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Ajayi DT, Teepoo S. A nanosilica-coated thread-based analytical device for nitrate and nitrite detection in food samples. Talanta 2024; 279:126582. [PMID: 39053357 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A new microfluidic thread-based analytical device (μTAD) for nitrate and nitrite determination in food samples was developed. The cotton thread substrate was coated with nanosilica to increase its hydrophilicity and stability, and polylactic acid was applied to one end of the nanosilica-coated thread to constrain the fluid flow along the thread in one direction. Quantification of nitrate and nitrite was based on the modified Griess reaction, using sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine as chromogenic reagents, and utilizing a distance-based detection technique. Linear responses were observed in a range of 4-25 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9991) for nitrite and a range of 8-50 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9989) for nitrate. The limits of detection for nitrite and nitrate were 1.5 and 3.1 mg L-1, respectively. The detection time was 5 min for nitrite analysis, and 7 min for nitrate analysis. The new method demonstrated good precision, accuracy, selectivity, and stability. The performance of the proposed μTAD for nitrite and nitrate determination in real food samples was comparable to that of the conventional UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The proposed μTAD could serve as a simple, low-cost, and portable method for nitrite and nitrate detection in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taiwo Ajayi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
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Grönroos R, Eggertsen R, Bernhardsson S, Praetorius Björk M. Effects of beetroot juice on blood pressure in hypertension according to European Society of Hypertension Guidelines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2240-2256. [PMID: 39069465 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS It has been suggested that nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) in various populations. We aimed to investigate the effect of BRJ on BP in adults with hypertension according to the European Society of Hypertension Guidelines (clinical BP ≥ 140/≥ 90 mmHg) and whether BRJ can be considered as an adjunct to hypertension drug treatment, by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SYNTHESIS PubMed, SCOPUS, Medline Ovid, Cinahl, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from inception until April 13, 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials of BRJ versus placebo, water, or no intake. Risk of bias was assessed using a standardized appraisal instrument from the Swedish Agency for Health Technology and Assessment of Social Services, which is based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The pooled BP effect size was calculated using random effects models and meta-regression. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Eleven trials (349 patients) were included. BRJ yielded a significant reduction in clinical systolic BP compared with placebo mean difference (MD) -5.31 mmHg (95% CI -7.46, -3.16; I2 = 64%, GRADE ⊕⊕OO). There was no significant effect on clinical diastolic BP or 24-h BP outcomes, and the heterogeneity was moderate to high. CONCLUSIONS Daily ingestion of 200-800 mg of nitrate from BRJ may reduce clinical systolic BP in hypertensive individuals with no sign of development of tolerance. Certainty of evidence is low, and results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grönroos
- Region Västra Götaland, Närhälsan Mölnlycke Healthcare Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Robert Eggertsen
- Region Västra Götaland, Research, Education, Development and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bernhardsson
- Region Västra Götaland, Research, Education, Development and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Praetorius Björk
- Region Västra Götaland, Research, Education, Development and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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du Toit L, Sundqvist ML, Redondo-Rio A, Brookes Z, Casas-Agustench P, Hickson M, Benavente A, Montagut G, Weitzberg E, Gabaldón T, Lundberg JO, Bescos R. The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Oral Microbiome and Salivary Biomarkers in Individuals with High Blood Pressure. J Nutr 2024; 154:2696-2706. [PMID: 39019159 PMCID: PMC11393165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green leafy vegetables (GLV) contain inorganic nitrate, an anion with potential prebiotic effects on the oral microbiome. However, it remains unclear whether GLV and pharmacological supplementation [potassium nitrate (PN)] with a nitrate salt induce similar effects on the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the effect of GLV with PN supplementation on the oral microbiome composition and salivary biomarkers in individuals with high blood pressure. METHODS Seventy individuals were randomly allocated to 3 different groups to follow a 5-wk dietary intervention. Group 1 consumed 300 mg/d of nitrate in form of GLV. Group 2 consumed pills with 300 mg/d of PN and low-nitrate vegetables. Group 3 consumed pills with potassium chloride (placebo: PLAC) and low-nitrate vegetables. The oral microbiome composition and salivary biomarkers of oral health were analyzed before and after the dietary intervention. RESULTS The GLV and PN groups showed similar microbial changes, probably nitrate-dependent, including an increase in the abundance of Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Campylobacter species, and a decrease in Veillonella, Megasphaera, Actinomyces, and Eubacterium species after the treatment. Increased abundance of Rothia species, and reduced abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Mogibacterium species were observed in the GLV group, which could be nitrate-independent. GLV and PN treatments increased salivary pH, but only GLV treatment showed an increase in the salivary buffering capacity and a reduction of lactate. CONCLUSION The combination of nitrate-dependent and nitrate-independent microbial changes in the GLV group has a stronger effect to potentially improve oral health biomarkers compared with PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa du Toit
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela L Sundqvist
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Redondo-Rio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zöe Brookes
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Casas-Agustench
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Hickson
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Benavente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Montagut
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raul Bescos
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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Nafi'an MRT, Sabirin RM, Wibowo RA, Sofyana M, Zahra IH, Wiryawan DA, Wijayatno QJ, Rohman A. Effect of nitrate supplementation on oxygen saturation levels for acute mountain sickness prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2024; 150:27-36. [PMID: 39002891 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically review the effect of nitrate supplementation on blood oxygen saturation. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception up to October 2022. Two reviewers independently conducted two stages of the screening process to include a randomized controlled trial with nitrate supplementation versus placebo intervention assessing oxygen saturation among lowlanders going to either real or simulated high altitude environments. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Fixed-effect model meta-analyses were conducted for laboratory-based studies. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for real-world studies. RESULTS We found 7 trials that met the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis of studies with some bias concerns showed an increase of 1.26 % in the SpO2 with 44 % I2 during submaximal exercise at simulated high altitudes (GRADE: low). On the contrary, a meta-analysis of studies without heterogeneity showed that nitrate supplementation aggravated oxygen saturation decline (-2.64 %, p = 0.03, GRADE: high) during rest in real high-altitude environments. A meta-analysis also showed that nitrate supplementation did not affect Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) symptoms (GRADE: high). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that nitrate supplementation did not provide benefits for AMS prevention during rest at high altitudes. The low-quality evidence showing small beneficial effects of nitrate supplementation during exercise calls for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahmaningsih Mara Sabirin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Rakhmat Ari Wibowo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jakarta, Indonesia; Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Physical Education, and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meida Sofyana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jakarta, Indonesia; School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Imtiyaz Hafizah Zahra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Danindra Ario Wiryawan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Qonita Jayanti Wijayatno
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Bowles EF, Burleigh M, Mira A, Van Breda SGJ, Weitzberg E, Rosier BT. Nitrate: "the source makes the poison". Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-27. [PMID: 39213282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2395488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Interest in the role of dietary nitrate in human health and disease has grown exponentially in recent years. However, consensus is yet to be reached as to whether consuming nitrate from various food sources is beneficial or harmful to health. Global authorities continue to recommend an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of nitrate of 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day due to concerns over its carcinogenicity. This is despite evidence showing that nitrate consumption from vegetable sources, exceeding the ADI, is associated with decreased cancer prevalence and improvements in cardiovascular, oral, metabolic and neurocognitive health. This review examines the paradox between dietary nitrate and health and disease and highlights the key role of the dietary source and food matrix in moderating this interaction. We present mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support the notion that consuming vegetable-derived nitrate promotes a beneficial increase in nitric oxide generation and limits toxic N-nitroso compound formation seen with high intakes of nitrate added during food processing or present in contaminated water. We demonstrate the need for a more pragmatic approach to nitrate-related nutritional research and guidelines. Ultimately, we provide an overview of our knowledge in this field to facilitate the various therapeutic applications of dietary nitrate, whilst maintaining population safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Bowles
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland
| | - A Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - S G J Van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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Karimzadeh L, Behrouz V, Sohrab G, Razavion T, Haji-Maghsoudi S. The association between dietary nitrate, nitrite and total antioxidant capacity with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39192837 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2395817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common, chronic, and complex disorder that leads to several disabilities and serious complications. Certain nutrients can be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate, nitrite, dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), and nitric oxide (NO) index on some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants with type 2 diabetes. A validated, semi-quantitative, food frequency questionnaire was collected to evaluate dietary intakes. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters, including glycemic indices, lipid profile, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum NO were measured using standard methods. Higher intakes of nitrate and nitrite in our study were primarily attributed to drinking water, vegetables, grains (for nitrate), dairy products, and legumes (for nitrite) rather than higher meat intakes. After adjustment for total energy, MET, BMI, and age, higher intake of nitrate was related to lower HbA1C (p = 0.001) and hs-CRP (p = 0.0.23), and greater HDL-C (p < 0.001) and serum NO (p = 0.008). Moreover, a greater nitrite intake was associated with lower DBP (p = 0.017), HbA1C (p = 0.040), FPG (p = 0.011), and higher serum NO values (p = 0.001). Higher amounts of DTAC and NO index were also related to greater DBP (p < 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively) and lower hs-CRP (p = 0.004, and p = 0.009, respectively). High intakes of dietary nitrate and nitrite, in the context of high DTAC, are significantly associated with the improvement of some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Razavion
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Haji-Maghsoudi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Simpson A, Johnston W, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Easton C, Henriquez FL, Culshaw S, Rosier BT, Burleigh M. Periodontal treatment causes a longitudinal increase in nitrite-producing bacteria. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39169836 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiome-dependent nitrate (NO3 -)-nitrite (NO2 -)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway may help regulate blood pressure. NO2 --producing bacteria in subgingival plaque are reduced in relative abundance in patients with untreated periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. In periodontitis patients, the NO2 --producing bacteria increase several months after periodontal treatment. The early effects of periodontal treatment on NO2 --producing bacteria and the NO3 --NO2 --NO pathway remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how periodontal treatment affects the oral NO2 --producing microbiome and salivary NO3 - and NO2 - levels over time. METHODS The subgingival microbiota of 38 periodontitis patients was analysed before (baseline [BL]) and 1, 7 and 90 days after periodontal treatment. Changes in NO2 --producing bacteria and periodontitis-associated bacteria were determined by 16s rRNA Illumina sequencing. Saliva samples were collected at all-time points to determine NO3 - and NO2 - levels using gas-phase chemiluminescence. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in the relative abundance of NO2 --producing species between BL and all subsequent timepoints (all p < 0.001). Periodontitis-associated species decreased at all timepoints, relative to BL (all p < 0.02). NO2 --producing species negatively correlated with periodontitis-associated species at all timepoints, with this relationship strongest 90 days post-treatment (ρ = -0.792, p < 0.001). Despite these findings, no significant changes were found in salivary NO3 - and NO2 - over time (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment induced an immediate increase in the relative abundance of health-associated NO2 --producing bacteria. This increase persisted throughout periodontal healing. Future studies should test the effect of periodontal treatment combined with NO3 - intake on periodontal and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Simpson
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - William Johnston
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Easton
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mia Burleigh
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
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Rajendra A, Bondonno NP, Zhong L, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Murray K, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Blekkenhorst LC, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Daly RM, Anstey KJ, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP. Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1327042. [PMID: 39234294 PMCID: PMC11371772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1327042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link. Objective To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality. As individuals with diabetes are at higher risk of dementia, a secondary aim was to investigate if the associations between nitrate and dementia varied by diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes status. Methods This study involved 9,149 participants aged ≥25 years from the well-characterised Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study followed over a period of 17 years. Intakes of plant-sourced, vegetable-sourced, naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate, and processed meat (where nitrate is an allowed additive)-sourced nitrate were assessed from a 74-item food frequency questionnaire completed by participants at baseline and nitrate databases were used to estimate nitrate from these different dietary sources. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Results Over 17 years of follow-up, 93 (1.0%) dementia-related deaths occurred of 1,237 (13.5%) total deaths. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants with the highest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 98 mg/day) had a 57% lower risk of dementia-related mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.22, 0.87)] compared to participants with lowest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 35 mg/day). A 66% lower risk was also seen for higher intakes of vegetable-sourced nitrate [HR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.17, 0.66)]. No association was observed for animal-sourced nitrate, but the risk was two times higher amongst those who consumed the most processed meat-sourced nitrate intake [HR (95%): 2.10 (1.07, 4.12)]. The highest intake of vegetable-sourced nitrate was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality for those with and without DM and pre-diabetes. Conclusion Encouraging the intake of nitrate-rich vegetables, such as green leafy vegetables and beetroot, may lower the risk of dementia-related mortality, particularly in individuals with (pre-) diabetes who are at a higher dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rajendra
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liezhou Zhong
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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Casas-Agustench P, Hayter JM, Ng OSB, Hallewell LV, Clark NJ, Bescos R. Nitrate, Nitrite, and Iodine Concentrations in Commercial Edible Algae: An Observational Study. Foods 2024; 13:2615. [PMID: 39200542 PMCID: PMC11353717 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible algae are a natural source of nutrients, including iodine, and can also contain nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) as they can fix nitrogen from seawater. This study aimed to analyse the NO3-, NO2-, and iodine concentrations in eighteen macroalgae and five microalgae species commercially available in the United Kingdom. NO3- and NO2- concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and iodine was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). NO3- and iodine concentrations in macroalgae (NO3-: 4050.13 ± 1925.01 mg/kg; iodine: 1925.01 ± 1455.80 mg/kg) were significantly higher than in microalgae species (NO3-: 55.73 ± 93.69 mg/kg; iodine: 17.61 ± 34.87 mg/kg; p < 0.001 for both). In the macroalgae group, nori had the highest NO3- (17,191.33 ± 980.89 mg/kg) and NO2- (3.64 ± 2.38 mg/kg) content, as well as the highest iodine content. Among microalgae, Dunaliella salina had the highest concentration of NO3- (223.00 ± 21.93 mg/kg) and iodine (79.97 ± 0.76 mg/kg), while Spirulina had the highest concentration of NO2- (7.02 ± 0.13 mg/kg). These results indicate that commercially available edible algae, particularly macroalgae species, could be a relevant dietary source of NO3- and iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Casas-Agustench
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 6AB, UK; (J.M.H.); (O.S.B.N.); (N.J.C.); (R.B.)
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10
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Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Nastos GG, Papanikolaou K, Bailey SJ, Kritsiligkou P, Nikolaidis MG. Evidence-based sports supplements: A redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:62-77. [PMID: 39147071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming number of sports supplements on the market, only seven are currently recognized as effective. Biological functions are largely regulated through redox reactions, yet no comprehensive analysis of the redox properties of these supplements has been compiled. Here, we analyze the redox characteristics of these seven supplements: bicarbonates, beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, nitrates, carbohydrates, and proteins. Our findings suggest that all sports supplements exhibit some degree of redox activity. However, the precise physiological implications of these redox properties remain unclear. Future research, employing unconventional perspectives and methodologies, will reveal new redox pixels of the exercise physiology and sports nutrition picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
| | - James N Cobley
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | | | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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11
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Piknova B, Park JW, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Jenkins A, Hellinga DG, Walter PJ, Cai H, Schechter AN. Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence and 15N-Tracer Studies in Yorkshire Pigs. Nutrients 2024; 16:2674. [PMID: 39203815 PMCID: PMC11357542 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, nitric oxide (NO) is generated either by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes from arginine or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and the microbiome and further reducing nitrite to NO by XOR or several heme proteins. Previously, we reported that skeletal muscle acts as a large nitrate reservoir in mammals, and this nitrate reservoir is systemically, as well as locally, used to generate nitrite and NO. Here, we report identifying two additional nitrate storage organs-bone and skin. We used bolus of ingested 15N-labeled nitrate to trace its short-term fluxes and distribution among organs. At baseline conditions, the nitrate concentration in femur bone samples was 96 ± 63 nmol/g, scalp skin 56 ± 22 nmol/g, with gluteus muscle at 57 ± 39 nmol/g. In comparison, plasma and liver contained 34 ± 19 nmol/g and 15 ± 5 nmol/g of nitrate, respectively. Three hours after 15N-nitrate ingestion, its concentration significantly increased in all organs, exceeding the baseline levels in plasma, skin, bone, skeletal muscle, and in liver 5-, 2.4-, 2.4-, 2.1-, and 2-fold, respectively. As expected, nitrate reduction into nitrite was highest in liver but also substantial in skin and skeletal muscle, followed by the distribution of 15N-labeled nitrite. We believe that these results underline the major roles played by skeletal muscle, skin, and bone, the three largest organs in mammals, in maintaining NO homeostasis, especially via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Jenkins
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Teffera M, Veith AC, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S, Bradfield CA, Nikodemova M, Tussing-Humphreys L, Malecki K. Diverse mechanisms by which chemical pollutant exposure alters gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108805. [PMID: 38901183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, the host, and the environment are inextricably linked across the life course with significant health impacts. Consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other micro-organisms, microbiota living within our gut are particularly dynamic and responsible for digestion and metabolism of diverse classes of ingested chemical pollutants. Exposure to chemical pollutants not only in early life but throughout growth and into adulthood can alter human hosts' ability to absorb and metabolize xenobiotics, nutrients, and other components critical to health and longevity. Inflammation is a common mechanism underlying multiple environmentally related chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, multiple cancer types, and mental health. While growing research supports complex interactions between pollutants and the gut microbiome, significant gaps exist. Few reviews provide descriptions of the complex mechanisms by which chemical pollutants interact with the host microbiome through either direct or indirect pathways to alter disease risk, with a particular focus on inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on examples of several classes of pollutants commonly ingested by humans, including (i) heavy metals, (ii) persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (iii) nitrates. Digestive enzymes and gut microbes are the first line of absorption and metabolism of these chemicals, and gut microbes have been shown to alter compounds from a less to more toxic state influencing subsequent distribution and excretion. In addition, chemical pollutants may interact with or alter the selection of more harmful and less commensal microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis, and changes in receptor-mediated signaling pathways that alter the integrity and function of the gut intestinal tract. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead (heavy metals), influence the microbiome directly by altering different classes of bacteria, and subsequently driving inflammation through metabolite production and different signaling pathways (LPS/TLR4 or proteoglycan/TLR2 pathways). POPs can alter gut microbial composition either directly or indirectly depending on their ability to activate key signaling pathways within the intestine (e.g., PCB-126 and AHR). Nitrates and nitrites' effect on the gut and host may depend on their ability to be transformed to secondary and tertiary metabolites by gut bacteria. Future research should continue to support foundational research both in vitro, in vivo, and longitudinal population-based research to better identify opportunities for prevention, gain additional mechanistic insights into the complex interactions between environmental pollutants and the microbiome and support additional translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Teffera
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Alex C Veith
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Maria Nikodemova
- College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, FL, US.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; Environmental Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
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13
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Manandhar S, Yrjänä V, Leito I, Bobacka J. Determination of benzoate in cranberry and lingonberry by using a solid-contact benzoate-selective electrode. Talanta 2024; 274:125996. [PMID: 38574535 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in processed food, and occasionally in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, while benzoic acid occurs naturally in, e.g., cranberry and lingonberry. Therefore, the determination of benzoate is of interest for product quality assurance, food safety, and personal health. In this work, a solid-contact benzoate-selective electrode (benzoate-ISE) was developed by utilising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as solid contact and a solvent polymeric membrane containing a 1,3-bis(carbazolyl)urea derivative as ionophore. The benzoate-ISE was characterised in parallel with an ionophore-free control-ISE by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiometry. The presence of the ionophore in the membrane improved the selectivity to benzoate. Benzoate-ISEs and control-ISEs were used further to determine the benzoate concentration in cranberry and lingonberry by standard addition. The results obtained with both types of ISEs were compared with those obtained by ion chromatography. The results obtained with benzoate-ISEs were consistent with those obtained with ion chromatography. On the contrary, the control-ISE (without ionophore) gave significantly higher benzoate concentrations, especially in the case of cranberry where the benzoate concentration was low (ca 0.2 g kg-1) compared to lingonberry (ca 1 g kg-1). Hence, the benzoate-selectivity of the ionophore was crucial to obtain a benzoate-ISE that was practically applicable for determination of benzoate concentrations in cranberry and lingonberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajana Manandhar
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, FI-20500, Turku, (Åbo), Finland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ville Yrjänä
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, FI-20500, Turku, (Åbo), Finland
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, FI-20500, Turku, (Åbo), Finland.
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14
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Lbban E, Macey A, Rundle J, Ashor A, Idris I, Siervo M. Effects of dietary nitrate and vitamin C co-ingestion on blood pressure and hand-grip strength in young adults. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:342-353. [PMID: 37938096 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Co-administration of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) may reduce oxidative stress, boost the conversion of nitrite ([Formula: see text]) into NO and elicit positive vascular effects. Aims: We aimed to test the effects of oral inorganic [Formula: see text] and vitamin C co-supplementation on vascular function, muscular strength, and on concentrations of urinary [Formula: see text], vitamin C, 8-isoprostanes and salivary [Formula: see text] in healthy young adults. Methods: Ten young healthy participants were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind (only for the [Formula: see text] intervention) crossover clinical trial. Participants consumed in random order: 1) nitrate-rich beetroot juice and vitamin C (N+VC), 2) nitrate-rich beetroot juice alone (N) or 3) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice alone (ND). Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured at the research centre and at home. Non-invasive, continuous measurements of BP and cardiac function parameters were performed using a Finometer device. Free-living physical activity and hand-grip strength were assessed. Salivary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and urinary [Formula: see text], 8-isoprostanes and vitamin C concentrations were measured. Results: There were no significant differences for any of the vascular outcomes between the three interventions groups. However, analyses of within-intervention changes showed a significant lower daily systolic BP in the [Formula: see text]+vitamin C (N+VC) group only (P=0.04). Urinary [Formula: see text] (P=0.002) and salivary [Formula: see text] (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the N+VC group compared to the N and ND groups. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that combining dietary [Formula: see text] with vitamin C could have protective effects on vascular function in young adults and could represent an effective strategy for the maintenance of healthy cardiovascular trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eazaz Lbban
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Macey
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joshua Rundle
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ammar Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Iskandar Idris
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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15
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Möller MN, Vitturi DA. The chemical biology of dinitrogen trioxide. REDOX BIOCHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:100026. [PMID: 38957295 PMCID: PMC11218869 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbc.2024.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Dinitrogen trioxide (N 2 O 3 ) mediates low-molecular weight and protein S- and N-nitrosation, with recent reports suggesting a role in the formation of nitrating intermediates as well as in nitrite-dependent hypoxic vasodilatation. However, the reactivity ofN 2 O 3 in biological systems results in an extremely short half-life that renders this molecule essentially undetectable by currently available technologies. As a result, evidence for in vivoN 2 O 3 formation derives from the detection of nitrosated products as well as from in vitro kinetic determinations, isotopic labeling studies, and spectroscopic analyses. This review will discuss mechanisms ofN 2 O 3 formation, reactivity and decomposition, as well as address the role of sub-cellular localization as a key determinant of its actions. Finally, evidence will be discussed supporting different roles forN 2 O 3 as a biologically relevant signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N. Möller
- Laboratorio Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío A. Vitturi
- Department of Pathology. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Tan L, Stagg L, Hanlon E, Li T, Fairley AM, Siervo M, Matu J, Griffiths A, Shannon OM. Associations between Vegetable Nitrate Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1511. [PMID: 38794749 PMCID: PMC11124077 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables increases nitric oxide bioavailability, lowers blood pressure, and improves endothelial function. These effects could also translate into reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. This systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between habitual vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence and mortality. A secondary aim was to identify factors that moderate the relationship between vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence/mortality. Seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 13 February 2023. Observational studies quantifying vegetable nitrate intake in participants aged 18+ years through self-reported dietary exposure and assessing incidence or mortality from CVD overall, or individual CVD subtypes, were eligible. Five studies including a total of 63,155 participants were included. There was an inverse association between vegetable nitrate intake and most reported CVD outcomes. Reported risk reductions tended to plateau at moderate intake, suggesting a possible ceiling effect. The risk of bias across all studies was low. The results of this systematic review suggest a potential role for vegetable nitrate in reducing CVD risk and mortality. Further randomised controlled trials are now required to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loucas Tan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (L.T.); (L.S.); (E.H.); (T.L.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Libby Stagg
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (L.T.); (L.S.); (E.H.); (T.L.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Emily Hanlon
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (L.T.); (L.S.); (E.H.); (T.L.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Toby Li
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (L.T.); (L.S.); (E.H.); (T.L.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Andrea M. Fairley
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (L.T.); (L.S.); (E.H.); (T.L.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alex Griffiths
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Oliver M. Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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17
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Barbosa PO, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RDC, Bengtsson T, Montenegro MF, Sandrim VC. The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Potential Role in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1475. [PMID: 38794713 PMCID: PMC11124146 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (HDPs) represent a global clinical challenge, affecting 5-10% of women and leading to complications for both maternal well-being and fetal development. At the heart of these complications is endothelial dysfunction, with oxidative stress emerging as a pivotal causative factor. The reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a vital indicator of this dysfunction, culminating in blood pressure dysregulation. In the therapeutic context, although antihypertensive medications are commonly used, they come with inherent concerns related to maternal-fetal safety, and a percentage of women do not respond to these therapies. Therefore, alternative strategies that directly address the pathophysiology of HDPs are required. This article focuses on the potential of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, abundantly present in dark leafy greens and beetroot, as an alternative approach to treating HDPs. The objective of this review is to discuss the prospective antioxidant role of nitrate. We hope our discussion paves the way for using nitrate to improve endothelial dysfunction and control oxidative stress, offering a potential therapy for managing HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.O.B.)
| | - José E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.O.B.)
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo F. Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Li J, Du B, Wang Y, Qiu J, Shi M, Wei M, Li L. Environmental perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposures and bone mineral density: a national cross-sectional study in the US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34459-34472. [PMID: 38703319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Associations of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposures with bone mineral density (BMD) in adults have not previously been studied. This study aimed to estimate the associations of individual and concurrent exposure of the three chemicals with adult BMD. Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2018), 1618 non-pregnant adults (age ≥ 20 years and 47.0% female) were included in this study. Survey-weighted linear regression models were used to estimate individual urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate concentrations with lumbar spine BMD and total BMD in adults. Then, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were conducted to evaluate associations of co-occurrence of the three chemicals with adult BMD. In all participants, nitrate exposure was inversely associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.054, 95%CI: - 0.097, - 0.010). In stratification analyses, significant inverse associations were observed in female and participants older than 40 years old. In WQS regressions, significant negative associations of the weighted sum of the three chemicals with total and lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.014, 95%CI: - 0.021, - 0.007; β = - 0.011, 95%CI: - 0.019, - 0.004, respectively) were found, and the dominant contributor was nitrate. In the BKMR models, non-linear dose-response associations of nitrate exposure with lumbar spine and total BMD were observed. These findings suggested that environmental perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure may reduce adult BMD and nitrate is the main contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiao Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohai Du
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Blottner D, Moriggi M, Trautmann G, Furlan S, Block K, Gutsmann M, Torretta E, Barbacini P, Capitanio D, Rittweger J, Limper U, Volpe P, Gelfi C, Salanova M. Nitrosative Stress in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle in Spaceflight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:432. [PMID: 38671880 PMCID: PMC11047620 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, metabolic, mitochondrial) that were over-nitrosylated post- vs. preflight. In a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (9 ISS days), s-nitrosylation of a nodal protein of the glycolytic flux, specific proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory chain, and over-nitrosylation of creatine kinase M-types as signs of impaired ATP production and muscle contraction proteins were seen. S-nitrosylation of serotransferrin (TF) or carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3b and 3c) represented signs of acute response microgravity muscle maladaptation. LDM nitrosoprofiles reflected recovery of mitochondrial activity, contraction proteins, and iron transporter TF as signs of muscle adaptation to microgravity. Nitrosated antioxidant proteins, alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR), and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) levels indicated signs of altered redox homeostasis and reduced protection from nitrosative stress in spaceflight. This work presents a novel spaceflight-generated dataset on s-nitrosylated muscle protein signatures from astronauts that helps both to better understand the structural and molecular networks associated to muscular nitrosative stress and to design countermeasures to dysfunction and impaired performance control in human spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.T.); (K.B.); (M.G.); (M.S.)
- NeuroMuscular System and Signaling Group, Center of Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.B.); (D.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Gabor Trautmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.T.); (K.B.); (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Sandra Furlan
- C.N.R. Neuroscience Institute, I-35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Katharina Block
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.T.); (K.B.); (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Gutsmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.T.); (K.B.); (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.B.); (D.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.B.); (D.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (J.R.); (U.L.)
| | - Ulrich Limper
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (J.R.); (U.L.)
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Merheim Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.B.); (D.C.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michele Salanova
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.T.); (K.B.); (M.G.); (M.S.)
- NeuroMuscular System and Signaling Group, Center of Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Bolletta V, Menci R, Valenti B, Morbidini L, Servili M, Taticchi A, Lilli E, Pauselli M. Feeding pigs with hazelnut skin and addition of a concentrated phenolic extract from olive-milling wastewaters during pork processing: Effects on salami quality traits and acceptance by the consumers. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109479. [PMID: 38471360 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Two groups of ten barrows received a conventional- (CTRL) or an experimental- (HZL) finishing diet containing 11% of hazelnut skin. From each barrow, two types of salami (namely, NITR, and PHEN) were obtained. NITR salami was added with E250 and E252. The latter were replaced by a phenolic concentrated extract from olive-milling wastewaters in PHEN salami. Salami fatty acids (FA), antioxidant capacity, lipid and color stability during refrigerated storage were assessed. A consumer test was also performed. Feeding strategy minimally affected the investigated parameters. PHEN salami had lower TBARS than NITR salami (P-value <0.001) during refrigerated storage despite comparable antioxidant capacity and similar PUFA content. Moreover, within CTRL group, lipid oxidation was lower in PHEN than NITR salami (P-value = 0.040). At the blind taste, dietary treatment did not affect salami sensorial properties nor consumer acceptance, whereas NITR salami showed better color (P-value = 0.036). Interestingly, HZL and PHEN salami showed improved sensorial properties and consumer acceptance after that consumers received information on salami origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bolletta
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ruggero Menci
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, FiBL, Pôle Bio - Ecosite du Val de Drôme - 150 Avenue de Judée, 26400 Eurre, France
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luciano Morbidini
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Lilli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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21
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Darabi Z, Siervo M, Webb RJ, McMahon N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mazidi M. Dietary nitrate intake and association with markers of cardiometabolic risk in Iranian female adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:264-269. [PMID: 38212504 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Dietary nitrates are thought to confer several cardiometabolic health benefits, including improvements in blood pressure and the plasma lipid profile. However, existing data from Iran is conflicting and there is a dearth of literature focusing on non-adult populations. A total of 988 adolescent girls were recruited from schools in different areas of Mashhad and Sabzevar, Iran. Dietary nitrate intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and participants were categorized into quartiles based on this. Differences in participant characteristics between quartiles were assessed using one-way ANOVA and associations between total nitrate intake, nitrate intake from vegetables and cardiometabolic risk markers (blood lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were assessed using linear regression. Nitrate intake from vegetables was positively correlated with triglycerides, even after adjusting for several variables (β = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.002-0.097; P = 0.043). Total nitrate intake was also significantly positively associated with serum triglycerides (β = 0.097, 95% CI = 0.010-0.084; P = 0.012); however, this relationship disappeared after adjusting for several variables. Significant interaction effects were observed between total nitrate intake, nitrate intake from vegetables, and vitamin C upon triglycerides (P < 0.01). No significant relationships were found between total nitrate intake, nitrate intake from vegetables, and other cardiometabolic risk markers. Our findings suggest there may be neutral or possibly detrimental cardiovascular effects of dietary nitrate and/or vitamin C intake which are not in agreement with contemporary literature and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Richard J Webb
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool Hope University, Taggart Avenue, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK
| | - Nicholas McMahon
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Role of Nitrate-Rich Vegetables. Foods 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38472804 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic radical produced by both the non-enzymatic nitrate (NO3-)-nitrite (NO2-)-NO pathway and enzymatic reactions catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Also, as nitrate and nitrite from dietary and other endogenous sources can be reduced back to nitric oxide in vivo, the endogenous NO level can be increased through the consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. Ingestion of dietary NO3- has beneficial effects which have been attributed to a subsequent increase in NO: a signaling molecule that may regulate various systems, including the cardiovascular system. A diet rich in NO3- from green leafy and root vegetables has cardioprotective effects, with beetroot products being particularly good sources of NO3-. For example, various studies have demonstrated a significant increase in nitrite levels (regarded as markers of NO) in plasma after the intake of beetroot juice. The present review describes the current literature concerning the role of nitrate-rich vegetables (especially beetroot products) in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Sci Finder, Web of Science, and SCOPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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23
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Mirzababaei A, Mahmoodi M, Abaj F, Barkhidarian B, Dehghani A, Khalili P, Roumi Z, Mirzaei K. The association of dietary nitrates/nitrites intake and the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and kynurenine in adults: a population-based study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346074. [PMID: 38450240 PMCID: PMC10915207 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary nitrate and nitrite may affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and kynurenine (KYN). However, this association and the exact mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between dietary consumption of nitrite and nitrate on TMAO and KYN levels in adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was employed on a subsample baseline phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Employee's Cohort Study (TEC). A total of 250 adults aged 18 years or older were included in the current analysis. Data on the dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary intakes of nitrite and nitrate were estimated using the FFQ with 144 items. Serum profiles and TMAO and KYN were measured using a standard protocol. Results The findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between the intake of animal sources of nitrate and nitrite and the likelihood of having elevated levels of TMAO and KYN. Specifically, after adjustment, individuals with the highest intake adherence to nitrates from animal sources exhibited increased odds of having the highest level of TMAO (≥51.02 pg/ml) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.59-3.88, P = 0.03) and KYN (≥417.41 pg/ml) (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.73-4.17, P = 0.02). Additionally, subjects with the highest animal intake from nitrite sources have 1.73 and 1.45 times higher odds of having the highest levels of TMAO and KYN. These results emphasize the potential implications of animal-derived nitrate and nitrite consumption on the levels of TMAO and KYN. Conclusion The present evidence indicates that a high level of nitrate and nitrite intake from animal sources can increase the odds of high levels of TMAO and KYN. Further studies suggest that we should better evaluate and understand this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bahareh Barkhidarian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pardis Khalili
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Zoughaib WS, Fry MJ, Singhal A, Coggan AR. Beetroot juice supplementation and exercise performance: is there more to the story than just nitrate? Front Nutr 2024; 11:1347242. [PMID: 38445207 PMCID: PMC10912565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1347242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the comparative effects of different sources of dietary nitrate (NO3-), beetroot juice (BRJ) and nitrate salts (NIT), on physiological function and exercise capacity. Our objectives were to determine whether BRJ is superior to NIT in enhancing exercise-related outcomes, and to explore the potential contribution of other putatively beneficial compounds in BRJ beyond NO3-. We conducted a comparative analysis of recent studies focused on the impact of BRJ versus NIT on submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), endurance performance, adaptations to training, and recovery from muscle-damaging exercise. While both NO3- sources provide benefits, there is some evidence that BRJ may offer additional advantages, specifically in reducing VO2 during high-intensity exercise, magnifying performance improvements with training, and improving recovery post-exercise. These reported differences could be due to the hypothesized antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties of BRJ resulting from the rich spectrum of phytonutrients it contains. However, significant limitations to published studies directly comparing BRJ and NIT make it quite challenging to draw any firm conclusions. We provide recommendations to help guide further research into the important question of whether there is more to the story of BRJ than just NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Madison J. Fry
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ahaan Singhal
- School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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25
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Bodie AR, Wythe LA, Dittoe DK, Rothrock MJ, O’Bryan CA, Ricke SC. Alternative Additives for Organic and Natural Ready-to-Eat Meats to Control Spoilage and Maintain Shelf Life: Current Perspectives in the United States. Foods 2024; 13:464. [PMID: 38338599 PMCID: PMC10855140 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Food additives are employed in the food industry to enhance the color, smell, and taste of foods, increase nutritional value, boost processing efficiency, and extend shelf life. Consumers are beginning to prioritize food ingredients that they perceive as supporting a healthy lifestyle, emphasizing ingredients they deem acceptable as alternative or "clean-label" ingredients. Ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products can be contaminated with pathogens and spoilage microorganisms after the cooking step, contributing to food spoilage losses and increasing the risk to consumers for foodborne illnesses. More recently, consumers have advocated for no artificial additives or preservatives, which has led to a search for antimicrobials that meet these demands but do not lessen the safety or quality of RTE meats. Lactates and diacetates are used almost universally to extend the shelf life of RTE meats by reducing spoilage organisms and preventing the outgrowth of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. These antimicrobials applied to RTE meats tend to be broad-spectrum in their activities, thus affecting overall microbial ecology. It is to the food processing industry's advantage to target spoilage organisms and pathogens specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Bodie
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.R.B.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Lindsey A. Wythe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.R.B.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Dana K. Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Athens, GA 30605, USA;
| | - Corliss A. O’Bryan
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.R.B.); (L.A.W.)
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26
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Apte M, Nadavade N, Sheikh SS. A review on nitrates' health benefits and disease prevention. Nitric Oxide 2024; 142:1-15. [PMID: 37981005 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nitrates (NO3-) are naturally occurring compounds in various vegetables, especially beetroot, which is mainly supplemented in the form of BRJ. Dietary nitrates (NO3-) play a crucial function in human physiology. On consumption, nitrates (NO3-) undergo a conversion process, producing nitric oxide (NO) via a complex metabolic pathway. Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with many physiological processes, entailing immune modulation, neurotransmission, and vasodilation, enabling blood vessel dilation and relaxation, which boosts blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, positively influencing cardiovascular health, exercise performance, and cognitive function. There are various analytical processes to determine the level of nitrate (NO3-) present in dietary sources. The impact of dietary nitrates (NO3-) can differ among individuals. Thus, the review revisits the dietary source of nitrates (NO3-), its metabolism, absorption, excretion, analytical techniques to assess nitrates (NO3-) content in various dietary sources, and discusses health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Apte
- Department: Quality Assurance, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Nishigandha Nadavade
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sohail Shakeel Sheikh
- Department: Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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27
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Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Dajani RM, Prater MC, Nguyen HVM, Vrancken K, Hays FA, Hord NG. Dietary Nitrate from Plant Foods: A Conditionally Essential Nutrient for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100158. [PMID: 38008359 PMCID: PMC10776916 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Under specific conditions, such as catabolic stress or systemic inflammation, endogenous nutrient production becomes insufficient and exogenous supplementation (for example, through dietary intake) is required. Herein, we propose consideration of a dietary nitrate from plant foods as a conditionally essential nutrient for cardiovascular health based on its role in nitric oxide homeostasis. Nitrate derived from plant foods may function as a conditionally essential nutrient, whereas nitrate obtained from other dietary sources, such as drinking water and cured/processed meats, warrants separate consideration because of the associated health risks. We have surveyed the literature and summarized epidemiological evidence regarding the effect of dietary nitrate on cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Meta-analyses and population-based observational studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse association of dietary nitrate with blood pressure and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Considering the available evidence, we suggest 2 different approaches to providing dietary guidance on nitrate from plant-based dietary sources as a nutrient: the Dietary Reference Intakes developed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and the dietary guidelines evaluated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Ultimately, this proposal underscores the need for food-based dietary guidelines to capture the complex and context-dependent relationships between nutrients, particularly dietary nitrate, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara da C Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rosa M Dajani
- Nutrition and Food Services, San Francisco Health, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - M Catherine Prater
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Dawson Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hoang Van M Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Franklin A Hays
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Norman G Hord
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
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28
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Ene CD, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Matei C, Leulescu IMT, Dogaru CI, Penescu MN, Nicolae I. Disturbances in Nitric Oxide Cycle and Related Molecular Pathways in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5797. [PMID: 38136342 PMCID: PMC10741465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to note that maintaining adequate levels of nitric oxide (NO), the turnover, and the oxidation level of nitrogen are essential for the optimal progression of cellular processes, and alterations in the NO cycle indicate a crucial step in the onset and progression of multiple diseases. Cellular accumulation of NO and reactive nitrogen species in many types of tumour cells is expressed by an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress in the tumour microenvironment. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a progressive metabolic disease in which tumour cells can adapt to metabolic reprogramming to enhance NO production in the tumour space. Understanding the factors governing NO biosynthesis metabolites in ccRCC represents a relevant, valuable approach to studying NO-based anticancer therapy. Exploring the molecular processes mediated by NO, related disturbances in molecular pathways, and NO-mediated signalling pathways in ccRCC could have significant therapeutic implications in managing and treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (M.N.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.T.L.); (C.I.D.); (I.N.)
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.T.L.); (C.I.D.); (I.N.)
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia Maria Teodora Leulescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.T.L.); (C.I.D.); (I.N.)
| | - Claudia Ioana Dogaru
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.T.L.); (C.I.D.); (I.N.)
| | - Mircea Nicolae Penescu
- Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (M.N.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.T.L.); (C.I.D.); (I.N.)
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29
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Esen O, Karayigit R, Peart DJ. Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance intermittent running performance in trained rugby players. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2321-2328. [PMID: 37394944 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2230942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTPurpose: Since the effect of dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on rugby performance is unclear, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acute NO3- supplementation, on the modified Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (IR1) performance test in trained male rugby players.Methods: In a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 12 trained rugby union players performed two experimental trials three hours after supplementation of either 140 mL NO3--rich (BRJ; ∼12.8 mmol NO3-) or NO3--depleted (PLA) BRJ. After blood sampling, players performed the modified Yo-Yo IR1 test. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) were also measured before (pre-CMJ) and after (post-CMJ) the prone Yo-Yo IR1 test.Results: Plasma NO3- (BRJ: 570 ± 146 µM vs. PLA: 72 ± 23 µM) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations (BRJ: 320 ± 123 nM vs. PLA: 103 ± 57 nM) were increased after BRJ compared to PLA supplementation (both P < 0.001). Performance in the modified Yo-Yo IR1 test did not differ between BRJ (542 ± 209 m) and PLA (498 ± 185 m, P = 0.3). The jump height in pre-CMJ and in post-CMJ were similar between trials (both P > 0.05).Conclusions: Acute BRJ supplementation increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations but had no benefit on an intermittent running test that reflects the demands of rugby performance, and CMJ performances. The findings do not support acute high-dose NO3- supplementation as an ergogenic aid to enhance physical performance in trained male rugby players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Esen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Raci Karayigit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Daniel J Peart
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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30
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Sheppard AM, van de Ligt JLG, Pillai P, Crincoli CM, Faris RJ, McGhee ML, Frederick BR. Safety of dietary nitrate supplementation by calcium nitrate for finishing pigs as measured by methemoglobin and serum and tissue nitrate levels. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 8:txad135. [PMID: 38221961 PMCID: PMC10782891 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrate supplementation has been studied as a beneficial constituent of the human diet, particularly for its effects on vascular health through vasodilation. Recent studies have focused on the benefits of nitrate supplementation in animals, especially in swine. Up to 1,200 mg/kg dietary nitrate supplementation from Ca nitrate was beneficial in farrowing and lactating sows and their offspring, and up to 6,000 mg/kg supplemental nitrate showed no adverse health effects in sows or piglets. Controlled study data evaluating the safety of nitrate supplementation to growing swine of any weight class is scant. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increased inclusion rates of dietary nitrate through the addition of Ca nitrate in diets would not influence concentrations of nitrate or nitrite in serum and tissue, nor blood hemoglobin and methemoglobin. Forty-eight individually housed pigs (initial weight 119.1 ± 5.3 kg) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg dietary nitrate and fed experimental diets for 28 d. Growth performance was not influenced (P > 0.10) by dietary treatment. The most sensitive safety endpoint, methemoglobin, did not change (P > 0.10) with dietary nitrate exposure up to 2,000 mg/kg. Serum and tissue nitrate and nitrite levels, myoglobin, and hemoglobin were not adversely affected (P > 0.10). Total myoglobin in the loin linearly increased (P < 0.05) with greater dietary nitrate in the diet, which is correlated with the red color of meat. This work established the safety of up to 2,000 mg/kg dietary nitrate from Ca nitrate as an ingredient in food for finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Faris
- Animal Nutrition and Health, Cargill, Inc., Wayzata, MN 55391, USA
| | - Molly L McGhee
- Animal Nutrition and Health, Cargill, Inc., Wayzata, MN 55391, USA
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Nguyen NN, Tran LTD, Ho NDK, Huynh LBP, Nguyen HS, Chen YC. Dietary nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamine in association with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad148. [PMID: 38007611 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes is a global health concern, and diet is a contributing factor to diabetes. Findings regarding the connection between nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamine and diabetes risk are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the effects of these dietary compounds on diabetes risk. DATA SOURCES The data were sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science until February 28, 2023. Studies that reported individual-level consumption of these compounds were included. Review articles or ecological studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION The number of events and total observations were recorded. DATA ANALYSIS The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated and displayed in a forest plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were predefined. A dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to determine the exposure intervals that may increase the risk of disease. Six observational reports that met the inclusion criteria were included, involving 108 615 individuals. Participants in the highest quantile of nitrite intake had a greater risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quantile (OR, 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.39; I2 = 74%, P = 0.02). Higher nitrosamine consumption tended to increase diabetes risk (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.76-3.04; I2 = 76%; P = 0.24). The relationship was stronger for type 1 (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.20-2.67; I2 = 58%; P < 0.01) than for type 2 diabetes (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.86-2.37; I2 = 71%; P = 0.17). Additionally, nitrite consumption had a dose-dependent association with both phenotypes. No association was found between diabetes risk and high nitrate intake (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.18; I2 = 28%; P = 0.87). CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the consumption of nitrite-containing foods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023394462 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394462).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam N Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh T D Tran
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ngan D K Ho
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh B P Huynh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung S Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cottrell EC. Should the non-canonical pathway of nitric oxide generation be targeted in hypertensive pregnancies? Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37921362 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in pregnancy is prevalent, affecting around 10% of pregnancies worldwide, and significantly increases the risk of adverse outcomes for both mothers and their babies. Current treatment strategies for pregnant women with hypertension are limited, and new approaches for the management of hypertension in pregnancy are urgently needed. Substantial evidence from non-pregnant subjects has demonstrated the potential for dietary nitrate supplementation to increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and lower blood pressure, following bioactivation via the non-canonical NO pathway. Emerging data suggest this approach may also be of benefit in pregnant women, although studies are limited. This review aims to summarise the current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of nitrate supplementation in pregnancy, drawing on data from non-pregnant populations where appropriate and highlighting key gaps in knowledge that remain to be addressed in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Desrosiers NA, Chow BLC. Impact of methemoglobin on carboxyhemoglobin saturation measurement in fatal sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite cases. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:750-752. [PMID: 37670565 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in suicide cases by sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite ingestion has been noted in the scientific literature. We report on the possible impact of nitrate/nitrite-caused methemoglobinemia on carboxyhemoglobin measurement by spectrophotometric methods. Elevated methemoglobin saturation may result in insufficient reducing agents to convert methemoglobin into deoxygenated hemoglobin, affecting the measured total hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin saturation. We highlight four cases where the cause of death was attributed to sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite ingestion. The possible impact of the nitrate/nitrite-caused methemoglobinemia on the carboxyhemoglobin saturation as measured by spectrophotometry is discussed. Further studies are needed to identify a causal relationship between nitrate/nitrite-caused methemoglobinemia and carboxyhemoglobin saturation as measured by spectrophotometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betty L C Chow
- Toxicology Section, Centre of Forensic Sciences, Toronto, ON M3M 0B1, Canada
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Alharbi M, Stephan BC, Shannon OM, Siervo M. Does dietary nitrate boost the effects of caloric restriction on brain health? Potential physiological mechanisms and implications for future research. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:45. [PMID: 37880786 PMCID: PMC10599060 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent and costly disease characterised by deterioration of cognitive and physical capacity due to changes in brain function and structure. Given the absence of effective treatment options for dementia, dietary and other lifestyle approaches have been advocated as potential strategies to reduce the burden of this condition. Maintaining an optimal nutritional status is vital for the preservation of brain function and structure. Several studies have recognised the significant role of nutritional factors to protect and enhance metabolic, cerebrovascular, and neurocognitive functions. Caloric restriction (CR) positively impacts on brain function via a modulation of mitochondrial efficiency, endothelial function, neuro-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy responses. Dietary nitrate, which serves as a substrate for the ubiquitous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), has been identified as a promising nutritional intervention that could have an important role in improving vascular and metabolic brain regulation by affecting oxidative metabolism, ROS production, and endothelial and neuronal integrity. Only one study has recently tested the combined effects of both interventions and showed preliminary, positive outcomes cognitive function. This paper explores the potential synergistic effects of a nutritional strategy based on the co-administration of CR and a high-nitrate diet as a potential and more effective (than either intervention alone) strategy to protect brain health and reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang M, Wang M, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. From nitrate to NO: potential effects of nitrate-reducing bacteria on systemic health and disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:425. [PMID: 37821966 PMCID: PMC10566198 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has described improving multisystem disease and organ function through dietary nitrate (DN) supplementation. They have provided some evidence that these floras with nitrate (NO3-) reductase are mediators of the underlying mechanism. Symbiotic bacteria with nitrate reductase activity (NRA) are found in the human digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract (GT). Nitrate in food can be converted to nitrite under the tongue or in the stomach by these symbiotic bacteria. Then, nitrite is transformed to nitric oxide (NO) by non-enzymatic synthesis. NO is currently recognized as a potent bioactive agent with biological activities, such as vasodilation, regulation of cardiomyocyte function, neurotransmission, suppression of platelet agglutination, and prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. NO also can be produced through the conventional L-arginine-NO synthase (L-NOS) pathway, whereas endogenous NO production by L-arginine is inhibited under hypoxia-ischemia or disease conditions. In contrast, exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO activity is enhanced and becomes a practical supplemental pathway for NO in the body, playing an essential role in various physiological activities. Moreover, many diseases (such as metabolic or geriatric diseases) are primarily associated with disorders of endogenous NO synthesis, and NO generation from the exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO route can partially alleviate the disease progression. The imbalance of NO in the body may be one of the potential mechanisms of disease development. Therefore, the impact of these floras with nitrate reductase on host systemic health through exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO pathway production of NO or direct regulation of floras ecological balance is essential (e.g., regulation of body homeostasis, amelioration of diseases, etc.). This review summarizes the bacteria with nitrate reductase in humans, emphasizing the relationship between the metabolic processes of this microflora and host systemic health and disease. The potential effects of nitrate reduction bacteria on human health and disease were also highlighted in disease models from different human systems, including digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, and urinary systems, providing innovative ideas for future disease diagnosis and treatment based on nitrate reduction bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ghaemi F, Emadzadeh M, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Zengin G, Sahebkar A. Impact of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4429-4441. [PMID: 37461211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of polyphenol-rich fruits in decreasing cardiovascular mortality, the impact of pomegranate juice (PJ) on blood pressure is still unclear. To determine the effect of PJ on blood pressure. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched comprehensively using relevant keywords. All studies using pomegranate juice alone were included although limited to human studies and the English language. A random-effects model and the generic inverse variance approach were used to determine quantitative data synthesis. Meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials (n = 573 individuals) demonstrated a reduction in systolic BP (SBP) with pomegranate juice (MD: -5.02 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.55 to -2.48, p < 0.001). Effect of study duration showed pomegranate juice intake ≤2 months significantly decreased SBP (MD: -4.59 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.10 to -2.08, p < 0.001) and DBP (MD: -2.94 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.25 to -0.63, p = 0.01). Consumption of ≤300 mL pomegranate juice daily reduced SBP (MD: -6.11 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.22 to -3.00, p < 0.001). Counterintuitively, >300 mL/day of pomegranate juice showed no effect on SBP (MD: -3.28 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.85 to 0.27, p = 0.07) but a significant DBP reduction occurred (MD: -3.10 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.74 to -0.47, p = 0.02). Meta-regression showed that the SBP-lowering effect of pomegranate juice was associated with the dose of supplementation (p < 0.001). Pomegranate juice appeared to decrease SBP and DBP in a dose-dependent manner, but the benefit was lost after 2 months of pomegranate juice intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Physiology Research Laboratory, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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37
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Xu H, Zhu Y, Yu B, Du M, Feng J, Zhuang J, Ma R, Jiao Z. Comparative analysis of helium and air surface micro-discharge plasma treatment on the microbial reduction and quality attributes of beef slices. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109259. [PMID: 37352783 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to compare the effects of helium and air surface micro-discharge (SMD) plasma on the microbial safety and quality of beef tissues. For the beef tissue model, the concentration and diffusion depth of hydroxyl radical and ozone have different change patterns over plasma treatment time and distance in helium and air SMD plasma. The inactivation efficiency of helium plasma depended on the plasma treatment time and distance, while the inactivation efficiency of air plasma only depended on the treatment time. For the fresh beef slices, air SMD plasma treatment exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli than helium SMD plasma treatment (1.5 versus 0.9; 0.9 versus 0.28 log CFU/g at 10 min). However, air SMD plasma treatment caused more adverse effects on beef quality, leading to a smooth surface, extensive lipid oxidation, protein structure damage, low pH and discoloration compared to helium SMD plasma treatment. This work provides valuable guidelines for the working gas choice in the practical application of plasma to meat decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupan Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Du
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou 510800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Belal HEE, Abdelpary MAM, Desoky ESM, Ali EF, Al Kashgry NAT, Rady MM, Semida WM, Mahmoud AEM, Sayed AAS. Effect of Eco-Friendly Application of Bee Honey Solution on Yield, Physio-Chemical, Antioxidants, and Enzyme Gene Expressions in Excessive Nitrogen-Stressed Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3435. [PMID: 37836175 PMCID: PMC10575117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) pollutes the environment and causes greenhouse gas emissions; however, the application of eco-friendly plant biostimulators (BSs) can overcome these issues. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the role of diluted bee honey solution (DHS) in attenuating the adverse impacts of N toxicity on Phaseolus vulgaris growth, yield quality, physio-chemical properties, and defense systems. For this purpose, the soil was fertilized with 100, 125, and 150% of the recommended N dose (RND), and the plants were sprayed with 1.5% DHS. Trials were arranged in a two-factor split-plot design (N levels occupied main plots × DH- occupied subplots). Excess N (150% RND) caused a significant decline in plant growth, yield quality, photosynthesis, and antioxidants, while significantly increasing oxidants and oxidative damage [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•-), nitrate, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. However, DHS significantly improved antioxidant activities (glutathione and nitrate reductases, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) and osmoregulatory levels (soluble protein, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars). Enzyme gene expressions showed the same trend as enzyme activities. Additionally, H2O2, O2•-, EL, MDA, and nitrate levels were significantly declined, reflecting enhanced growth, yield, fruit quality, and photosynthetic efficiency. The results demonstrate that DHS can be used as an eco-friendly approach to overcome the harmful impacts of N toxicity on P. vulgaris plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E. E. Belal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Mostafa A. M. Abdelpary
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Esmat F. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (N.A.T.A.K.)
| | - Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.); (N.A.T.A.K.)
| | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Wael M. Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Amr E. M. Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Ali A. S. Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.E.E.B.); (M.A.M.A.)
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Soroczyńska J, Socha K, Zujko ME. Are Chokeberry Products Safe for Health? Evaluation of the Content of Contaminants and Health Risk. Foods 2023; 12:3271. [PMID: 37685204 PMCID: PMC10487231 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of chokeberry fruit have been confirmed in numerous scientific studies. It has been shown that the consumption of these fruits, due to the high content of bioactive compounds, has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to having hypolipemic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, different conditions and methods of fruit cultivation, as well as methods of juice and fiber production, may result in a high content of toxic substances, which reduce the health value of chokeberry products. Many substances are environmental pollutants. In this study, for the first time, we examined the content of toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb), nitrates, and nitrites in all chokeberry juices (organic, conventional, from concentrate, and not from fruit concentrate) without additives and in all chokeberry fibers available in Poland. In addition, risk indicators of adverse health effects were calculated. The median content of the contaminants tested in juices was 0.461 µg/kg for As, 1.170 µg/kg for Cd, 0.427 µg/kg for Hg, 1.404 µg/kg for Pb, 4.892 mg/kg for NO2-, and 41.788 mg/kg for NO3-. These values did not exceed the permissible standards for the calculated indicators. There were also no statistically significant differences in the content of Cd, Hg, and Pb, as well as nitrates (III) and nitrates (V), in the tested juices depending on the method of cultivation and juice production. However, statistically significant differences in As content were found between juices from conventional and organic cultivation (1.032 µg/kg vs. 0.458 µg/kg) and juices from concentrate and not from concentrate (1.164 µg/kg vs. 0.460 µg/kg). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to impurities in fibers. It is shown that the consumption of chokeberry juice and fiber in the amount normally consumed does not pose a health risk associated with the intake of toxic substances; in the case of long-term fiber consumption, the Pb content should be monitored. In particular, organic juices and those not from fruit concentrate are recommended due to the lower As content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jolanta Soroczyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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Macuh M, Kojić N, Knap B. The Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Performance as a Function of Habitual Dietary Intake of Nitrates: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Elite Football Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:3721. [PMID: 37686753 PMCID: PMC10489871 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrates are an effective ergogenic supplement; however, the effects of nitrate supplements based on habitual dietary nitrate intake through diet alone are not well understood. We aimed to assess this in a group of 15 highly trained football players from Slovenian football's First Division. Participants underwent two separate Cooper performance tests either with nitrate supplementation (400 mg nitrates) or placebo while having their nutrition assessed for nitrate intake, as well as energy and macronutrient intake. Nitrate supplementation had a statistically significant positive effect on performance if baseline dietary nitrate intake was below 300 mg (p = 0.0104) in both the placebo and intervention groups. No effects of nitrate supplementation when baseline dietary nitrate intake was higher than 300 mg in the placebo group could be concluded due to the small sample size. Nitrate supplementation did not have a significant effect on perceived exertion. The daily nitrate intake of the participants was measured at 165 mg, with the majority of nitrates coming from nitrate-rich vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Macuh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 10, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nenad Kojić
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 10, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Knap
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Uddin R, Islam GMR, Uddin MZ, Thakur MU. Development and validation of an effective and sensitive technique for nitrate determination in fruits and vegetables using HPLC/PDA. BMC Chem 2023; 17:105. [PMID: 37620944 PMCID: PMC10463336 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop an effective and sensitive HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method to determine the nitrate concentration in fruits and vegetables (F & V) using a C18 column (ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18, 80Å, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm (Agilent Technologies)) maintained at 40 0 C, a mobile phase made up of methanol and buffer (pentane sulfonic acid sodium salt solution), and a Photo Diode Array Detector (PDA) at 225 nm. The developed method is validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, suitability, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC. The result revealed that a ratio of 30: 70 of the organic modifier methanol and buffer with pH 2.8 shows the highest efficiency. The calibration curve shows linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9985. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 2.26 mg/kg and 7.46 mg/kg. The recovery was in the range of 98.96-100.21%. Moreover, the greenness assessment scores of different approaches (eco-scale score of 76, AGREE score of 0.71, and few red shades in GAPI portray) were at a very excellent level. Thus, our developed method is fully validated and can determine the nitrate content in F & V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhan Uddin
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - G M Rabiul Islam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Mostak Uddin Thakur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Training Institute for Chemical Industries, Narsingdi, 1611, Bangladesh
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de Crom TOE, Blekkenhorst L, Vernooij MW, Ikram MK, Voortman T, Ikram MA. Dietary nitrate intake in relation to the risk of dementia and imaging markers of vascular brain health: a population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:352-359. [PMID: 37536866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide is a free radical that can be produced from dietary nitrate and positively affects cardiovascular health. With cardiovascular health playing an important role in the etiology of dementia, we hypothesized a link between dietary nitrate intake and the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to find the association of total, vegetable, and nonvegetable dietary nitrate intake with the risk of dementia and imaging markers of vascular brain health, such as total brain volume, global cerebral perfusion, white matter hyperintensity volume, microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts. METHODS Between 1990 and 2009, dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires in 9543 dementia-free participants (mean age, 64 y; 58% female) from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. Participants were followed up for incidence dementia until January 2020. We used Cox models to determine the association between dietary nitrate intake and incident dementia. Using linear mixed models and logistic regression models, we assessed the association of dietary nitrate intake with changes in imaging markers across 3 consecutive examination rounds (mean interval between images 4.6 y). RESULTS Participants median dietary nitrate consumption was 85 mg/d (interquartile range, 55 mg/d), derived on average for 81% from vegetable sources. During a mean follow-up of 14.5 y, 1472 participants developed dementia. A higher intake of total and vegetable dietary nitrate was associated with a lower risk of dementia per 50-mg/d increase [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 0.98; and HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97, respectively] but not with changes in neuroimaging markers. No association between nonvegetable dietary nitrate intake and the risk of dementia (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.64, 2.07) or changes in neuroimaging markers were observed. CONCLUSIONS A higher dietary nitrate intake from vegetable sources was associated with a lower risk of dementia. We found no evidence that this association was driven by vascular brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca O E de Crom
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lauren Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Sagar PS, Munt A, Saravanabavan S, Vahedi FA, Elhindi J, Nguyen B, Chau K, Harris DC, Lee V, Sud K, Wong N, Rangan GK. Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:482. [PMID: 37507763 PMCID: PMC10386227 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in part, contributes to early-onset hypertension. Beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) by increasing NO-mediated vasodilation. The aim of this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study is to test the hypothesis that BRJ reduces systolic and diastolic clinic BP in hypertensive adults with ADPKD. METHODS Participants with ADPKD and treated hypertension (n = 60) will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive a daily dose of either nitrate-replete (400 mg nitrate/day) or nitrate-deplete BRJ for 4 weeks. The co-primary outcomes are change in mean systolic and diastolic clinic BP before and after 4 weeks of treatment with daily BRJ. Secondary outcomes are changes in daily home BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum and salivary nitrate/nitrite levels and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels before and after 4 weeks of BRJ. DISCUSSION The effect of BRJ in ADPKD has not been previously tested. BRJ is an accessible, natural dietary supplement that, if effective, will provide a novel adjunctive approach for treating hypertension in ADPKD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05401409. Retrospectively registered on 27th May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S Sagar
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - James Elhindi
- Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Beatrice Nguyen
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Department of Renal Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2148, Australia
- Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - David C Harris
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Vincent Lee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kamal Sud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia
| | - Nikki Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia
| | - Gopala K Rangan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
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Di Gioia F, Hong JC, Pisani C, Petropoulos SA, Bai J, Rosskopf EN. Yield performance, mineral profile, and nitrate content in a selection of seventeen microgreen species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220691. [PMID: 37546245 PMCID: PMC10399459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Originally regarded as garnish greens, microgreens are increasingly valued for their nutritional profile, including their mineral content. Methods A study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions utilizing a selection of seventeen microgreen species belonging to seven different botanical families to investigate the genetic variation of macro- and micro-minerals and nitrate (NO3 -) content. Plants were grown in a soilless system using a natural fiber mat as the substrate. After germination, microgreens were fertigated with a modified half-strength Hoagland solution prepared using deionized water and without adding microelements. At harvest (10 to 19 days after sowing, based on the species), yield components were measured and dry tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total nitrogen (N), NO3 -, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and B. Results and discussion Genotypic variations were observed for all of the examined parameters. Nitrogen and K were the principal macronutrients accounting for 38.4% and 33.8% of the total macro-minerals concentration, respectively, followed in order by Ca, P, S, and Mg. Except for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), all the tested species accumulated high (1,000-2,500 mg kg-1 FW) or very high (>2,500 mg kg-1 FW) NO3 - levels. Eight of the studied species had a K concentration above 300 mg 100 g-1 FW and could be considered as a good dietary source of K. On the other hand, scallion (Allium fistulosum L.), red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.), and Genovese basil (Ocinum basilicum L.) microgreens were a good source of Ca. Among micro-minerals, the most abundant was Fe followed by Zn, Mn, B, and Cu. Sunflower, scallion, and shiso (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) were a good source of Cu. Moreover, sunflower was a good source of Zn, whereas none of the other species examined could be considered a good source of Fe and Zn, suggesting that supplementary fertilization may be required to biofortify microgreens with essential microminerals. In conclusion, the tested microgreens can be a good source of minerals showing a high potential to address different dietary needs; however, their yield potential and mineral profile are largely determined by the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Jason C. Hong
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Cristina Pisani
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station, Byron, GA, United States
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Jihne Bai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Erin N. Rosskopf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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Liu S, Zhang L, Li S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189522. [PMID: 37492597 PMCID: PMC10365293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in muscular mass, strength, and function with advancing age. The risk of falls, fragility, hospitalization, and death is considerably increased in the senior population due to sarcopenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for drug treatment, resistance training has been unanimously recognized as a first-line treatment for managing sarcopenia, and numerous studies have also pointed to the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training as a more effective intervention to improve quality of life for people with sarcopenia. People with both malnutrition and sarcopenia have a higher mortality rate, so identifying people at risk of malnutrition and intervening early is extremely important to avoid sarcopenia and its associated problems. This article provides important information for dietary interventions in sarcopenia by summarizing the discoveries and developments of nutritional supplements such as protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, inorganic nitrate, probiotics, minerals, collagen peptides, and polyphenols in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tan R, Price KM, Wideen LE, Lincoln IG, Karl ST, Seals JP, Paniagua KK, Hagen DW, Tchaprazian I, Bailey SJ, Pennell A. Dietary nitrate ingested with and without pomegranate supplementation does not improve resistance exercise performance. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1217192. [PMID: 37485396 PMCID: PMC10358845 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that co-ingesting nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BR) and pomegranate powder (POM) would enhance neuromuscular performance during vertical countermovement jumps, explosive kneeling countermovement push-ups, and back squats compared to BR ingestion alone. Fifteen recreationally-active males were assigned in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, to supplement in 3 conditions: (1) NO3--depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.10 mmol NO3-) with two empty gelatin capsules; (2) NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR; 11.8 mmol NO3-) with two empty gelatin capsules, and (3) BR with 1,000 mg of POM powder in two capsules (BR + POM). Participants completed 5 countermovement jumps and 5 kneeling countermovement push-ups interspersed by 1 min of recovery. Subsequently, participants performed 2 sets of 2 × 70% one-repetition maximum back squats, interspersed by 2 min of recovery. Plasma [NO3-] and nitrite ([NO2-]) were elevated following BR and BR + POM compared with PL and POM (p < 0.001) with no differences between BR and BR + POM (p > 0.05) or PL and POM (p > 0.05). Peak power during countermovement jumps increased by 3% following BR compared to BR + POM (88.50 ± 11.46 vs. 85.80 ± 10.14 W/Kg0.67, p = 0.009) but not PL (88.50 ± 11.46 vs. 85.58 ± 10.05 W/Kg0.67, p = 0.07). Neuromuscular performance was not different between conditions during explosive kneeling push-ups and back squats (p > 0.05). These data provide insight into the efficacy of NO3- to modulate explosive resistance exercise performance and indicate that supplementing with BR alone or combined with POM has limited ergogenic potential on resistance exercise. Furthermore, caution is required when combining BR with POM, as this could compromise aspects of resistance exercise performance, at least when compared to BR ingested independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Price
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Lauren E. Wideen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Isabella G. Lincoln
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Sean T. Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Jacob P. Seals
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | | | - Dylan W. Hagen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Tchaprazian
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pennell
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
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Rajendra A, Bondonno NP, Murray K, Zhong L, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Blekkenhorst LC, Ames D, Maruff P, Martins RN, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP. Habitual dietary nitrate intake and cognition in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of ageing: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1251-1259. [PMID: 37331149 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary nitrate improves cardiovascular health via a nitric oxide (NO) pathway. NO is key to both cardiovascular and brain health. There is also a strong association between vascular risk factors and brain health. Dietary nitrate intake could therefore be associated with better cognitive function and reduced risk of cognitive decline. This is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between habitual intake of dietary nitrate from sources where nitrate is naturally present, and cognitive function, and cognitive decline, in the presence or absence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele. METHODS The study included 1254 older adult participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing who were cognitively normal at baseline. Plant-derived, vegetable-derived, animal derived nitrate (not including meat where nitrate is an allowed additive), and total nitrate intakes were calculated from baseline food frequency questionnaires using comprehensive nitrate databases. Cognition was assessed at baseline and every 18 months over a follow-up period of 126 months using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed effect models were used to examine the association between baseline nitrate intake and cognition over the 126 months (median [IQR] follow-up time of 36 [18-72] months), stratified by APOE ε4 carrier status. RESULTS In non APOE ε4 carriers, for every 60 mg/day higher intake of plant-derived nitrate at baseline there was an associated higher language score [β (95% CI): 0.10 (0.01, 0.19)] over 126 months, after multivariable adjustments. In APOE ε4 carriers, there was an associated better episodic recall memory [0.24 (0.08, 0.41)] and recognition memory [0.15 (0.01, 0.30)] scores. Similar associations were seen for the intakes of vegetable-derived and total nitrate. Additionally, in APOE ε4 carriers, for every 6 mg/day higher intake of animal-derived nitrate (excluding meat with nitrate as an allowed additive) at baseline there was an associated higher executive function score [β (95% CI): 1.41 (0.42, 2.39)]. We did not find any evidence of an association between dietary nitrate intake and rate of cognitive decline. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that habitual intake of dietary nitrate from sources where nitrate is naturally present impacts cognitive performance in an APOE genotype contingent manner. Further work is needed to validate our findings and understand potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rajendra
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Liezhou Zhong
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha L Gardener
- Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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49
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da Silva DVT, Baião DDS, Almeida CC, Paschoalin VMF. A Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112618. [PMID: 37299579 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events. Nitrate (NO3-), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K+) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability. Dietary compounds such as L-arginine, L-citrulline, NO3- and K+ exert vasoactive effects as demonstrated in clinical interventions by noninvasive flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) prognostic techniques. Daily L-arginine intakes ranging from 4.5 to 21 g lead to increased FMD and reduced PWV responses. Isolated L-citrulline intake of at least 5.6 g has a better effect compared to watermelon extract, which is only effective on endothelial function when supplemented for longer than 6 weeks and contains at least 6 g of L-citrulline. NO3- supplementation employing beetroot at doses greater than 370 mg promotes hemodynamic effects through the NO3--NO2-/NO pathway, a well-documented effect. A potassium intake of 1.5 g/day can restore endothelial function and arterial mobility, where decreased vascular tone takes place via ATPase pump/hyperpolarization and natriuresis, leading to muscle relaxation and NO release. These dietary interventions, alone or synergically, can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and should be considered as adjuvant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Vieira Teixeira da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Dos Santos Baião
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristine Couto Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
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50
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Tan R, Pennell A, Karl ST, Cass JK, Go K, Clifford T, Bailey SJ, Perkins Storm C. Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Back Squat and Bench Press Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112493. [PMID: 37299456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance according to the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases up to April 2023. Inclusion criteria were adult resistance-trained males who supplemented with a nitrate-rich supplement and nitrate-deficient placebo to assess repetitions-to-failure (RTF), peak power, mean power, peak velocity, and/or mean velocity during back squat and bench press exercise. A random effects model was performed on six studies and showed that nitrate supplementation improved RTF (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.43, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.156 to 0.699, p = 0.002), mean power (SMD: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.127 to 0.678, p = 0.004), and mean velocity (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.061, p = 0.025) but had no effect on peak power (SMD: 0.204, 95% CI: -0.004 to 0.411, p = 0.054) or peak velocity (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.173 to 0.173, p = 1.000) when back squat and bench press were combined. Subgroup analyses revealed that back squats were more likely to be enhanced and that a dosing regimen may influence the efficacy of nitrate supplementation. Overall, nitrate supplementation had a small beneficial effect on some aspects of resistance exercise performance, but there were limited studies available and the variability was large. Additional studies that focus on upper and lower body resistance exercise and nitrate dosage are required to elucidate the efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Adam Pennell
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Sean T Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Jordan K Cass
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Katherine Go
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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