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Van Gossum A. The ambiguous relationship between food and health across the centuries. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:164-171. [PMID: 38901938 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Since the Palaeolithic Age food has been closely linked to the development of the human species, meeting our energy needs and fuelling our cell metabolism. Without food there can be no life. However, over the centuries food and our eating habits have also had a damaging effect, whether through deficiencies, excesses, direct toxic effects or as a vector of pathogenic agents. The human species has known two major food revolutions: one at the start of the Neolithic Age and the other very recently in the years following the Second World War. In this article we will be looking at the ambiguous relationship between food and human health as well as the health of our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Van Gossum
- Coordinator of the Nutrition Support Team at the Bordet Institute (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-HUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Kårlund A, Kyttä V, Pellinen T, Tuomisto HL, Pajari AM, Kolehmainen M, Saarinen M. Validating nutrient selection for product-group-specific nutrient indices for use as functional units in life cycle assessment of foods. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:2049-2057. [PMID: 38606563 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The ability to provide adequate nutrition is considered a key factor in evaluating the sustainability of foods and diets. Nutrient indices are used as functional units (FU) in life cycle assessment of foods to include nutritional performance in the environmental assessment of a product. Several general and food-group-specific nutrient indices exist but many lack validation, particularly when used as FU. In addition, the nutrient selection strategies and reference units for nutrient intake can vary considerably among studies. To validate intake-based product-group-specific nutrient indices previously developed for protein (NR-FIprot) and carbohydrate (NR-FIcarb) foods and for fruits and vegetables (NR-FIveg), we applied principal component analysis to investigate correlations between nutrients in foods and dishes representing a typical Finnish diet. The reference amounts for meal components were based on a plate model that reflected Finnish dietary recommendations. The portion sizes for the different food groups were anchored at 100 g, 135 g and 350 g for proteins, carbohydrates and fruits/vegetables, respectively. Statistical modelling largely validated the NR-FI indices, highlighting protein foods as sources of niacin, vitamin B12 and Se, carbohydrate foods as sources of Mg, Fe and phosphorous, and fruits/vegetables as sources of potassium, vitamin K, vitamin C, fibre and thiamine. However, in contrast to the intake-based approach applied in NR-FIprot, the dietary recommendation-based validation process suggested that fruits and vegetables should be favoured as sources of riboflavin and vitamin B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Venla Kyttä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Pellinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Saarinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
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Jahan-Mihan A, Stevens P, Medero-Alfonso S, Brace G, Overby LK, Berg K, Labyak C. The Role of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder in Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1902. [PMID: 38931257 PMCID: PMC11206829 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major global health concern expected to worsen by 2030. In 2019, 28 million individuals were affected by depressive disorders. Dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression. B vitamins are crucial for neurological function and mood regulation. Deficiencies in these vitamins are linked to depression. Studies on individual B vitamins show promise in improving depressive symptoms, particularly thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. Vitamin C deficiency may heighten depressive symptoms, but its exact role is not fully understood. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is associated with insufficient sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation for SAD shows inconsistent results due to methodological variations. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of vitamins in depression treatment. Moreover, more research on SAD and light therapy's efficacy and underlying mechanisms involving photoreceptors, enzymes, and immune markers is needed. Although dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression, dietitians treating psychiatric disorders face challenges due to diverse study designs, making direct comparisons difficult. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature to assess the role of dietary and supplemental vitamins in the prevention and treatment of depression. This review found that, although evidence supports the role of B vitamins and vitamins C and D in preventing and treating depression, further research is needed to clarify their mechanisms of action and determine the most effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (P.S.); (S.M.-A.); (G.B.); (L.K.O.); (K.B.); (C.L.)
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Lapierre FM, Huber R. Feeding strategies for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation unlock more efficient production of ureolytic biomass for MICP. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300466. [PMID: 38581094 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) due to its high urease activity. To date, no proper fed-batch cultivation protocol for S. pasteurii has been published, even though this cultivation method has a high potential for reducing costs of producing microbial ureolytic biomass. This study focusses on fed-batch cultivation of S. pasteurii DSM33. The study distinguishes between limited fed-batch cultivation and extended batch cultivation. Simply feeding glucose to a S. pasteurii culture does not seem beneficial. However, it was exploited that S. pasteurii is auxotrophic for two vitamins and amino acids. Limited fed-batch cultivation was accomplished by feeding the necessary vitamins or amino acids to a culture lacking them. Feeding nicotinic acid to a nicotinic acid deprived culture resulted in a 24% increase of the specific urease activity compared to a fed culture without nicotinic acid limitation. Also, extended batch cultivation was explored. Feeding a mixture of glucose and yeast extract results in OD600 of ≈70 at the end of cultivation, which is the highest value published in literature so far. These results have the potential to make MICP applications economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Lapierre
- Department of Engineering and Management, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Department of Engineering and Management, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
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Vresk L, Flanagan M, Daniel AI, Potani I, Bourdon C, Spiegel-Feld C, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Ling C, Miraglia E, Hu G, Wen B, Zlotkin S, James P, McGrath M, Bandsma RHJ. Micronutrient status in children aged 6-59 months with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema: implications for nutritional rehabilitation formulations. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad165. [PMID: 38350491 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition remains a global struggle and is associated with almost 45% of deaths in children younger than 5 years. Despite advances in management of severe wasting (though less so for nutritional edema), full and sustained recovery remains elusive. Children with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema (also commonly referred to as severe acute malnutrition and part of the umbrella term "severe malnutrition") continue to have a high mortality rate. This suggests a likely multifactorial etiology that may include micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrients are currently provided in therapeutic foods at levels based on expert opinion, with few supportive studies of high quality having been conducted. This narrative review looks at the knowledge base on micronutrient deficiencies in children aged 6-59 months who have severe wasting and/or nutritional edema, in addition to highlighting areas where further research is warranted (See "Future Directions" section).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vresk
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Flanagan
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison I Daniel
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Potani
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Spiegel-Feld
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emiliano Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip James
- Emergency Nutrition Network, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pan J, Zhou Y, Pang N, Yang L. Dietary Niacin Intake and Mortality Among Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354277. [PMID: 38300619 PMCID: PMC10835509 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Evidence regarding the effect of dietary niacin intake on the risk of mortality among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is scarce. Objective To examine the association of dietary niacin intake with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among individuals with NAFLD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2018). In total, 4315 adults aged 20 years or older with NAFLD were included, with NAFLD defined using the United States Fatty Liver Index. Exposure Dietary niacin intake levels. Main Outcomes and Measures Weighted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for all-cause and CVD mortality. Data were analyzed March 1 to September 1, 2023. Results This cohort study included data from 4315 participants in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 52.5 [16.2] years; 1670 participants ≥60 years [weighted, 30.9%]; 2351 men [weighted, 55.0%]). During a median (IQR) follow-up of 8.8 (4.6-11.8) years, 566 deaths were recorded, of which 197 were attributed to CVD. Compared with participants with a niacin intake of 18.4 mg or lower (the lowest tertile), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for participants with a niacin intake of 26.7 mg or higher (the highest tertile) were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.50-0.96) for all-cause mortality (P = .03 for trend) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.35-1.20) for CVD mortality (P = .16 for trend). Conclusions and Relevance Findings from this cohort study suggest that higher dietary niacin intake may be associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with NAFLD. There was no evident inverse association between dietary niacin intake and the risk of CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. B Vitamins, Glucoronolactone and the Immune System: Bioavailability, Doses and Efficiency. Nutrients 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38201854 PMCID: PMC10780850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body's natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Pan J, Hu Y, Pang N, Yang L. Association between Dietary Niacin Intake and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: NHANES 2003-2018. Nutrients 2023; 15:4128. [PMID: 37836412 PMCID: PMC10574350 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the association of dietary niacin intake with NAFLD. Subjects aged 20 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 were included in this study. Dietary niacin intake was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. NAFLD was defined using the United States fatty liver index (US-FLI). Weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the association between dietary niacin and NAFLD. Of the 12,355 participants in this study, 4378 had NAFLD. There is no evident nonlinear relationship between dietary niacin intake and the presence of NAFLD in the restricted cubic spline regression (poverall < 0.001; pnon-linearity = 0.068). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD were 0.84 (0.68-1.03), 0.80 (0.65-0.97), and 0.69 (0.55-0.85), respectively, when comparing the second, third, and fourth quartiles of niacin intake levels to the lowest quartile (ptrend = 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the effect of niacin intake on NAFLD varied in the group with or without hypertension (pinteraction = 0.033). In conclusion, our results indicate that higher dietary niacin intake may be associated with a lower likelihood of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.P.)
| | - Yuhua Hu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.P.)
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.P.)
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Chen Z, Yu L, Li W, Zhang H, Huang X, Chen W, Wang D. Association of vitamins with hearing loss, vision disorder and sleep problem in the US general population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53876-53886. [PMID: 36867331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on nationally representative samples from US, we aimed to assess the associations of vitamins with hearing loss, vision disorder and sleep problem. A total of 25,312, 8425 and 24,234 participants were included in this study to investigate the relationship of vitamins with hearing loss, vision disorder and sleep problem from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, respectively. Vitamins including niacin, folic acid, vitamin B6, A, C, E and carotenoids were considered in our study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between all included dietary vitamin intake concentrations and the prevalence of specific outcomes. Increased lycopene (odds ratio [OR]: 0.904, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.829-0.985) intake was associated with a deceased prevalence of hearing loss. Higher dietary intake of folic acid (OR: 0.637, 95% CI: 0.443-0.904), vitamin B6 (0.667, 0.465-0.947), alpha-carotene (0.695, 0.494-0.968), beta-carotene (0.703, 0.505-0.969) and lutein + zeaxanthin (0.640, 0.455-0.892) were associated with a decreased prevalence of vision disorder. The inversely associations of sleeping problem with niacin (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.826-0.985), folic acid (0.882, 0.811-0.959), vitamin B6 (0.892, 0.818-0.973), vitamin C (0.908, 0.835-0.987), vitamin E (0.885, 0.813-0.963) and lycopene (0.919, 0.845-0.998) were also observed. Our findings provide evidence that increased specific vitamin intake is associated with decreased prevalence of hearing loss, vision disorder and sleep problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Zhou Z, Yang X, Huang T, Zheng J, Deng Z, Dai S, Lin S. Bifunctional NadC Homologue PyrZ Catalyzes Nicotinic Acid Formation in Pyridomycin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:141-150. [PMID: 36517246 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyridomycin is a potent antimycobacterial natural product by specifically inhibiting InhA, a clinically validated antituberculosis drug discovery target. Pyridyl moieties of pyridomycin play an essential role in inhibiting InhA by occupying the reduced form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor binding site. Herein, we biochemically characterize PyrZ that is a multifunctional NadC homologue and catalyzes the successive formation, dephosphorylation, and ribose hydrolysis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) to generate nicotinic acid (NA), a biosynthetic precursor for the pyridyl moiety of pyridomycin. Crystal structures of PyrZ in complex with substrate quinolinic acid (QA) and the final product NA revealed a specific salt bridge formed between K184 and the C3-carboxyl group of QA. This interaction positions QA for accepting the phosphoribosyl group to generate NAMN, retains NAMN within the active site, and mediates its translocation to nucleophile D296 for dephosphorylation. Combining kinetic and thermodynamic analysis with site-directed mutagenesis, the catalytic mechanism of PyrZ dephosphorylation was proposed. Our study discovered an alternative and concise NA biosynthetic pathway involving a unique multifunctional enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaobo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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DAYI T, HOCA M. Is Niacine a Potential Agent to Decrease Dyslipidemia Risk? İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common non-communicable diseases with the highest prevalence and mortality rate in the all around the world. There are some risk factors -such as modifiable and non-modifiable- which are effective on the development of these diseases. Modifiable risk factors are closely related to dyslipidemia, which forms the basis of cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia is characterized by high triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acids, decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) level and function, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) level and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) production. There is a relation between dyslipidemia with nutritional and physical activity behaviors. In particular, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle behaviors instead of the Western diet can potentially decrease dyslipidemia risk. On the other hand, some of micronutrients such as niacin can potentially decrease dyslipidemia risk as a nutritional supplement. Niacin -which is a water-soluble, B group vitamin- can potentially decrease TAG, free fatty acids, Apo B, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL levels and increase HDL and apolipoprotein A (Apo A) levels in plasma. Due to these potential beneficial effects, niacin acts a pharmacological agent to decrease both of dyslipidemia risk and symptoms. However, niacin is used more than tolerable upper intake level (35 mg/day) to show these potential effects (1-3 g). This situation may cause to ‘niacin flush’ symptom. In addition, there is a need for the studies which aim to determine the negative effects of high dose niacin intake on human’s health in long-term. In this review article, potential effects of the niacin on dyslipidemia are examined within the current literature.
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Xiang S, Wang Y, Qian S, Li J, Jin Y, Ding X, Xu T. The association between dietary inflammation index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Americans. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2647-2658. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Meghdadi Esfahani F, Balali E, Sedigheh Hashemi S, Khadivi R, Mohammad Raei Nayini M, Voung B. Investigating an Iron-Doped Fullerene Cage for Adsorption of Niacin (Vitamin B3): DFT Analyses of Bimolecular Complex Formations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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15
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Oh H, Kim J, Huh Y, Kim SH, Jang SI. Association of Household Income Level with Vitamin and Mineral Intake. Nutrients 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 35010913 PMCID: PMC8746700 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nutrient intake is essential for maintaining health and resisting disease. The current study investigated the association between household income quintile and nutrient intake using data from KNHANES 2019. A total of 5088 South Korean adults were analyzed. The estimated average requirement cut-point method, extended to handle participants with intakes higher than the tolerable upper level, was utilized to determine the need for dietary modification. The suitability of overall vitamin, overall mineral, and individual nutrient intake was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed on overall mineral intake suitability. None of the individual nutrients had an intake ratio of over 70%, with the ratio being under 30% for some nutrients. The intake of iron, phosphorus, vitamin B9, and vitamin C had a significant upward trend as household income rose. A subgroup analysis revealed sex differences in the trends of overall mineral intake. The results revealed that some nutrients are not consumed appropriately in the Korean population. Furthermore, they suggest that household income is significantly associated with the intake of overall minerals and several individual nutrients. These results suggest that nutritional assistance is required for certain vulnerable groups, and provide supplementary data for appropriate interventions or further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haegyu Oh
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juyeon Kim
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yune Huh
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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16
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Palmer RD, Vaccarezza M. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the sirtuins caution: Pro-cancer functions. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:337-344. [PMID: 34964015 PMCID: PMC8711221 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to perform a brief but comprehensive assessment of existing peer-reviewed literature and determine whether raising nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can prevent or promote tumorigenesis. The examination of extensive peer-reviewed data regarding the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide has been performed with a focus on nuclear dynamics and the deoxyribose nucleic acid repair pathway. Various enzymatic protective functions have been identified from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, as well as the threat role that is also explored. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors and sirtuin-activating compounds are becoming ubiquitous in the commercial market. Further research into whether elevating levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or overexpression of sirtuins can increase the potential for neoplasm or other age-related pathophysiology is warranted due to the high energy requirements of certain diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley, PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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17
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Batalha MA, Ferreira ALL, Freitas-Costa NC, Figueiredo ACC, Carrilho TRB, Shahab-Ferdows S, Hampel D, Allen LH, Pérez-Escamilla R, Kac G. Factors associated with longitudinal changes in B-vitamin and choline concentrations of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1560-1573. [PMID: 34113959 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the associations between maternal factors and B-vitamin and choline concentrations in early milk and the trajectories of these vitamins during lactation. OBJECTIVES In this hypothesis-generating study, we modeled the association between maternal and offspring factors and longitudinal changes in milk B-vitamin and choline concentrations throughout lactation. METHODS A hundred women were studied in a prospective birth cohort and milk samples from 52 women were collected at 2-8 d, 76 women at 28-50 d, and 42 women at 88-119 d postpartum. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation was assessed by an FFQ. Linear mixed-effects models with interaction terms were used to evaluate changes in milk B-vitamin and choline concentrations over time based on maternal factors and the early postpartum concentrations of these micronutrients. RESULTS The women with higher early postpartum milk concentrations of niacin (βinteraction = -0.02; SE = 0.00; P < 0.001), pantothenic acid (βinteraction = -0.10; SE = 2.56; P < 0.001), vitamin B-12 (βinteraction= -0.10; SE = 0.03; P < 0.001), and choline (βinteraction= -0.90; SE = 0.18; P < 0.001) exhibited a decrease in their concentrations throughout lactation. The participants with overweight and obesity prepregnancy experienced an increase in milk vitamin B-12 concentrations over time (βinteraction = 0.04; SE = 0.02; P = 0.06). In contrast, a decrease in vitamin B-12 concentration was observed among women with vitamin B-12 intake below the RDA during pregnancy (βinteraction= -0.08; SE = 0.05; P = 0.07). The women with niacin intake below the RDA during lactation experienced an increase in milk concentrations over time (βinteraction = 0.01; SE = 0.01; P = 0.03). A gestational age at birth >40 wk was associated with an increase in milk choline concentration throughout lactation (βinteraction = 0.54; SE = 0.16; P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in B-vitamin and choline concentrations in human milk over time may be associated with the early concentrations of these micronutrients in milk, maternal prepregnancy BMI, dietary intake, and gestational age at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica A Batalha
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana L L Ferreira
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C Freitas-Costa
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda C C Figueiredo
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais R B Carrilho
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Aguilera-Méndez A, Boone-Villa D, Nieto-Aguilar R, Villafaña-Rauda S, Molina AS, Sobrevilla JV. Role of vitamins in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:117-140. [PMID: 34518916 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease has increased and continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The etiology of these diseases includes a complex phenotype derived from interactions between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. In this regard, it is common to observe vitamin deficiencies in the general population and even more in patients with cardiometabolic diseases due to different factors. Vitamins are essential micronutrients for cellular metabolism and their deficiencies result in diseases. In addition to its role in nutritional functions, increasingly, vitamins are being recognized as modulators of genetics expression and signals transduction, when consumed at pharmacological concentrations. Numerous randomized preclinical and clinical trials have evaluated the use of vitamin supplementation in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, it is controversy regarding its efficacy in the treatment and prevention of these diseases. In this review, we investigated chemical basics, physiological effect and recommended daily intake, problems with deficiency and overdose, preclinical and clinical studies, and mechanisms of action of vitamin supplementation in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. J. Mújica, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
| | - Daniel Boone-Villa
- School of Medicine, North Section, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, 26090, Coahuila, México
| | - Renato Nieto-Aguilar
- University Center for Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58337, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Alfredo Saavedra Molina
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. J. Mújica, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Janeth Ventura Sobrevilla
- School of Medicine, North Section, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, 26090, Coahuila, México
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19
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Lau HX, El-Heis S, Yap QV, Chan YH, Tan CPT, Karnani N, Tan KML, Tham EH, Goh AEN, Teoh OH, Tan KH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Van Bever H, Lee BW, Shek LP, Godfrey KM, Loo EXL. Role of maternal tryptophan metabolism in allergic diseases in the offspring. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1346-1360. [PMID: 34033173 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) is a metabolite of tryptophan and dietary precursor of enzymes involved in many regulatory processes, which may influence fetal immune development. OBJECTIVE We examined whether maternal plasma concentrations of nicotinamide, tryptophan or nine related tryptophan metabolites during pregnancy were associated with the risk of development of infant eczema, wheeze, rhinitis or allergic sensitization. METHODS In the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, we analysed the associations between maternal plasma levels of nicotinamide, tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites at 26-28 weeks of gestation and allergic outcomes collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires at multiple time-points and skin prick testing to egg, milk, peanut and mites at age 18 months. Multivariate analysis was undertaken adjusting for all metabolites measured and separately adjusting for relevant demographic and environmental exposures. Analyses were also adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery method. RESULTS Tryptophan metabolites were evaluated in 976/1247 (78%) women enrolled in GUSTO. In multivariate analysis including all metabolites, maternal plasma 3-hydrokynurenine was associated with increased allergic sensitization at 18 months (AdjRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2 for highest quartile) but the association with nicotinamide was not significant (AdjRR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6). In analysis adjusting for other exposures, both 3-hydrokynurenine and nicotinamide were associated with increased allergic sensitization (AdjRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6 for both metabolites). High maternal plasma nicotinamide was associated with increased infant eczema diagnosis by 6 and 12 months, which was not significant when adjusting for all metabolites measured, but was significant when adjusting for relevant environmental and demographic exposures. Other metabolites measured were not associated with allergic sensitization or eczema, and maternal tryptophan metabolites were not associated with offspring rhinitis and wheeze. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maternal tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy may influence the development of allergic sensitization and eczema in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xing Lau
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sarah El-Heis
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - Qai Ven Yap
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Pei Ting Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Respiratory Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKWCH), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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20
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Agbai CM, Olawuni IA, Ofoedu CE, Ibeabuchi CJ, Okpala COR, Shorstkii I, Korzeniowska M. Changes in anti-nutrient, phytochemical, and micronutrient contents of different processed rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) seed meals. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11327. [PMID: 34055479 PMCID: PMC8140600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is a perennial plant crop grown in many parts of Africa, South East Asia, and South America, especially within the hot and humid climatic regions. Rubber seed, either as feed or food, is a useful raw material to produce edible oil and protein. Despite the huge quantity of rubber seeds produced in Nigeria and its potential as a protein source, rubber seeds still appear neglected and under-utilised as feed/food given its perception as inedible and toxic due to the high concentration of cyanogenic glycoside. Therefore, the quest for effective processing technique(s) that would enhance its food use application is very fitting. This current study was directed to determine the changes in anti-nutrient, phytochemical, and micronutrient contents of different processed rubber seed meals. Specifically, the rubber seeds underwent processing, which employed boiling and the combined action of boiling and fermentation methods that brought about three seed meal flour groups, i.e., raw (RRSM), boiled (BRSM), and fermented (FRSM) seed meals. These were subsequently analysed for anti-nutrient/phytochemical (oxalate, phytate, tannin, phenols, saponin, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), alkaloids, flavonoids, and trypsin inhibitors), and micronutrient (which involved minerals (magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, manganese, lead, and selenium) and vitamin (vitamin B1, B2, B3, C, E, and beta carotene)) contents. The results showed that the processing methods used to achieve the RRSM, BRSM, and FRSM, reduced the anti-nutrients (phytate, tannin, and oxalate) below the acceptable limits, and the HCN below the toxic levels. Importantly, the processing methods herein have not yet succeeded in removing HCN in the (processed) rubber seed meals, but can be seen to be heading toward the right direction. The FRSM obtained significantly lower (p < 0.05) anti-nutrient/phytochemical, but significantly higher (p < 0.05) mineral contents, compared with the other groups (RRSM and BRSM), except for flavonoids that obtained a 30% increase over the BRSM. Some mineral and vitamin contents could be lost in the BRSM compared to the others (RRSM and FRSM) in this study. Additionally, the FRSM obtained higher vitamin contents, after those of RRSM. Overall, the combined action of boiling and fermentation should be recommended for the proper utilisation of rubber seed as food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma M. Agbai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma A. Olawuni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chidi J. Ibeabuchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ivan Shorstkii
- Department of Technological Equipment and Life-Support Systems, Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Li R, Li Y, Liang X, Yang L, Su M, Lai KP. Network Pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses identify intersection genes of niacin and COVID-19 as potential therapeutic targets. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1279-1290. [PMID: 33169132 PMCID: PMC7717147 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may be susceptible to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, anti-CRC/COVID-19 treatment options are currently unavailable. Since niacin is a vitamin with cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory functions, this study aimed to evaluate the possible functional roles and underlying mechanisms of action of niacin as an anti-COVID-19 and -CRC therapy. INTERVENTIONS We used a series of network pharmacology-based and computational analyses to understand and characterize the binding capacity, biological functions, pharmacological targets and therapeutic mechanisms of niacin in CRC/COVID-19. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We revealed the clinical characteristics of CRC patients and COVID-19 patients, including predisposing genes, survival rate and prognosis. Moreover, the results of molecular docking analysis indicated that niacin exerted effective binding capacity in COVID-19. Further, we disclosed the targets, biological functions and signaling pathways of niacin in CRC/COVID-19. The analysis indicated that niacin could help in treating CRC/COVID-19 through cytoprotection, enhancement of immunologic functions, inhibition of inflammatory reactions and regulation of cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, five core pharmacological targets of niacin in CRC/COVID-19 were also identified, including BCL2L1, PTGS2, IL1B, IFNG and SERPINE1. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, revealed the niacin-associated molecular functions and pharmacological targets for treating CRC/COVID-19, as COVID-19 remains a serious pandemic. But the findings were not validated in actual CRC patients infected with COVID-19, so further investigation is needed to confirm the potential use of niacin for treating CRC/COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Li
- Gyuilin Medical University
| | | | | | - Min Su
- Gyuilin Medical University
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22
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Farinde EO, Dauda TO, Obatolu VA. Heteroscedasticity analysis of nixtamalization effect on nutrients, digestibility, and functional properties of quality protein maize and indigenous local maize flour. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O. Farinde
- Agricultural Value Addition Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi Awolowo University Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Taofik O. Dauda
- South West Farming Systems Research and Extension Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi Awolowo University Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Veronica A. Obatolu
- Agricultural Value Addition Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi Awolowo University Ibadan Nigeria
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23
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Mu JQ, Chen KX, Zhang HF, Bi KS. A Metabonomics Study of Guan-Xin-Shu-Tong Capsule against Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Coppola S, Avagliano C, Calignano A, Berni Canani R. The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030682. [PMID: 33525625 PMCID: PMC7865491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7462680
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25
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Błaszczyk JW. Energy Metabolism Decline in the Aging Brain-Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110450. [PMID: 33171879 PMCID: PMC7695180 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidencethat indicates that the aging of the brain results from the decline of energy metabolism. In particular, the neuronal metabolism of glucose declines steadily, resulting in a growing deficit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production-which, in turn, limits glucose access. This vicious circle of energy metabolism at the cellular level is evoked by a rising deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the mitochondrial salvage pathway and subsequent impairment of the Krebs cycle. A decreasing NAD level also impoverishes the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes that augments genetic errors and initiate processes of neuronal degeneration and death.This sequence of events is characteristic of several brain structures in which neurons have the highest energy metabolism. Neurons of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia with long unmyelinated axons and these with numerous synaptic junctions are particularly prone to senescence and neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, functional deficits of neurodegeneration are initially well-compensated, therefore, clinical symptoms are recognized too late when the damages to the brain structures are already irreversible. Therefore, future treatment strategies in neurodegenerative disorders should focus on energy metabolism and compensation age-related NAD deficit in neurons. This review summarizes the complex interrelationships between metabolic processes on the systemic and cellular levels and provides directions on how to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration and protect the elderly against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Wiesław Błaszczyk
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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26
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Mecocci S, Gevi F, Pietrucci D, Cavinato L, Luly FR, Pascucci L, Petrini S, Ascenzioni F, Zolla L, Chillemi G, Cappelli K. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles as Revealed by Metabolomic Profile. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2908. [PMID: 32977543 PMCID: PMC7598260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived micro and nano-sized structures enclosed in a double-layer membrane, have been in the spotlight for their high potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Indeed, they act as signal mediators between cells and/or tissues through different mechanisms involving their complex cargo and exert a number of biological effects depending upon EVs subtype and cell source. Being produced by almost all cell types, they are found in every biological fluid including milk. Milk EVs (MEVs) can enter the intestinal cells by endocytosis and protect their labile cargos against harsh conditions in the intestinal tract. In this study, we performed a metabolomic analysis of MEVs, from three different species (i.e., bovine, goat and donkey) by mass spectroscopy (MS) coupled with Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Metabolites, both common or specific of a species, were identified and enriched metabolic pathways were investigated, with the final aim to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in view of prospective applications as a nutraceutical in inflammatory conditions. In particular, metabolites transported by MEVs are involved in common pathways among the three species. These metabolites, such as arginine, asparagine, glutathione and lysine, show immunomodulating effects. Moreover, MEVs in goat milk showed a greater number of enriched metabolic pathways as compared to the other kinds of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Luca Cavinato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco R. Luly
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Lello Zolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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27
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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28
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Ciebiera M, Ali M, Zgliczyńska M, Skrzypczak M, Al-Hendy A. Vitamins and Uterine Fibroids: Current Data on Pathophysiology and Possible Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155528. [PMID: 32752274 PMCID: PMC7432695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroid (UF) is the most common benign tumor pathology of the female reproductive organs. UFs constitute the main reason for a hysterectomy and hospitalization due to gynecological conditions. UFs consist of uterine smooth muscle immersed in a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). Genetic studies have demonstrated that UFs are monoclonal tumors originating from the myometrial stem cells that have underwent specific molecular changes to tumor initiating stem cells which proliferate and differentiate later under the influence of steroid hormones. There is growing interest in the role of micronutrients, for example, vitamins, in UFs. This article is a comprehensive review of publications regarding the available data concerning the role of vitamins in the biology and management of UFs. In summary, the results showed that some vitamins are important in the biology and pathophysiology of UFs. For example, vitamins A and D deserve particular attention following studies of their influence on the treatment of UF tumors. Vitamins B3, C, and E have not been as widely studied as the abovementioned vitamins. However, more research could reveal their potential role in UF biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.-H.); Tel.: +48-225690274 (M.C.); +1-312-996-7006 (A.A.-H.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdalena Zgliczyńska
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.-H.); Tel.: +48-225690274 (M.C.); +1-312-996-7006 (A.A.-H.)
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29
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Poznyak AV, Zhang D, Orekhova V, Grechko AV, Wetzker R, Orekhov AN. A brief overview of currently used atherosclerosis treatment approaches targeting lipid metabolism alterations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2020; 10:62-71. [PMID: 32685264 PMCID: PMC7364272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-contagious diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and mental disorders hold responsibility for major health losses worldwide. Atherosclerosis was found to be the leading cause of deaths due to the major consequences, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and others. The number of patients with atherosclerosis increases with every passing year. If treatment is not started on time, every second patient dies within 10 years. Moreover, the disease leads to persistent disability of patients, most of whom are of active working age. Atherosclerosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation. Although this disease annually kills a huge number of people, patients are now offered various therapeutic techniques, however, with different efficiencies. The scientific community is working to develop more effective means for treatment and precaution of the disease, regardless of the difficulties in understanding the causes of the health problem and the characteristics of its course. There are numerous strategies in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, focusing on different aspects of the disease, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, or others, but none of them, unfortunately, is absolutely effective. In this review, we focused on the treatment approaches aimed at remedy the disruptions of lipid metabolism that are currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CenterMoscow 121609, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Varvara Orekhova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum JenaAmKlinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315, Russia
- Institute of Human Morphology3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
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30
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Gao L, Zhou F, Wang KX, Zhou YZ, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein protects PC12 cells from Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 248:117471. [PMID: 32112868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of baicalein on Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. MAIN METHODS Thioflavin-T (Th-T) dye was used to determine the effects of baicalein on Aβ25-35 aggregation in vitro. PC12 cells were stimulated with Aβ25-35, then the effects of baicalein on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial respiratory complex I, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Moreover, LC-MS metabolomics approach was used to detect metabolic changes induced by baicalein in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 cells. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that baicalein could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ25-35 in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment with baicalein significantly prevented Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis, as manifested by increasing the levels of MMP, ATP and mitochondrial respiratory complex I, decreasing the contents of ROS and NO. LC-MS metabolomics revealed that baicalein can regulate 5 metabolites, mainly involving two metabolic pathways, arginine and proline metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that baicalein has a protective effect on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which may be related to inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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31
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Usman AB, Emmanuel P, Manchan DB, Chinyere A, Onimisi OE, Yakubu M, Hirayama K. Pellagra, a re-emerging disease: a case report of a girl from a community ravaged by insurgency. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:195. [PMID: 31692657 PMCID: PMC6814328 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.195.17494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pellagra is a nutritional disorder of niacin deficiency which is characterized by triad of dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. It is often seen in a state of poor nutrition among alcoholics, homeless and patients suffering from malabsorption. Though seldom occurs in children, its re-emerging is seen as a result of worsening food security in vulnerable population during conflict or insurgency. We report the case of 12-year-old female pastoralist who presented darkening and thickening of the hands, feet, ankles, neck and her upper trunk. Conflicts and insurgency usually occur in resource constraint settings where health workers are few and overworked. Therefore, continuously educating health workers and the general public regarding nutrition and its disorders like pellagra is a priority. Public Health authorities and policy makers also ought to take pediatric nutrition serious in order to avoid its escalation in internally displaced persons or children orphaned by insurgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadu Baba Usman
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
| | - Pembi Emmanuel
- Program for Nurturing Global leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.,Adamawa State Ministry of Health, Nigeria.,Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Mava Yakubu
- Department of Pediatrics, Bingham university Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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32
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Montserrat-de la Paz S, Naranjo MC, Millan-Linares MC, Lopez S, Abia R, Biessen EAL, Muriana FJG, Bermudez B. Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in a High-Fat Diet and Niacin Protect from White Fat Dysfunction in the Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900425. [PMID: 31343843 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a principal causative factor of metabolic syndrome. Niacin potently regulates lipid metabolism. Replacement of saturated fatty acids by MUFAs or inclusion of omega-3 long-chain PUFAs in the diet improves plasma lipid levels. However, the potential benefits of niacin in combination with MUFAs or omega-3 long-chain PUFAs against white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in the high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Lepob/ob LDLR-/- mice are fed a chow diet or HFDs based on milk cream (21% kcal), olive oil (21% kcal), or olive oil (20% kcal) plus 1% kcal from eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, including immediate-release niacin (1% w/v) in drinking water, for 8 weeks. Mice are then phenotyped. Dietary MUFAs are identified as positive regulators of adipose NAD+ signaling pathways by triggering NAD+ biosynthesis via the salvage pathway. This coexists with overexpression of genes involved in recognition of NAD+ and fatty acids, a surrounding lipid environment dominated by exogenous oleic acid and an alternatively activated macrophage profile, which culminate in a healthy expansion of WAT and improvement of several hallmarks that typify the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Niacin in combination with dietary MUFAs can favor WAT homeostasis in the development of HFD-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Naranjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
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33
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Çatak J. Determination of niacin profiles in some animal and plant based foods by high performance liquid chromatography: association with healthy nutrition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:138-146. [PMID: 31333870 PMCID: PMC6582921 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B3 (niacin) is essential for all living cells and plays a central role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin B3, a water-soluble vitamin, is present in the form of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, a monocarboxylic acid derivative of pyridine. While nicotinic acid is commonly effective in lowering cholesterol levels, unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide is ineffective on lipids. Presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, which are the available forms of vitamin B3, are different for each food. However, the studies in the literature are generally based on the analysis of total amount of vitamin B3 in foods and the studies determining the profile of vitamin B3 in foods are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the vitamin B3 profiles of 10 kinds of animal based food and 10 different plant based food samples. In this study, 10 kinds of animal based food samples consisting of veal (veal steak fillet), chicken (breast), turkey meat (thigh), goat meat (leg, belly), lamb (leg, back, arm), mutton (belly), bovine meat (loin) and 10 different plant based food samples namely; barley, rye, wheat (bread), wheat (durum), oat, rice, dried pea, green lentil, red lentil and chickpea were studied by high performance liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization system. The presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were determined in the meat samples as 30% and 70% and as 87% and 13% in the cereal and legume samples, respectively. Nicotinic acid levels were found in low amounts in the meat samples. The amounts of nicotinic acid in the cereal and legume samples were significantly higher than the meat samples. Consequently, the plant based foods such as cereals and legumes, with a ratio of 87% nicotinic acid presence, standout as the best source of nicotinic acid and encouraging regular intake of those cereals and legumes containing rich nicotinic acid would remove nicotinic acid deficiency in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çatak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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McNabney SM, Henagan TM. Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1348. [PMID: 29231905 PMCID: PMC5748798 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the dietary fiber in the colon. Indeed, oral and dietary supplementation of butyrate alone has been shown to prevent high fat-diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. This review focuses on sources of short chain fatty acids, with emphasis on sources of butyrate, mechanisms of fiber and butyrate metabolism in the gut and its protective effects on colon cancer and the peripheral effects of butyrate supplementation in peripheral tissues in the prevention and reversal of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M McNabney
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tara M Henagan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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