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Zhang N, Ma X, He X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Shen Z, Guo X, Zhang D, Tian S, Ma X, Xing Y. Inhibition of YIPF2 Improves the Vulnerability of Oligodendrocytes to Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1403-1420. [PMID: 39078594 PMCID: PMC11422328 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive secretion of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is an important pathological basis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential implications of hIAPP in DE pathogenesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive scales were applied to evaluate white matter damage and cognitive function. We found that the concentration of serum hIAPP was positively correlated with white matter damage but negatively correlated with cognitive scores in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In vitro assays revealed that oligodendrocytes, compared with neurons, were more prone to acidosis under exogenous hIAPP stimulation. Moreover, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that hIAPP interfered with the binding process of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 to its accessory protein CD147 but had no effect on the binding of MCT2 to its accessory protein gp70. Proteomic differential analysis of proteins co-immunoprecipitated with CD147 in oligodendrocytes revealed Yeast Rab GTPase-Interacting protein 2 (YIPF2, which modulates the transfer of CD147 to the cell membrane) as a significant target. Furthermore, YIPF2 inhibition significantly improved hIAPP-induced acidosis in oligodendrocytes and alleviated cognitive dysfunction in DE model mice. These findings suggest that increased CD147 translocation by inhibition of YIPF2 optimizes MCT1 and CD147 binding, potentially ameliorating hIAPP-induced acidosis and the consequent DE-related demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xinyu He
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xiaosu Guo
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shujuan Tian
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yuan Xing
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Hu Y, Zou H, Zhong Z, Li Q, Zeng Q, Ouyang Q, Zou X, Wang M, Luo Y, Yao D. The Role of Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Neuropathic Orofacial Pain. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 39209792 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of astrocytic energy metabolism alleviates neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVES To explore whether astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) played any role in neuropathic orofacial pain. METHODS Rats with partial transection of the right infraorbital nerve (p-IONX) or sham operation were intrathecally injected with acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), bithionol (a soluble adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid [α-CHCA, a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor] or vehicle once a day from postoperative day 1-14. The facial mechanical thresholds were tested on preoperative day 1 and 2 and postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14, expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and MCTs in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) were examined on the postoperative day 3 and neuronal activities in the Vc were examined in the p-IONX rats on postoperative days 3-5. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the mechanical thresholds in the p-IONX group were significantly reduced at postoperative days 1-7, and the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 was significantly increased on postoperative day 3. In the p-IONX groups, neurons in the Vc were sensitised, and acetazolamide, bithionol and α-CHCA reversed the central sensitisation, significantly increased the mechanical thresholds at postoperative days 1-7 and decreased the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 at postoperative day 3 compared with those in the vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ANLS alleviates p-IONX-related neuronal, behavioural and immunohistochemical changes, which suggests that ANLS plays an important role in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Hu
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueliang Zou
- Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaxing Luo
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Bredvik K, Liu C, Ryan TA. Characterization of β-Hydroxybutyrate as a Cell Autonomous Fuel for Active Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons: β-Hydroxybutyrate as a Fuel for Active Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598077. [PMID: 38895313 PMCID: PMC11185772 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, but the therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Although ketones are able to fuel the brain, it is not known whether ketones are directly metabolized by neurons on a time scale sufficiently rapid to fuel the bioenergetic demands of sustained synaptic transmission. Here, we show that nerve terminals can use the ketone β-hydroxybutyrate in a cell- autonomous fashion to support neurotransmission in both excitatory and inhibitory nerve terminals and that this flexibility relies on Ca2+ dependent upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Using a genetically encoded ATP sensor, we show that inhibitory axons fueled by ketones sustain much higher ATP levels under steady state conditions than excitatory axons, but that the kinetics of ATP production following activity are slower when using ketones as fuel compared to lactate/pyruvate for both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bredvik
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, 10065
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Charmaine Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, 10065
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Zhang Y, Tong L, Ma L, Ye H, Zeng S, Zhang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Bao T. Progress in The Research of Lactate Metabolism Disruption And Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300409. [PMID: 38596839 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder widely recognized for its impaired bioenergy utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in brain energy supply. Recent studies have revealed abnormal lactate metabolism in SCZ, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, gastric acid retention, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal brain iron metabolism, cerebral white matter hypermetabolic activity, and genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, astrocytes, neurons, and glutamate abnormalities are prevalent in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism, which are essential components for maintaining ANLS in the brain. Therefore, an in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ANLS in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Liang Tong
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shue Zeng
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
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5
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Hamadani CM, Mahdi F, Merrell A, Flanders J, Cao R, Vashisth P, Dasanayake GS, Darlington DS, Singh G, Pride MC, Monroe WG, Taylor GR, Hunter AN, Roman G, Paris JJ, Tanner EEL. Ionic Liquid Coating-Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305484. [PMID: 38572510 PMCID: PMC11186118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge. For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately managed by systemic antiretrovirals (ARTs). ARTs thus cannot eradicate HIV, and given CNS infection, patients experience neurological deficits collectively referred to as "neuroHIV". Herein, the development of bioinspired ionic liquid-coated nanoparticles (IL-NPs) for in situ hitchhiking on red blood cells (RBCs) is reported, which enables 48% brain delivery of intracarotid arterial- infused cargo. Moreover, IL choline trans-2-hexenoate (CA2HA 1:2) demonstrates preferential accumulation in parenchymal microglia over endothelial cells post-delivery. This study further demonstrates successful loading of abacavir (ABC), an ART that is challenging to encapsulate, into IL-NPs, and verifies retention of antiviral efficacy in vitro. IL-NPs are not cytotoxic to primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the CA2HA 1:2 coating itself confers notable anti-viremic capacity. In addition, in vitro cell culture assays show markedly increased uptake of IL-NPs into neural cells compared to bare PLGA nanoparticles. This work debuts bioinspired ionic liquids as promising nanoparticle coatings to assist CNS biodistribution and has the potential to revolutionize the delivery of cargos (i.e., drugs, viral vectors) through compartmental barriers such as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Hamadani
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular SciencesThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Anya Merrell
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Jack Flanders
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Ruofan Cao
- Department of BioMolecular SciencesThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Priyavrat Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Gaya S. Dasanayake
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Donovan S. Darlington
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Mercedes C. Pride
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Wake G. Monroe
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - George R. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Alysha N. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Gregg Roman
- Department of BioMolecular SciencesThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Jason J. Paris
- Department of BioMolecular SciencesThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Eden E. L. Tanner
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe University of MississippiUniversityMS38677USA
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Tamas C, Tamas F, Kovecsi A, Cehan A, Balasa A. Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5482. [PMID: 38791520 PMCID: PMC11122426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of glucose and lipids plays a crucial role in the normal homeostasis of the body. Although glucose is the main energy substrate, in its absence, lipid metabolism becomes the primary source of energy. The main means of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix through β-oxidation. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor (45.6%), with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000. The metabolic changes found in GBM cells and in the surrounding microenvironment are associated with proliferation, migration, and resistance to treatment. Tumor cells show a remodeling of metabolism with the use of glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known as the Warburg effect. Specialized fatty acids (FAs) transporters such as FAT, FABP, or FATP from the tumor microenvironment are overexpressed in GBM and contribute to the absorption and storage of an increased amount of lipids that will provide sufficient energy used for tumor growth and invasion. This review provides an overview of the key enzymes, transporters, and main regulatory pathways of FAs and ketone bodies (KBs) in normal versus GBM cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Kovecsi
- Department of Morphopathology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Morphopathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Cehan
- Department of Plastic, Esthetics and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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7
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Madai S, Kilic P, Schmidt RM, Bas-Orth C, Korff T, Büttner M, Klinke G, Poschet G, Marti HH, Kunze R. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway protects against acute ischemic stroke by reprogramming central carbon metabolism. Theranostics 2024; 14:2856-2880. [PMID: 38773968 PMCID: PMC11103502 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism reprogramming to sustain energy production, while reducing oxygen and energy consuming processes is crucially important for the adaptation to hypoxia/ischemia. Adaptive metabolic rewiring is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that timely activation of HIF in brain-resident cells improves the outcome from acute ischemic stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Thus, we investigated whether HIF-dependent metabolic reprogramming affects the vulnerability of brain-resident cells towards ischemic stress. Methods: We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to activate HIF in the murine brain in vivo and in primary neurons and astrocytes in vitro. Numerous metabolomic approaches and molecular biological techniques were applied to elucidate potential HIF-dependent effects on the central carbon metabolism of brain cells. In animal and cell models of ischemic stroke, we analysed whether HIF-dependent metabolic reprogramming influences the susceptibility to ischemic injury. Results: Neuron-specific gene ablation of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) protein, negatively regulating the protein stability of HIF-α in an oxygen dependent manner, reduced brain injury and functional impairment of mice after acute stroke in a HIF-dependent manner. Accordingly, PHD2 deficient neurons showed an improved tolerance towards ischemic stress in vitro, which was accompanied by enhanced HIF-1-mediated glycolytic lactate production through pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-mediated inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase. Systemic treatment of mice with roxadustat, a low-molecular weight pan-PHD inhibitor, not only increased the abundance of numerous metabolites of the central carbon and amino acid metabolism in murine brain, but also ameliorated cerebral tissue damage and sensorimotor dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke. In neurons and astrocytes roxadustat provoked a HIF-1-dependent glucose metabolism reprogramming including elevation of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, glycolytic capacity, lactate production and lactate release, which enhanced the ischemic tolerance of astrocytes, but not neurons. We found that strong activation of HIF-1 in neurons by non-selective inhibition of all PHD isoenzymes caused a HIF-1-dependent upregulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 redirecting glucose-6-phosphate from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to the glycolysis pathway. This was accompanied by a reduction of NADPH production in the PPP, which further decreased the low intrinsic antioxidant reserve of neurons, making them more susceptible to ischemic stress. Nonetheless, in organotypic hippocampal cultures with preserved neuronal-glial interactions roxadustat decreased the neuronal susceptibility to ischemic stress, which was largely prevented by restricting glycolytic energy production through lactate transport blockade. Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming alleviates the intrinsic vulnerability of brain-resident cells to ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Madai
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pinar Kilic
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf M. Schmidt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo H. Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Cantando I, Centofanti C, D’Alessandro G, Limatola C, Bezzi P. Metabolic dynamics in astrocytes and microglia during post-natal development and their implications for autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354259. [PMID: 38419654 PMCID: PMC10899402 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by elusive underlying mechanisms. Recent attention has focused on the involvement of astrocytes and microglia in ASD pathology. These glial cells play pivotal roles in maintaining neuronal homeostasis, including the regulation of metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between ASD and inborn errors of metabolism. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the functions of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This review aims to provide a summary of the metabolism of astrocytes and microglia during post-natal development and the evidence of disrupted metabolic pathways in ASD, with particular emphasis on those potentially important for the regulation of neuronal post-natal maturation by astrocytes and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Cantando
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Centofanti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina D’Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed Via Atinese 18, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed Via Atinese 18, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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9
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Soltanzadeh M, Blanchard S, Soucy JP, Benali H. Lactate's behavioral switch in the brain: An in-silico model. J Theor Biol 2023; 575:111648. [PMID: 37865309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence emphasizes lactate's involvement in both physiological processes (energy metabolism, memory, etc.) and disease (traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, etc.). Furthermore, the usefulness of mathematical modeling in deciphering underlying dynamics of the brain to investigate lactate roles and mechanisms of action has been well established. Here, we analyze a novel mathematical model of brain lactate exchanges between four compartments: neurons, astrocytes, capillaries, and extracellular space. A system of four ordinary differential equations is proposed to explain interactions between these compartments. We first optimize and analyze the model's parameters under normal, resting state conditions, and then use it to simulate changes linked to elevated arterial lactate. Our results show that even though increased arterial lactate results in increased uptake by astrocytes and release to the extracellular space, it cannot strongly recover the initial drop in neuronal lactate concentration. Also, we show that the direction of lactate transport between the compartments is influenced by the maximum astrocyte production rate and the transport rate between astrocytes and extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Soltanzadeh
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Solenna Blanchard
- University of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI-UMR 1099, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Habib Benali
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Panchenko PE, Hippauf L, Konsman JP, Badaut J. Do astrocytes act as immune cells after pediatric TBI? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106231. [PMID: 37468048 PMCID: PMC10530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are in contact with the vasculature, neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglia, forming a local network with various functions critical for brain homeostasis. One of the primary responders to brain injury are astrocytes as they detect neuronal and vascular damage, change their phenotype with morphological, proteomic and transcriptomic transformations for an adaptive response. The role of astrocytic responses in brain dysfunction is not fully elucidated in adult, and even less described in the developing brain. Children are vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which represents a leading cause of death and disability in the pediatric population. Pediatric brain trauma, even with mild severity, can lead to long-term health complications, such as cognitive impairments, emotional disorders and social dysfunction later in life. To date, the underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the astrocytic response in pediatric TBI and propose a potential immune role of the astrocyte in response to trauma. We discuss the contribution of astrocytes in the local inflammatory cascades and secretion of various immunomodulatory factors involved in the recruitment of local microglial cells and peripheral immune cells through cerebral blood vessels. Taken together, we propose that early changes in the astrocytic phenotype can alter normal development of the brain, with long-term consequences on neurological outcomes, as described in preclinical models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Hippauf
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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11
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Discovery of a second citric acid cycle complex. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15968. [PMID: 37251852 PMCID: PMC10209337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Together, Nobel Prize honoured work, mathematics, physics and the laws of nature have drawn a concept of clockwise cycling carboxylic acids in Krebs' Citric Acid Cycle. A Citric Acid Cycle complex is defined by specific substrate, product and regulation. Recently, the Citric Acid Cycle 1.1 complex was introduced as an NAD+-regulated cycle with the substrate, lactic acid and the product, malic acid. Here, we introduce the concept of the Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 complex as an FAD-regulated cycle with the substrate, malic acid and the products, succinic acid or citric acid. The function of the Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 complex is to balance stress situations within the cell. We propose that the biological function of Citric Acid Cycle 2.1 in muscles is to accelerate recovery of ATP; whereas in white tissue adipocytes our testing of the theoretical concept led to the storage of energy as lipids.
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12
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Hamadani CM, Mahdi F, Merrell A, Flanders J, Cao R, Vashisth P, Pride MC, Hunter AN, Singh G, Roman G, Paris JJ, Tanner EEL. Ionic Liquid Coating-Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2574352. [PMID: 36824802 PMCID: PMC9949257 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2574352/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge. For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately managed by systemic antiretrovirals (ARTs). ARTs thus cannot eradicate HIV, and given CNS infection, patients experience an array of neurological deficits that are collectively referred to as 'neuroHIV'. Herein we report the development of bioinspired ionic liquid-coated nanoparticles (IL-NPs) for in situ hitchhiking on red blood cells (RBCs), which enabled 48% delivery of intravenously infused cargo to the brain. Moreover, the ionic liquid (IL) choline trans-2-hexenoate (CA2HA 1:2) demonstrated preferential accumulation in parenchymal microglia over endothelial cells post-delivery. We further demonstrate the successful loading of abacavir (ABC), an ART that is challenging to encapsulate, into the IL-coated NPs and verify the retention of antiviral efficacy in vitro. IL-NPs were not cytotoxic to primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the CA2HA 1:2 coating conferred notable anti-viremic capacity on its own. In addition, in vitro cell culture assays showed markedly increased uptake of IL-coated nanoparticles into neuronal cells compared to bare nanoparticles. This work debuts bioinspired ionic liquids as promising nanoparticle coatings to assist CNS biodistribution and has the potential to revolutionize the delivery of cargos (i.e., drugs, viral vectors) through compartmental barriers such as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), illustrated in the graphical abstract below.
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Zhang S, Wu F, Zhan L, Lin W, Liang C, Pang Y, Zhang J, Mu Z. Exercise Regulates the Lactate Receptor HCAR1 and ERK1/2-PI3K/Akt Pathways to Promote Cerebral Angiogenesis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:2298-2307. [PMID: 36415798 PMCID: PMC9647616 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i10.10988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the ole and mechanism of lactate receptor (HCAR1) in the angiogenesis of leptomeningeal fibroblast-like cells. Methods Human brain fibroblast-like cells were selected and some cells were deactivated, analyzed and compared with HCAR1 mRNA and protein expressions in deactivated/normal cells. HCAR1-/- mice and wild type (WT) mice were selected and divided into WT, WT exercise, HCAE1 KO and HCAE1 KO exercise groups, with 10 mice for each group. HCAR1mRNA and expression levels of proteins in fibroblast-like cells, mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, phosphatidylinositol trihydroxykinase (PI3K), serine threonine kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in hippocampus were compared, and the microvessel density (MVD) and diameter were calculated. Results mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and MVD in hippocampus were significantly higher in the WT exercise group than those in the WT group, microvessel diameter was significantly lower than that in the WT group (P<0.05). mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and MVD in hippocampus in the HCAR1 KO and HCAR1 KO exercise groups were significantly lower than those in the WT group, microvessel diameter was higher than that in the WT group (P<0.05). Compared with the HCAR1 KO exercise group, the changes of mRNA in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and microvascular were not significant. Conclusion Exercise can promote cerebral angiogenesis through the activation of the lactate receptor HCAR1 and the ERK1/2-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Liver Disease, The Seventh Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Lan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Wennan Lin
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Chunming Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Zhuang Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161000, China
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Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710073. [PMID: 36077475 PMCID: PMC9456256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.
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The Assessment of Endovascular Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: Management, Problems and Future Approaches. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071864. [PMID: 35407472 PMCID: PMC8999747 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for over 80% of all strokes and is one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is an approved treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke of large arteries within 4.5 h of onset, and mechanical thrombectomy can be used for large arteries occlusion up to 24 h after onset. Improving diagnostic work up for acute treatment, reducing onset-to-needle time and urgent radiological access angiographic CT images (angioCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are real problems for many healthcare systems, which limits the number of patients with good prognosis in real world compared to the results of randomized controlled trials. The applied endovascular procedures demonstrated high efficacy, but some cellular mechanisms, following reperfusion, are still unknown. Changes in the morphology and function of mitochondria associated with reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion neuronal death are still understudied research fields. Moreover, future research is needed to elucidate the relationship between continuously refined imaging techniques and the variable structure or physical properties of the clot along with vascular permeability and the pleiotropism of ischemic reperfusion lesions in the penumbra, in order to define targeted preventive procedures promoting long-term health benefits.
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16
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Park JS, Saeed K, Jo MH, Kim MW, Lee HJ, Park CB, Lee G, Kim MO. LDHB Deficiency Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mouse Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020261. [PMID: 35204143 PMCID: PMC8868245 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress plays a critical role in neurodegeneration. Lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDHB) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate, an important brain energy substrate, into pyruvate. It has been reported that the LDHB pattern changes in the brain during ageing. Yet very little is known about the effect of LDHB deficiency on brain pathology. Here, we have used Ldhb knockout (Ldhb−/−) mice to test the hypothesis that LDHB deficiency plays an important role in oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. LDHB knockout (Ldhb−/−) mice were generated by the ablation of the Ldhb gene using the Cre/loxP-recombination system in the C57BL/6 genetic background. The Ldhb−/− mice were treated with either osmotin (15 μg/g of the body; intraperitoneally) or vehicle twice a week for 5-weeks. After behavior assessments, the mice were sacrificed, and the cortical and hippocampal brain regions were analyzed through biochemical and morphological analysis. Ldhb−/− mice displayed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, and they revealed depleted stores of cellular ATP, GSH:GSSG enzyme ratio, and downregulated expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, when compared to WT littermates. Importantly, the Ldhb−/− mice showed upregulated expression of apoptosis mediators (Bax, Cytochrome C, and caspase-3), and revealed impaired p-AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling. Moreover, LDHB deficiency-induced gliosis increased the production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, Nf-ĸB, and NOS2), and revealed cognitive deficits. Treatment with osmotin, an adipoR1 natural agonist, significantly increased cellular ATP production by increasing mitochondrial function and attenuated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, probably, by upregulating p-AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling in Ldhb−/− mice. In brief, LDHB deficiency may lead to brain oxidative stress-mediated progression of neurodegeneration via regulating p-AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling, while osmotin could improve mitochondrial functions, abrogate oxidative stress and alleviate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in adult Ldhb−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Chan-Bae Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; or
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.S.); (M.H.J.); (M.W.K.); (H.J.L.)
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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17
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Beard E, Lengacher S, Dias S, Magistretti PJ, Finsterwald C. Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 12:825816. [PMID: 35087428 PMCID: PMC8787066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.825816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress and homeostatic tone. Energy demands of the brain are very large, as they continuously account for 20–25% of the whole body’s energy consumption. Energy supply of the brain is tightly linked to neuronal activity, providing the origin of the signals detected by the widely used functional brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. In particular, neuroenergetic coupling is regulated by astrocytes through glutamate uptake that triggers astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and leads to glucose uptake and lactate release, a mechanism known as the Astrocyte Neuron Lactate Shuttle. Other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mobilize glycogen, the reserve for glucose exclusively localized in astrocytes, also resulting in lactate release. Lactate is then transferred to neurons where it is used, after conversion to pyruvate, as a rapid energy substrate, and also as a signal that modulates neuronal excitability, homeostasis, and the expression of survival and plasticity genes. Importantly, glycolysis in astrocytes and more generally cerebral glucose metabolism progressively deteriorate in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This decreased glycolysis actually represents a common feature of several neurological pathologies. Here, we review the critical role of astrocytes in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, and how dysregulation of astrocyte-mediated metabolic pathways is involved in brain hypometabolism. Further, we summarize recent efforts at preclinical and clinical stages to target brain hypometabolism for the development of new therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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18
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by irreversible deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Previously, studies on the involvement of glial cells in the pathogenic process of ALS have mainly revolved around astrocytes and microglia. And oligodendrocytes (OLs) have only recently been highlighted. Grey matter demyelination within the motor cortex and proliferation of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) was observed in ALS patients. The selective ablation of mutant SOD1 (the dysfunctional superoxide dismutase) from the oligodendrocyte progenitors after birth significantly delayed disease onset and prolonged the overall survival in ALS mice model (SOD1G37R). In this study, we review the several mechanisms of oligodendrocyte dysfunction involved in the pathological process of myelin damage and MNs death during ALS. Particularly, we examined the insufficient local energy supply from OLs to axons, impaired differentiation from OPCs into OLs mediated by oxidative stress damage, and inflammatory injury to the OLs. Since increasing evidence depicted that ALS is not a disease limited to MNs damage, exploring the mechanisms by which oligodendrocyte dysfunction is involved in MNs death would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of ALS and identifying potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Gong
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Min Zhang, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. Tel: +86-27-83663895, E-mail:
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19
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Rethinking the Citric Acid Cycle: Connecting Pyruvate Carboxylase and Citrate Synthase to the Flow of Energy and Material. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020604. [PMID: 33435350 PMCID: PMC7827294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. The heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex catalyses the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle, the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, and thus secures the provision of pyruvic acid. In addition, we modify Krebs’ original concept by feeding the cycle with oxaloacetic acid. Our concept enables the integration of anabolic processes and allows adaption of the organism to recover ATP faster.
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20
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Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. The two-cell model of glucose metabolism: a hypothesis of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1738-1747. [PMID: 33402704 PMCID: PMC8440173 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects over 20 million people worldwide. Common symptoms include distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, and self awareness. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the development of schizophrenia, however, there are no unifying features between the proposed hypotheses. Schizophrenic patients have perturbed levels of glucose in their cerebrospinal fluid, indicating a disturbance in glucose metabolism. We have explored the possibility that disturbances in glucose metabolism can be a general mechanism for predisposition and manifestation of the disease. We discuss glucose metabolism as a network of signaling pathways. Glucose and glucose metabolites can have diverse actions as signaling molecules, such as regulation of transcription factors, hormone and cytokine secretion and activation of neuronal cells, such as microglia. The presented model challenges well-established concepts in enzyme kinetics and glucose metabolism. We have developed a 'two-cell' model of glucose metabolism, which can explain the effects of electroconvulsive therapy and the beneficial and side effects of olanzapine treatment. Arrangement of glycolytic enzymes into metabolic signaling complexes within the 'two hit' hypothesis, allows schizophrenia to be formulated in two steps. The 'first hit' is the dysregulation of the glucose signaling pathway. This dysregulation of glucose metabolism primes the central nervous system for a pathological response to a 'second hit' via the astrocytic glycogenolysis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roosterman
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, LWL-Hospital of Psychiatry, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Graeme Stuart Cottrell
- grid.9435.b0000 0004 0457 9566School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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21
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Cserép C, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Shaping Neuronal Fate: Functional Heterogeneity of Direct Microglia-Neuron Interactions. Neuron 2020; 109:222-240. [PMID: 33271068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The functional contribution of microglia to normal brain development, healthy brain function, and neurological disorders is increasingly recognized. However, until recently, the nature of intercellular interactions mediating these effects remained largely unclear. Recent findings show microglia establishing direct contact with different compartments of neurons. Although communication between microglia and neurons involves intermediate cells and soluble factors, direct membrane contacts enable a more precisely regulated, dynamic, and highly effective form of interaction for fine-tuning neuronal responses and fate. Here, we summarize the known ultrastructural, molecular, and functional features of direct microglia-neuron interactions and their roles in brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Cserép
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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