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Ghanbari F, Hasani S, Aghili ZS, Asgary S. The potential preventive effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on cardiovascular risk factors through modulation of gut microbiota: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4569-4580. [PMID: 39055176 PMCID: PMC11266939 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant contributor to global morbidity and death, underscoring the importance of their prevention and treatment. The association between the development and progression of CVD and several risk factors has been extensively studied. Among these risk factors, the gut microbiota has garnered considerable attention of the scientific community during the last two decades. In particular, dysbiosis is directly associated with many risk factors of CVD in the host, such as diabetes. Prior research has demonstrated a robust correlation between dysbiosis and the development of CVD. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are considered important regulators of microbiota imbalances as they increase the colonization of beneficial bacteria and thereby alter the gut microbiota. Although these beneficial effects of biotics are now widely recognized, new evidence has demonstrated that target therapy of the microbiota affects many other organs, including the heart, through a process commonly referred to as the gut-heart axis. In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ghanbari
- Applied Physiology Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Samira Hasani
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - Zahra Sadat Aghili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced TechnologiesShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Jiang R, Cong Z, Zheng L, Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang S, Fang J, Chen J, Liu M. Global research trends in regulating gut microbiome to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus: bibliometrics and visual analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401070. [PMID: 38887274 PMCID: PMC11181692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiome (GM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have two-way effects. Improving T2DM by modulating GM in various ways, such as diet, exercise, and medication, is gradually becoming popular, and related studies have yielded positive results. However, there is still a lack of high-quality bibliometric analyses of research in this area. This study aims to systematize and comprehensively summarize the knowledge structure, research tropics, and research trends of GM and T2DM through bibliometric analysis. Methods Publications related to GM and T2DM before January 9, 2024, in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) were searched in this study. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze publishing trends and CiteSpace (v.6.1.R6 Advanced) was used to analyze institutions, cited journals, references, and keywords.SCImago Graphica (v.1.0.39) was used to analyze countries/regions, institutions' collaborations, cited authors, and published journals. Results We finally included 1004 articles published from 2008 to 2023. The number of published articles showed an upward trend and reached its peak in 2022. China is the country with the largest number of articles, Univ Copenhagen is the institution with the largest number of articles, Fukui, Michiaki, Hamaguchi, Masahide are the scholars with the largest number of articles, and Cani and Patrice D. are the scholars with the largest number of citations. NUTRIENTS(Q1/5.9) published the most publications, while Nature (Q1/64.8; Cited 804 times) is the most frequently cited journal. Gut microbiota, Obesity, and insulin resistance are the most frequently used keywords. This study found that current researches focus on the effects of diet, exercise, and pharmacological modification of GM to improve T2DM and explores specific mechanisms. Future researches will focus on three areas: complications of T2DM and specific physiological processes, methods and measures to regulate GM, and new experimental techniques and assays. Conclusion The current researches confirmed the effects and specific mechanisms of modulating GM to improve T2DM. Further exploration of the effects of modulating GM on T2DM complications and specific physiologic processes is a future trend of research. Exploring specific methods for regulating GM and developing new experimental techniques and assays are important for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Jiang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengri Cong
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Likun Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qifan Guan
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Sixian Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinxu Fang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Ghavami A, Talebi S, Barghchi H, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Mohammadi H, Ziaei R. No benefit of soluble fiber on liver function. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:394-404. [PMID: 38044659 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. Methods: We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. Results: A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. Conclusions: Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Furune S, Suzuki T, Honda T, Yamamoto K, Furukawa K, Nakamura M, Ishigami M, Kinoshita F, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Shimomura Y, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M, Kawashima H. Effects of 1-kestose on microbiome changes caused by vonoprazan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:480-488. [PMID: 38149305 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Potassium-competitive acid blockers more strongly suppress the gastric acid barrier than proton pump inhibitors and cause dysbiosis. However, preventive measures in this regard have not been established. We aimed to evaluate whether 1-kestose, a known prebiotic, was effective at alleviating dysbiosis caused by potassium-competitive acid blockers. METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo endoscopic resection for superficial gastroduodenal tumors were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either 1-kestose or placebo. All patients were started on potassium-competitive acid blocker (vonoprazan 20 mg/day) and took 1-kestose 10 g/day or placebo (maltose) 5 g/day for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of 1-kestose on potassium-competitive acid blocker-induced alterations in the microbiome. The fecal microbiome was analyzed before and after potassium-competitive acid blocker treatment via MiSeq (16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region). RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled, and 16 in each group were analyzed. In the placebo group, the Simpson index, an alpha diversity, was significantly decreased and relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly increased by 1.9-fold. In the kestose group, the Simpson index did not change significantly and relative abundance of Streptococcus increased 1.3-fold, but this was not a significant change. In both groups, no adverse events occurred, ulcers were well healed, and pretreatment and posttreatment short-chain fatty acid levels did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The potassium-competitive acid blocker caused dysbiosis in the placebo group; this effect was prevented by 1-kestose. Thus, 1-kestose may be useful in dysbiosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furune
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Kinoshita
- Statistical Analysis Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kaul R, Paul P, Harfouche M, Saliba R, Chaari A. Microbiome-modulating nutraceuticals ameliorate dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3675. [PMID: 37381688 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 Diabetes is intrinsically linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) via diabetic dyslipidemia, both of which remain global health concerns with annually increasing prevalence. Given the established links between gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic diseases, its modulation is an attractive target to ameliorate metabolic imbalances in such patients. There is a need to quantitively summarise, analyse, and describe future directions in this field. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression following searches in major scientific databases for clinical trials investigating the effect of pro/pre/synbiotics on lipid profile published until April 2022. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PROSPERO No. CRD42022348525. RESULTS Data from 47 trial comparisons across 42 studies (n = 2692) revealed that, compared to placebo/control groups, the administration of pro/pre/synbiotics was associated with statistically significant changes in total cholesterol (-9.97 mg/dL [95% CI: -15.08; -4.87], p < 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (-6.29 mg/dL [95% CI: -9.25; -3.33], p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (+3.21 mg/dL [95% CI: 2.20; 4.22], p < 0.0001), very-low-density lipoprotein (-4.52 mg/dL [95% CI: -6.36; -2.67], p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (-22.93 mg/dL [95% CI: -33.99; -11.87], p < 0.001). These results are influenced by patient characteristics such as age or baseline BMI, and intervention characteristics such as dosage and duration. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that adjunct supplementation with a subset of pro/pre/synbiotics ameliorates dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals and has the potential to reduce CVD risk. However, widespread inter-study heterogeneity and the presence of several unknown confounders limit their adoption in clinical practice; future trials should be designed with these in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Kaul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reya Saliba
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Chu NHS, He J, Leung KHT, Ma RCW, Lee JYS, Varney J, Chan JCN, Muir JG, Chow E. Higher Short-Chain Fermentable Carbohydrates Are Associated with Lower Body Fat and Higher Insulin Sensitivity in People with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:5070. [PMID: 38140329 PMCID: PMC10745595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of carbohydrates has metabolic consequences in people with prediabetes. However, the causality of short-chain fermentable carbohydrate intakes and metabolic parameters has not been explored in the prediabetic or diabetic population. We investigated associations between different types of carbohydrates, including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, polyols (FODMAPs), and polysaccharides (dietary fibre), and body composition and glucose/insulin responses in subjects with prediabetes. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 177 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (mean age: 60 (54-62) years, 41% men) underwent an assessment of body composition and completed six-point oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity, detailed 3-day food records, and physical activity questionnaire. Daily habitual FODMAP intake decreased progressively with increasing BMI, ranging from 7.9 (6.2-12.7) g/d in subjects with normal BMI and 6.6 (4.6-9.9) g/d in subjects with overweight to 5.8 (3.8-9.0) g/d in subjects with obesity (p = 0.038). After adjustment for age and gender, galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) were negatively correlated with body fat (Standardised Beta coefficient β = -0.156, p = 0.006) and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (β = 0.243, p = 0.001). This remained significant after adjustment for macronutrients, fibre, and physical activity (p = 0.035 and p = 0.010, respectively). In individuals with IGT, higher dietary GOS intake was associated with lower body fat and higher insulin sensitivity independent of macronutrients and fibre intake, calling for interventional studies to evaluate the effect of FODMAP intake in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural H. S. Chu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
| | - Jie He
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
| | - Kathy H. T. Leung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Y. S. Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jane Varney
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jane G. Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (N.H.S.C.)
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Li F, Zeng K, Ming J. Lowering glycemic levels via gastrointestinal tract factors: the roles of dietary fiber, polyphenols, and their combination. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37966135 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) are typical blood sugar-lowering components, and both play distinct yet interconnected roles in exerting their blood sugar-lowering effects. We comprehensively summarized the single and combined effects of DF and DP on blood glucose homeostasis through regulating the relevant factors in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT). In the UGT, DF slowed down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction. DP primarily targeted enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhanced the adsorption capacity of DF for glucose. DF weakened DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupted glucose intestinal uptake via physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP demonstrated a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake than DP alone. In the LGT, DF and DP showed synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods exhibited potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Group Food Chem and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Ayakdaş G, Ağagündüz D. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) as novel gut microbiome modulators in noncommunicable diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19888. [PMID: 37809641 PMCID: PMC10559293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a significant role in human health and is affected by many factors. Diet and dietary components have profound impacts on the composition of the gut microbiome and largely contribute to the change in bacterial flora. A high-fiber diet increased dietary fiber (DF) fermentation and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which increased the number of microorganisms. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), a subgroup of fermentable carbohydrates such as DF, are defined as indigestible carbohydrates metabolized by microbes. These carbohydrates are important components to sustain the microbial environment of the complicated digestive tract and avoid intestinal dysbiosis. Each MAC has a unique property and can therefore be used as a sensitive output microbiota modulator to support host homeostasis and modulate health. In addition to the overall health-developing effects, MACs are thought to have a promising effect on the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are major health problems worldwide. The aim of the manuscript was to describe microbiota-accessible carbohydrates and summarize their effects on gut modulation and NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ayakdaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acıbadem University, Kerem Aydınlar Campus, Ataşehir, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
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Lin S, Xu X, Holck J, Wittrup Agger J, Wilkens C, Xie Z, Khakimov B, Nielsen DS, Meyer AS. Soluble, Diferuloylated Corn Bran Glucuronoarabinoxylans Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3885-3897. [PMID: 36787634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Corn bran is exceptionally rich in substituted glucuronoarabinoxylan polysaccharides, which are monoferuloylated and cross-linked by diferulic acid moieties. Here, we assessed the potential prebiotic activity of three enzymatically solubilized corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans: medium feruloylated (FGAX-M), laccase cross-linked FGAX-M (FGAX-H), and alkali-treated FGAX-M devoid of feruloyl substitutions (FGAX-B). We examined the influence of these soluble FGAX samples on the gut microbiome composition and functionality during in vitro simulated colon fermentations, determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production. All FGAX samples induced changes in the relative composition of the microbiota and the SCFA levels after 24 h of in vitro fermentation. The changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H tended to be more profound and more similar to the changes induced by inulin than changes conferred by FGAX-B. The microbiota changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H correlated with an increase in the relative abundance of Anaerostipes and with increased butyric acid production, while the changes induced by the FGAX-B sample were less compelling. The results imply that solubilized, substituted diferuloylated corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans may be potential prebiotic candidates and that both single feruloylations and diferuloyl cross-links influence the prebiotic potential of these arabinoxylan compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane Wittrup Agger
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Li Z, Wang K, Ding Y, Ma W, Sun Y, Liu X, Qian L, Li Y, Hong J, Xu D. Dapagliflozin modulates the faecal microbiota after myocardial infarction in non-diabetic mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:68-81. [PMID: 36164968 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota seems to be a major modulator of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), is an antidiabetic agent that was recently utilized in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the faecal microbiota of postinfarction non-diabetic mice. A total of 19 male mice were randomly divided into three groups, where two groups were enduced with myocardial infarction (MI) by left anterior descending ligation. One day after the surgery, each group was administered normal saline (15 mL/kg/day, 0.9%) or dapagliflozin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was obtained on day 28 post MI. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the degree of fibrosis. Faecal samples were collected to assess the microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that dapagliflozin significantly improved cardiac function in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction mice model after the 28-day treatment, especially in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (p < 0.01). Enterotypes were composed of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae after dapagliflozin treatment, while Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were the main enterotypes post-MI. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillaceae, while decreasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacteriaceae. It was interesting to discover that Proteobacteria (especially Desulfovibrionaceae) were enriched after the dapagliflozin treatment for myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of the main beneficial bacteria. In post-myocardial infarction treatments, using dapagliflozin could positively contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and alter the structure of faecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinzhang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hu B, Yin T, Zhang J, Liu M, Yun H, Wang J, Guo R, Huang J, Zhou Y, Meng H, Wang L. Effect of "maccog" TCM tea on improving glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes in community. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134877. [PMID: 36967788 PMCID: PMC10031008 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed to observe the effect of consuming Chinese herb tea on glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Ninety patients with T2DM were recruited from a community and randomly divided into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). CG maintained conventional treatment and lifestyle, and IG accepted additional "maccog" traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tea (mulberry leaf, radix astragali, corn stigma, cortex lycii, radix ophiopogonis, and gynostemma) for 12 weeks. Glucolipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, and gut microbiota were then measured. RESULTS After the intervention, the decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and total cholesterol (TC) were greater (P<0.05) in IG than in CG, and those in glycosylated serum protein (GSP) were almost significantly greater (P=0.066) in IG than in CG. The total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and creatinine (CREA) levels in IG were significantly lower and their decreases were larger in IG than in CG (P<0.05) after the intervention. The Ace and Chao1 indices in IG were slightly higher after the intervention (P=0.056 and 0.052, respectively) than at baselines. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Phascolarctobacterium increased significantly after the intervention in IG (P<0.05), and the abundance was higher in IG than in CG (P<0.05 or P<0.1). The abundance of Clostridiales and Lactobacillales was negatively correlated with FPG (P<0.05), Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with GSP (P<0.05), and Bacteroides/Firmicutes was positively correlated with both (P<0.05). No adverse event was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Administration of "maccog" TCM tea for 12 weeks slightly improved glucolipid metabolism and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in community patients with T2DM. The increase in beneficial bacteria abundance may be involved in the improvement of glucose metabolism indicators. In addition, this intervention is safe and feasible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=31281, identifier ChiCTR1800018566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyue Hu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Yin
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjing Liu
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hang Yun
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Renmei Guo
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixia Zhou
- Nursing School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Cardiovascular Department, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
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Dietary Fiber Intake and Gut Microbiota in Human Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122507. [PMID: 36557760 PMCID: PMC9787832 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is fermented by the human gut microbiota, producing beneficial microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Over the last few centuries, dietary fiber intake has decreased tremendously, leading to detrimental alternations in the gut microbiota. Such changes in dietary fiber consumption have contributed to the global epidemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. The responses of the gut microbiota to the dietary changes are specific to the type, amount, and duration of dietary fiber intake. The intricate interplay between dietary fiber and the gut microbiota may provide clues for optimal intervention strategies for patients with type 2 diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases. In this review, we summarize current evidence regarding dietary fiber intake, gut microbiota modulation, and modification in human health, highlighting the type-specific cutoff thresholds of dietary fiber for gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes.
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Jiang C, Cui Z, Fan P, Du G. Effects of dog ownership on the gut microbiota of elderly owners. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278105. [PMID: 36477426 PMCID: PMC9728917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog owners are usually in close contact with dogs. Whether dogs can affect the gut microbiota of elderly dog owners is worth studying. Data from 54 elderly (over 65 years of age) dog owners were screened from the American Gut Project. Owning a dog did not affect the α-diversity of the gut microbiota of the dog owner. Dog ownership significantly modulated the composition of the gut microbiota of the dog owner. The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased. The abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae were significantly increased, while the abundance of Moracellaceae was significantly suppressed. In general, dog ownership can regulate the composition of gut microbiota and has a more significant effect on elderly males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaona Jiang
- Morphology laboratory, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
- Department of Breast-Throcic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zeying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Pingming Fan
- Department of Breast-Throcic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- * E-mail: (PF); (GD)
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Breast-Throcic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Biotechnology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PF); (GD)
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Ojo O, Wang X, Ojo OO, Brooke J, Jiang Y, Dong Q, Thompson T. The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235139. [PMID: 36501168 PMCID: PMC9739188 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutritional interventions such as the use of prebiotics can promote eubiosis of gut microbiome and maintain glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it would appear that results of the effects of prebiotics on the community of microbes in the gut are not consistent. Aim: To examine the effect of prebiotics and oral antidiabetic agents on gut microbiome in patients with T2D. Methods: The PRISMA Extension Statement for Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-analyses was used to conduct this review. Searches were carried out in EMBASE, EBSCO-host databases, Google Scholar and the reference lists of articles for studies that are relevant to the research question, from database inception to 15 August 2022. The search strategy was based on PICOS framework. Network Meta-analysis which allows the estimation of relative treatment effects by combing both direct trial evidence (e.g., treatment A vs. treatment B) and indirect evidence was conducted. Furthermore, pairwise meta-analysis was also carried out to estimate effect sizes based on head-to-head comparisons of treatments and/or control conditions. Results: Findings of the Network meta-analysis revealed that prebiotics significantly reduced HbA1c compared with control and the SMD was −0.43 [95% CI, −0.77, −0.08; p = 0.02], whereas there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the other treatments and control. In addition, anti-diabetic agents including glipizide and metformin also reduced HbA1C, although these were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from control. While prebiotics promoted Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia, the improvements were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from control. On the other hand, metformin decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, but increased Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, although the differences were not significant (p > 0.05) compared with control. With respect to fasting blood glucose and BMI, the effects of prebiotics and oral antidiabetic agents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from controls. Conclusions: The findings of the systematic review and Network meta-analysis demonstrated prebiotics were significantly (p < 0.05) more effective in reducing HbA1c than control in patients with T2D. However, the effects of prebiotics and oral antidiabetic agents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the controls in relation to fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose, body mass index and the genera of gut bacteria examined. More studies are required to fully investigate the effects of prebiotics and oral antidiabetic agents in patients with T2D
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Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, Avery Hill Campus, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | | | - Joanne Brooke
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| | - Yiqing Jiang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qingqing Dong
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Trevor Thompson
- School of Human Sciences, Avery Hill Campus, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK
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Al-Najjar Y, Arabi M, Paul P, Chaari A. Can probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation modulate the gut-liver axis in type 2 diabetes? A narrative and systematic review of clinical trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1052619. [PMID: 36532552 PMCID: PMC9751375 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome's potential role in diabetes' pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes. RESULTS From 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Acetobacter, Lactococcus, and Propionibacterium), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics. CONCLUSION Although some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Al-Najjar
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Paul P, Kaul R, Chaari A. Renal Health Improvement in Diabetes through Microbiome Modulation of the Gut-Kidney Axis with Biotics: A Systematic and Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14838. [PMID: 36499168 PMCID: PMC9740604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, with over 20% of patients ultimately developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a complex nephropathic complication that is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Various clinical trials have utilized probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to attempt to positively modulate the gut microbiome via the gut-kidney axis, but consensus is limited. We conducted a multi-database systematic review to investigate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on various biomarkers of renal health in diabetes, based on studies published through 10 April 2022. Adhering to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, relevant articles were systematically screened and extracted by independent reviewers; subsequently, results were systematically compiled, analyzed, and expanded through a narrative discussion. A total of 16 publications encompassing 903 diabetic individuals met the inclusion criteria. Our findings show that some studies report statistically significant changes in common renal markers, such as serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen/urea, microalbuminuria, and uric acid, but not on serum albumin, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, or total urine protein. Interestingly, these nutraceuticals seem to increase serum uric acid concentrations, an inflammatory marker usually associated with decreased renal health. We found that probiotics from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium families were the most investigated, followed by Streptococcus thermophilus. Prebiotics including inulin, galacto-oligosaccharide, and resistant dextrin were also examined. The single-species probiotic soymilk formulation of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 possessed effects on multiple renal biomarkers in DKD patients without adverse events. We further investigated the optimum nutraceutical formulation, discussed findings from prior studies, described the gut-kidney axis in diabetes and DKD, and finally commented on some possible mechanisms of action of these nutraceuticals on renal health in diabetics. Although probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have shown some potential in ameliorating renal health degradation in diabetes via gut-kidney axis crosstalk, larger and more convincing trials with focused objectives and next-generation nutraceutical formulations are required to investigate their possible role as adjunct therapy in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Paul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
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Souza AFCE, Gabardo S, Coelho RDJS. Galactooligosaccharides: Physiological benefits, production strategies, and industrial application. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:116-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Paul P, Kaul R, Harfouche M, Arabi M, Al-Najjar Y, Sarkar A, Saliba R, Chaari A. The effect of microbiome-modulating probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Palmnäs-Bédard MSA, Costabile G, Vetrani C, Åberg S, Hjalmarsson Y, Dicksved J, Riccardi G, Landberg R. The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism: a scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:862-874. [PMID: 36026526 PMCID: PMC9535511 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human nutrition and metabolism and may have direct implications for type 2 diabetes and associated preconditions. An improved understanding of relations between human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism could lead to novel opportunities for type 2 diabetes prevention, but human observational studies reporting on such findings have not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review the literature on associations between gut microbiota and markers and stages of glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance in healthy adults and in adults with metabolic disease and risk factors. We present the current evidence for identified key bacteria and their potential roles in glucose metabolism independent of overweight, obesity, and metabolic drugs. We provide support for SCFAs mediating such effects and discuss the role of diet, as well as metabolites derived from diet and gut microbiota interactions. From 5983 initially identified PubMed records, 45 original studies were eligible and reviewed. α Diversity and 45 bacterial taxa were associated with selected outcomes. Six taxa were most frequently associated with glucose metabolism: Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium leptum group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Faecalibacterium (inversely associated) and Dorea (directly associated). For Dorea and A. muciniphila, associations were independent of metabolic drugs and body measures. For A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, limited evidence supported SCFA mediation of potential effects on glucose metabolism. We conclude that observational studies applying metagenomics sequencing to identify species-level relations are warranted, as are studies accounting for confounding factors and investigating SCFA and postprandial glucose metabolism. Such advances in the field will, together with mechanistic and prospective studies and investigations into diet-gut microbiota interactions, have the potential to bring critical insight into roles of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in human glucose metabolism and to contribute toward the development of novel prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes, including precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Åberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yommine Hjalmarsson
- Department of Communication and Learning in Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Bock PM, Martins AF, Ramalho R, Telo GH, Leivas G, Maraschin CK, Schaan BD. The impact of dietary, surgical, and pharmacological interventions on gut microbiota in individuals with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 189:109944. [PMID: 35697155 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a systematic review assessing the association between dietary, surgical, and pharmacological interventions and changes in the gut microbiota of individuals with diabetes. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched focusing on the effects of dietary, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological interventions on gut microbiota in adults with diabetes. Studies were classified based on qualitative changes using a simple vote-counting method, evaluating reduction, no effect, or an increase in the gut microbiota outcomes. RESULTS 6,004 studies were retained to review their titles and abstracts. A total of 149 full-text articles were reassessed, of which 49 were included in the final analysis. This review indicates that dietary, surgical, and pharmacological interventions increase or decrease bacterial populations from more than 60 families, genera, or species. In general, the interventions led to an increase in the bacterial population from phylum Firmicutes, mainly Lactobacillus species, compared to the gram-negative bacterial population from phylum Bacteroidetes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the included studies suggest that interventions aimed at reducing species related to uncontrolled diabetes and increasing species related to the healthy gut are potential adjuvants in treating diabetes; however, well-conducted interventional studies targeting gut microbiota are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Bock
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Andreza F Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ramalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H Telo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Division, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Leivas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clara K Maraschin
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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22
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Wu C, Liu J, Li Y, Wang N, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum ameliorate inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:6674-6687. [PMID: 35647651 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides show anti-diabetic effects through inflammation regulation with improved glucose metabolism. In this study, novel prebiotics of manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum (CMOS) were incorporated into the diet of streptozotocin (STZ) plus high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced rats. After feeding for 8 weeks, CMOS (300-1200 mg per kg b.w. per d) significantly ameliorated the fasting blood glucose level (7.1-8.2 mmol L-1) as compared with that of the model group (14.2 mmol L-1), where the area under the oral glucose tolerance test curve was decreased by 20.0%-24.5%. Meanwhile, CMOS prevented STZ plus HFSD-induced damage to islet tissue with a clear and integrated morphology and reduced the glucagon/insulin area ratio (by 97.9% for 300 mg per kg b.w. per d CMOS). CMOS also reduced metabolic endotoxemia and maintained intestinal integrity with recovered mRNA expression of Zo-1 and occludin to the normal comparable level. Upon 16S rDNA sequencing, it was found that CMOS regulated the microbiota composition in the cecum with an increased relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, while that of Shigella was decreased. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-diabetic effects of CMOS were further studied. CMOS reduced the mRNA expression of Tlr2 and Tlr4 in the intestines of STZ plus HFSD-induced rats. Meanwhile, Nlrp3 associated inflammasome activation in the intestine and liver with glucose metabolism disorder was inhibited by CMOS, resulting in reduced interleukin-1β secretion (by 38.8-46.4% for CMOS of 300-1200 mg per kg b.w. per d) and inflammation. Furthermore, CMOS regulated the AKT/IRS/AMPK signaling pathway and improved glucose metabolism in the liver. Findings obtained here implicated that CMOS could modulate metabolic-inflammation as a functional dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Paul P, Kaul R, Abdellatif B, Arabi M, Upadhyay R, Saliba R, Sebah M, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Microbiome Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906243. [PMID: 35711547 PMCID: PMC9197462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One in 10 adults suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of the gut microbiome, its homeostasis, and dysbiosis has been investigated with success in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of T2D. There is an increasing volume of literature reporting interventions of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on T2D patients. Methods Studies investigating the effect of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in T2D populations were extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to January 2022. Results From an initial screening of 5,984 hits, 47 clinical studies were included. Both statistically significant and non-significant results have been compiled, analyzed, and discussed. We have found various promising pro-, pre-, and synbiotic formulations. Of these, multistrain/multispecies probiotics are found to be more effective than monostrain interventions. Additionally, our findings show resistant dextrin to be the most promising prebiotic, followed closely by inulin and oligosaccharides. Finally, we report that synbiotics have shown excellent effect on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. We further discuss the role of metabolites in the resulting effects in biomarkers and ultimately pathogenesis of T2D, bring attention toward the ability of such nutraceuticals to have significant role in COVID-19 therapy, and finally discuss few ongoing clinical trials and prospects. Conclusion Current literature of pro-, pre- and synbiotic administration for T2D therapy is promising and shows many significant results with respect to most markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Paul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rohit Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine—Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Reya Saliba
- Distributed eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majda Sebah
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Xu L, Yang CS, Liu Y, Zhang X. Effective Regulation of Gut Microbiota With Probiotics and Prebiotics May Prevent or Alleviate COVID-19 Through the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895193. [PMID: 35548347 PMCID: PMC9081431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and patients usually have intestinal disorders. The intestine is the largest immune organ of the human body, and gut microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. Many lines of evidence support the role of beneficial bacteria in enhancing human immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, and thereby reducing the incidence and severity of infection. In this article, we review the possible approach of modulating microbiota to help prevent and treat respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and discuss the possibility of using probiotics and prebiotics for this purpose. We also discuss the mechanism by which intestinal micro-flora regulate immunity and the effects of probiotics on the intestinal micro-ecological balance. Based on this understanding, we propose the use of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota for the prevention or alleviation of COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
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25
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Wen T, Mao C, Gao L. Analysis of the gut microbiota composition of myostatin mutant cattle prepared using CRISPR/Cas9. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264849. [PMID: 35245313 PMCID: PMC8896723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates muscle development and positively regulates metabolism through various pathways. Although MSTN function in cattle has been widely studied, the changes in the gut microbiota due to MSTN mutation, which contribute to host health by regulating its metabolism, remain unclear. Here, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted to analyze the gut microbiota of wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutant (MT) cattle. A total of 925 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, which were classified into 11 phyla and 168 genera. Alpha diversity results showed no significant differences between MT and WT cattle. Beta diversity analyses suggested that the microbial composition of WT and MT cattle was different. Three dominant phyla and 21 dominant genera were identified. The most abundant bacterial genus had a significant relationship with the host metabolism. Moreover, various bacteria beneficial for health were found in the intestines of MT cattle. Analysis of the correlation between dominant gut bacteria and serum metabolic factors affected by MSTN mutation indicated that MSTN mutation affected the metabolism mainly by three metabolism-related bacteria, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010. This study provides further insight into MSTN mutation regulating the host metabolism by gut microbes and provides evidence for the safety of gene-edited animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wen
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Lentinus squarrosulus powder and impact on human fecal microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2655. [PMID: 35173256 PMCID: PMC8850567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have long-used mushrooms as food and medicine, but digestion and colonic fermentation of most mushrooms, including Lentinus squarrosulus is markedly unknown. Here, nutritional profile, digestion and colonic fermentation of L. squarrosulus powder (LP) were determined. The powder contained mainly carbohydrate and protein. SEM and F-TIR analysis of the resistant hydrolysate (RH) revealed that the structure and ratio of carbohydrate and protein components were altered, and released known immunomodulation agents; beta-glucans and mannose. Both LP and RH promoted selected probiotic bacteria, especially Bifidobacterium strains. Using fecal microbiota of five volunteers (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5), RH stimulated the microbiota of all used volunteers, via decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ranging from 1.3 to 8.2 times. Also, RH increased the relative abundance of vital immunomodulators; Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, and Sutterella. Additionally, RH fermentation enriched the content of branch-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indicating protein and carbohydrate usage. Notably, propionic and butyric acids were abundant in V1, V2 and V3, while in V4 and V5, acetic and butyric acids were most enriched. Suggesting L. squarrosulus as functional mushroom to improve health and prevent diseases by enhancing gut health.
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27
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SUGAWARA Y, KANAZAWA A, AIDA M, YOSHIDA Y, YAMASHIRO Y, WATADA H. Association of gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: post hoc analysis of a synbiotic interventional study. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:103-111. [PMID: 35854696 PMCID: PMC9246418 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko SUGAWARA
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akio KANAZAWA
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masanori AIDA
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yasuto YOSHIDA
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yuichiro YAMASHIRO
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka WATADA
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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28
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Abolghasemi A, Manca C, Iannotti FA, Shen M, Leblanc N, Lacroix S, Martin C, Flamand N, Di Marzo V, Silvestri C. Assessment of the Effects of Dietary Vitamin D Levels on Olanzapine-Induced Metabolic Side Effects: Focus on the Endocannabinoidome-Gut Microbiome Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12361. [PMID: 34830242 PMCID: PMC8620071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor mental health and dysmetabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities are associated with psychotic diseases, which can be compounded by atypical antipsychotics that induce weight gain and insulin resistance. These side-effects may be affected by vitamin D levels. The gut microbiota and endocannabinoidome (eCBome) are significant regulators of both metabolism and mental health, but their role in the development of atypical antipsychotic drug metabolic side-effects and their interaction with vitamin D status is unknown. We studied the effects of different combinations of vitamin D levels and atypical antipsychotic drug (olanzapine) exposure on whole-body metabolism and the eCBome-gut microbiota axis in female C57BL/6J mice under a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet in an attempt to identify a link between the latter and the different metabolic outputs induced by the treatments. Olanzapine exerted a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, largely independent of dietary vitamin D status. These changes were concomitant with olanzapine-mediated decreases in Trpv1 expression and increases in the levels of its agonists, including various N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols, which are consistent with the observed improvement in adiposity and metabolic status. Furthermore, while global gut bacteria community architecture was not altered by olanzapine, we identified changes in the relative abundances of various commensal bacterial families. Taken together, changes of eCBome and gut microbiota families under our experimental conditions might contribute to olanzapine and vitamin D-mediated inhibition of weight gain in mice on a HFHS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Abolghasemi
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Claudia Manca
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fabio A. Iannotti
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), 80087 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Melissa Shen
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), 80087 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de L’agriculture et de L’alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Centre de Recherche, l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (A.A.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (N.L.); (S.L.); (C.M.); (N.F.); (V.D.M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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29
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Wagenaar CA, van de Put M, Bisschops M, Walrabenstein W, de Jonge CS, Herrema H, van Schaardenburg D. The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Relation to the Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093208. [PMID: 34579085 PMCID: PMC8464906 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various non-communicable diseases. Dietary interventions can reduce inflammation, in part due to their effect on the gut microbiome. This systematic review aims to determine the effect of dietary interventions, specifically fiber intake, on chronic inflammatory diseases and the microbiome. It aims to form hypotheses on the potential mediating effects of the microbiome on disease outcomes after dietary changes. Included were clinical trials which performed a dietary intervention with a whole diet change or fiber supplement (>5 g/day) and investigated the gut microbiome in patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)). The 30 articles which met the inclusion criteria had an overall moderate to high risk of bias and were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis. Dietary interventions were stratified based on fiber intake: low fiber, high fiber, and supplemental fiber. Overall, but most pronounced in patients with T2DM, high-fiber plant-based dietary interventions were consistently more effective at reducing disease-specific outcomes and pathogenic bacteria, as well as increasing microbiome alpha diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, compared to other diets and fiber supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn A. Wagenaar
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.P.); (M.B.); (W.W.); (D.v.S.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieke van de Put
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.P.); (M.B.); (W.W.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Michelle Bisschops
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.P.); (M.B.); (W.W.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Wendy Walrabenstein
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.P.); (M.B.); (W.W.); (D.v.S.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina S. de Jonge
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.P.); (M.B.); (W.W.); (D.v.S.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Antidiabetic activity of galactomannan from Chinese Sesbania cannabina and its correlation of regulating intestinal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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31
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Chen J, Vitetta L. Modulation of Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2903. [PMID: 34209870 PMCID: PMC8268324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is well known to exert multiple benefits on human health including protection from disease causing pathobiont microbes. It has been recognized that healthy intestinal microbiota is of great importance in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis caused by various reasons is associated with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota and supplementation of commensal bacterial metabolites could reduce the severity of COVID-19. Many approaches have been studied to improve gut microbiota in COVID-19 including probiotics, bacterial metabolites, and prebiotics, as well as nutraceuticals and trace elements. So far, 19 clinical trials for testing the efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in COVID-19 prevention and treatment are ongoing. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of various approaches on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and discuss associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Medlab Clinical, Research Department, Sydney 2015, Australia;
| | - Luis Vitetta
- Medlab Clinical, Research Department, Sydney 2015, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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32
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Ojo O, Ojo OO, Zand N, Wang X. The Effect of Dietary Fibre on Gut Microbiota, Lipid Profile, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061805. [PMID: 34073366 PMCID: PMC8228854 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A disequilibrium of the gut microbial community has been closely associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic syndromes including type 2 diabetes. While low fibre and high fat diets may lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome as a result of the loss of useful microbes, it has been reported that a high fibre diet may prevent the fermentation of protein and may promote eubiosis of gut microbiota. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the effect of dietary fibre (DF) on gut microbiota, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The PRISMA framework was relied on to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were carried out using electronic databases and reference list of articles. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, while ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed five distinct areas including the effects of DF on (a) gut microbiota (122 participants); (b) lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 79 participants) and lipopolysaccharides binding protein (LBP, 81 participants); (c) lipid profile; (d) inflammatory markers; and (e) body mass index (BMI, 319 participants). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased by 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.89) in the DF group in contrast to the control (p < 0.05). With respect to LPS, the level was lower in the DF group than the control and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The standardised mean difference for LPS was −0.45 (95% CI: −0.90, −0.01) although the difference between the two groups in relation to LBP was not significant (p = 0.08) and the mean difference was 0.92 (95% CI: −0.12, 1.95). While there was a decrease of −1.05 (95% CI: −2.07, −0.02) with respect to total cholesterol (356 participants) in the DF group as compared with the control (p < 0.05), both groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in the other lipid parameters. The difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05) in relation to C-reactive protein, and the mean difference was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.84). This could be due to the short duration of the included studies and differences in participants’ diets including the amount of dietary fibre supplements. However, the groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with respect to the other inflammatory markers. The meta-analysis of the BMI showed that the DF group decreased by −0.57 (95% CI: −1.02, −0.12) as compared with the control and this was significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: DF significantly (p < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) LPS, total cholesterol, and BMI as compared with the control. However, DF did not seem to have an effect that was significant on LBP, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, and leptin. These findings have implications for public health in relation to the use of dietary fibre in nutritional interventions and as strategies for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-20-8331-8626; Fax: +44-20-8331-8060
| | - Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, UK;
| | - Nazanin Zand
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
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Wang L, Yu X, Xu X, Ming J, Wang Z, Gao B, Xing Y, Zhou J, Fu J, Liu T, Liu X, Garstka MA, Wang X, Ji Q. The Fecal Microbiota Is Already Altered in Normoglycemic Individuals Who Go on to Have Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:598672. [PMID: 33680988 PMCID: PMC7930378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.598672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mounting evidence has suggested a link between gut microbiome characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To determine whether these alterations occur before the impairment of glucose regulation, we characterize gut microbiota in normoglycemic individuals who go on to develop T2D. Methods We designed a nested case-control study, and enrolled individuals with a similar living environment. A total of 341 normoglycemic individuals were followed for 4 years, including 30 who developed T2D, 33 who developed prediabetes, and their matched controls. Fecal samples (developed T2D, developed prediabetes and controls: n=30, 33, and 63, respectively) collected at baseline underwent metagenomics sequencing. Results Compared with matched controls, individuals who went on to develop T2D had lower abundances of Bifidobacterium longum, Coprobacillus unclassified, and Veillonella dispar and higher abundances of Roseburia hominis, Porphyromonas bennonis, and Paraprevotella unclassified. The abundance of Bifidobacterium longum was negatively correlated with follow-up blood glucose levels. Moreover, the microbial Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, methane metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and membrane transport were changed between the two groups. Conclusions We found that fecal microbiota of healthy individuals who go on to develop T2D had already changed when they still were normoglycemic. These alterations of fecal microbiota might provide insights into the development of T2D and a new perspective for identifying individuals at risk of developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Kanazawa A, Aida M, Yoshida Y, Kaga H, Katahira T, Suzuki L, Tamaki S, Sato J, Goto H, Azuma K, Shimizu T, Takahashi T, Yamashiro Y, Watada H. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020558. [PMID: 33567701 PMCID: PMC7914668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 24-week synbiotic supplementation on chronic inflammation and the gut microbiota in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. We randomized 88 obese patients with type 2 diabetes to one of two groups for 24 weeks: control or synbiotic (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (previously Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota) and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, and galactooligosaccharides). The primary endpoint was the change in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints were evaluation of the gut microbiota in feces and blood, fecal organic acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and glycemic control. Synbiotic administration for 24 weeks did not significantly affect changes in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks (0.35 ± 1.99 vs. −0.24 ± 1.75 pg/mL, respectively). Relative to baseline, however, at 24 weeks after synbiotic administration there were positive changes in the counts of Bifidobacterium and total lactobacilli, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium species such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and the concentrations of acetic and butyric acids in feces. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in the synbiotic group compared to the control group. However, synbiotic administration at least partially improved the gut environment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1579
| | - Masanori Aida
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (M.A.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yasuto Yoshida
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (M.A.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Takehiro Katahira
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Shoko Tamaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Kosuke Azuma
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology, 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Bock PM, Telo GH, Ramalho R, Sbaraini M, Leivas G, Martins AF, Schaan BD. The effect of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics on metabolic outcomes in individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2021; 64:26-41. [PMID: 33047170 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and glucose control and lipid levels in individuals with diabetes. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. The eligibility criteria for the studies was involvement of participants with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Metabolic outcomes (glucose control, insulinaemia, and lipid profile) of any probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation related to modification of gut microbiota (prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics) were analysed. We provided a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the findings on metabolic outcomes from the studies. Metabolic outcomes were extracted post-intervention and expressed as mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs between treatment and comparator groups. We pooled the results using a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) software. RESULTS After the removal of duplicates and ineligible studies, 5219 studies were retained for review of titles and abstracts. The number of articles was reduced to 130 by review, for which the full-text articles were obtained and reassessed, 38 of which were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, the use of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics reduced HbA1c levels, but did not reach the threshold for significance (-2.17 mmol/mol, 95% CI -4.37, 0.03; p = 0.05, [-0.20%, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.00; p = 0.05, I2 = 66%]) and had no effect on LDL-cholesterol levels (-0.05 mmol/l; 95% CI -0.14, 0.05, p = 0.35, I2 = 37%). However, their consumption decreased levels of fasting blood glucose (-0.58 mmol/l; 95% CI -0.86, -0.30; p < 0.01, I2 = 60%), total cholesterol (-0.14 mmol/l; 95% CI -0.26, -0.02, p = 0.02, I2 = 39%), triacylglycerols (-0.11 mmol/l; 95% CI -0.20, -0.02, p = 0.01, I2= 21%) and insulinaemia (-10.51 pmol/l; 95% CI -16.68,-4.33, p < 0.01, I2 = 74%), and increased HDL-cholesterol levels (0.04 mmol/l; 95% CI 0.01, 0.07, p < 0.01, I2= 24%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In individuals with diabetes mellitus, supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics improved metabolic variables, although the magnitude of this effect is low. Our results suggest that consumption of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics may be a potential adjuvant treatment for improving metabolic outcomes. REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID CRD42017080071. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Bock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela H Telo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ramalho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Health Basic Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sbaraini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Leivas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreza F Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Health Basic Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ballini A, Scacco S, Boccellino M, Santacroce L, Arrigoni R. Microbiota and Obesity: Where Are We Now? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120415. [PMID: 33255588 PMCID: PMC7761345 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Emerging new data reported in the international scientific literature show that specific alterations in the human gut microbiota are characteristic in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Obesity is conditioned by a multitude of factors, and the microbiota is certainly an important player. The analysis of the data obtained from experimental studies allow us to hypothesize that changes in the composition of the microbiota may be the cause, and not simply the consequence, of alterations in human metabolism. Clinical trials on wide samples that investigate the role of diet-induced modulation of the gut microbiota on the host metabolism are needed to understand the interactions at the molecular level for the observed correlations between metabolism and microbiota changes. Abstract Genetic and environmental factors are underlying causes of obesity and other metabolic diseases, so it is therefore difficult to find suitable and effective medical treatments. However, without a doubt, the gut microbiota—and also the bacteria present in the oral cavity—act as key factors in the development of these pathologies, yet the mechanisms have not been fully described. Certainly, a more detailed knowledge of the structure of the microbiota—composition, intra- and inter-species relationships, metabolic functions—could be of great help in counteracting the onset of obesity. Identifying key bacterial species will allow us to create a database of “healthy” bacteria, making it possible to manipulate the bacterial community according to metabolic and clinical needs. Targeting gut microbiota in clinical care as treatment for obesity and health-related complications—even just for weight loss has become a real possibility. In this topical review we provide an overview of the role of the microbiota on host energy homeostasis and obesity-related metabolic diseases, therefore addressing the therapeutic potential of novel and existing strategies (impact of nutrition/dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Ionian Department, Policlinico University Hospital, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.B.); (R.A.)
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Protection of Galacto-Oligosaccharide against E. coli O157 Colonization through Enhancing Gut Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111710. [PMID: 33233359 PMCID: PMC7700679 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) has been added to infant formula as prebiotics and can bring many benefits to human health. This study proved the effect of GOS in prevention and alleviation against E. coli O157 invasion and colonization and the mechanism behind this was explored in a mice model. The results showed that the expression of Muc2 and Occlaudin were both significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) by E. coli O157 infection, while GOS alleviated this phenomenon, which means that GOS can reduce the colonization of E. coli O157 by enhancing the gut barrier function. Through the determination of inflammatory cytokines, we found that GOS can relieve inflammation caused by pathogens. At the same time, GOS can promote the growth of probiotics such as Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides, thus modulating microorganism environments and improving short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the intestine. This study provides an explanation for the mechanism behind the protection of GOS against pathogen infection.
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The Role of Dietary Fibre in Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113239. [PMID: 33113929 PMCID: PMC7690692 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide, and it represents about 90% of adults who are diagnosed with diabetes. Overweight and obesity, lifestyle, genetic predisposition and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated as possible risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. In particular, low intake of dietary fibre and consumption of foods high in fat and sugar, which are common in western lifestyle, have been reported to contribute to the depletion of specific bacterial taxa. Therefore, it is possible that intake of high dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and provide the needed substrate for microbial bloom. Aim: The current review is a systematic review and meta-analysis which evaluated the role of dietary fibre in modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which relied on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Electronic searches were conducted using EBSCOHost with links to Health Sciences Research Databases, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The reference lists of articles were also searched for relevant studies. Searches were conducted from date of commencement of the database to 5 August 2020. The search strategy was based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Studies (PICOS) framework and involved the use of synonyms and medical subject headings (MesH). Search terms were combined with Boolean operators (OR/AND). Results: Nine studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, and four distinct areas were identified: the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota; the role of dietary fibre on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); glycaemic control; and adverse events. There was significant difference (p < 0.01) in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium with a mean difference of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.56, 0.89) between the dietary fibre group compared with placebo. In relation to the meta-analysis for SCFAs, while there was significant difference (p = 0.02) between the dietary fibre group and placebo with a standardised mean difference of 0.5 (95% CI, 0.08, 0.91) regarding total SCFAs, the differences were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. There was only significant improvement (p = 0.002) with respect to glycated haemoglobin with a mean difference of −0.18 (95% CI, −0.29, −0.06) between the dietary fibre group and placebo group. Differences between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups in subjects who reported adverse events. It is possible that the promotion of SCFA producers in greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre in this review led to improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production. In addition, Bifidobacterium lactis has been reported to increase glycogen synthesis, decrease expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis genes, improve translocation of glucose transport-4 and promote glucose uptake. It is also possible that the reduction in body weight of participants in the intervention group compared with control may have contributed to the observed improvement in glycated haemoglobin. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis have demonstrated that dietary fibre can significantly improve (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and glycated haemoglobin. However, dietary fibre did not appear to have significant effect (p > 0.05) on fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and adverse events.
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Comparison of bioactive constituents and effects on gut microbiota by in vitro fermentation between Ophicordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Hou T, Sun X, Zhu J, Hon KL, Jiang P, Chu IMT, Tsang MSM, Lam CWK, Zeng H, Wong CK. IL-37 Ameliorating Allergic Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis Through Regulating Microbiota and AMPK-mTOR Signaling Pathway-Modulated Autophagy Mechanism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:752. [PMID: 32411145 PMCID: PMC7198885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts is essential for provoking allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). In vitro co-culture of human eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts upon AD-related IL-31 and IL-33 stimulation, and in vivo MC903-induced AD murine model were employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of IL-1 family cytokine IL-37 in AD. Results showed that IL-37b could inhibit the in vitro induction of AD-related pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and chemokines CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5, increase autophagosome biogenesis-related LC3B, and decrease autophagy-associated ubiquitinated protein p62 by regulating intracellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In CRISPR/Cas9 human IL-37b knock-in mice, IL-37b could significantly alleviate MC903-stimulated ear tissue swelling, itching sensation and the level of circulating cytokine IL-6 and ear in situ expression of AD-related TNF-α, CCL5 and transforming growth factor-β. Moreover, IL-37b could significantly upregulate Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen and ear together with significantly increased serum Treg cytokine IL-10, and decrease eosinophil infiltration in ear lesion. IL-37b knock-in mice showed a distinct intestinal microbiota metabolic pattern upon MC903 stimulation. Furthermore, IL-37b restored the disordered gut microbiota diversity, through regulating the in vivo autophagy mechanism mediated by intestinal metabolite 3-methyladenine, adenosine monophosphate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, purine and melatonin. In summary, IL-37b could significantly ameliorate eosinophils-mediated allergic inflammation via the regulation of autophagy mechanism, intestinal bacterial diversity and their metabolites in AD. Results therefore suggest that IL-37 is a potential anti-inflammatory cytokine for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Nie Q, Chen H, Hu J, Tan H, Nie S, Xie M. Effects of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides on Obesity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:205-233. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern that has almost reached the level of pandemic and is rapidly progressing. The gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial regulator involved in the etiology of obesity, and the manipulation of it by dietary intervention has been widely used for reducing the risk of obesity. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are attracting increasing interests as prebiotics, as the indigestible ingredients can induce compositional or metabolic improvement to the gut microbiota, thereby improving gut health and giving rise to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to elicit metabolic effects on obesity. In this review, the role NDOs play in obesity intervention via modification of the gut microecology, as well as the physicochemical and physiological properties and industrial manufacture of NDOs, is discussed. Our goal is to provide a critical assessment of and stimulate comprehensive research into NDO use in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
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Li J, Dubois W, Thovarai V, Wu Z, Feng X, Peat T, Zhang S, Sen SK, Trinchieri G, Chen J, Mock BA, Young NS. Attenuation of immune-mediated bone marrow damage in conventionally housed mice. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:237-245. [PMID: 31898340 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In humans, bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes, both constitutional and acquired, predispose to myeloid malignancies. We have modeled acquired immune aplastic anemia, the paradigmatic disease of these syndromes, in the mouse by infusing lymph node cells from specific pathogen-free (SPF) CD45.1 congenic C57BL/6 (B6) donors into hybrid CByB6F1 recipients housed either in conventional (CVB) or SPF facilities. The severity of BM damage was reduced in CVB recipients; they also had reduced levels of CD44+ CD62L- effector memory T cells, reduced numbers of donor-type CD44+ T cells, and reduced expansion of donor-type CD8 T cells carrying T-cell receptor β-variable regions 07, 11, and 17. Analyses of fecal samples through 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing revealed greater gut microbial alpha diversity in CVB mice relative to that of SPF mice. Thus, the presence of a broader spectrum of gut microorganisms in CVB-housed CByB6F1 could have primed recipient animal's immune system leading to suppression of allogeneic donor T-cell activation and expansion and attenuation of host BM destruction. These results suggest the potential benefit of diverse gut microbiota in patients receiving BM transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendy Dubois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vishal Thovarai
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tyler Peat
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shurjo K Sen
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yang M, Shi FH, Liu W, Zhang MC, Feng RL, Qian C, Liu W, Ma J. Dapagliflozin Modulates the Fecal Microbiota in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 33312157 PMCID: PMC7707060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota is recognized as a major modulator of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), enhances renal glucose excretion, and lowers blood glucose levels. The study aimed to determine the effects of dapagliflozin on fecal microbiota in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Methods: Four-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then given a single dose of STZ injection (30 mg/kg, i.p). They were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8). Each group received intragastric infusion of normal saline (2 ml, 0.9%) or metformin (215.15 mg/kg/day) or dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were detected during intragastric glucose tolerance. Fecal samples were collected to access microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: Dapagliflozin significantly decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels as metformin in type 2 diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Enterotype was composed of Ruminococcaceae after treatment of dapagliflozin, whereas Ruminococcaceae and Muribaculaceae were the main enterotypes following metformin treatment. Dapagliflozin did not increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. However, these were increased in the metformin group. It is surprising to find that Proteobacteria (especially Desulfovibrionaceae) were enriched in the dapagliflozin group. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin and metformin exerted complementary effects on the main beneficial bacteria. A combination of these two drugs might be beneficial to improve the structure of fecal microbiota in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Chun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ri-Lu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ma
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nie Q, Chen H, Hu J, Fan S, Nie S. Dietary compounds and traditional Chinese medicine ameliorate type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:848-863. [PMID: 30569745 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1536646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are major public health concerns which strongly influence the quality of humans' life. Modification of gut microbiota has been widely used for the management of diabetes. In this review, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota, as well as the effects of different dietary components and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gut microflora are summarized. Dietary compounds and TCM possessing bioactive components (fiber and phytochemicals) first change the composition of gut microbiota (inhibiting pathogens and promoting the beneficial bacteria growth) and then influence the production of their metabolites, which would further modify the intestinal environment through inhibiting the production of detrimental compounds (such as lipopolysaccharide, hydrogen sulfide, indol, etc.). Importantly, metabolites (short chain fatty acids and other bioactive components) fermented/degraded by gut microbiota can target multiple pathways in intestine, liver, pancreas, etc., resulting in the improvement of gut health, glycemic control, lipids profile, insulin resistance and inflammation. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between different dietary components and gut microbiota, as well as underlying mechanisms would help design different diet formula for the management of diabetes. Further researches could focus on the combination of different dietary components for preventing and treating diabetes, based on the principle of "multiple components against multiple targets" from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Haihong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Jielun Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Songtao Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
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Zhu H, Liu Y, Li S, Jin Y, Zhao L, Zhao F, Feng J, Yan W, Wei Y. Altered gut microbiota after traumatic splenectomy is associated with endotoxemia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:197. [PMID: 30498207 PMCID: PMC6265257 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Splenectomy carries a long-term risk of postoperative infection, and the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with endotoxemia may be related to the gut microbiota. In this study, to increase our understanding of the potential cause of the high rate of infection in postsplenectomy patients, we evaluated the differences in the gut microbiota and plasma lipopolysaccharide level of patients after splenectomy relative to those of healthy controls. Thirty-two patients having undergone splenectomy and 42 healthy individuals were enrolled into the splenectomy (SP) and healthy control (HC) groups, respectively. The SP group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the length of their postoperative time. Fecal samples were used for gut microbiota analysis via 16s rRNA gene sequencing, blood examinations and plasma lipopolysaccharide measurements were also taken. Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota composition with regard to the relative bacterial abundances of 2 phyla, 7 families, and 15 genera. The lipopolysaccharide level was significantly higher in the SP group than in the HC group and were negatively associated with five bacterial families with low abundance in the SP group. The degree of the microbiota alteration increased with the length of the postoperative time. The PICRUSt analysis showed that the relative abundances of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways were higher in the SP group and were positively associated with the plasma lipopolysaccharide level. Significant alterations were observed in the gut microbiota of the splenectomized patients and were associated with plasma lipopolysaccharide level. Further studies are needed to verify whether such alterations after splenectomy are related to an increased risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Shengda Li
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China.
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Lee HL, Shen H, Hwang IY, Ling H, Yew WS, Lee YS, Chang MW. Targeted Approaches for In Situ Gut Microbiome Manipulation. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E351. [PMID: 30002345 PMCID: PMC6071227 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities and their collective genomes form the gut microbiome, of which bacteria are the major contributor. Through their secreted metabolites, bacteria interact with the host, influencing human health and physiology. Perturbation of the microbiota and metabolome has been associated with various diseases and metabolic conditions. As knowledge on fundamental host-microbiome interactions and genetic engineering tools becomes readily available, targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome for therapeutic applications gains favourable attention. Manipulation of the gut microbiome can be achieved by altering the microbiota population and composition, or by modifying the functional metabolic activity of the microbiome to promote health and restore the microbiome balance. In this article, we review current works that demonstrate various strategies employed to manipulate the gut microbiome in situ to various degrees of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - In Young Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Vicario M, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pascua-García R, Santos J. A Review of Microbiota and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Future in Therapies. Adv Ther 2018; 35:289-310. [PMID: 29498019 PMCID: PMC5859043 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most frequent digestive disorders, is characterized by chronic and recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. The origin seems to be multifactorial and is still not well defined for the different subtypes. Genetic, epigenetic and sex-related modifications of the functioning of the nervous and immune-endocrine supersystems and regulation of brain-gut physiology and bile acid production and absorption are certainly involved. Acquired predisposition may act in conjunction with infectious, toxic, dietary and life event-related factors to enhance epithelial permeability and elicit mucosal microinflammation, immune activation and dysbiosis. Notably, strong evidence supports the role of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in triggering IBS, and targeting microbiota seems promising in view of the positive response to microbiota-related therapies in some patients. However, the lack of highly predictive diagnostic biomarkers and the complexity and heterogeneity of IBS patients make management difficult and unsatisfactory in many cases, reducing patient health-related quality of life and increasing the sanitary burden. This article reviews specific alterations and interventions targeting the gut microbiota in IBS, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, diets, fecal transplantation and other potential future approaches useful for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Vicario
- Translational Mucosal Immunology Group, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.
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