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Almasi S, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Rezvani MR, Ramezani M, Salehi I, Pegah A, Komaki A. The protective effect of biotin supplementation and swimming training on cognitive impairment and mental symptoms in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32299. [PMID: 39035497 PMCID: PMC11259780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B (Vit B) plays a regulatory role in cognitive memory and learning. We examined the biochemical and behavioral effects of biotin supplementation (BS) and swimming training (ST) on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, in male rats. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to six groups: control, sham (receiving phosphate-buffered saline), AD (receiving a single injection of Aβ into the lateral ventricle), ST (for 28 days and before Aβ injection), and BS (receiving BS through oral gavage for 28 days before Aβ injection). The treatments were continued until the end of the behavioral tests. Learning and memory functions were investigated through the Morris water maze (MWM) and depression and anxiety-like behaviors were tested by elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced swimming tests. In addition, oxidative stress biomarkers, such as total thiol groups (TTG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were assessed and histological studies were performed using brain tissues. In the AD group, Aβ increased the distance traveled and escape latency in the MWM, but co-administration of BS and ST attenuated the results of the MWM, EPM, and FST tests. Furthermore, BS decreased the litigious biochemical effects of Aβ by enhancing the levels of TTG, in addition to reducing serum MDA levels. The use of BS as a potent antioxidant improved Aβ-induced memory impairment. It attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain (number of Aβ plaques) and serum of AD rats. We provide evidence for the use of BS in neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD, to elucidate the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Almasi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rezvani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ramezani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Pegah
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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2
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Sun M, Chen Z, Li G, Weng Y, Hou Y. Correlation between risk factors of cognitive dysfunction and blood pressure variability after acute ischemic stroke in northwest Shanghai. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38652638 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2347558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Abstract:Objective: To explore the relationship between risk factors of cognitive dysfunction and blood pressure variability after acute ischemic stroke in northwest Shanghai to establish a model for early identification of high-risk groups of cognitive dysfunction and formulation of more targeted prevention and treatment measures. Methods: Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between blood pressure variability and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in patients with acute ischemic stroke and the partial regression coefficient model was constructed based on the above independent risk factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was described to analyze the relevant independent risk factors. Results: ROC curve analysis results showed that the clinical prediction model was significantly more effective than a single factor in predicting the risk of cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke in northwest Shanghai(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke was closely related to high Homocysteine (Hcy) levels, high standard deviation of systolic blood pressure, previous infarction history and infarction of cognitive function area in northwest Shanghai. The prediction model based on the above factors showed satisfactory value in predicting of cognitive dysfunction risk after acute ischemic stroke and there was also the correlation between cognitive function and blood pressure variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Shanghai Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Shanghai Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Shanghai Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yingfeng Weng
- Shanghai Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yangbo Hou
- Shanghai Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Ma J, Chen H, Zou C, Yang G. Association evaluations of oral anticoagulants with dementia risk based on genomic and real-world data. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110929. [PMID: 38154516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have suggested that oral anticoagulants (OACs) might reduce the risk of dementia in the elderly, but the evidence is inconclusive. And the consistency of this relationship across different OAC classes and dementia subtypes is still uncertain. METHODS To comprehensively evaluate this association, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) combined with pharmacovigilance analysis. MR was used to assess the associations between genetic proxies for three target genes of OACs (VKORC1, F2, and F10) and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). This genetic analysis was supplemented with real-world pharmacovigilance data, employing disproportionality analysis for more reliable causal inference. RESULTS Increased expression of the VKORC1 gene was strongly associated with increased risk of dementia, especially for AD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.14-1.43; p value < 0.001). Based on pharmacovigilance data, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs, inhibitors targeting VKORC1) exhibited a protective effect against dementia risk (ROR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.28-0.67). Additional sensitivity analyses, including different MR models and cohorts, supported these results. Conversely, no strong causal associations of genetically proxied F2 and F10 target genes with dementia and its subtypes were found. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the inhibition of genetically proxied VKORC1 expression or VKAs exposure is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's dementia. However, there is little evidence to support similar associations with direct oral anticoagulants (F2 inhibitors and F10 inhibitors). Further research is warranted to clinically validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Ma
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Zou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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4
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Vitamin B 12-folic acid supplementation improves memory by altering mitochondrial dynamics, dendritic arborization, and neurodegeneration in old and amnesic male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109536. [PMID: 37981108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment during aging and amnesia is attributed to compromised mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and other mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Mitochondrial dynamics involves the continuous process of fission and fusion of mitochondria within a cell and is a fundamental mechanism for regulating mitochondrial quality and function. An extensive range of potential nutritional supplements has been shown to improve mitochondrial health, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive functions. Previous findings revealed that supplementation of vitamin B12-folic acid reduces locomotor deficits and mitochondrial abnormalities but enhances mitochondrial and neuronal health. The present study aims to explore the impact of combined vitamin B12-folic acid supplementation on mitochondrial dynamics, neuronal health, and memory decline in old age and scopolamine-induced amnesia, which remains elusive. The results demonstrated that supplementation led to a noteworthy increase in recognition and spatial memory and expression of memory-related protein BDNF in old and amnesic mice. Moreover, the decrease in the fragmented mitochondrial number was validated by the downregulation of mitochondrial fission p-Drp1 (S616) protein and the increase in elongated mitochondria by the upregulation of mitochondrial fusion Mfn2 protein. The increased spine density and dendritic arborization in old and amnesic mice upon supplementation were confirmed by the enhanced expression level of PSD95 and synaptophysin. Furthermore, supplementation reduced ROS production, inhibited Caspase-3 activation, mitigated neurodegeneration, and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, Vdac1 expression, myelination, in old and amnesic mice. Collectively, our findings imply that combined supplementation of vitamin B12-folic acid improves mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal health, and leads to recovery of memory during old age and amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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5
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Zhao R, Han X, Jiang S, Zhao W, Liu J, Zhang H, Mao X, Zhang M, Lei L, You H. Association of Dietary and Supplement Intake of Antioxidants with Risk of Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S35-S50. [PMID: 36846999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with cognitive decline due to multiple factors. With the arrival of the aging population, the incidence of dementia has gradually increased. There is still no effective treatment for dementia, and therefore, the prevention of dementia has become crucial. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the pathogenesis of dementia; therefore, antioxidant therapy and prevention of dementia have been gradually proposed. Objective Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of antioxidants with risk of dementia. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles on antioxidants associated with dementia risk, and those containing cohort studies with high-dose versus low-dose controls were included in our meta-analysis. The resulting risk ratios (RR) and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were statistically analyzed using Stata12.0 free software. Results A total of 17 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Of 98,264 participants, 7,425 had dementia after 3-23 years of follow-up. The results of the meta-analysis showed a trend towards a lower incidence of dementia with high intake of antioxidants (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-1.19 I2 = 54.6%), but this was not statistically significant. High antioxidant intake significantly reduced the incidence of Alzheimer 's disease (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.92 I2 = 45.5%), and we additionally carried out subgroup analyses by nutrient type, diet or supplement, region, and study quality score. Conclusion Dietary intake of antioxidants or supplements reduces both the risk of dementia and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyin Zhao
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Han
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Shangrong Jiang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Mao
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Lei
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Hong You
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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6
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Vo HVT, Nguyen YT, Kim N, Lee HJ. Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17038. [PMID: 38069361 PMCID: PMC10707015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these vitamins is imperative to the upkeep of various physiological processes including vision, bone health, immunity, and protection against oxidative stress. Current research highlights fat-soluble vitamins as potential therapeutics for human diseases, especially cancer. Fat-soluble vitamins exert their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including regulation of matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression and enzymatic activity. As MMPs have been reported to be involved in the pathology of various diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, regulating the expression and/or activity of MMPs could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy. Here, we summarize the properties of fat-soluble vitamins and their potential as promising candidates capable of effectively modulating MMPs through multiple pathways to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Vy Thi Vo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Namdoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
- Kongju National University Institute of Science Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
- Kongju National University’s Physical Fitness for Health Research Lab (KNUPFHR), Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
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7
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Andrade V, Wong-Guerra M, Cortés N, Pastor G, González A, Calfío C, Guzmán-Martínez L, Navarrete LP, Ramos-Escobar N, Morales I, Santander R, Andrades-Lagos J, Bacho M, Rojo LE, Maccioni RB. Scaling the Andean Shilajit: A Novel Neuroprotective Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:960. [PMID: 37513872 PMCID: PMC10383824 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder without a cure, despite the enormous number of investigations and therapeutic approaches. AD is a consequence of microglial responses to "damage signals", such as aggregated tau oligomers, which trigger a neuro-inflammatory reaction, promoting the misfolding of cytoskeleton structure. Since AD is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly (>60 years old), new treatments are essential to improve the well-being of affected subjects. The pharmaceutical industry has not developed new drugs with efficacy for controlling AD. In this context, major attention has been given to nutraceuticals and novel bioactive compounds, such as molecules from the Andean Shilajit (AnSh), obtained from the Andes of Chile. Primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons and mouse neuroblastoma cells were evaluated to examine the functional and neuroprotective role of different AnSh fractions. Our findings show that AnSh fractions increase the number and length of neuronal processes at a differential dose. All fractions were viable in neurons. The AnSh fractions inhibit tau self-aggregation after 10 days of treatment. Finally, we identified two candidate molecules in M3 fractions assayed by UPLC/MS. Our research points to a novel AnSh-derived fraction that is helpful in AD. Intensive work toward elucidation of the molecular mechanisms is being carried out. AnSh is an alternative for AD treatment or as a coadjuvant for an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Andrade
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maylin Wong-Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Nicole Cortés
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Gabriela Pastor
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Camila Calfío
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Leonardo P Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Biochemistry School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Andres Bello University, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Nicolas Ramos-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Inelia Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Rocío Santander
- Laboratory of Kinetics and Photochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Juan Andrades-Lagos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Mitchell Bacho
- Organic and Organometallic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Andrés Bello University, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Laboratory of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Ricardo Benjamín Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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8
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Pereira QC, dos Santos TW, Fortunato IM, Ribeiro ML. The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065508. [PMID: 36982583 PMCID: PMC10049696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized mainly by a decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in an increased risk of mortality. This process involves several changes, described as hallmarks of ageing, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell depletion, and altered intracellular communication. The determining role that environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle play on health, life expectancy, and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is wellestablished. In view of the growing interest in the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in the prevention of chronic diseases, several studies have been conducted, and they strongly suggest that the intake of dietary polyphenols may bring numerous benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their intake has been associated with impaired ageing in humans. Polyphenol intake has been shown to be effective in ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, among other features, which contribute to an increased risk of ageing-associated diseases. This review aims to address, in a general way, the main findings described in the literature about the benefits of polyphenols in each of the hallmarks of ageing, as well as the main regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed antiageing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Joshi P, Chia S, Yang X, Perni M, Gabriel JM, Gilmer M, Limbocker R, Habchi J, Vendruscolo M. Combinations of Vitamin A and Vitamin E Metabolites Confer Resilience against Amyloid-β Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:657-666. [PMID: 36728544 PMCID: PMC9936541 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence in the brain of amyloid plaques formed by the aberrant deposition of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Since many vitamins are dysregulated in this disease, we explored whether these molecules contribute to the protein homeostasis system by modulating Aβ aggregation. By screening 18 fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamin metabolites, we found that retinoic acid and α-tocopherol, two metabolites of vitamin A and vitamin E, respectively, affect Aβ aggregation both in vitro and in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Aβ toxicity. We then show that the effects of these two vitamin metabolites in specific combinations cancel each other out, consistent with the "resilience in complexity" hypothesis, according to which the complex composition of the cellular environment could have an overall protective role against protein aggregation through the simultaneous presence of aggregation promoters and inhibitors. Taken together, these results indicate that vitamins can be added to the list of components of the protein homeostasis system that regulate protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,The
California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Nutritional
Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States,
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michele Perni
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Justus M. Gabriel
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, United States
Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Marshall Gilmer
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, United States
Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, United States
Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Johnny Habchi
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,
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10
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Wan Z, Zheng J, Zhu Z, Sang L, Zhu J, Luo S, Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Hao K, Chen L, Du J, Kan J, He H. Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031502. [PMID: 36583209 PMCID: PMC9792504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B consists of a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part of human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin B with the host. The interplay between gut microbiota and the host might be a crucial factor affecting the absorbing processes of vitamin B. On the other hand, vitamin B supplementation or deficiency might impact the growth of specific bacteria, resulting in changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota. Together, the interplay between vitamin B and gut microbiota might systemically contribute to human health. In this review, we summarized the interactions between vitamin B and gut microbiota and tried to reveal the underlying mechanism so that we can have a better understanding of its role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Lan Sang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizheng Luo
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicui Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Juntao Kan,
| | - Hua He
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Hua He,
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11
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Mustafa Khalid N, Haron H, Shahar S, Fenech M. Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15722. [PMID: 36497797 PMCID: PMC9736259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is thought to play an important role in the cause of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. The purpose of this scoping review was to map current evidence on the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults. The scoping review was conducted based on the 2005 methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley. The search strategy for potential literature on micronutrient concentration in blood and cognitive frailty was retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Science Direct) from January 2010 to December 2021. Gray literature was also included in the searches. A total of 4310 articles were retrieved and 43 articles were incorporated in the review. Findings revealed a trend of significant association between low levels of B vitamins (folate and vitamin B12), vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, omega 3 fatty acid, and albumin, and high homocysteine levels in blood with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults. The results also indicated that low vitamin D levels, albumin, and antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) in blood were significantly associated with frailty among older adults, while β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in blood were inversely associated with the risk of cognitive frailty. Vitamin D and antioxidants seemed to be targeted nutrients for the prevention of cognitive frailty. In conclusion, a wide range of micronutrient deficiency was associated with either mild cognitive impairment or frailty; however, little evidence exists on the dual impairment, i.e., cognitive frailty. This scoping review can serve as preliminary evidence for the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults and prove the relevancy of the topic for future systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Mustafa Khalid
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Haron
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia
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One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173535. [PMID: 36079793 PMCID: PMC9459953 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence supporting an association between folate and vitamin B12 exposure with cognitive outcomes. We examined serum folate and vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine in 690 cognitively-normal adults (aged ≥ 55) from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS-2) followed-up over 4.5 years on incident neurocognitive disorder (NCD): mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. At follow-up, 5.7% (39) of participants developed NCD (34 MCI and 5 dementia). Comparing with those who remained cognitively-normal, participants progressed to NCD had significantly lower mean baseline vitamin B12 (420 [SD ± 221] vs. 510 [SD ± 290] pmol/L, p = 0.026), higher homocysteine (14.6 [SD ± 4.2] vs. 12.9 [SD ± 4.3], p = 0.018) and lower one-carbon index (Z-scores: −0.444 [SD ± 0.819] vs. −0.001 [SD ± 0.990], p = 0.006). Adjusted for confounders, significant associations with incident NCD were found for lower vitamin B12 (per-SD OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.26–3.52), higher homocysteine (per-SD OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.18–3.24) and lower one-carbon index (per-SD OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.06–2.64). Folate was not significantly associated with progression to NCD. Notably, low B12 in the presence of high folate was significantly associated with incident NCD (adjusted OR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.04–13.9). Low B12, high homocysteine, low B12 in the presence of high folate, and a one-carbon index of hypo-methylation were independently associated with progression to NCD among cognitively normal.
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Pereira ME, Souza JV, Galiciolli MEA, Sare F, Vieira GS, Kruk IL, Oliveira CS. Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153205. [PMID: 35956381 PMCID: PMC9370215 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of oxidative stress could cause and aggravate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Selenium (Se) is a trace element with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with neuroprotective effects. To evaluate the effects of Se supplementation in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a systematic review and meta-analysis, data were searched and collected from four electronic databases, including clinical trial studies published until December 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed by RevMan, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Rob 2 tool. A total of 1350 scientific papers were collected, and following evaluation 11 papers were included in the systematic review and 6 of these were used in the meta-analysis. Studies that evaluated only Se supplementation observed an improvement in Se levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, and in some cognitive tests in MCI patients; similarly, improvement in Se levels and mini-mental score was also observed in AD patients. Regarding supplementation of Se plus other nutrients, improvement in cognitive tests was observed in both AD and MCI patients. Therefore, Se supplementation is a good alternative for patients with AD and MCI for improving Se levels and GPX activity. More detailed studies are required to further evaluate the effects of Se on the cognitive deficit and oxidative stress associated with AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meire Ellen Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eduarda Andrade Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sare
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | | | - Isabeli Lopes Kruk
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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14
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Spencer P, Okot C, Palmer V, Valdes Angues R, Mazumder R. Nodding syndrome: A key role for sources of nutrition? eNeurologicalSci 2022; 27:100401. [PMID: 35480298 PMCID: PMC9035392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodding Syndrome (NS) has occurred among severely food-stressed communities in northern Uganda and several other East African populations that, with their forced physical displacement, have resorted to nutritional support from available wild plants and fungi, some of which have neurotoxic potential. Among the latter is an agaric mushroom with an unknown content of hydrazine-generating agaritine, namely Agaricus bingensis, the unusually wide consumption of which may relate to the low serum levels of vitamin B6 in Ugandan NS subjects relative to controls. Hydrazine-related compounds induce patterns of DNA damage that promote neuropathological changes (tauopathy) reminiscent of those associated with established NS. While the cause of this childhood brain disease is unknown, we encourage increased attention to the role of malnutrition and B6 hypovitaminosis in the etiology of this devastating brain disease. Idiopathic epileptic encephalopathy with tauopathy (Nodding syndrome) impacts East African children Associated factors include nematode infection, food insecurity, and food use of wild plants and fungi Food use of hydrazinic fungi induces B6 hypovitaminosis, which may be marked in Nodding syndrome Vitamin B6 deficiency promotes tau phosphorylation in mouse models of human tauopathy Hydrazine generates carbon free radicals associated with DNA-damage and neurodegenerative disease Increased research attention to nutritional practices associated with Nodding syndrome is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Corresponding author at: Oregon Health & Science University (Neurology), S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | | | - V.S. Palmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R. Valdes Angues
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R. Mazumder
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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Militao EMA, Salvador EM, Uthman OA, Vinberg S, Macassa G. Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes Other than Malnutrition in Southern Africa: A Descriptive Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5082. [PMID: 35564477 PMCID: PMC9100282 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI) is one of the major causes of malnutrition and is associated with a range of negative health outcomes in low and middle-income countries. The burden of FI in southern Africa is unknown, although FI continues to be a major public health problem across sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. Therefore, this review sought to identify empirical studies that related FI to health outcomes among adults in southern Africa. Altogether, 14 publications using diverse measures of FI were reviewed. The majority of the studies measured FI using modified versions of the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. A wide range in prevalence and severity of FI was reported (18-91%), depending on the measurement tool and population under investigation. Furthermore, FI was mostly associated with hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, depression and increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Based on the findings, future research is needed, especially in countries with as yet no empirical studies on the subject, to identify and standardize measures of FI suitable for the southern African context and to inform public health policies and appropriate interventions aiming to alleviate FI and potentially improve health outcomes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M A Militao
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbacksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, 3453 Julius Nyerere Avenue, Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Elsa M Salvador
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, 3453 Julius Nyerere Avenue, Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Olalekan A Uthman
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Gloria Macassa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbacksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
- EPI Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Srivastava S, Muhammad T. Rural-urban differences in food insecurity and associated cognitive impairment among older adults: findings from a nationally representative survey. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:287. [PMID: 35387591 PMCID: PMC8985064 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Due to rapid urbanization, Covid-19 pandemic and increasing food prices, a higher rate of food insecurity has been observed in recent years in India. Thus, we aim to study the prevalence of food insecurity among older Indian adults and the association of food insecurity as a modifiable risk factor with late-life cognitive impairment. Method Data for this study were obtained from the recent release of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–18). The total sample size for the study was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Cognitive functioning was measured through five broad domains (memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming) adapted from the cognitive module of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Descriptive statistics along with cross-tabulation were presented in the study. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives of the study. Results It was found that 7.7% of older adults in rural areas reduced their size of meals due to unavailability (urban, 3.2%), 41.2% of them did not eat enough food of their choice (urban, 38.3%), 6.9% were hungry but did not eat food (urban, 2.6%), 5.0% did not eat for whole day (urban, 2.2%), and 6.9% lost weight due to lack of food in their household (urban, 2.9%). It was found that older adults who did not have enough food of their choice had significantly higher odds [AOR: 1.24; CI: 1.14, 1.35] of suffering from cognitive impairment in reference to their counterparts. Similarly, the older adults who were hungry but did not eat were 30% [AOR: 1.30; CI: 1.02, 1.73] more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment in reference to their counterparts. Interaction model revealed that older adults who had food insecurity in rural areas had higher odds of cognitive impairment than older adults who had food insecurity in urban areas. Conclusion The findings of the study highlight that the food security status in older adults may bring about greater challenges due to their limited economic resources. Interventions focusing on food security may have unintended positive impacts on late-life mental wellbeing as the older age is associated with higher cognitive deficits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02984-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Srivastava
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India.
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17
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Long-term association of vegetable and fruit intake with risk of dementia in Japanese older adults: the Hisayama study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 35351024 PMCID: PMC8962464 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several prospective Western studies have reported an inverse association of vegetable and fruit intake with dementia risk. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence in Asians. This study investigated the association of intakes of vegetables, fruits, and their nutrients on the risk of incident dementia and its subtypes in a Japanese community.
Methods
A total of 1071 participants (452 men and 619 women) aged ≥60 years without dementia at baseline were prospectively followed up for 24 years. Intakes of vegetables, fruits, and nutrients were evaluated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and were categorized into quartiles separately by gender. The outcome measure was the development of dementia and its subtypes—namely, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The risk estimates of incident dementia were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
During the long-term follow-up period, 464 subjects developed dementia, of whom 286 had AD and 144 had VaD. Higher vegetable intake was associated gradually with lower risk of developing dementia and AD (both P-trend < 0.05), but not VaD, after adjusting for confounders. Subjects allocated the highest quartile of vegetable intake had 27 and 31% lower risk of dementia and AD, respectively, than those with the lowest quartile. The risk of dementia decreased significantly with higher intakes of vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, and potassium (all P-trend < 0.05). Subjects with higher total dietary fiber intake tended to be at decreased risk for total dementia (P-trend = 0.07). Meanwhile, there were no significant associations between fruit intake and the risk of dementia and its subtypes.
Conclusion
Higher intakes of vegetables and their constituent nutrients were associated with a lower risk of dementia in Japanese older adults. A diet rich in vegetables may be beneficial in reducing the dementia risk in Asians.
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Zhang H, Li L, Li H, Qu P, Xiao M, Zhang G, Wu S, Zhu G, Lu X. Corn Embryo Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction and Anxiety-like Behaviors in D-galactose-induced Aging Rats via Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Up-regulating Neurotrophic Factors. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 121:102088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
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Bayraktar A, Lam S, Altay O, Li X, Yuan M, Zhang C, Arif M, Turkez H, Uhlén M, Shoaie S, Mardinoglu A. Revealing the Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11556. [PMID: 34768988 PMCID: PMC8584243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) emphasises the need for comprehensive modelling of the disease, which may lead to the development of efficient treatment strategies. To address this challenge, we analysed transcriptome data of post-mortem human brain samples of healthy elders and individuals with late-onset AD from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) and Mayo Clinic (MayoRNAseq) studies in the AMP-AD consortium. In this context, we conducted several bioinformatics and systems medicine analyses including the construction of AD-specific co-expression networks and genome-scale metabolic modelling of the brain in AD patients to identify key genes, metabolites and pathways involved in the progression of AD. We identified AMIGO1 and GRPRASP2 as examples of commonly altered marker genes in AD patients. Moreover, we found alterations in energy metabolism, represented by reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity, as well as the depletion of hexanoyl-CoA, pentanoyl-CoA, (2E)-hexenoyl-CoA and numerous other unsaturated fatty acids in the brain. We also observed that neuroprotective metabolites (e.g., vitamins, retinoids and unsaturated fatty acids) tend to be depleted in the AD brain, while neurotoxic metabolites (e.g., β-alanine, bilirubin) were more abundant. In summary, we systematically revealed the key genes and pathways related to the progression of AD, gained insight into the crucial mechanisms of AD and identified some possible targets that could be used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulahad Bayraktar
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.B.); (S.L.); (S.S.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (X.L.); (M.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
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Zheng Y, Chen ZY, Ma WJ, Wang QZ, Liang H, Ma AG. B Vitamins Supplementation Can Improve Cognitive Functions and May Relate to the Enhancement of Transketolase Activity in A Rat Model of Cognitive Impairment Associated with High-fat Diets. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:847-856. [PMID: 34652631 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether B vitamin treatment was sufficient to reduce cognitive impairment associated with high-fat diets in rats and to modulate transketolase (TK) expression and activity. METHODS To test this, we separated 50 rats into five groups that were either fed a standard chow diet (controls) or a high-fat diet (experimental groups H0, H1, H2, and H3). H0 group animals received no additional dietary supplementation, while H1 group animals were administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) thiamine, 100 mg/kg BW riboflavin, and 250 mg/kg BW niacin each day, and group H2 animals received daily doses of 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine, 100 mg/kg BW cobalamin, and 5 mg/kg BW folate. Animals in the H3 group received the B vitamin regimens administered to both H1 and H2 each day. RESULTS Over time, group H0 exhibited greater increases in BW and fat mass relative to other groups. When spatial and memory capabilities in these animals were evaluated via conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), we found B vitamin treatment was associated with significant improvements relative to untreated H0 controls. Similarly, B vitamin supplementation was associated with elevated TK expression in erythrocytes and hypothalamus of treated animals relative to those in H0 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest B vitamin can modulate hypothalamic TK activity to reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in a rat model of obesity. As such, B vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial method for reducing cognitive dysfunction in clinical settings associated with high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ai-Guo Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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22
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Shea TB. Improvement of cognitive performance by a nutraceutical formulation: Underlying mechanisms revealed by laboratory studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:281-304. [PMID: 34352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, decrease in neuronal function and neuronal loss that accompany normal aging and dementia are the result of multiple mechanisms, many of which involve oxidative stress. Herein, we review these various mechanisms and identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including modification of diet, that may reduce the risk and progression of cognitive decline. The optimal degree of neuronal protection is derived by combinations of, rather than individual, compounds. Compounds that provide antioxidant protection are particularly effective at delaying or improving cognitive performance in the early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Laboratory studies confirm alleviation of oxidative damage in brain tissue. Lifestyle modifications show a degree of efficacy and may augment pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, oxidative damage and resultant accumulation of biomarkers of neuronal damage can precede cognitive decline by years to decades. This underscores the importance of optimization of dietary enrichment, antioxidant supplementation and other lifestyle modifications during aging even for individuals who are cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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Nenseth HZ, Sahu A, Saatcioglu F, Osguthorpe S. A Nutraceutical Formula Is Effective in Raising the Circulating Vitamin and Mineral Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703394. [PMID: 34540877 PMCID: PMC8440802 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of nutrient intake are common in industrialized countries. This has negative implications on health and is associated with chronic diseases. Supplementation of vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients to optimal levels may, therefore, be beneficial for individual health and for the health economy. Although the use of supplements has become very common, due to a lack of monitoring, there is very limited data on the efficacy of supplementation with different formulas. In this study, we present the results of a randomized controlled study on the efficacy of a novel formulated nutraceutical, N247, in 250 healthy volunteers aged 26-75 years and a placebo control group (n = 35). The broad-spectrum formulation of N247 includes essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements that are adequately balanced in regard to synergies and related metabolic functions. Moreover, tolerance, safety, and nutrient availability is an important aspect of daily, long-term use of N247. After 3 months of regular N247 use, levels of vitamins and minerals in serum were significantly increased in the N247 group compared with the control group and a placebo group, with excellent compliance rates. Coupled with additional natural ingredients that aim to increase the potency of the nutrients, N247 may represent a novel and beneficial supplement for individuals with nutritional deficiencies. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT04054505.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aparna Sahu
- Turiyan Psyneuronics Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
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de Barros TT, Venancio VDP, Hernandes LC, Antunes LMG, Hillesheim E, Salomão RG, Mathias MG, Coelho-Landell CA, Toffano RBD, Almada MORDV, Camelo-Junior JS, Moco S, Cominetti O, Ued FDV, Kaput J, Monteiro JP. DNA Damage, n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Levels and Proteomic Profile in Brazilian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082483. [PMID: 34444642 PMCID: PMC8401971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a significant role in maintaining cellular and DNA protection and we previously found an inverse relationship between blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to explore differences in proteomic profiles, for 117 pro-inflammatory proteins, in two previously defined groups of individuals with different DNA damage and EPA and DHA levels. Healthy children and adolescents (n = 140) aged 9 to 13 years old in an urban area of Brazil were divided by k-means cluster test into two clusters of DNA damage (tail intensity) using the comet assay (cluster 1 = 5.9% ± 1.2 and cluster 2 = 13.8% ± 3.1) in our previous study. The cluster with higher DNA damage and lower levels of DHA (6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL; 5.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and EPA (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL; 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001) presented increased expression of the proteins CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB, which are involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. Our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA may have a less protective role against DNA damage through expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Trevisan de Barros
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vinicius de Paula Venancio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Lívia Cristina Hernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Elaine Hillesheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Roberta Garcia Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Mariana Giaretta Mathias
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Carolina Almeida Coelho-Landell
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Roseli Borges Donegá Toffano
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Maria Olimpia Ribeiro do Vale Almada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - José Simon Camelo-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Fábio da Veiga Ued
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
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25
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de Barros TT, Venâncio VDP, Hernandes LC, Greggi Antunes LM, Hillesheim E, Salomão RG, Mathias MG, Coelho-Landell CA, Toffano RBD, Almada MORDV, Camelo- JS, Moco S, Ued FDV, Kaput J, Monteiro JP. DNA damage is inversely associated to blood levels of DHA and EPA fatty acids in Brazilian children and adolescents. Food Funct 2021; 11:5115-5121. [PMID: 32432238 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), retinol, beta-carotene and riboflavin in Brazilian children and adolescents. Subjects (n = 140) were healthy boys and girls aged 9 to 13 years in Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil). Data collection included anthropometry, assessment of energy intake and blood sampling. DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify associations between blood concentrations of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA damage. Multiple regression analyses, k-means cluster, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for confounding variables such as age, sex, energy intake, body mass index and total cholesterol (when needed), were applied to confirm the associations. PCA explained 69.4% of the inverse relationships between DNA damage and blood levels of DHA, EPA, retinol, and beta-carotene. Results were confirmed by ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses for DHA and EPA. In conclusion, omega-3-fatty acids were inversely associated with DNA damage in Brazilian children and adolescents and may be a protective factor against the development of future diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Trevisan de Barros
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius de Paula Venâncio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Cristina Hernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Hillesheim
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Garcia Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Giaretta Mathias
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Almeida Coelho-Landell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roseli Borges Donegá Toffano
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Olimpia Ribeiro do Vale Almada
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Simon Camelo-
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fábio da Veiga Ued
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040566. [PMID: 33917442 PMCID: PMC8067486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.
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Nan Y, Lin J, Cui Y, Yao J, Yang Y, Li Q. Protective role of vitamin B6 against mitochondria damage in Drosophila models of SCA3. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104979. [PMID: 33535071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated mitochondria damage is one of the prime causes of polyQ toxicity, which leads to the loss of neurons and the injury of non-neuronal cells. With the discovery of the crucial role of the gut-brain axis and gut microbes in neurological diseases, the relationship between visceral damage and neurological disorders has also received extensive attention. This study successfully simulated the polyQ mitochondrial damage model by expressing 78 or 84 polyglutamine-containing Ataxin3 proteins in Drosophila intestinal enterocytes. In vivo, polyQ expression can reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial DNA damage, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and loose mitochondrial cristae. Expression profiles evaluated by RNA-seq showed that mitochondrial structural genes and functional genes (oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related) were significantly down-regulated. More importantly, Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that pathological polyQ expression induced vitamin B6 metabolic pathways abnormality. Active vitamin B6 participates in hundreds of enzymatic reactions and is very important for maintaining mitochondria's activities. In the SCA3 Drosophila model, Vitamin B6 supplementation significantly suppressed ECs mitochondria damage in guts and inhibited cellular polyQ aggregates in fat bodies, indicating a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of polyQ. Taken together, our results reveal a crucial role for the Vitamin B6-mediated mitochondrial protection in polyQ-induced cellular toxicity, which provides strong evidence for this process as a drug target in polyQ diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Nan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jinpeng Yao
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China.
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Sharma S, Nayak SU, Uppoor A, Rao S, Pai K, Natarajan S. Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:50-57. [PMID: 33688473 PMCID: PMC7934817 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_349_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for dementia; it also shares a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. It is hypothesized that the increased severity of periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline in patients having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. An added risk for future development as well as progression of dementia may be prophesied in such a scenario. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find a correlation between the cognitive impairment (CI) and periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods A total of 160 older adults aged ≥60 years in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, were included in the present analysis. Known T2DM patients aged ≥60 years and diagnosed with periodontitis with a minimum clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥2 mm were considered in the present study. Montreal cognitive assessment test assessed the CI. The analysis was carried out using the χ2 test, an independent t-test. Binary logistic regression analysis (enter method) was performed to derive the odds ratios (95% confidence interval). Results The study included 160 participants, out of which 120 had CI and 40 did not have CI. A statistically significant association was observed between moderate-to-severe periodontitis, HbA1c levels ≥7%, and CI after excluding the confounding factors like age, gender, diet, lifestyle habits, and education. Conclusion In the present study, cognitive impairment was found to coexist with HbA1c levels ≥7% and moderate-to-severe periodontitis in the elderly diabetics. The clinical implication of these findings adds opportunities to form disease modifiable areas in the elderly diabetic population at a risk for the development of dementia. Additionally, the impact of pre-existing CI on progression of periodontitis and vice versa has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Umesh Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashita Uppoor
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Rao
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshava Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Effects of Alzheimer-Like Pathology on Homocysteine and Homocysteic Acid Levels-An Exploratory In Vivo Kinetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020927. [PMID: 33477684 PMCID: PMC7831937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suggested potentially to contribute to a variety of pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on AD has been investigated extensively, there are scarce data on the effect of AD on hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the kinetics of homocysteine (HCys) and homocysteic acid (HCA) and effects of AD-like pathology on the endogenous levels. The mice received a B-vitamin deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by the return to a balanced control diet for another eight weeks. Serum, urine, and brain tissues of AppNL-G-F knock-in and C57BL/6J wild type mice were analyzed for HCys and HCA using LC-MS/MS methods. Hyperhomocysteinemic levels were found in wild type and knock-in mice due to the consumption of the deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by a rapid normalization of the levels after the return to control chow. Hyperhomocysteinemic AppNL-G-F mice had significantly higher HCys in all matrices, but not HCA, compared to wild type control. Higher serum concentrations were associated with elevated levels in both the brain and in urine. Our findings confirm a significant impact of AD-like pathology on hyperhomocysteinemia in the AppNL-G-F mouse model. The immediate normalization of HCys and HCA after the supply of B-vitamins strengthens the idea of a B-vitamin intervention as a potentially preventive treatment option for HCys-related disorders such as AD.
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Albrahim T. The potential role of nutritional components in improving brain function among patients with Alzheimers disease: a meta-analysis of RCT studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:4-17. [PMID: 31982903 PMCID: PMC8015632 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.1.20190037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the potential role of nutritional components in improving brain function among patients with Alzheimer`s disease (AD). METHODS The correlation between nutrition and cerebral function in cases of AD has been the focus of 19 prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a combined research sample of 2297 patients. These RCTs are subject to systematic review and meta-analysis in the current paper RESULTS: Findings showed that chain-free secondary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA) occurred in higher concentrations in AD patients` brains than in controls. Furthermore, neuroinflammation was caused by remodelling of the lipid membrane and AD patients` cognitive function was impacted by alterations in tyrosine, tryptophan, purine, and tocopherol pathway metabolomics. Moreover, in cases of mild-to-moderate AD, reduction in functionality was induced by administration of alpha-tocopherol for more than 12 months. Consumption of Souvenaid helps in synaptic synthesis, which enhances functional connectivity. Furthermore, consumption of the B vitamins folate, cobalamin and pyridoxine at dosages of 0.8 mg, 0.5 mg and 20 mg per day, respectively, over a period of one year resulted in lower plasma tHcy levels and brain atrophy. CONCLUSION Chain-free SFA and TFA occur in greater amounts in the brains of individuals with AD than in those without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfa Albrahim
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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31
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Nutraceuticals and probiotics in the management of psychiatric and neurological disorders: A focus on microbiota-gut-brain-immune axis. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:403-419. [PMID: 32889082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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32
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Sali A, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Gender Differences in Plasma Vitamin C Concentrations and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa038. [PMID: 32337476 PMCID: PMC7170048 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of investigations have highlighted the importance of vitamin C in maintaining brain health. Biologically, vitamin C has exhibited roles in neuromodulation, neurodevelopment, vascular support, and neuroprotection. Vitamin C's contribution to cognitive function in both cognitively intact and impaired cohorts has previously been assessed, with little focus on gender variability. OBJECTIVE The present study explored the interaction between gender and plasma vitamin C on cognitive performance, and the effect of different amounts of plasma vitamin C (adequate/inadequate) on various cognitive tasks by gender. METHODS This retrospective analysis was conducted in healthy adults (n = 80, female = 52, male = 28, 24-96 y) with a range of blood plasma vitamin C concentrations. Cognitive assessments included the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) and 2 pen-and-paper tests, the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). Food-frequency questionnaires were used to elucidate dietary consumption. RESULTS After adjusting for a number of potential covariates such as age, number of prescribed medications and dose of vitamin C supplementation, results indicated a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between plasma vitamin C and gender on cognitive function, on both the computerized and pen-and-paper assessments. A novel finding was that the performance of males with inadequate plasma vitamin C was poorer on tasks involving components of memory (short/delayed), inhibition, and visual perception, whereas females presenting with inadequate vitamin C were more compromised on tasks involving psychomotor performance/motor speed. Additionally, females with adequate vitamin C concentrations exhibited higher performance than males on tasks involving recall, recognition, attention, and focus. CONCLUSIONS Further larger-scale investigations are required to establish a cause-and-effect relation and to elucidate whether differences in cognitive function between genders may be attributed to plasma vitamin C status.This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369440&isReview=true as ACTRN12615001140549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Torrens University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Patino-Alonso MC, Gómez Sánchez M, Gómez Sánchez L, Alonso-Domínguez R, Sánchez-Aguadero N, Sánchez Salgado B, Rodríguez Sánchez E, García Ortiz L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Multivariate Analysis of Influence of Vitamin Intake on Vascular Function Parameters by Sex in the General Spanish Population: EVA Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E643. [PMID: 32121178 PMCID: PMC7146244 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of vitamin intake on vascular function parameters in the Spanish general population has not been studied. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of vitamin intake on vascular function and as a secondary objective the adequacy of vitamin intake in a sample of the Spanish population without previous cardiovascular disease and analyze the differences according to sex. Methods: We included 501 individuals obtained by simple random sampling with replacement (reference population 43,946). The average age was 55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men. Participants recorded the intake of vitamins using the EVIDENT app, previously validated, during a period of 3 days. Vascular function was assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with the SphygmoCor device, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with the VaSera device and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using a validated equation. Results: The vitamins with the least adequate intake was vitamin D, less than 5%, and vitamin B9, less than 35%. Vitamins with an adequate intake percentage, close to 100%, were B12 and B6. The multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between cfPWV and vitamin B2 in both sexes, and a positive one with retinol in men and B3 in women. baPWV was negatively associated with vitamins B1 and B12 in women and B9 in men, while being positively linked with B6 in men. CAVI presented a negative association with vitamin D in women. The results were similar in the canonical correspondence analysis. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the influence of vitamins on vascular function is not homogeneous and varies according to the parameter analyzed. Thus, in men, vitamins B2 and retinol were associated with cfPWV and vitamins B6 and B9 with baPWV. In women, vitamins B2 and B3 were related cfPWV, vitamins B1 and B12 with cfPWV and vitamin D with CAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Patino-Alonso
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca (USAL), IGA Research Group, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
| | - Marta Gómez Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
| | - Leticia Gómez Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
| | - Rosario Alonso-Domínguez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca. 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Aguadero
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca. 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Health Service of Castilla and Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Benigna Sánchez Salgado
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Health Service of Castilla and Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Health Service of Castilla and Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Iberian network on arterial structure, central hemodynamics and neurocognition, 4800-263 Guimaraes, Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Health Service of Castilla and Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Iberian network on arterial structure, central hemodynamics and neurocognition, 4800-263 Guimaraes, Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.S.); (L.G.S.); (R.A.-D.); (N.S.-A.); (B.S.S.); (E.R.S.); (L.G.O.); (M.A.G.-M.)
- Health Service of Castilla and Leon (SACyL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Iberian network on arterial structure, central hemodynamics and neurocognition, 4800-263 Guimaraes, Portugal, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Bhatti GK, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Lifestyle Modifications and Nutritional Interventions in Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 31998117 PMCID: PMC6966236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of incurable neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ; plaques) and tau hyperphosphorylation as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain followed by neuronal death, cognitive decline, and memory loss. The high prevalence of AD in the developed world has become a major public health challenge associated with social and economic burdens on individuals and society. Due to there being limited options for early diagnosis and determining the exact pathophysiology of AD, finding effective therapeutic strategies has become a great challenge. Several possible risk factors associated with AD pathology have been identified; however, their roles are still inconclusive. Recent clinical trials of the drugs targeting Aβ and tau have failed to find a cure for the AD pathology. Therefore, effective preventive strategies should be followed to reduce the exponential increase in the prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia, especially AD. Although the search for new therapeutic targets is a great challenge for the scientific community, the roles of lifestyle interventions and nutraceuticals in the prevention of many metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are highly appreciated in the literature. In this article, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathology and the possible ameliorative action of lifestyle and nutritional interventions including diet, exercise, Calorie restriction (CR), and various bioactive compounds on cognitive decline and dementia. This article will provide insights into the role of non-pharmacologic interventions in the modulation of AD pathology, which may offer the benefit of improving quality of life by reducing cognitive decline and incident AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
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Cuperlovic-Culf M, Badhwar A. Recent advances from metabolomics and lipidomics application in alzheimer's disease inspiring drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:319-331. [PMID: 31619081 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1674808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although age is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is not an inevitable consequence of aging nor is it exclusively an old-age disease. Several other major risk factors for AD are strongly associated with metabolism and include lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, over-consumption of alcohol and depression in addition to low educational level, social isolation, and cognitive inactivity. Approaches for Alzheimer prevention and treatment through manipulation of metabolism and utilization of active metabolites have great potential either as a primary or secondary treatment avenue or as a preventative strategy in high-risk individuals.Areas covered: This review outlines the current knowledge concerning the relationship between AD and metabolism and the novel treatments attempting to correct changes in AD patients determined through metabolomics or lipidomic analyses.Expert opinion: Metabolites are one of the main driving factors and indicators of AD and can offer many possible avenues for prevention and treatment. However, with the highly interconnected effects of metabolites and metabolism, as well as the many different routes for metabolism dysfunction, successful treatment would have to include the correction of metabolic errors as well as errors in transport and metabolite processing in order to affect and revert AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanpreet Badhwar
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Canada
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Shea TB, Remington R. Relative Efficacy of a Nutritional Intervention on Cognitive Performance Across the Adult Lifespan and During Early Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:251-255. [PMID: 31754657 PMCID: PMC6839532 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nutritional supplement has maintained or improved cognitive performance for healthy adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Performance varied between 93 healthy adults aged 18-73 years versus 43 aged 75-85 years and among individuals with MCI. Healthy adult performance was stratified by age and for MCI as "intact" or "impaired" (Dementia Rating Scale guidelines). Some older individuals performed as well as younger individuals. All intact individuals with MCI maintained baseline performance; only impaired individuals receiving the supplement maintained baseline performance. Variation among elderly individuals can preclude observation of efficacy. Supplementation may maintain rather than improve performance for some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Ruth Remington
- Department of Nursing, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, USA
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Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Boronat A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. N-of-1 Clinical Trials in Nutritional Interventions Directed at Improving Cognitive Function. Front Nutr 2019; 6:110. [PMID: 31396517 PMCID: PMC6663977 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Longer life expectancy has led to an increase in the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline and dementia worldwide. Due to the current lack of effective treatment for these conditions, preventive strategies represent a research priority. A large body of evidence suggests that nutrition is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related cognitive decline, but also that it may play a critical role in slowing down its progression. At a population level, healthy dietary patterns interventions, such as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets, have been associated with improved cognitive performance and a decreased risk of neurodegenerative disease development. In the era of evidence-based medicine and patient-centered healthcare, personalized nutritional recommendations would offer a considerable opportunity in preventing cognitive decline progression. N-of-1 clinical trials have emerged as a fundamental design in evidence-based medicine. They consider each individual as the only unit of observation and intervention. The aggregation of series of N-of-1 clinical trials also enables population-level conclusions. This review provides a general view of the current scientific evidence regarding nutrition and cognitive decline, and critically states its limitations when translating results into the clinical practice. Furthermore, we suggest methodological strategies to develop N-of-1 clinical trials focused on nutrition and cognition in an older population. Finally, we evaluate the potential challenges that researchers may face when performing studies in precision nutrition and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona/Barcelonatech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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The role of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine in Parkinson’s disease onset, pathology and mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:218-230. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The cause of degeneration is not well understood; however, both genetics and environmental factors, such as nutrition, have been implicated in the disease process. Deficiencies in one-carbon metabolism in particular have been associated with increased risk for PD onset and progression, though the precise relationship is unclear. The aim of the present review is to determine the role of one-carbon metabolism and elevated levels of homocysteine in PD onset and pathology and to identify potential mechanisms involved. A search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science was undertaken to identify relevant human and animal studies. Case–control, prospective cohort studies, meta-analyses and non-randomised trials were included in the present review. The results from human studies indicate that polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism may increase risk for PD development. There is an unclear role for dietary B-vitamin intake on PD onset and progression. However, dietary supplementation with B-vitamins may be beneficial for PD-affected individuals, particularly those onl-DOPA (levodopa orl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) treatment. Additionally, one-carbon metabolism generates methyl groups, and methylation capacity in PD-affected individuals is reduced. This reduced capacity has an impact on expression of disease-specific genes that may be involved in PD progression. During B-vitamin deficiency, animal studies report increased vulnerability of DA cells through increased oxidative stress and altered methylation. Nutrition, especially folates and related B-vitamins, may contribute to the onset and progression of PD by making the brain more vulnerable to damage; however, further investigation is required.
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Trevisan K, Cristina-Pereira R, Silva-Amaral D, Aversi-Ferreira TA. Theories of Aging and the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9171424. [PMID: 31317043 PMCID: PMC6601487 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9171424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging and AD are associated in some way, then it is reasonable to ask whether or not it is possible to age without AD inexorably appearing at any moment, depending on the period of life. Therefore, the goal of this review is to verify, in light of some aging theories, the prevalence of AD. METHODS For the purpose of this manuscript, the indexers Alzheimer, aging, Alzheimer, and aging were considered; theories of aging were researched. The research was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. RESULTS The most common subjects in the papers analyzed for this manuscript were aging and Alzheimer's disease. The association between Alzheimer and theories of aging seems inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, the general idea is that AD is associated with aging in such a way that almost all people will present this disease; however, it is plausible to consider that the increase in life expectancy will generate a high prevalence of AD. In a general sense, it seems that the theories of aging explain the origin of AD under superlative and catastrophic considerations and use more biomolecular data than social or behavioral data as the bases of analysis, which may be the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaynara Trevisan
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Biomathematics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina-Pereira
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Biomathematics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Silva-Amaral
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Biomathematics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Biomathematics, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Food Insecurity Is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Africa: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040749. [PMID: 30935047 PMCID: PMC6521106 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no studies on the association between food insecurity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in South Africa (2007–2008) were analyzed to assess this association. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 3,672 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age 61.4 (18.3); 56% females]. The prevalence of MCI was 8.5%, while 11.0% and 20.8% experienced moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 2.82 (95%CI = 1.65–4.84) and 2.51 (95%CI = 1.63–3.87) times higher odds for MCI compared with no food insecurity, respectively. The OR for those aged ≥65 years with severe food insecurity was particularly high (OR = 3.87; 95%CI = 2.20–6.81). In conclusion, food insecurity was strongly associated with MCI among South African older adults. Future longitudinal research is required to assess whether addressing food insecurity may reduce risk of MCI and subsequent dementia.
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Fernández-Sanz P, Ruiz-Gabarre D, García-Escudero V. Modulating Effect of Diet on Alzheimer's Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:E12. [PMID: 30691140 PMCID: PMC6473547 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy is growing, neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, are increasing. This disease is characterised by the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein, senile plaques composed of an extracellular deposit of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and neuronal loss. This is accompanied by deficient mitochondrial function, increased oxidative stress, altered inflammatory response, and autophagy process impairment. The present study gathers scientific evidence that demonstrates that specific nutrients exert a direct effect on both Aβ production and Tau processing and their elimination by autophagy activation. Likewise, certain nutrients can modulate the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress related to the disease. However, the extent to which these effects come with beneficial clinical outcomes remains unclear. Even so, several studies have shown the benefits of the Mediterranean diet on Alzheimer's disease, due to its richness in many of these compounds, to which can be attributed their neuroprotective properties due to the pleiotropic effect they show on the aforementioned processes. These indications highlight the potential role of adequate dietary recommendations for clinical management of both Alzheimer's diagnosed patients and those in risk of developing it, emphasising once again the importance of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fernández-Sanz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Gabarre
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vega García-Escudero
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Batool Z, Agha F, Tabassum S, Batool TS, Siddiqui RA, Haider S. Prevention of cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats by essential nutrients present in nuts. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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