1
|
Vresk L, Flanagan M, Daniel AI, Potani I, Bourdon C, Spiegel-Feld C, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Ling C, Miraglia E, Hu G, Wen B, Zlotkin S, James P, McGrath M, Bandsma RHJ. Micronutrient status in children aged 6-59 months with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema: implications for nutritional rehabilitation formulations. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad165. [PMID: 38350491 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition remains a global struggle and is associated with almost 45% of deaths in children younger than 5 years. Despite advances in management of severe wasting (though less so for nutritional edema), full and sustained recovery remains elusive. Children with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema (also commonly referred to as severe acute malnutrition and part of the umbrella term "severe malnutrition") continue to have a high mortality rate. This suggests a likely multifactorial etiology that may include micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrients are currently provided in therapeutic foods at levels based on expert opinion, with few supportive studies of high quality having been conducted. This narrative review looks at the knowledge base on micronutrient deficiencies in children aged 6-59 months who have severe wasting and/or nutritional edema, in addition to highlighting areas where further research is warranted (See "Future Directions" section).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vresk
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Flanagan
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison I Daniel
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Potani
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Spiegel-Feld
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emiliano Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip James
- Emergency Nutrition Network, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elaimy AL, Al-Holou W, Scott A, Marini BL, Pai A, Wen B, Wang L, Sun D, Heth JA, Umemura Y, Wahl DR. A Phase 0 Study Assessing the Intracranial Activity of a Metabolic Radiosensitizer in Patients with Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e102. [PMID: 37784629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Efforts to overcome treatment resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) have been unsuccessful due to tumor heterogeneity and poor intracranial drug penetration. Targeting altered metabolism is a promising approach to improve GBM therapy despite this heterogeneity. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an inhibitor of purine synthesis that sensitizes GBM to radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) in vitro and in vivo, but its ability to cross the blood brain barrier and inhibit GBM metabolism in patients is unknown. NCT04477200 is a phase 0/1 dose escalation study of MMF combined with radiation and temozolomide in GBM. Here we report the phase 0 results of this study assessing the intracranial activity of MMF. MATERIALS/METHODS Purine (GTP and IMP) and mycophenolic acid (MPA, the active metabolite of MMF) concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry in flash-frozen tumor (enhancing and non-enhancing) and normal cortex obtained from 8 patients with recurrent GBM who received MMF (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg BID, N = 2 patients each dose level) for 1 week prior to re-resection and 5 control patients who did not receive MMF prior to re-resection. Plasma MPA concentration was similarly quantified to calculate the enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor and normal cortex to plasma MPA ratios. RESULTS Patients who received MMF had a mean MPA concentration of 2.2 ± 0.7 µM in the enhancing tumor samples, 1.2 ± 0.5 µM in the non-enhancing tumor samples and 1.3 ± 0.5 µM in normal cortex. MPA concentration was negligible in control patients. This corresponded to tissue/plasma MPA ratios of 0.31, 0.17 and 0.10 for enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor and normal cortex, respectively. The GTP/IMP ratio was decreased by 75% in enhancing tumor in MMF-treated patients compared to untreated controls (p = 0.009), indicating effective target engagement and inhibition of purine synthesis. The GTP/IMP ratio was also decreased in cortex and non-enhancing tumor, though a paucity of control samples prevented statistical analysis. CONCLUSION Twice daily MMF treatment yields intracranial drug concentrations above 1 µM and lowers the GTP/IMP ratio in GBMs, consistent with target engagement. As we have previously observed radiosensitization in vitro with MPA concentrations of 1 µM, these data suggest that MMF may achieve adequate CNS penetration for therapeutic benefit. The Phase 1 component of this study to determine the dose limiting toxicity and maximally tolerated dose of MMF when combined with reirradiation in recurrent GBM and radiation and TMZ in newly diagnosed GBM is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Elaimy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - W Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - B L Marini
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A Pai
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - B Wen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - L Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - D Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J A Heth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Y Umemura
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - D R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen B, Farooqui A, Bourdon C, Tarafdar N, Ngari M, Chimwezi E, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Walson JL, Voskuijl W, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ. Intestinal disturbances associated with mortality of children with complicated severe malnutrition. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:128. [PMID: 37773543 PMCID: PMC10541881 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children admitted to hospital with complicated severe malnutrition (CSM) have high mortality despite compliance with standard WHO management guidelines. Limited data suggests a relationship between intestinal dysfunction and poor prognosis in CSM, but this has not been explicitly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the role of intestinal disturbances in CSM mortality. METHODS A case-control study nested within a randomized control trial was conducted among children hospitalized with CSM in Kenya and Malawi. Children who died (cases, n = 68) were compared with those who were discharged, propensity matched to the cases on age, HIV and nutritional status (controls, n = 68) on fecal metabolomics that targeted about 70 commonly measured metabolites, and enteropathy markers: fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO), fecal calprotectin, and circulating intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). RESULTS The fecal metabolomes of cases show specific reductions in amino acids, monosaccharides, and microbial fermentation products, when compared to controls. SCFA levels did not differ between groups. The overall fecal metabolomics signature moderately differentiates cases from controls (AUC = 0.72). Enteropathy markers do not differ between groups overall, although serum I-FABP is elevated in cases in a sensitivity analysis among non-edematous children. Integrative analysis with systemic data suggests an indirect role of intestinal inflammation in the causal path of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal disturbances appear to have an indirect association with acute mortality. Findings of the study improve our understanding of pathophysiological pathways underlying mortality of children with CSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nawar Tarafdar
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moses Ngari
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Johnstone Thitiri
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Laura Mwalekwa
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Paediatrics, Coast General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Judd L Walson
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine), Blantyre, Malawi.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moura CS, Neville A, Liao F, Wen B, Razak F, Roberts S, Verma AA, Bernatsky S. Validity of hospital diagnostic codes to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections in reference to polymerase chain reaction results: a descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E982-E987. [PMID: 37875313 PMCID: PMC10610021 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20230033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were created for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. We assessed the operating characteristics of ICD-10 discharge diagnostic code U07.1 within the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI). METHODS GEMINI assembles hospitalization data (including administrative ICD-10 discharge diagnostic codes, laboratory results and demographic data) from hospitals in Ontario, Canada. We studied adults (age ≥ 18 yr) admitted during 2020 and tested at least once for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during (or within 48 h before) hospitalization. With PCR results as the reference standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for ICD-10 code U07.1 hospital discharge diagnostic codes. Analyses were stratified by demographic data, calendar period and timing of the first test (within or after 48 h of hospital admission). RESULTS In 11 852 hospitalizations with at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, 444 (3.7%) were positive. The sensitivity of code U07.1 to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection was 97.8%, specificity was 99.5%, PPV was 88.2% and NPV was 99.9%. Operating characteristics were similar in most stratified analyses, but the specificity and PPV were lower if the first SARS-CoV-2 test was done more than 48 hours after admission. INTERPRETATION The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of code U07.1 were high. This supports using code U07.1 to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalization data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano S Moura
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Autumn Neville
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Fangming Liao
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Bijun Wen
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Fahad Razak
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Surain Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Amol A Verma
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Faculty of Medicine (Moura, Bernatsky), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Neville, Bernatsky), Montréal, Que.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Liao, Wen, Razak, Roberts, Verma), Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Razak, Verma) and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Roberts, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chi L, Lee D, Leung S, Hu G, Wen B, Delgado-Olguin P, Vissa M, Li R, Brumell JH, Kim PK, Bandsma RHJ. Loss of functional peroxisomes leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced autophagy that preserve mitochondrial function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:183. [PMID: 37338571 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential for mitochondrial health, as the absence of peroxisomes leads to altered mitochondria. However, it is unclear whether the changes in mitochondria are a function of preserving cellular function or a response to cellular damage caused by the absence of peroxisomes. To address this, we developed conditional hepatocyte-specific Pex16 deficient (Pex16 KO) mice that develop peroxisome loss and subjected them to a low-protein diet to induce metabolic stress. Loss of PEX16 in hepatocytes led to increased biogenesis of small mitochondria and reduced autophagy flux but with preserved capacity for respiration and ATP capacity. Metabolic stress induced by low protein feeding led to mitochondrial dysfunction in Pex16 KO mice and impaired biogenesis. Activation of PPARα partially corrected these mitochondrial disturbances, despite the absence of peroxisomes. The findings of this study demonstrate that the absence of peroxisomes in hepatocytes results in a concerted effort to preserve mitochondrial function, including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, altered morphology, and modified autophagy activity. Our study underscores the relationship between peroxisomes and mitochondria in regulating the hepatic metabolic responses to nutritional stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sharon Leung
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Miluska Vissa
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ren Li
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital of Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Y, Zhang Y, He Y, Wen B, Li C. Linfoma plasmablástico de cavidad oral en paciente VIH positivo: valoración por18F FDG PET/TC. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang D, Sun FR, Liu S, Sang LX, Wen B, Tang FX, Gao N, Chen YS, Wang BY. [A case of portal vein recanalization and symptomatic heart failure]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:548-551. [PMID: 35764549 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200214-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - F R Sun
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - L X Sang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - B Wen
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - F X Tang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - N Gao
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - Y S Chen
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| | - B Y Wang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology,the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001,China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonzales GB, Njunge JM, Gichuki BM, Wen B, Ngari M, Potani I, Thitiri J, Laukens D, Voskuijl W, Bandsma R, Vanmassenhove J, Berkley JA. The role of albumin and the extracellular matrix on the pathophysiology of oedema formation in severe malnutrition. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:103991. [PMID: 35398787 PMCID: PMC9014367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While fluid flows in a steady state from plasma, through interstitium, and into the lymph compartment, altered fluid distribution and oedema can result from abnormal Starling's forces, increased endothelial permeability or impaired lymphatic drainage. The mechanism of oedema formation, especially the primary role of hypoalbuminaemia, remains controversial. Here, we explored the roles of albumin and albumin-independent mechanisms in oedema formation among children with severe malnutrition (SM). METHODS We performed secondary analysis of data obtained from two independent clinical trials in Malawi and Kenya (NCT02246296 and NCT00934492). We then used an unconventional strategy of comparing children with kwashiorkor and marasmus by matching (discovery cohort, n = 144) and normalising (validation cohort, n = 98, 2 time points) for serum albumin. Untargeted proteomics was used in the discovery cohort to determine plausible albumin-independent mechanisms associated with oedema, which was validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex assays in the validation cohort. FINDINGS We demonstrated that low serum albumin is necessary but not sufficient to develop oedema in SM. We further found that markers of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation rather than markers of EG degradation distinguished oedematous and non-oedematous children with SM. INTERPRETATION Our results show that oedema formation has both albumin-dependent and independent mechanisms. ECM integrity appears to have a greater role in oedema formation than EG shedding in SM. FUNDING Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Thrasher Foundation (15122 and 9403), VLIR-UOS-Ghent University Global Minds Fund, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1131320), MRC/DfID/Wellcome Trust Global Health Trials Scheme (MR/M007367/1), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (156307), Wellcome Trust (WT083579MA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherland,Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium,Corresponding author at: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherland.
| | - James M. Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya,Corresponding author at: The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Bonface M Gichuki
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Bijun Wen
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moses Ngari
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Isabel Potani
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Former College of Medicine), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Johnstone Thitiri
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Former College of Medicine), Blantyre, Malawi,Amsterdam Centre for Global Child Health, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherland,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherland
| | - Robert Bandsma
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Former College of Medicine), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jill Vanmassenhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wen B, Njunge JM, Bourdon C, Gonzales GB, Gichuki BM, Lee D, Wishart DS, Ngari M, Chimwezi E, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Voskuijl W, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ. Systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances underlie inpatient mortality among ill children with severe malnutrition. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj6779. [PMID: 35171682 PMCID: PMC8849276 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Children admitted to hospital with an acute illness and concurrent severe malnutrition [complicated severe malnutrition (CSM)] have a high risk of dying. The biological processes underlying their mortality are poorly understood. In this case-control study nested within a multicenter randomized controlled trial among children with CSM in Kenya and Malawi, we found that blood metabolomic and proteomic profiles robustly differentiated children who died (n = 92) from those who survived (n = 92). Fatalities were characterized by increased energetic substrates (tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites), microbial metabolites (e.g., propionate and isobutyrate), acute phase proteins (e.g., calprotectin and C-reactive protein), and inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α). These perturbations indicated disruptions in mitochondria-related bioenergetic pathways and sepsis-like responses. This study identified specific biomolecular disturbances associated with CSM mortality, revealing that systemic inflammation and bioenergetic deficits are targetable pathophysiological processes for improving survival of this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - James M. Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bonface M. Gichuki
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Moses Ngari
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Johnstone Thitiri
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Laura Mwalekwa
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Paediatrics, Coast General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - James A. Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert HJ Bandsma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Translational medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pediatrics, the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Wen B, Brals D, Bourdon C, Erdman L, Ngari M, Chimwezi E, Potani I, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ, Voskuijl W. Predicting the risk of mortality during hospitalization in sick severely malnourished children using daily evaluation of key clinical warning signs. BMC Med 2021; 19:222. [PMID: 34538239 PMCID: PMC8451091 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite adherence to WHO guidelines, inpatient mortality among sick children admitted to hospital with complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains unacceptably high. Several studies have examined risk factors present at admission for mortality. However, risks may evolve during admission with medical and nutritional treatment or deterioration. Currently, no specific guidance exists for assessing daily treatment response. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of monitoring clinical signs on a daily basis for assessing mortality risk during hospitalization in children with SAM. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial (NCT02246296) among 843 hospitalized children with SAM. Daily clinical signs were prospectively collected during ward rounds. Multivariable extended Cox regression using backward feature selection was performed to identify daily clinical warning signs (CWS) associated with time to death within the first 21 days of hospitalization. Predictive models were subsequently developed, and their prognostic performance evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and time-dependent area under the curve (tAUC). RESULTS Inpatient case fatality ratio was 16.3% (n=127). The presence of the following CWS during daily assessment were found to be independent predictors of inpatient mortality: symptomatic hypoglycemia, reduced consciousness, chest indrawing, not able to complete feeds, nutritional edema, diarrhea, and fever. Daily risk scores computed using these 7 CWS together with MUAC<10.5cm at admission as additional CWS predict survival outcome of children with SAM with a C-index of 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.86). Moreover, counting signs among the top 5 CWS (reduced consciousness, symptomatic hypoglycemia, chest indrawing, not able to complete foods, and MUAC<10.5cm) provided a simpler tool with similar prognostic performance (C-index of 0.79; 95% CI 0.74-0.84). Having 1 or 2 of these CWS on any day during hospitalization was associated with a 3 or 11-fold increased mortality risk compared with no signs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for structured monitoring of daily CWS as recommended clinical practice as it improves prediction of inpatient mortality among sick children with complicated SAM. We propose a simple counting-tool to guide healthcare workers to assess treatment response for these children. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02246296.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniella Brals
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lauren Erdman
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moses Ngari
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Clinical Research Department, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Chimwezi
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Isabel Potani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Johnstone Thitiri
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Clinical Research Department, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Laura Mwalekwa
- Clinical Research Department, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Coast General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Clinical Research Department, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Coast General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi. .,Amsterdam Center for Global Child Health, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang T, Zhao XJ, Zhu HD, Lu M, Wen B, Ma L. Clinical characteristics, genes identification and follow-up study of a patient with central venous thrombosis from a protein S deficiency pedigree. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:353-361. [PMID: 33506924 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202101_24402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical and prognostic features of CVT caused by PROS1 gene mutations and to provide clinical experience for new oral anticoagulants, such as rivaroxaban, in the treatment of CVT with a high risk of thrombosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The CVT patient's clinical symptoms were described, and the brain imaging and blood coagulation tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of CVT. The patient's family members were recruited to receive blood coagulation tests and ultrasonic examination of lower limb vessels. Genetic analysis on the pedigree was carried out to identify the responsible gene for PS deficiency. We followed-up with this patient for 24 months to evaluate the clinical outcomes, laboratory results and imaging performances of CVT. RESULTS The patient presented with typical CVT symptoms, including headache and epilepsy. Brain CT showed hemorrhage in the bilateral frontal lobe and left occipital lobe, while MRV demonstrated that thrombus had occurred. It was reviewed that the patient and his mother had a history of bilateral leg deep vein thrombosis. Gene tests revealed that the patient and two family members carried a heterozygous mutation of PROS1 (c.751_752delAT, p.M251Vfs*17). During 24 months of follow-up study, the patient was treated with rivaroxaban continuously and recovered well, supported by an mRS score that remained below 2. Blood coagulation tests were within normal limits, and MRV revealed partial recanalization of the cerebral venous sinus. CONCLUSIONS The frame shift mutation in the PROS1 gene (c.751_752delAT) may greatly affect the function of protein S and lead to a severe phenotype of CVT. Rivaroxaban showed a satisfying therapeutic effect in this CVT patient with hereditary thrombophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Yang J, Cao M, Wen B. Seed dormancy profiles for forest dynamics plot data: focusing on a tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:420-426. [PMID: 33350038 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-term forest dynamics monitoring plots provide information on number of individual species in the plot, allowing us for the first time to construct seed dormancy profiles at the species and individual levels for a specific site. Focusing on the Xishuangbanna tropical season rainforest plot (XTRDP), we used data from nine forest dynamics plots (two for tropical, four for subtropical and three for temperate) and information on kind of seed dormancy to generate seed dormancy profiles for communities across tropical to temperate latitudes at the species and individual levels. Seed dormancy information was collected from previous publications, and some data were provided by two germplasm banks that test seed germination of wild plants in China. In XTRDP, 35% of the species and 58% of individuals have non-dormant seeds; the dominant species have non-dormant seeds. In all plots, the most common kind of dormancy among species and individuals with dormant seeds was physiological dormancy. At the species level, the profile for tropical, subtropical and temperate plots was similar to profiles for each of these vegetation regions. In all plots, except one subtropical plot, the percentage of species versus individuals with dormant seeds differed. All temperate plots had a higher percentage of individuals than species with dormant seeds, but this pattern was not consistent for tropical or subtropical plots. We show that dormancy increases with latitude at both the species and individual levels. Dormancy profiles at the individual tree level provide new insight into seed dormancy relationships within plant communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - M Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - B Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian Y, Zhang Y, Wen B, Li C, He Y. Hepatosplenic tuberculosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with pyrexia of unknown origin. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021. [PMID: 33903087 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pan F, Wang X, Wen B, Wang C, Xu Y, Dang W, Zhang M. Development of walnut oil and almond oil blends for improvements in nutritional and oxidative stability. Grasas y Aceites 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0920192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
For the increase in oxidative stability and phytonutrient contents of walnut oil (WO), 5, 10, 20 and 30% blends with almond oil (AO) were prepared. The fatty acid compositions and the micronutrients of the oil samples such as tocopherol, phytosterol and squalene were measured by GC-MS and HPLC. It was found that the proportions of PUFAs/SFAs in blended oils with high AO contents were lowered, and the blends contained higher levels of tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene than those of pure WO. The 60 °C oven accelerated oxidation test was used to determine the oxidative stability of the blended oil. The fatty acid composition, micronutrients and oxidation products were determined. The results showed that the oxidation stability of the blended oil increased with an increasing proportion of AO. In addition, a significant negative correlation between micronutrient and oxidation products was observed as the number of days of oxidation increased.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong J, Wen B, Wang C, Li G, He F. Effect of Carbogen On Tumor Oxygenation Status By Probe pO2 Measurement And Hypoxia Imaging Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Gonzales GB, Njunge JM, Gichuki BM, Wen B, Potani I, Voskuijl W, Bandsma RHJ, Berkley JA. Plasma proteomics reveals markers of metabolic stress in HIV infected children with severe acute malnutrition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11235. [PMID: 32641735 PMCID: PMC7343797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection affects up to 30% of children presenting with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Africa and is associated with increased mortality. Children with SAM are treated similarly regardless of HIV status, although mechanisms of nutritional recovery in HIV and/or SAM are not well understood. We performed a secondary analysis of a clinical trial and plasma proteomics data among children with complicated SAM in Kenya and Malawi. Compared to children with SAM without HIV (n = 113), HIV-infected children (n = 54) had evidence (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p < 0.05) of metabolic stress, including enriched pathways related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. Moreover, we observed reduced plasma levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein, butyrylcholinesterase, and increased levels of complement C2 resembling findings in metabolic syndrome, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. HIV was also associated (FDR corrected p < 0.05) with higher plasma levels of inflammatory chemokines. Considering evidence of biomarkers of metabolic stress, it is of potential concern that our current treatment strategy for SAM regardless of HIV status involves a high-fat therapeutic diet. The results of this study suggest a need for clinical trials of therapeutic foods that meet the specific metabolic needs of children with HIV and SAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - James M Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Bonface M Gichuki
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Bijun Wen
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isabel Potani
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Global Child Health Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya.,KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li YH, Tao R, Gao D, Wen B, Dong B, Song Y, Zou ZY, Ma J. [A study on the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity among children and adolescents in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:845-849. [PMID: 32564547 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20190711-00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity or central obesity in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years. Methods: A total of 172 710 students who participated in the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health with complete data of sleep duration and physical examination, were selected as study subjects. Insufficient sleep was defined, according to the amount of sleep for pediatric populations recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Obesity and central obesity of children and adolescents were judged by experts from the Group of China Obesity Task Force and Health Industry Standards in China. Differences between groups were compared by using the t test or χ(2) test. Logistic regression method was applied to assess the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity or central obesity. Results: In 2014, numbers of students with insufficient sleep, obesity and central obesity among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years appeared as 133 410 (77.2%), 11 145 (6.5%), and 12 603 (17.8%), respectively. Among the students with insufficient sleep, 8 358 (6.3%) were with obesity and 12 244 (17.9%) were with central obesity. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity among boys with insufficient sleep was higher than that in girls. Pupils with insufficient sleep showed the highest prevalence of obesity and central obesity. After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of obesity appeared an increase of 14.5% (OR=1.145, 95%CI: 1.092-1.200) and the risk of central obesity increased by 12.7% (OR=1.127, 95%CI: 1.078-1.178) in students with insufficient sleep, when compared with those with adequate sleep. Compared with those whose daily sleep duration was less than 6 hours, the ones who slept 7-10 hours per day showed significantly reduction on the risk of obesity and central obesity in students. Conclusions: Insufficient sleep significantly increase the risk of obesity and central obesity in children and adolescents while adequate sleep of 7-10 hours per day would reduce the risk of obesity and central obesity in students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - R Tao
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - B Wen
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - B Dong
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Song
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Y Zou
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wen B, Bourdon C, Gonzales G, Lee D, Njunge J, Ngari M, Chimwezi E, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Voskuijl W, Berkley J, Bandsma R. Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Mortality of Children with Complicated Severe Malnutrition: A Nested Case-Control Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Children hospitalized with complicated severe malnutrition (CSM) have unacceptably high mortality rates despite receiving standard nutritional and medical treatment. The underlying pathology of the poor prognosis is not well understood. Growing evidence indicates presence of metabolic dysfunction in CSM. Yet, it is unclear whether and how metabolic dysfunction contributes the poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify metabolic signatures and pathways associated with CSM mortality.
Methods
A case-control study was performed on CSM patients enrolled to a multicenter (one Malawi and two Kenya hospitals) randomized control trial (NCT02246296). A total of 90 death cases and 90 discharged controls that were propensity score matched by age, HIV and mid-upper arm circumferences were included in the study. Targeted metabolomics was performed on their serum samples collected at admission and on day 3 of hospitalization. In particular, 206 metabolites, including amino acids, acylcarnitines, lipids and organic acids were quantified by LC-MS/MS.
Results
Discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that metabolomic signatures at admission could differentiate cases from controls, with a cross-validated classification error rate of 21.8%. An increase of homovanillic, isobutyric and propionic acids, and decrease of lipids lysoPC a C18:2, lysoPC a C20:4, PC ae C42:2, SM C26:0, and SM C26:1 were the top 8 significant features characterizing the admission metabolomes of cases. Notably, cases with higher levels of isobutyrate, a microbial fermentation product, had significantly shorter survival time, implying a role of gut integrity in mortality. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway differentiated cases from controls. Analysis of day 3 samples showed metabolic differences in response to treatment, especially in the recovery rate of lipids, between cases and controls.
Conclusions
CSM non-survivors have metabolomes distinct from survivors indicating perturbations in mitochondrial function and nutrition utilization. Perturbed metabolites identified shed light on biological mechanisms of mortality and may serve as targets of nutritional or therapeutic interventions to improve CSM survival.
Funding Sources
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Thrasher Research Fund, and RESTRACOMP Graduate Scholarship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | | | - Dorothy Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - James Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Kenya
| | - Moses Ngari
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Wieger Voskuijl
- Global Child Health Group, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Bandsma
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang C, Sun HH, Li J, Jiang HC, Guan S, Wang X, Wen B, Ouyang T, Li XR, Geng CZ, Yin J. [Clinical analysis of 382 immediately breast reconstruction after mastectomy in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province from 2012 to 2016]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:105-109. [PMID: 32074808 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the status of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the data of 382 cases with breast cancer who were treated and followed up successfully with immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy from January 2012 to December 2016 in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province. Clinic data of the followed-up 382 cases (all female, age (38.5±4.2) years (range: 24 to 70 years)), including general information, tumor information, sugery methods, and treatments after surgery were collected. The survival status, metastasis,complications and prognosis were followed up. Cosmetic effcet was evalated by Harris method, and life quality by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast scale (FACT-B). χ(2) test was used to compare the difference between year 2012 and year 2013 to 2016. Bonferroni method was used to correct the inspection level, which was 0.05/10=0.005. The trend of IBR rate (ratio of IBR to modified radical mastectomy) from 2013 to 2016 was analyzed by trend χ(2) test. Results: There was 46 cases in stage 0, 152 cases in stage Ⅰ, 165 cases in stage Ⅱ, 19 cases in stage Ⅲ. Twenty-five cases was treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 231 by chemotherapy and 35 by radiotherapy. The proportion of implant reconstruction was 48.7% (186/382), more than expanded of 21.5% (82/382), with latissimus dorsi of 12.0% (46/382), TRAM of 8.9% (34/382), DIEP of 2.1% (8/382), and latissimus plus implant of 6.8% (26/382). According to the Harris standard, the excellent and good rate of the cosmetic effect of the reconstructed breast was 93.7%. The score of FACT-B was 108.20±16.9 (range: 67 to 144) 1 year postoperatively. Compared with 2012, the IBR rate was significant increased, till 2015, the IBR rate was 153/10 000 cases (χ(2)=47.028, P=0.000). Conclusions: There is a significant increase on IBR rate in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei province by year. Most of cases received IBR is stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ. Implant reconstruction is the main reconstructive method. Postoperative cosmetic effects and quality of life are both meet patients' demon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - H H Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Beiyuan Street Community Health Service Center, Beijing 101100, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - H C Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - S Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - B Wen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - T Ouyang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - X R Li
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - C Z Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Cancer Surgery Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huo JK, Zhou LJ, Wen B, Wang XJ, Dong B, Ma J. [The method of blood pressure evaluation among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:1299-1304. [PMID: 31795590 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The national health industry standard (WS/T 610-2018), 'the reference of screening for elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7-to 18-years-old', plays a significant role in the standardization of the blood pressure evaluation, the early detection of high blood pressure, and the early intervention of hypertension and other chronic non-communicable diseases among Chinese children and adolescents. This standard gives screening thresholds for blood pressure assessment of children and adolescents in different genders, ages, and heights. Given the complexity of applying this standard, it is error-prone and less efficient to evaluate blood pressure one by one or program this procedure. Therefore, this study provides a SPSS package based on the standard for researchers to download and use, combined with specific cases to guide the use of this package to evaluate the blood pressure of children and adolescents step by step, which could empower researchers to accurately and efficiently conduct blood pressure screening for children and adolescents in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Huo
- School of Public Health, Peking University/Institute of Child and Adolescent health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu K, Cui K, Feng H, Li R, Lin H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yuan H, Li M, Wang T, Lan R, Liu J, Rao K, Wen B. JTE‐013 supplementation improves erectile dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin‐induced type Ⅰ diabetes through the inhibition of the rho‐kinase pathway, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Andrology 2019; 8:497-508. [PMID: 31610097 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Liu
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - K. Cui
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - H. Feng
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - R. Li
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - H. Lin
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - H. Yuan
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - M. Li
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - R. Lan
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - K. Rao
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
- Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - B. Wen
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University Shenzhen China
- Department of Urology Shenzhen Bao'an Shajing People's Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Shenzhen China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang C, Wang Z, Dong J, Li G, He F, Wen B. A Preclinical Model for Imaging Hypoxia-Driven Gene Expression in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Xenograft. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Xu RB, Wen B, Song Y, Luo DM, Dong YH, Dong B, Ma J. [The change in mortality and major causes of death among Chinese adolescents from 1990 to 2016]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 52:802-808. [PMID: 30107713 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the change in mortality and major causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Data of death for Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016). The data was used to describe the change in mortality of Chinese adolescents from 1990 to 2016.Top 15 causes of death were compared between 1990 and 2016. Results: From 1990 to 2016, the all-cause mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years old dropped from 102.5/100 000 to 41.2/100 000, reaching about a half of the global average (78.6/100 000) but still almost twice as high as the average of high-income countries (24.3/100 000) by 2016; the reduction in mortality was higher among females than that among males (decreased 68.7% vs. 54.7%), and among adolescents aged 10-14 years than that among those aged 15-19 years (decreased 62.1% vs. 57.1%). During the 26-year period, the cause-specific mortality of all top 15 causes saw sharp decreases. Among them, communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases saw the most significant decrease (78.1%), and its proportion in all adolescent deaths fell from 11.1% to 6.1%. Meanwhile, non-communicable diseases and injuries saw relatively small decreases (58.2% and 57.3% respectively), and their proportions rose from 33.4% and 55.6% to 34.8% and 59.1%, respectively. The top 5 causes of death changed from drowning (17.39/100 000 in mortality, 17.0% in proportion), road injuries (14.77/100 000, 14.4%), self-harm (11.44/100 000, 11.2%), leukemia (5.48/100 000, 5.4%) and interpersonal violence (3.12/100 000, 3.0%) in1990 into road injuries (9.27/100 000, 22.5%), drowning (6.83/100 000, 16.6%), leukemia(2.73/100 000, 6.6%), self-harm (2.53/100 000, 6.2%) and congenital birth defects (1.76/100 000, 4.3%) in 2016, and tuberculosis, poisonings and rheumatic heart disease had dropped out of the top 15 in 2016. Conclusion: The mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years has decreased significantly, but still higher than developed countries. Since 1990, injuries,especially for road injuries and drowning, have always been the leading causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years, followed by non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Xu
- School of Public Health in Peking University, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wen B, Taibi A, Villa CR, Lee SH, Sagaidak S, Comelli EM. Effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Mice Infected with Citrobacter rodentium. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020051. [PMID: 30769786 PMCID: PMC6407003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that selected Bifidobacterium bifidum strains sustain intestinal homeostasis. This study aimed to examine whether the administration of B. bifidum MIMBb75 (BB75) attenuates Citrobacter rodentium infection, a murine model for enteric infection and inflammatory bowel disease in humans. C57Bl6/J mice were randomized to receive BB75 daily starting before or after C. rodentium infection. BB75 load and infection kinetics were monitored. On day 10 post-infection (p.i.), histological parameters of the large intestine were assessed. Barrier integrity was evaluated by pathogen translocation to secondary organs and in vivo permeability test. Fecal C. rodentium load peaked at 1010 CFU/g at day 10 p.i., with clearance at day 24 p.i., regardless of probiotic treatment. BB75 administration resulted in 107 cells/g of feces with no effect of timing of administration. BB75 treatment did not attenuate C. rodentium-induced crypt hyperplasia nor inflammation. C. rodentium and BB75 can co-exist in the gut with no mutual displacement. However, BB75 cannot counteract C. rodentium pathology. Our findings provide insight for the understanding of probiotics behavior and their clinical relevance in intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Christopher R Villa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Shin-Hann Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sofia Sagaidak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Y, Bai Y, Wen B, Zhang T. Comparison of Sulforaphane Content : Traditional vs. Modified Recipes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
27
|
Zhou Y, Ni X, Wen B, Duan L, Sun H, Yang M, Zou F, Lin Y, Liu Q, Zeng Y, Fu X, Pan K, Jing B, Wang P, Zeng D. Appropriate dose of Lactobacillus buchneri supplement improves intestinal microbiota and prevents diarrhoea in weaning Rex rabbits. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:401-416. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects on intestinal microbiota and diarrhoea of Lactobacillus buchneri supplementation to the diet of weaning Rex rabbits. To this end, rabbits were treated with L. buchneri at two different doses (LC: 104 cfu/g diet and HC: 105 cfu/g diet) for 4 weeks. PCR-DGGE was used to determine the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, while real-time PCR permitted the detection of individual bacterial species. ELISA and real-time PCR allowed the identification of numerous cytokines in the intestinal tissues. Zonula occludens-1, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and immunoglobulin A genes were examined to evaluate intestinal barriers. Results showed that the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits improved in the whole tract of the treated groups. The abundance of most detected bacterial species was highly increased in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum after L. buchneri administration. The species abundance in the HC group was more increased than in the LC group when compared to the control. Although the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited a different pattern, Escherichia coli was inhibited in all treatment groups. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 genes were down-regulated in all intestinal tissues as the microbiota changed. In the LC group, the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α was reduced, the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 was up-regulated and the expression of intestinal-barrier-related genes was enhanced. Conversely, IL-4 expression was increased and the expression of other tested genes did not change in the HC group. The beneficial effects of LC were greater than those of HC or the control in terms of improving the daily weight gain and survival rate of weaning Rex rabbits and reducing their diarrhoea rate. Therefore, 104 cfu/g L. buchneri treatment improved the microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits and prevented diarrhoea in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - X. Ni
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - B. Wen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - L. Duan
- Qu Country Extension Station for Husbandry Technology, Dazhou, Sichuan 635299, China P.R
| | - H. Sun
- Ya’an City Bureau of Agriculture, Ya’an, Sichuan 625099, China P.R
| | - M. Yang
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - F. Zou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Y. Lin
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Q. Liu
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Y. Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - X. Fu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - K. Pan
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - B. Jing
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - P. Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - D. Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wen B, Taibi A, Villa CR, Sagaidak S, Lee S, Comelli E. A282 EFFECTS OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUM IN MICE INFECTED WITH CITROBACTER RODENTIUM. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Wen
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Taibi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C R Villa
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Sagaidak
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Lee
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Comelli
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Su WG, Li DP, Xing PP, Xu LG, Shi FC, Wen B, Niu XH. [Effects of perforator flaps combined with muscle flaps for repairing grade Ⅳ pressure ulcers in ischial tuberosity of elderly patients]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2017; 33:545-549. [PMID: 28926875 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore effects of perforator flaps combined with muscle flaps for repairing grade Ⅳ pressure ulcers in ischial tuberosity of elderly patients. Methods: Nine elderly patients with grade Ⅳ pressure ulcers in ischial tuberosity were hospitalized in our burn ward from April 2014 to April 2017. Size of wounds ranged from 5 cm×3 cm to 12 cm×7 cm, and depth of sinus ranged from 6 to 22 cm. After admission, emergency debridement or debridement in selective time was performed. After debridement, the wounds were treated with continuous vacuum assisted closure therapy. After the treatment for 1 to 2 weeks, tissue flaps repair operations were performed. Four patients were repaired with inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps combined with long head of biceps femoris muscle flaps. Three patients were repaired with inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps combined with semimembranous muscle flaps. One patient was repaired with inferior gluteal artery perforator flap combined with gracilis muscle flap. One patient was repaired with femoral profound artery perforator flap combined with gluteus maximus muscle flap, and the distal area of femoral profound artery perforator flap of the patient which showed intraoperative cyanosis of 6 cm×4 cm was thinned to medium thickness skin to cover the muscle flap. The other eight patients showed no abnormality during operation. Size of perforator flaps ranged from 7 cm×5 cm to 14 cm×12 cm, and size of muscle flaps ranged from 11 cm×4 cm to 24 cm×6 cm. The donor sites of flaps were all sutured directly. Results: The tissue flaps and skin graft of all patients survived well after operation. During follow-up of 8 to 35 weeks, operative area of all patients showed good shape and texture, with no local diabrosis or recurrence of pressure ulcers. Conclusions: The combination of perforator flaps and muscle flaps is effective in repairing and reducing recurrence of grade Ⅳ pressure ulcers in ischial tuberosity of elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Su
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Villa CR, Chen J, Wen B, Sacco SM, Taibi A, Ward WE, Comelli EM. Maternal vitamin D beneficially programs metabolic, gut and bone health of mouse male offspring in an obesogenic environment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1875-1883. [PMID: 27698344 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin D is an anti-inflammatory nutrient and a determinant of bone health. Some prospective studies suggest that maternal vitamin D status is positively associated with offspring bone mass. We found that serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory molecule related to adiposity, insulin resistance and bone resorption, is lower in healthy mouse offspring exposed to high dietary vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. LPS reaches the circulation via the gut. This study investigated whether maternal vitamin D programs metabolic, gut and bone health of male offspring in an obesogenic environment. METHODS C57BL/6J dams received an AIN-93G diet with high (H) or low (L) vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, offspring remained on their dam's vitamin D level (LL or HH) or were switched (LH or HL) and fed a high fat (44.2%) and sucrose (19.8%) diet. Glucose response, adiposity, systemic inflammation (LPS, cytokines), intestinal permeability and mass, strength and microarchitecture of trabecular and cortical bone were assessed in 7-month-old male offsprings. RESULTS Higher maternal dietary vitamin D resulted in lower intestinal permeability (fecal albumin, P=0.010) and benefited trabecular but not cortical bone structure at the distal femur (higher trabecular number, P=0.022; less trabecular separation, P=0.015) and lumbar vertebra 2 (bone volume/total volume%, P=0.049). Higher maternal and offspring vitamin D resulted in lower fasting glucose (HH versus LL, P=0.039) and serum LPS concentrations (dam diet, P=0.011; pup diet, P=0.002). Higher offspring vitamin D resulted in lower epididymal fat pad relative weight (P=0.006). The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dietary vitamin D beneficially programs intestinal permeability and systemic LPS concentration, which is accompanied by stronger trabecular bone in an obesogenic environment. Thus, the gut may mediate vitamin D effects. Moreover, optimizing vitamin D in early life may be critical for later health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Villa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W E Ward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - E M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Child Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wen B, Niu S, Wang C, Zhang Y. Predictive Value of Primary Tumor Site for Locoregional Recurrence in Early Breast Cancer Patients With 1 to 3 Positive Axillary Lymphadenophy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Li R, Cui K, Wang T, Wang S, Li X, Qiu J, Yu G, Liu J, Wen B, Rao K. Hyperlipidemia impairs erectile function in rats by causing cavernosal fibrosis. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27619893 DOI: 10.1111/and.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Li
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - K. Cui
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - X. Li
- Department of Urology; The Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of The South Medical University; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - J. Qiu
- Department of Urology; The Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of The South Medical University; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - G. Yu
- Department of Urology; The Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of The South Medical University; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - B. Wen
- Department of Urology; The Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of The South Medical University; Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - K. Rao
- Department of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Institute of Urology; Tongji Medical College; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sagaidak S, Taibi A, Wen B, Comelli EM. Development of a real-time PCR assay for quantification of Citrobacter rodentium. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 126:76-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
34
|
Wang L, Gao Y, Wen B, Han Z, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Koshino M, Hone J, Dean CR. Evidence for a fractional fractal quantum Hall effect in graphene superlattices. Science 2015; 350:1231-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
35
|
Wen B, Peng H, Gao Y, Zhang T. Predictive Value of APAF-1 and COX-2 Expression in Pathologic Complete Response of Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma After Neoadjuvant Radiation Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Pan L, Ma X, Wen B, Su Z, Zheng X, Liu Y, Li H, Chen Y, Wang J, Lu F, Qu J, Hou L. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor/T-box factor-2 axis acts through Cyclin D1 to regulate melanocyte proliferation. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:631-42. [PMID: 26486273 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Control of cell proliferation is critical for accurate cell differentiation and tissue formation, during development and regeneration. Here, we have analysed the role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF and its direct target, T-box factor TBX2, in regulating proliferation of mammalian neural crest-derived melanocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine spatial and temporal expression of TBX2 in melanocytes in vivo. RNAi and cell proliferation analysis were used to investigate functional roles of TBX2. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to further scrutinize molecular mechanisms underlying TBX2-dependent cell proliferation. RESULTS TBX2 was found to be co-expressed with MITF in melanocytes of mouse hair follicles. Specific Tbx2 knockdown in primary neural crest cells led to inhibition MITF-positive melanoblast proliferation. Tbx2 knockdown in melan-a cells led to reduction in Cyclin D1 expression and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. TBX2 directly activated Ccnd1 transcription by binding to a specific sequence in the Ccnd1 promoter, and the defect in cell proliferation could be rescued partially by overexpression of Cyclin D1 in Tbx2 knockdown melanocytes. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the Mitf-Tbx2-Cyclin D1 pathway played an important role in regulation of melanocyte proliferation, and provided novel insights into the complex physiology of melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pan
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - X Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - B Wen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - Z Su
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - X Zheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - H Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - Y Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - F Lu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - J Qu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - L Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Villa C, Chen J, Wen B, Taibi A, Ward W, Comelli E. Improvement of Metabolic Parameters in Mice Supplemented with Vitamin D throughout Life. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.274.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Amel Taibi
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Wendy Ward
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Elena Comelli
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wen B, Chen J, Taibi A, Comelli E. Citrobacter rodentium
Infection Alters Murine Colonic microRNA Signature. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.252.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elena Comelli
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Patel S, Wang C, Mourad W, Dhanireddy B, Patel R, Patel L, Kabarriti R, Young R, Concert C, Ryniak M, Wen B, Shasha D, Hu K, Harrison L. Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma With Close or Positive Margins: Treatment Outcomes and Toxicities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Zhang N, Wen B, Ji MY, Yan Q. Low-temperature storage and cryopreservation of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) seeds. Cryo Letters 2014; 35:418-426. [PMID: 25397957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapefruit is an economically important fruit worldwide, but our knowledge of its seed biology is rather poor. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to develop techniques for banking and cryopreservation of grapefruit seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Grapefruit seeds with the exotesta removed were used. Seeds were desiccated to three moisture levels between 5-9 % and stored at 15 degree C, 4 degree C and -20 degree C for up to 24, months to investigate seed lifespan in conventional seed bank. Meanwhile seeds desiccated by silica gel or saturated salt solution and embryonic axes by flash drying were employed to develop cryopreservation protocols. RESULTS It was confirmed that grapefruit seeds have some intermediate properties, being able to withstand removal of type II water up to 7 % MC, but sensitive to -20 degree C storage. For cryopreservation, the excised embryonic axes had a wider moisture window between 5 % and 15%, with a maximum past-thaw emergence of 95 %, while seeds survived only with a maximum past-thaw emergence of 50 % or 70 % from a much narrow moisture window. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous reports on another type II seed, coffee, we found that citrus seeds desiccated by silica gel had better post-thaw viability than those subjected to equilibrium desiccation with saturated salt solutions. Further investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to variable cryopreservation tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China.
| | - M Y Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wen B, Wang XX, Cao WQ, Shi HL, Lu MM, Wang G, Jin HB, Wang WZ, Yuan J, Cao MS. Reduced graphene oxides: the thinnest and most lightweight materials with highly efficient microwave attenuation performances of the carbon world. Nanoscale 2014; 6:5754-61. [PMID: 24681667 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and graphite nanosheet (GN) were obtained via the chemical approach. Furthermore, r-GO composites and GN composites were prepared with a paraffin wax host. r-GO composites show high dielectric properties and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE). Compared with the GN composites, the loss tangent and EMI SE of the r-GO composites with the same mass ratio are enhanced ∼5 to 10 times and ∼3 to 10 times, respectively. The enhanced attenuation capacity arises from higher specific surface area, clustered defects and residual bonds of the r-GOs, which increase the polarization loss, scattering and conductivity of the composite. Moreover, the higher conductivity of r-GO composites leads to higher EMI SE compared with that of GN composites. These results suggest that r-GOs are highly promising fillers for microwave attenuation in the carbon family and that r-GO composites are high-performance EMI shielding materials with application anticipated to many fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wen B, Ström A, Tasker A, West G, Tucker GA. Effect of silencing the two major tomato fruit pectin methylesterase isoforms on cell wall pectin metabolism. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15:1025-32. [PMID: 23573946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest storage is largely limited by fruit softening, a result of cell wall degradation. Pectin methylesterase (PE) (EC 3.1.1.11) is a major hydrolase responsible for pectin de-esterification in the cell wall, a response to fruit ripening. Two major PE isoforms, PE1 and PE2, have been isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) pericarp tissue and both have previously been down-regulated using antisense suppression. In this paper, PE1 and PE2 double antisense tomato plants were successfully generated through crossing the two single antisense lines. In the double antisense fruit, approximately 10% of normal PE activity remained and ripening associated pectin de-esterification was almost completely blocked. However, double antisense fruit softened normally during ripening. In tomato fruit, the PE1 isoform was found to contribute little to total PE activity and have little effect on the degree of esterification of pectin. In contrast, the other dominant fruit isoform, PE2, has a major impact on de-esterification of total pectin. PE2 appears to act on non-CDTA-soluble pectin during ripening and on CDTA-soluble pectin before the start of ripening in a potentially block-wise fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wen
- The University of Nottingham - School of Biosciences, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang J, Wen B, Singh P, Bassalow R, Parashar B, Sabbas A, Wernicke G, Chao K. Analysis of Radiation-induced Toxicity in Patients Receiving Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Lung Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
Mokashi A, Li S, Wen B, Kravchenko SV, Shashkin AA, Dolgopolov VT, Sarachik MP. Critical behavior of a strongly interacting 2D electron system. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:096405. [PMID: 23002865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.096405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With decreasing density n(s) the thermopower S of a low-disorder two-dimensional electron system in silicon is found to exhibit a sharp increase by more than an order of magnitude tending to a divergence at a finite disorder-independent density n(t) consistent with the critical form (-T/S) is proportional to (n(s)-n(t))(x) with x=1.0±0.1 (T is the temperature). Our results provide clear evidence for an interaction-induced transition to a new phase at low density in a strongly interacting 2D electron system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mokashi
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan C, Li W, Zhao Y, Dai T, Wen B, Liu S, Wu J, Li D. P4.54 Splicing mutations in PNPLA2 gene cause neutral lipid storage disease with asymmetric myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Li H, Chen Q, Zhang X, Liu T, Liu F, Li W, Wen B, Liu S, Yan C. P2.02 Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of 13 Chinese patients with suspected hereditary inclusion body myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, Ng K, Zhao R, Cahan P, Kim J, Aryee MJ, Ji H, Ehrlich L, Yabuuchi A, Takeuchi A, Cunniff KC, Hongguang H, Mckinney-Freeman S, Naveiras O, Yoon TJ, Irizarry RA, Jung N, Seita J, Hanna J, Murakami P, Jaenisch R, Weissleder R, Orkin SH, Weissman IL, Feinberg AP, Daley GQ. Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2010; 467:285-90. [PMID: 20644535 PMCID: PMC3150836 DOI: 10.1038/nature09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1617] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer and transcription-factor-based reprogramming revert adult cells to an embryonic state, and yield pluripotent stem cells that can generate all tissues. Through different mechanisms and kinetics, these two reprogramming methods reset genomic methylation, an epigenetic modification of DNA that influences gene expression, leading us to hypothesize that the resulting pluripotent stem cells might have different properties. Here we observe that low-passage induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived by factor-based reprogramming of adult murine tissues harbour residual DNA methylation signatures characteristic of their somatic tissue of origin, which favours their differentiation along lineages related to the donor cell, while restricting alternative cell fates. Such an 'epigenetic memory' of the donor tissue could be reset by differentiation and serial reprogramming, or by treatment of iPSCs with chromatin-modifying drugs. In contrast, the differentiation and methylation of nuclear-transfer-derived pluripotent stem cells were more similar to classical embryonic stem cells than were iPSCs. Our data indicate that nuclear transfer is more effective at establishing the ground state of pluripotency than factor-based reprogramming, which can leave an epigenetic memory of the tissue of origin that may influence efforts at directed differentiation for applications in disease modelling or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Doi
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Wen
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Ng
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Zhao
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Cahan
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - MJ Aryee
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - H Ji
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Ehrlich
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Yabuuchi
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Takeuchi
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - KC Cunniff
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H Hongguang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Mckinney-Freeman
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - O Naveiras
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - TJ Yoon
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - RA Irizarry
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - N Jung
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Seita
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Hanna
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Murakami
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - SH Orkin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - IL Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - AP Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - GQ Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the spectrum of the NO-N(2) complex in the region of the first vibrational NO overtone transition. The origin band of the complex is blueshifted by 0.30 cm(-1) from the corresponding NO monomer frequency. The observed spectrum consists of three bands assigned to the origin band, the excitation of one quantum of z-axis rotation and one associated hot band. The spacing of the bands and the rotational structure indicate a T-shaped vibrationally averaged structure with the NO molecule forming the top of the T. These findings are confirmed by high level ab initio calculations of the potential energy surfaces in planar symmetry. The deepest minimum is found for a T-shaped geometry on the A(")-surface. As a result the sum potential also has the global minimum for this structure. The different potential surfaces show several additional local minima at slightly higher energies indicating that the complex most likely will perform large amplitude motion even in its ground vibrational state. Nevertheless, as suggested by the measured spectra, the complex must, on average, spend a substantial amount of time near the T-shaped configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2451, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wen B, Cai C, Wang R, Tan Y, Lan O. Critical moisture content windows differ for the cryopreservation of pomelo (Citrus grandis) seeds and embryonic axes. Cryo Letters 2010; 31:29-39. [PMID: 20309507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation was attempted using a partial dehydration and freezing protocol on pomelo (Citrus grandis) seeds of ten cultivars and embryonic axes of one cultivar collected from Xishuangbanna. Although seeds of all ten cultivars could be dehydrated safely to 10 percent moisture content, further dehydration impaired seed viability with critical moisture contents ranging from 9 percent to 7 percent. Complete seedling regenerated from seeds frozen in a moisture window between 5-9 percent, and maximum seedling recovery varied between 22-86 percent. Cryopreservation of Jiajieyou cv. embryonic axes had a moisture window between 3-20 percent , much wider compared to whole seed cryopreservation, and maximum post-thaw emergence of 93 percent was achieved at 13 percent moisture content. Emergence differed only slightly from survival when whole seeds were cryopreserved, but for the embryonic axis cryopreservation at low moisture contents resulted in much lower emergence than survival. Possible causes of intraspecific variation in cryotolerance in pomelo seeds is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wen
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lymberis S, Kumaev B, Wen B, Joszef G, DeWyngaert J, Chang J, Formenti S. Comparison of Cardiac Position among Left Breast Cancer Patients Treated Supine or Prone on NYU Protocol 05-181. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|