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Dualle MA, Robinette LM, Hatsu IE. Food Related Challenges and Mental Health Among U.S. African Migrants: A Narrative Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:371-384. [PMID: 37400706 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The United States' (US) African immigrant (AI) population is growing, yet they are underrepresented in health and nutrition research. This population experiences difficulties finding culturally appropriate foods and navigating the US food environment (FE), is highly food insecure (FI), and vulnerable to mental disorders. This review examined the current evidence for AIs' food and mental health outcomes and connections; and identified gaps in the literature and future research opportunities. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. Twenty-one studies were identified, reporting high (37-85%) FI rates, poor diet quality, and increased risk of mental disorders among participants. Challenges in the FE, lack of transportation, limited access to ethnic foods, low SES, and language barriers were associated with FI and poor diet quality. Similarly, discrimination, substance use, and immigration status were associated with depression and anxiety. However, studies examining the connection between AI's food experience and mental health are lacking. AIs are at a higher risk for FI, poor diet quality, and mental disorders. Ethnic-specific research to understand the connection between their food and mental health is needed to reduce nutrition and mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryan A Dualle
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa M Robinette
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irene E Hatsu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences | Human Nutrition Program, 341 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Artzi-Medvedik R, Tsikholska L, Chertok IA. A Qualitative Exploration of the Experience of Child Feeding Among Ukrainian Refugee and Immigrant Mothers During Escape and Relocation. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:21-29. [PMID: 37747386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the continued armed conflict impacting Ukrainian families, it is important to understand the influence of escape, displacement, and relocation on the disruption to daily life, particularly on young child feeding. METHOD A phenomenological study explored 16 refugee mothers' experiences and perceptions of feeding young children since the onset of the conflict and following relocation to America or Israel. RESULTS Four themes were identified from the narratives: culturally-based perceptions of young child nutrition; breastfeeding during the conflict and relocation; challenges with accessing nutritious food during the conflict and relocation; and food adaptation on relocation. DISCUSSION These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of culture on child-feeding beliefs and practices and can be used to develop a population-focused approach to formulate recommendations for health professionals in providing culturally relevant feeding education and support for refugee mothers and their children.
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Moura HSD, Berra TZ, Rosa RJ, Silva RVDS, Soares DDA, de Araújo JST, Costa FBP, de Souza RMP, do Nascimento MC, Teibo TKA, Serrano-Gallardo MDP, Arcêncio RA. Health condition, income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities among migrants and refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1728. [PMID: 37670227 PMCID: PMC10481567 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil is the destination of many international migrants and refugees and, given the circumstances of their entry into the country, many face difficulties due to the absence of targeted policies. Thus, the objective of this study was to survey the social impact of COVID-19 on international migrants and refugees regarding income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities, and to identify explanatory factors on these aspects. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, analytical study. We used a validated instrument applied by trained interviewers. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with income loss and food insecurity. RESULTS A total of 360 individuals from sub-Saharan African and South American countries participated in the study. Individuals who were white, black/brown, yellow, had an occupation/employment, and earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to lose income. Those who reported no income, received less than one minimum wage, and were diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to be food insecure. CONCLUSIONS The study advances knowledge by identifying factors associated with income loss, food insecurity, and individuals' difficulty in accessing health services and social support measures in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriederson Sávio Dias Moura
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902.
| | - Thaís Zamboni Berra
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | - Rander Junior Rosa
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | - Ruan Víctor Dos Santos Silva
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | - Débora de Almeida Soares
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008
| | - Juliana Soares Tenório de Araújo
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | - Fernanda Bruzadelli Paulino Costa
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | | | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
| | | | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Avenida dos Bandeirantes, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902
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Jones-Antwi RE, Haardörfer R, Riosmena F, Patel SA, Cunningham SA. Role of country of origin and state of residence for dietary change among foreign-born adults in the US. Health Place 2023; 83:103106. [PMID: 37659156 PMCID: PMC10869268 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Place of origin and place of current residence may shape migrants' health-related behaviors. Using the nationally-representative US New Immigrant Survey (n = 7930), we examined associations between country of origin, state of residence, and dietary changes among foreign-born adults. 65% of migrants reported dietary change since immigration (mean score = 7.3; range = 1-10); 6% of the variance was explained by country of origin characteristics; 1.6% by US state of residence; 1.4% by their interaction. Country of origin factors, specifically availability of animal source foods and sweets, were associated with dietary change, availability of sweets also including greater abandonment of specific foods and adoption of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Jones-Antwi
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University USA; Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco USA One Bear Place #97343, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University USA.
| | | | - Fernando Riosmena
- Department of Sociology & Demography and Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas - San Antonio USA
| | - Shivani A Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University USA
| | - Solveig A Cunningham
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University USA
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Kouritzin T, Spence JC, Lee K. Food Intake and Food Selection Following Physical Relocation: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2023; 44:1605516. [PMID: 36817863 PMCID: PMC9928753 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To synthesize the current available evidence on the changes in food intake and food selection after physical relocation in non-refugee populations. Methods: The inclusion criteria were studies with a measurement of food selection and/or food intake in non-refugee populations where physical relocation had occurred with self-reported or objective assessment of the neighbourhood physical environment before and after relocation. Databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 1946 to August 2022. Results: A total of four articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, these studies gave longitudinal (n = 2) and cross-sectional (n = 2) evidence to suggest that moving to an urban neighbourhood with more convenience stores, cafés and restaurants around the home was associated with an increase in unhealthy food intake in adult populations. Additional factors such as income, vehicle access, cost, availability and perceptions of the local food environment played a role in shaping food selection and food intake. Conclusion: Four internal migration studies were found. The limited evidence base calls for more research. Future studies should include children and apply appropriate research designs to account for neighbourhood self-selection and concurrent life events. International migration studies should include assessment of neighbourhood physical environments pre- and post-relocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Kouritzin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Trevor Kouritzin,
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Steeves BA, Hollis-Hansen K, McElrone M, Nur H, Landry MJ. Supporting Food and Nutrition Security Among Migrant, Immigrant, and Refugee Populations. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:83-84. [PMID: 36764801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Anderson Steeves
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE; Chair-Elect, Public Health Nutrition Division of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior
| | | | - Marissa McElrone
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN
| | - Habiba Nur
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Chair, Public Health Nutrition Division of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior
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Nutritional and health status of adult Syrian refugees in the early years of asylum in Germany: a cross-sectional pilot study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2217. [PMID: 36447164 PMCID: PMC9706931 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is usually accompanied by changes in the social, cultural, and religious environment, socioeconomic status, and housing conditions, all of which affect nutritional health. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the dietary intake as well as nutritional and health situation in a population of Syrian refugees who have resided in Germany for at least six months up to four years since 2015. The primary aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the nutritional and health status in comparison to reference values. METHODS Between December 2018 and March 2020, 114 adult Syrian refugees were included in the study. The subjects filled out questionnaires on sociodemographic variables, exercise, and nutrition behavior (three-day nutrition record). After a fasting blood draw, the subjects were examined for anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body composition via a bioelectrical impedance analyzer). Various blood markers including iron status, hematological parameters, Vitamin D status, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and total homocysteine (tHcy) were measured. RESULTS About half of the participants (71 male, 43 female) had lived in Germany for less than three years. Over 60% of men and 30% of women were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), while 79% of men and 74% of women observed an elevated body fat mass. The evaluation of the three-day nutrition records revealed an unfavorable supply situation for numerous critical nutrients. More than half of the women (53.5%) had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin < 15 µg/l). The 25-OH-Vitamin D blood levels showed a high prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency (25-49.9 nmol/l: 38% of men and 21% of women) and deficiency (< 25 nmol/l: 44% of men and 70% of women). 83% of men and 67% of women showed tHcy levels in plasma > 10 nmol/l. Fasting insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index indicate a risk for insulin resistance. Hyperlipidemia was prevalent, especially in males with 24% showing hypertriglyceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) and LDL-hypercholesterolemia (> 130 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS The nutritional and health status of the cohort of Syrian refugees in Germany examined in this study is unsatisfactory, and many of the investigated refugees are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required to investigate the nutritional and health situation of refugees. This is obligatory to find ways to avoid malnutrition with all its associated health, sociodemographic, and economic consequences.
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Gerber S, Folta SC. You Are What You Eat… But Do You Eat What You Are? The Role of Identity in Eating Behaviors—A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173456. [PMID: 36079713 PMCID: PMC9458161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identity is a major construct in the fields of psychology and anthropology that can relate to both the maintenance of eating behaviors and cultural sensitivity. However, there has not been any systematic effort to understand the role of identity in eating behaviors and the maintenance of eating behaviors, or to address multiple aspects of identity within an individual across scientific disciplines. This scoping review aims to understand and describe existing research relating identity to eating behaviors and to detail the measurement of identity. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Ovid, PsychINFO, Embase, and Web of Science for articles on identity and eating behaviors published between January 1946 and March 2022. We utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, and search methods were developed with the assistance of a research librarian. We rated articles from 1 to 5 based on the depth, complexity, and multi-dimensionality of the identity measurement conducted. Scoring criteria included a review of the number of items directly querying or evaluating identity and the extent of measurement of identity domains. Results: In total, 100 articles were included, examining 10 different identities, 8 identity constructs, 11 eating behaviors, and construct contributions from 26 theories. The mean score of all articles was 2.9 on the scale from 1 to 5. A total of 10 studies scored a “1”; 30 scored a “2”, indicating the use of 1–2 basic questions about identity; 31 received a “3” for use of a common but non-complex identity instrument; 19 received a “4”, meaning they contained strong evaluation and included multiple types of identity but were lacking in terms of depth of measure and/or the comparison of identity effects to constructs; and 10 scored a “5” for their strong, in-depth measure of identity and inclusion of multiple types. Identity was found to be significantly related to eating behaviors in all but one study. Conclusion: Identity measurements seldom accounted for complexities such as multiple identities and identity shifting over time. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that multiple aspects of identity reciprocally reinforce behavior and that change maintenance is associated with identity salience and centrality. Identity is underutilized and heterogeneously applied in eating behavior research. The inclusion of identity assessments may lead to better outcomes being obtained within differing cultural, normative, and environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah Gerber
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Medical System, Falls Church, VA 22043, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara C. Folta
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Jones RE, Tasnim L, Cunningham SA. The Prevalence of Multimorbidity among Foreign-born Adults in the United States. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:213-222. [PMID: 35909642 PMCID: PMC9311306 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined multimorbidity among foreign-born adults in the United States. This population may be particularly affected by chronic conditions and limited health care access. Design Longitudinal cohort. Setting United States. Participants Foreign-born adults at the point of legal permanent residency. Main Outcome Measures Multimorbidity defined as two or more of eight chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and heart problems). Methods We estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity and patterns over time. Data are from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), a nationally representative study of adult immigrants at green card status in 2003 (N=8,174) and reinterview in 2008. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 6% in 2003, and 12% in 2008. The most common condition dyad at both time points was hypertension-obesity; the largest increase over time was in combinations that included hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The odds of having multimorbidity compared to no chronic conditions were higher among older immigrants and those who had seen a doctor in the past year. The odds of gaining one chronic condition over a 5-year period increased with age; 45-65 years: OR 2.8[CI 2.3,3.5]; aged ≥65 years: OR 3.2 CI[2.2,4.7]. Conclusions The prevalence of multimorbidity among immigrants was lower than the prevalence in the overall US population of the same age, consistent with studies showing an immigrant health advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Jones
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, Address correspondence to Rebecca E. Jones, PhD, MPH; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA;
| | - Lubaba Tasnim
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Solveig A. Cunningham
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Khuri J, Wang Y, Holden K, Fly AD, Mbogori T, Mueller S, Kandiah J, Zhang M. Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status among Refugees in Host Countries: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1846-1865. [PMID: 35561746 PMCID: PMC9526844 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Refugees remain vulnerable to acute food insecurity, malnutrition, and critically inadequate food and nutrient intake after migration, regardless of the economic level of the host country. We conducted this systematic review to summarize and evaluate the dietary intake and nutritional status among refugees resettled in non-camp settings worldwide. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases to review relevant studies published between 2009 and 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We also conducted an additional manual search through PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies that evaluated both dietary intake and nutritional status of refugees in host countries were included. A total of 15 articles from 10 countries were included and assessed for study quality and outcomes. Poor dietary diversity and insufficient intake of specific food groups were reported. In addition to these dietary patterns, a high prevalence of stunting, underweight, and anemia was reported, particularly among children. A double burden of malnutrition was also observed across and within studies. Post-resettlement dietary intake and nutritional status of refugees are both influenced by factors at the pre- and post-resettlement stages as refugees transition to their host countries. Those factors, including pre-resettlement experiences, host country resources, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and food security, were summarized and presented in a conceptual model. There is a need for comprehensive dietary and health screening as well as culturally appropriate and sustainable nutrition education resources and interventions for refugees to improve their diet and nutrition. Longitudinal studies and novel methodological approaches are also suggested to measure changes in refugees' food intake and nutritional status as well as to further investigate factors associated with these 2 components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Khuri
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Teresia Mbogori
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Mueller
- Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jayanhi Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Karki R, Perry C, Wilkinson J, Cole G. Prenatal Nutrition among Bhutanese Refugees in Utah: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2032898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Karki
- Research Project Manager, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Perry
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Gene Cole
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Ramsahoi CE, Sonny SS, Monk JM. Exploring Barriers to Food Security Among Immigrants: A Critical Role for Public Health Nutrition. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:1-7. [PMID: 35014539 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2021-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upon moving to a new country and new food environment, 2 important public health issues may be experienced by immigrants as they adapt to their new country of residence, namely a higher prevalence of food insecurity and/or a decline in overall health over time postimmigration. Therefore, improving the food environment experienced by new migrants may be an effective strategy to reduce long-term health complications and improve well-being postimmigration. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential barriers experienced by new immigrants in the access, availability, and utilization of familiar culturally appropriate foods and the subsequent impact on their food security status. Culturally appropriate foods are foods commonly consumed as part of cultural food traditions and are often staples within the diet; however, limited availability of and/or access to these foods can reduce food security. By understanding the barriers to food security and challenges that may be faced by immigrants and refugees, dietitians will be better equipped to assist these individuals in accessing culturally familiar foods and improve quality of life. In this capacity, dietitians can play a critical public health nutrition role by serving as a conduit for new immigrants to access community resources and navigate a new food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Ramsahoi
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| | - Sasha S Sonny
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
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Baer RD, Holbrook E, Obure R, Mahoney D. Experiences and Effects of Food Insecurity Among Recently Resettled Refugees from the Congo Wars. ANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/napa.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hvass AMF, Norredam M, Sodemann M, Wejse C. Is there a need of health assessments for resettling refugees? A cross-sectional study of 1431 refugees who arrived in Denmark between 2014 and 2018. J Migr Health 2021; 3:100044. [PMID: 34405189 PMCID: PMC8352093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Health assessments of newly arrived refugees detected health problems in 64%. Symptoms of PTSD were mentioned in a third of all health assessments. Vitamin D-deficiency was seen in 32% and latent tuberculosis in 15%. 88% of all newly arrived refugees in Aarhus accepted the offer of a health assessment.
Background Refugees have increased health risks due to factors related to their country of origin, the migration itself and the receiving country. Based on systematic general health assessments of newly arrived refugees, we aimed to study the characteristics with regard to background, migration and health needs. Methods All refugees (children/adolescents and adults) arriving in Aarhus, Denmark from 1 January 2014 to 1 November 2018 were offered a general health assessment by a doctor including: medical history, a physical examination and blood samples. Results A cohort of 1431 (of 1618 invited, (88.4%) participants accepted the health assessment. The most commonly found health conditions in children were vitamin D deficiency (28.3%), elevated serum-IgE (34%) and lack of immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases (measles 20.1%, polio 3.9%). In adults, vitamin D deficiency (34.6%), IgE elevation (30%), latent tuberculosis (20.3%) and symptoms of PTSD (15.9%) were most prevalent. We found participants from Southern Asia (Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan) to be overrepresented with regard to vitamin D deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency and symptoms of PTSD. Furthermore, we found that origin in Africa was associated with latent tuberculosis. In total, 63.8% of examined refugees had one or more health problems requiring further testing, treatment or follow-up. Conclusions A comprehensive health assessment among recently arrived refugees showed multiple health issues to address, and demonstrates the need of systematic health assessments for resettling refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette F Hvass
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Social Medicine, Aarhus Municipality, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marie Norredam
- Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Section for Immigrant Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Morten Sodemann
- Migrant Health Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Bartolins Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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What factors are associated with food security among recently arrived refugees resettling in high-income countries? A scoping review. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4313-4327. [PMID: 34247694 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refugees are vulnerable to food insecurity (FI). This is attributable to a combination of inequitable social determinants and cultural differences. In 2019, 92 % of refugee resettlement (host country provides residency/citizenship) occurred in high-income countries, but little is known about the factors impacting their food security status in this setting. The review's objective was to therefore thematically identify factors affecting food security among refugees resettling in high-income countries. DESIGN This review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Between May-July 2020 and February 2021, peer-reviewed studies focused on FI, and published in English from 2000-2020, were searched on Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Informit, PsychArticles, Proquest and EmBase. SETTING Only studies set in high-income countries were included. PARTICIPANTS Fifty percent or more of study participants had to be refugees who had resettled within 5 years. RESULTS Twenty studies from six high-income countries were included. Culturally based food practices and priorities, confidence in navigating local foodways and transport, level of community connections and capabilities in local language and food preparation were key themes associated with food security. CONCLUSIONS Utilising the four themes of culture, confidence, community and capabilities, there is an opportunity to improve the cultural sensitivity of measurement tools, develop understanding of how community-based resources (such as social capital) can be leveraged as food security buffers and modify existing food security initiatives to better serve refugee needs.
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Sauter A, Kikhia S, von Sommoggy J, Loss J. Factors influencing the nutritional behavior of Syrian migrants in Germany - results of a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1334. [PMID: 34229649 PMCID: PMC8262055 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syrian migrants represent the third-largest group of foreigners in Germany and are therefore potential users of health promotion initiatives, including nutrition programs. It is little known how (healthy) nutrition is understood and implemented by this group and which factors influence their experiences related to food and eating in the host country. Thus, this study aimed to explore the importance of (healthy) nutrition, facilitators, and barriers of a preferred diet; nutritional changes in relation to the country of origin; and how nutrition may change with increasing length of stay. Methods Thirty semi-structured qualitative interviews with Syrian migrants (male = 16, female = 14, 18–35 years, length of stay 10–68 months) were conducted in 2018. Seventeen migrants could be followed-up after 12 months and were interviewed in 2019 again and were asked for changes in their nutritional behavior. Interviews were conducted in German, English, or Arabic, transcribed and translated into English if necessary. For analysis, an abbreviated version of the Grounded Theory was used. Results We identified six overarching themes that described influencing factors on a favored diet in Germany over the course of stay: (1) managing everyday life; (2) intercultural contact with local residents; (3) social context of cooking and eating; (4) ambiguity toward Arabic food; (5) mistrust toward certain types of food; and (6) influence of postmigration stressors. In general, the importance of nutrition is high among Syrian migrants. However, daily stressors, the lack of practical knowledge of how to cook favored dishes, and food insecurity in the new food environment make it difficult to obtain a preferred diet. With increasing stay, many developed a higher awareness of healthy eating, mainly due to a new independence or influences from the social environment in Germany. Conclusion Results highlight the need for health promotion interventions to be more responsive to the specific needs of Syrian migrants, including nutrition. Syrian migrants differ in their capabilities, needs, and aims, and they should be addressed differently by health professionals, social services or migrant specific services. Future research should continue to focus on the living conditions of Syrian migrants and its influence on nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sauter
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Salma Kikhia
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia von Sommoggy
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julika Loss
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Prasetyo YB, Dewi YS, Arifin H, Kamel AD. The Effect of Learning Module Program on Mothers’ Ability to Adapt to New Foods, Feeding Styles, and Self-efficacy to Their Children with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The education to improve a mother’s knowledge is deemed to be important because it may improve children’s nutritional status.
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of learning module program on the mothers’ ability to adapt to new foods, feeding styles, and self-efficacy to their children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
METHODS: Quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of learning module program. Fifteen mothers of experimental group were given four meetings within 4 weeks. Each meeting ran about 50 min. Fifteen mothers of control group were conducted home visit and received twice education about the health principals of feeding children. Both experimental group and control group had pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann–Whitney U-test.
RESULTS: The participants of the experimental group have shown bigger surge of new foods adaptation (t = –2.973, p < 0.003), feeding style (t = –4.646, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (t = –3.652, p = 0.001) than the control group has.
CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that the learning module program was deemed to be effective to improve mothers’ ability to adapt to new foods, feeding styles, and self-efficacy to their children with ARFID.
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Food Patterns among Chinese Immigrants Living in the South of Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030766. [PMID: 33652952 PMCID: PMC7996908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to explore the food patterns of Chinese immigrants living in Spain and to understand the factors associated with these behaviors. This qualitative ethnographic study included 133 Chinese immigrants; using interviews with scripts were based on the National Health Survey of Spain. Three categories were defined: “Differences between Chinese food and Western food”; “Products and dishes consumed by Chinese immigrants” and “Modification of eating habits”. Participants found a remarkable difference between eastern (i.e., vegetables and rice) and western (i.e., dairy, high-fat, bread) foods. They also experienced a change in their eating habits, mostly related to acculturation and lack of time. Chinese immigrants have different eating patterns as compared to the native population in Spain and this information could help in future healthcare strategies. Knowing the food culture could infer aspects, such as insertion or integration, and promoting health and well-being.
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Kumar GS, Beeler JA, Seagle EE, Jentes ES. Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:813-823. [PMID: 33515162 PMCID: PMC8233239 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008-2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S Kumar
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Jenna A Beeler
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Emma E Seagle
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Emily S Jentes
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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Alsubhi M, Goldthorpe J, Epton T, Khanom S, Peters S. What factors are associated with obesity-related health behaviours among child refugees following resettlement in developed countries? A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13058. [PMID: 32608177 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Refugee children are likely to become less active and eat more unhealthily after their resettlement in developed countries. This review aims to identify and synthesize research about factors that influence unhealthy behaviours related to obesity in this population. Six electronic databases were searched systematically to identify studies that sampled refugee children or parents of refugee children aged 2 to 16 years who have resettled in a developed country. Methodological and cultural study quality was assessed and factors associated with obesity-related health behaviours investigated. Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five major themes, representing factors influencing health behaviours, were identified from the data synthesis process: Acculturation, Environmental, Socioeconomic, Cognitive, and Family. The analysis revealed that refugee's health behaviours are influenced by several complex factors that are common to immigrant groups but have a greater influence among refugees. The review also revealed parental practices influence the health behaviours of children, especially those aged 2 to 10 years. Research is needed to understand further the role that parents have in influencing health behaviours and weight trajectories of children following resettlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alsubhi
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Goldthorpe
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sonia Khanom
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Knapp AP, Rehmus W, Chang AY. Skin diseases in displaced populations: a review of contributing factors, challenges, and approaches to care. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1299-1311. [PMID: 32686140 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There are 70.8 million persons displaced worldwide due to war, persecution, and violence. Eighty percent of displaced persons reside in low- and middle-income countries with limited healthcare resources. Cutaneous diseases are commonly reported among displaced persons owing to numerous interrelated factors such as inadequate housing, overcrowding, food insecurity, environmental exposures, violence including torture, and breakdown of healthcare infrastructure. Diagnosis and management of these conditions, as well as an understanding of the context in which they present, is crucial to providing dermatologic care for displaced populations worldwide. Herein, we define displaced populations and, within this context, review the epidemiology of skin diseases, discuss pertinent skin conditions, examine challenges to care provision, and present approaches for improving dermatologic care. Inflammatory and communicable infectious disorders are the most common skin diseases seen in displaced populations. Other relevant conditions include skin manifestations of heat injuries, cold injuries, immersion foot syndromes, macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies, torture, and sexual and gender-based violence. Provision of dermatologic care to displaced populations is hampered by limited diagnostic and therapeutic resources and specialist expertise. Medical screening for cutaneous disorders, context-relevant dermatology training, and telemedicine are potential tools to improve diagnosis and management of skin diseases in displaced populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia P Knapp
- Department of Dermatology, International Foundation for Dermatology Migrant Health Dermatology Working Group, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wingfield Rehmus
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aileen Y Chang
- Department of Dermatology, International Foundation for Dermatology Migrant Health Dermatology Working Group, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Collo A, Ferro A, Belci P, Cerutti F, Rabbone I, Ignaccolo MG, Carletto G, Vallini C, Cadario F, Savastio S, Carrera D, Gruden G, Siliquini R, Traversi D, Durazzo M. Nutritional behavior in Italian and immigrant children. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:481-487. [PMID: 31840968 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.19.05654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 1.2 million of immigrant children living in Italy. However, data on their nutritional habits are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional profile in a cohort of both Italian and immigrant children. METHODS The study included 86 children aged 5-15 consecutively enrolled from January 2016 to May 2017 within a larger epidemiological study on determinants of diabetes. Immigrant state was defined on the basis of the parent origin. Data on nutritional profile, frequency of food group consumption, and eating habits were collected using the 24-hour dietary recall method and a questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters were measured. RESULTS In the cohort of immigrant children there was a higher prevalence of both overweight (27.3 vs. 14.1%) and obesity (18.2 vs. 3.1%) subjects and a greater total calorie intake compared to Italian children, mainly due to excess simple carbohydrate intake. Immigrant children had a higher consumption of sweets, snacks, and drinks with added sugar. Moreover, unhealthy habits, such as eating alone and eating while watching TV, were more frequent among immigrant children. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, immigrant children had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity possibly due to less healthy nutritional habits. Culturally-tailored nutritional interventions may help preventing the development of obesity-related diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Collo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Ferro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Belci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cerutti
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria G Ignaccolo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Carletto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Vallini
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cadario
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastio
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Deborah Carrera
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Deborah Traversi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
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Guerra JVV, Alves VH, Rachedi L, Pereira AV, Branco MBLR, Santos MVD, Schveitzer MC, Carvalho BF. Forced international migration for refugee food: a scoping review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:4499-4508. [PMID: 31778500 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182412.23382019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent crisis and conflicts in African countries, the Middle East and the Americas have led to forced population migration and rekindled concern about food security. This article aims to map in the scientific literature the implications of forced migration on food and nutrition of refugees. Scoping Review, and database search: databases: PubMed Central, LILACS, SciElo, Science Direct and MEDLINE. Languages used in the survey were: English, Portuguese and Spanish, with publication year from 2013 to 2018. 173 articles were obtained and after removing of duplicates and full reading, 26 articles were selected and submitted to critical reading by two reviewers, resulting in 18 articles selected. From the analysis of the resulting articles, the following categories emerged: Food Inequity; Cultural Adaptation and Nutrition; Emerging Diseases and Strategies for the Promotion of Nutritional Health. Food insecurity is a marked consequence of forced international migration, and constitutes an emerging global public health problem, since concomitant with increasing population displacements also widens the range of chronic and nutritional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vidal Vieira Guerra
- Programa Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, 6º andar. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil.
| | - Valdecyr Herdy Alves
- Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói RJ Brasil
| | - Lilyane Rachedi
- Escola de Serviço Social, l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Centre Ville Quèbec Montréal Canada
| | - Audrey Vidal Pereira
- Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói RJ Brasil
| | - Maria Bertilla L Riker Branco
- Programa Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, 6º andar. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil.
| | - Márcia Vieira Dos Santos
- Programa Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora Afonso Costa, Universidade Federal Fluminense. R. Dr. Celestino 74, 6º andar. 24020-091 Niterói RJ Brasil.
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Obeng-Gyasi E, Antwi G, Obeng C. "Food is Environmentally and Culturally Specific!": A Preliminary Qualitative Study on U.S. Immigrant Parents' Perceptions of School Lunch. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2019; 10:240-249. [PMID: 34542482 PMCID: PMC8314214 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children spend most of their day hours in school, so the dietary choices they make during school days are important for their childhood development and later life. This research examined food choices among immigrant families with school-age children in Indiana, USA. Open-ended questions were answered by 52 immigrant parents in 2017. Parents who answered the questions had children in classes ranging from kindergarten to grade 12. NVivo 11 was used for the initial analysis of the dataset, and several themes were identified. After the initial analysis, the data were categorized into major themes to condense the themes. Thirty-eight (73%) of the respondents indicated that their children ate school lunch, 14 (27%) indicated that they prepared lunch for their children to eat at school, and 39 (75%), mostly from non-industrialized countries, indicated that their children ate their home-country staple foods for dinner and on non-school days. Parents indicated that schools are serving the needs of immigrant children by serving varieties of foods during lunchtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Godfred Antwi
- Department of Public Health and Health Education, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420, USA;
| | - Cecilia Obeng
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-812-856-0502
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Henjum S, Caswell BL, Terragni L. "I Feel like I'm Eating Rice 24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week": Dietary Diversity among Asylum Seekers Living in Norway. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2293. [PMID: 31561439 PMCID: PMC6835806 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is widespread among asylum seekers resettled in Western countries. Limited information exists on the quality of food intake in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary quality among asylum seekers living in Norwegian reception centers. This study has a cross-sectional research design. Dietary intake was assessed through a qualitative 24-hour dietary recall, and the dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated. This study was conducted in eight Norwegian reception centers. A total of 205 adult asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) participated in the study. The asylum seekers ate on average two meals per day, and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Mean (SD) DDS was 4.0 (1.6) and 2/3 had low dietary diversity, eating from fewer than five food groups. Women had a significantly higher mean DDS (4.5) than men (3.8) (β (95% CI): 0.47 (0.00, 0.95) and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. The longer the period of residence in Norway, the higher the DDS, β (95% CI): 0.01 (0.00, 0.02). The asylum seekers' inadequate dietary intake reveals new forms of poverty and social exclusion in Europe. An inadequate dietary intake may increase the magnitude of difficulty involved in the settlement process and contribute to poorer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bess L Caswell
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Vasudevan V, Vang PD, Fernandez-Baca D. An exploration of healthy eating and physical activity habits of Hmong high-school students by disability status: A pilot study. Disabil Health J 2019; 12:694-698. [PMID: 31257033 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants are at risk of being obese from obesogenic environments and face factors which limit physical activity and healthy eating. While Hmong immigrants acknowledge the importance of healthy eating and physical activity, to our knowledge no studies have looked at health promoting behaviors among Hmong adolescents with and without disabilities. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we seek to provide baseline data about physical activity and healthy eating among Hmong high school students with disabilities in Minnesota. METHODS We used data from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. The study included responses from 1,824 Hmong high school students. We compared physical activity and healthy eating of Hmong high school students by disability status. RESULTS Approximately 13% of Hmong had a disability (n = 239). A greater percentage of Hmong high school students with disabilities reported zero days of 60 min of physical activity (20.5% vs 14.8%, p < 0.10) and zero days participation in sports teams outside of school (69.0% vs. 64.3%, p < 0.10). Compared to Hmong students without disabilities, a significantly lower percentage of Hmong students with disabilities reported not receiving free/reduced lunch (66.5% vs 73.1%, p < 0.05) and significantly more likely to skip meals because their family did not have enough money (14.2% vs 9.7%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Adolescent Hmong with disabilities encounter both cultural and disability specific factors which could contribute to poorer health promoting behaviors. This study shines light on the need for social policy that promotes disability inclusive, culturally specific health promotion information and advocacy for immigrant youth with disabilities and their families in schools and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Vasudevan
- Autism Speaks, 1060 State Rd., 2nd Floor, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Pa Der Vang
- St. Catherine University, Department of Social Work, 2004 Randolph Ave #F-15, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Baca
- Center for Health Statistics, Minnesota Department of Health, PO Box 64882, St. Paul, MN, 55164, USA
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Mulugeta W, Xue H, Glick M, Min J, Noe MF, Wang Y. Burden of Mental Illness and Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors for Mental Illness Among Refugees in Buffalo, NY, 2004-2014. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:56-63. [PMID: 29785707 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited is known about mental illness and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors among refugees. These were studied using data collected from a refugee population in Buffalo, NY. METHODS Longitudinal data collected on 1055 adults (> 18 years) at a large refugee health center in Buffalo, NY, during 2004-2014 were used. Main outcomes were hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, overweight/obesity, and mental illness. Risk factors were assessed using multivariate regression models. RESULTS Compared to those without mental illness, refugees with mental illness had higher rates of hypertension (16.9 vs 28.4%, P < 0.001), diabetes (8.4 vs 13.6%, P = 0.03), tobacco use (9.3 vs 18.3%, P < 0.001), obesity (13.0 vs 25.4%, P < 0.001), and overweight/obesity rates (45.0 vs 61.5%, P < 0.001). During 2004-2014, obesity rates increased among those with mental illness (25.4 to 36.7%, P < 0.001) and without mental illness (13.0 to 24.5%, P < 0.001). The overall mental illness prevalence among refugees was 16%, ranging from 6.9% among Asians to 43.9% among Cubans. Women were more likely to have mental illness (odds ratio = 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-3.58) than men. Refugees who lived longer in the USA were more likely to carry psychiatric diagnoses (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04-1.21). CONCLUSION Mental illness rates varied considerably across various refugee groups. Rates of obesity and NCDs among refugees with mental illness were higher than among those without mental disorders. Gender, region of origin, and length of stay in the USA were associated with mental illness. Accurate and culturally sensitive screenings and assessments of mental illness are needed to reduce these health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudeneh Mulugeta
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, 454 Broadway, Revere, MA, 02151, USA.
| | - Hong Xue
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Myron Glick
- Jericho Road Community Health Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Michael F Noe
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Hirani K, Cherian S, Mutch R, Payne DN. Identification of health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:240-246. [PMID: 29066524 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent refugees encounter traumatic stressors and are at risk of developing psychosocial health problems; limited research data exist internationally. This study aims to identify health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia and assess the feasibility of using a standardised adolescent health questionnaire for this purpose. DESIGN Refugees aged 12 years and above attending a tertiary Refugee Health Service (RHS) were recruited over 12 months. Sociodemographic data were collected. Psychosocial assessments based on the 'Home, Education/Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide/mental health' (HEADSS) framework were undertaken utilising interpreters where required. Health concerns identified were managed through the RHS. RESULTS A total of 122 adolescents (20 ethnicities) participated; 65% required interpreters. Median age (range) was 14 (12-17) years. Most (80%) had nuclear family separation. Almost half (49%) had a deceased/missing family member. A third (37%) had lived in refugee camps and 20% had experienced closed detention. The median time (range) since arrival in Australia was 11 (2-86) months. Every adolescent had at least one health concern identified during the psychosocial assessment. Frequency of health concerns identified in each domain were 87% for home, 66% for education, 23% for eating, 93% for activities, 5% for drugs, 88% for sexuality and 61% for suicide/mental health. Most adolescents (75%) required intervention, consisting of counselling for health risk behaviours and/or referral to health or community services. CONCLUSION It is feasible to use a standardised adolescent health questionnaire to identify health risk behaviours among a cohort of ethnically diverse adolescent refugees. Use of the questionnaire identified a large burden of psychosocial health issues requiring multidisciplinary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hirani
- Department of Adolescent Medicine and Eating Disorders, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Department of General Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Refugee Health Service, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Department of General Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Refugee Health Service, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Donald N Payne
- Department of Adolescent Medicine and Eating Disorders, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia
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What Are the Nutrition Education Needs of Refugees: Assessment of Food Choices, Shopping and Spending Practices of South-Asian Refugees in the USA. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-018-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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McCrory MA, Jaret CL, Kim JH, Reitzes DC. Dietary Patterns among Vietnamese and Hispanic Immigrant Elementary School Children Participating in an After School Program. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050460. [PMID: 28475160 PMCID: PMC5452190 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immigrants in the U.S. may encounter challenges of acculturation, including dietary habits, as they adapt to new surroundings. We examined Vietnamese and Hispanic immigrant children’s American food consumption patterns in a convenience sample of 63 Vietnamese and Hispanic children in grades four to six who were attending an after school program. Children indicated the number of times they consumed each of 54 different American foods in the past week using a food frequency questionnaire. We ranked each food according to frequency of consumption, compared the intake of foods to the USDA Healthy Eating Pattern, and performed dietary pattern analysis. Since the data were not normally distributed we used two nonparametric tests to evaluate statistical significance: the Kruskal–Wallis tested for significant gender and ethnicity differences and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluated the food consumption of children compared with the USDA recommended amounts. We found that among USDA categories, discretionary food was most commonly consumed, followed by fruit. The sample as a whole ate significantly less than the recommended amount of grains, protein foods, and dairy, but met the recommended amount of fruit. Boys ate significantly more grains, proteins, and fruits than did girls. Dietary pattern analysis showed a very high sweet snack consumption among all children, while boys ate more fast food and fruit than girls. Foods most commonly consumed were cereal, apples, oranges, and yogurt. Ethnicity differences in food selection were not significant. The high intake of discretionary/snack foods and fruit, with low intake of grains, vegetables, protein, and dairy in our sample suggests Vietnamese and Hispanic immigrant children may benefit from programs to improve diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A McCrory
- Department of Health Sciences, Programs in Nutrition, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Charles L Jaret
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
| | - Donald C Reitzes
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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