a simple method for estimating the total number of lactic acid bacterial cells in the products for quality control. Almost all of the lactic acid bacteria in the products are dead, however, making it difficult to estimate the total number of lactic acid bacterial cells in the products using a standard colony-counting method. Here we estimated the total lactic acid bacterial cell number in samples containing dead bacteria by quantifying the DNA. The number of viable Enterococcus faecalis 0831-07 cells decreased to less than 1 × 10-8 by 15 min of heat treatment at 80°C. The amount of extracted DNA from heat-treated cells was 78% that of non-heated cells. The number of viable Lactobacillus paraplantarum 11-1 cells decreased to 1 × 10-4 after 4 days culture. The amount of extracted DNA of the long-cultured cells, however, was maintained at 97%. These results suggest that cell number of lactic acid bacteria killed by heat-treatment or long-term culture can be estimated by DNA quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co., Ltd.,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology
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Microbiota-Mediated Modulation of Organophosphate Insecticide Toxicity by Species-Dependent Interactions with Lactobacilli in a Drosophila melanogaster Insect Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02820-17. [PMID: 29475860 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02820-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the benefits to the global food supply and agricultural economies, pesticides are believed to pose a threat to the health of both humans and wildlife. Chlorpyrifos (CP), a commonly used organophosphate insecticide, has poor target specificity and causes acute neurotoxicity in a wide range of species via the suppression of acetylcholinesterase. This effect is exacerbated 10- to 100-fold by chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO), a principal metabolite of CP. Since many animal-associated symbiont microorganisms are known to hydrolyze CP into CPO, we used a Drosophila melanogaster insect model to investigate the hypothesis that indigenous and probiotic bacteria could affect CP metabolism and toxicity. Antibiotic-treated and germfree D. melanogaster insects lived significantly longer than their conventionally reared counterparts when exposed to 10 μM CP. Drosophila melanogaster gut-derived Lactobacillus plantarum, but not Acetobacterindonesiensis, was shown to metabolize CP. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry confirmed that the L. plantarum isolate preferentially metabolized CP into CPO when grown in CP-spiked culture medium. Further experiments showed that monoassociating germfree D. melanogaster with the L. plantarum isolate could reestablish a conventional-like sensitivity to CP. Interestingly, supplementation with the human probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (a strain that binds but does not metabolize CP) significantly increased the survival of the CP-exposed germfree D. melanogaster This suggests strain-specific differences in CP metabolism may exist among lactobacilli and emphasizes the need for further investigation. In summary, these results suggest that (i) CPO formation by the gut microbiota can have biologically relevant consequences for the host, and (ii) probiotic lactobacilli may be beneficial in reducing in vivo CP toxicity.IMPORTANCE An understudied area of research is how the microbiota (microorganisms living in/on an animal) affects the metabolism and toxic outcomes of environmental pollutants such as pesticides. This study focused specifically on how the microbial biotransformation of chlorpyrifos (CP; a common organophosphate insecticide) affected host exposure and toxicity parameters in a Drosophila melanogaster insect model. Our results demonstrate that the biotransformation of CP by the gut microbiota had biologically relevant and toxic consequences on host health and that certain probiotic lactobacilli may be beneficial in reducing CP toxicity. Since inadvertent pesticide exposure is suspected to negatively impact the health of off-target species, these findings may provide useful information for wildlife conservation and environmental sustainability planning. Furthermore, the results highlight the need to consider microbiota composition differences between beneficial and pest insects in future insecticide designs. More broadly, this study supports the use of beneficial microorganisms to modulate the microbiota-mediated biotransformation of xenobiotics.
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Chiocchetti GM, Jadán-Piedra C, Monedero V, Zúñiga M, Vélez D, Devesa V. Use of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts to reduce exposure to chemical food contaminants and toxicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1534-1545. [PMID: 29337587 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1421521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants that are present in food pose a health problem and their levels are controlled by national and international food safety organizations. Despite increasing regulation, foods that exceed legal limits reach the market. In Europe, the number of notifications of chemical contamination due to pesticide residues, mycotoxins and metals is particularly high. Moreover, in many parts of the world, drinking water contains high levels of chemical contaminants owing to geogenic or anthropogenic causes. Elimination of chemical contaminants from water and especially from food is quite complex. Drastic treatments are usually required, which can modify the food matrix or involve changes in the forms of cultivation and production of the food products. These modifications often make these treatments unfeasible. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop strategies based on the use of components of natural origin to reduce the quantity of contaminants in foods and drinking water, and to reduce the quantity that reaches the bloodstream after ingestion, and thus, their toxicity. This review provides a summary of the existing literature on strategies based on the use of lactic acid bacteria or yeasts belonging to the genus Saccharomyces that are employed in food industry or for dietary purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Matuoka Chiocchetti
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- a Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , C/ Agustín Escardino 7 - Paterna (Valencia) , Spain
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Microbiome. Bladder Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809939-1.00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6204-6213. [PMID: 27520820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01510-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of commensal bacteria, would reduce absorption and toxicity of consumed organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos [CP]). Several Lactobacillus species were screened for toleration of 100 ppm of CP or parathion in MRS broth based on 24-h growth curves. Certain Lactobacillus strains were unable to reach stationary-phase culture maxima and displayed an abnormal culture morphology in response to pesticide. Further characterization of commonly used, pesticide-tolerant and pesticide-susceptible, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and L. rhamnosus strain GR-1 (LGR-1), respectively, revealed that both strains could significantly sequester organophosphate pesticides from solution after 24-h coincubations. This effect was independent of metabolic activity, as L. rhamnosus GG did not hydrolyze CP and no difference in organophosphate sequestration was observed between live and heat-killed strains. Furthermore, LGR-1 and LGG reduced the absorption of 100 μM parathion or CP in a Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intestine epithelium. To determine the effect of sequestration on acute toxicity, newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to food containing 10 μM CP with or without supplementation with live LGG. Supplementation with LGG simultaneously, but not with administration of CP 3 days prior (prophylactically), mitigated CP-induced mortality. In summary, the results suggest that L. rhamnosus may be useful for reducing toxic organophosphate pesticide exposure via passive binding. These findings could be transferable to clinical and livestock applications due to affordability and practical ability to supplement products with food-grade bacteria. IMPORTANCE The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil leaching are becoming a major societal concern. Although the long-term effects of low-dose pesticide exposure for humans and wildlife remain largely unknown, logic suggests that these chemicals are not aligned with ecosystem health. This observation is most strongly supported by the agricultural losses associated with honeybee population declines, known as colony collapse disorder, in which pesticide usage is a likely trigger. Lactobacilli are bacteria used as beneficial microorganisms in fermented foods and have shown potentials to sequester and degrade environmental toxins. This study demonstrated that commonly used probiotic strains of lactobacilli could sequester, but not metabolize, organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos). This Lactobacillus-mediated sequestration was associated with decreased intestinal absorption and insect toxicity in appropriate models. These findings hold promise for supplementing human, livestock, or apiary foods with probiotic microorganisms to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure.
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Reid G. Cervicovaginal Microbiomes-Threats and Possibilities. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:446-454. [PMID: 27129670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome of the vagina has universal traits that override race, diet, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. While five community state types have been proposed, the actual number is likely closer to ten. Nevertheless, while lactobacilli dominate in health for most women, a highly diverse community or single pathogens are associated with morbidity. The fact that four or five Lactobacillus species are dominant in healthy women worldwide, raises questions of why they evolved in this niche, what they are doing, and how their apparent protective properties can be harnessed? This opinion article explores this universality, elements of lactobacilli that may imprint women's health and that of their offspring, and proposes key areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada; University of Western Ontario, Richmond Street, London, Canada.
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