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The Potential Therapeutic Role of Lactobacillaceae rhamnosus for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040692. [PMID: 36832767 PMCID: PMC9955806 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract, and is highly prevalent worldwide. Although its origin is not yet fully understood, new evidence emphasizes that environmental factors, especially dietary factors and intestinal microbiota disorders are key triggers of IBD. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillaceae spp., play an essential role in human health as they exert beneficial effects on the composition of the human gastrointestinal microbial community and immune system. Probiotic-based therapies have been shown to be effective in alleviating IBD. Among these, Lactobacillaceae rhamnosus is one of the most widely used strains. L. rhamnosus is widely present in the intestines of healthy individuals; it regulates the intestinal immune system and reduces inflammation through a variety of mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to identify scientific evidence related to L. rhamnosus and IBD, review and summarize the results, and discuss the possible mechanisms of action as a starting point for future research on IBD treatment.
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Dery B, Zaixiang L. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as an Effective Tool for Determining the Morphology and Mechanism of Action of Functional Ingredients. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1939368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bede Dery
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lou Zaixiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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Chorawala MR, Chauhan S, Patel R, Shah G. Cell Wall Contents of Probiotics (Lactobacillus species) Protect Against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Murine Colitis by Limiting Immuno-inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1005-1017. [PMID: 33544362 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents to limit intestinal mucosal damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Based on several clinical studies, probiotics have emerged as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for IBD; however, their possible mechanisms are still poorly understood. Although probiotics in murine and human improve disease severity, very little is known about the specific contribution of cell wall contents of probiotics in IBD. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of cell wall contents of three Lactobacillus species in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colitis rats. LPS-sensitized rats were rendered colitic by colonic instillation of LPS (500 µg/rat) for 14 consecutive days. Concurrently, cell wall contents isolated from 106 CFU of L. casei (LC), L. acidophilus (LA), and L. rhamnosus (LA) was given subcutaneously for 21 days, considering sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) as standard. The severity of colitis was assessed by body weight loss, food intake, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, colon weight/length, spleen weight, and histological analysis. Colonic inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase activity, C-reactive protein, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide) were also assayed. Cell wall contents of LC, LA, and LR significantly ameliorated the severity of colitis by reducing body weight loss and diarrhea and bleeding incidence, improving food intake, colon weight/length, spleen weight, and microscopic damage to the colonic mucosa. The treatment also reduced levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and boosted anti-oxidant molecule. In conclusion, cell wall contents of LC, LA, and LR attenuate LPS-induced colitis by modulating immuno-inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sweta Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Yue B, Yu ZL, Lv C, Geng XL, Wang ZT, Dou W. Regulation of the intestinal microbiota: An emerging therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4378-4393. [PMID: 32874052 PMCID: PMC7438192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of metagenomics, metabolomics, and metatranscriptomics provides novel insights into the intestinal microbiota factors linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Multiple microorganisms play a role in intestinal health; these include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that exist in a dynamic balance to maintain mucosal homeostasis. Perturbations in the intestinal microbiota disrupt mucosal homeostasis and are closely related to IBD in humans and colitis in mice. Therefore, preventing or correcting the imbalance of microbiota may serve as a novel prevention or treatment strategy for IBD. We review the most recent evidence for direct or indirect interventions targeting intestinal microbiota for treatment of IBD in order to overcome the current limitations of IBD therapies and shed light on personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Yu
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Long Geng
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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5
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Millán Rodríguez F, Sabiote Rubio L, Girón Nanne I, Sánchez Martín F, Emiliani E, Angerri Feu O. The relationship between calcium oxalate lithiasis and chronic proinflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern: a prospective study. Urolithiasis 2020; 48:321-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Habtemariam S. Berberine pharmacology and the gut microbiota: A hidden therapeutic link. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104722. [PMID: 32105754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is a natural pentacyclic isoquinoline alkaloid that has been isolated as the principal component of many popular medicinal plants such as the genus Berberis, Coptis and Hydrastis. The multifunctional nature of berberine as a therapeutic agent is an attribute of its diverse effects on enzymes, receptors and cell signalling pathways. Through specific and general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, its polypharmacology has been established. Intriguingly, this is despite the poor bioavailability of berberine in animal models and hence begging the question how it induces its reputed effects in vivo. A growing evidence now suggest the role of the gut microbiota, the so-called the hidden organ, as targets for the multifunctional role of berberine. Evidences are herein scrutinised to show that the structural and numerical changes in the gut microbiota under pathological conditions are reversed by berberine. Examples in the pharmacokinetics field, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory disease conditions, etc. are used to show the link between the gut microbiota and the polypharmacology of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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McFarlane C, Ramos CI, Johnson DW, Campbell KL. Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Ren Nutr 2018; 29:209-220. [PMID: 30366767 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Restoring gut microbiota with prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention but has not been systematically evaluated in the CKD population. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a systematic review. A structured search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the International Clinical Trials Register Search Portal was conducted for articles published since inception until July 2017. Included studies were randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and/or synbiotic supplementation (>1 week) on uremic toxins, microbiota profile, and clinical and patient-centered outcomes in adults and children with CKD. RESULTS Sixteen studies investigating 645 adults met the inclusion criteria; 5 investigated prebiotics, 6 probiotics, and 5 synbiotics. The quality of the studies (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) ranged from moderate to very low. Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may have led to little or no difference in serum urea (9 studies, 345 participants: mean difference [MD] -0.30 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.20 to 1.61, P = .76, I2 = 53%), indoxyl sulfate (4 studies, 144 participants: MD -0.02 mg/dL, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.05, P = .61, I2 = 0%), and p-cresyl sulfate (4 studies, 144 participants: MD -0.13 mg/dL, 95% CI -0.41 to 0.15, P = .35, I2 = 0%). Prebiotic supplementation may have slightly reduced serum urea concentration (4 studies, 105 participants: MD -2.23 mmol/L, 95% CI -3.83 to -0.64, P = .006, I2 = 11). Of the 2 studies investigating microbiota changes, synbiotic interventions significantly increased Bifidobacterium. Supplement effects on clinical outcomes were uncertain. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence to support the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and/or synbiotics in CKD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McFarlane
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Renal Department, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Christiane I Ramos
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Nutrition Programme, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Paveljšek D, Juvan P, Košir R, Rozman D, Hacin B, Ivičak-Kocjan K, Rogelj I. Lactobacillus fermentum L930BB and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 initiate signalling pathways involved in intestinal epithelial barrier protection. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:515-525. [PMID: 29633647 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of intestinal microbiota with beneficial microbes represents a promising alternative or adjunct therapy in gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. The current study aims to clarify the signalling pathways and evaluate the possible beneficial effects of the combination of two strains. We used a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. RNA extracted from the middle part of the colon tissue was used for examination of the global gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays. An enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathways was performed, and a subset of genes associated with intestinal epithelial barrier function was verified with qPCR. A clinical condition assessment of the differently treated mice revealed that the combination of these two bacterial strains was safe for use as a dietary supplement. All animals treated with DSS had affected colons and suffered weight loss. There were very small differences between the diseased groups, although the depth of inflammation was lower when cyclosporine A or the strain mixture was used. We discovered that the prophylactic administration of the Lactobacillus fermentum L930BB (L930BB) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 (IM386) strains led to an anti-apoptotic pathway through phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and to the activation of pathways involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton via protein kinase C and GTPases. Reorganisation of actin cytoskeleton and decreased apoptosis are both helpful in intestinal epithelial cell reconstitution. We confirm important previous observations, showing that these pathways are downstream targets of Toll-like receptor 2 and fibroblast growth factor initiated signalling. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of L930BB and IM386 could aid in the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium during pathogenesis via pattern recognition receptors and the stimulation of growth factor synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Paveljšek
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - P Juvan
- 2 Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Košir
- 2 Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,3 BIA Separations CRO, Labena d.o.o., Verovškova 64, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Rozman
- 2 Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Hacin
- 4 National Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Pri Hrastu 18, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - K Ivičak-Kocjan
- 5 Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Rogelj
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
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Krumbeck JA, Walter J, Hutkins RW. Synbiotics for Improved Human Health: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:451-479. [PMID: 29350558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research on combining pro- and prebiotics as synbiotics to enhance human and animal health has accelerated in the past 10 years, including many clinical trials that have assessed a diverse range of synbiotic formulations. In this review, we summarize these studies as well as the commercial applications of synbiotics that are available. In particular, we critically assess the claimed health benefits of synbiotic applications and the ecological and therapeutic factors to consider when designing synbiotics and discuss the implications of these concepts for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina A Krumbeck
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Robert W Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA;
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10
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Kim JY, Park YJ, Lee HJ, Park MY, Kwon O. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:853-857. [PMID: 30263811 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 is a strain isolated from human breast milk. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and preliminary dose-finding trial was to find the effective dose and evaluate the effect of Lb. gasseri BNR17 on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. A total of 55 volunteers aged over 20 years with body mass index over 23 kg/m2 were randomized to intake a placebo, low-dose (BNR-L, 2 × 108 CFU/day), intermediate-dose (BNR-M, 2 × 109 CFU/day), or high-dose BNR (BNR-H, 2 × 5 × 109 CFU/day) for four weeks. Questionnaire for IBS symptoms scores and Lb. gasseri BNR17 in feces were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. Among IBS symptoms scores, abdominal pain score was significantly reduced in BNR-H group. Lb. gasseri BNR17 was detected in all intake groups except placebo. In the preliminary study, Lb. gasseri BNR17 was confirmed to have probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Park
- 2Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- 2Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- 2Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- 2Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Korea
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Effects of a probiotic product containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 and Lactobacillus plantarum MP2026 in lactose intolerant individuals: Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Fernando WMADB, Flint SH, Ranaweera KKDS, Bamunuarachchi A, Johnson SK, Brennan CS. The potential synergistic behaviour of inter- and intra-genus probiotic combinations in the pattern and rate of short chain fatty acids formation during fibre fermentation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:144-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1340932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve H. Flint
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K. K. D. S. Ranaweera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sri Jayewardenepura University, Nugegoda, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Arthur Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sri Jayewardenepura University, Nugegoda, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Stuart K. Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Food Research and Innovation Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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14
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Celiberto LS, Bedani R, Rossi EA, Cavallini DCU. Probiotics: The scientific evidence in the context of inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1759-1768. [PMID: 25996176 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.941457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generally comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and their main characteristic is the intestinal mucosa inflammation. Although its origin is not yet fully known, there is growing evidence related to genetics, intestinal microbiota composition, and the immune system factors such as precursors for the initiation and progression of intestinal conditions. The use of certain probiotic microorganisms has been touted as a possible and promising therapeutic approach in reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, specifically ulcerative colitis. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the benefits of probiotics, indicating that some bacterial strains are able to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota and the immune system, and to produce metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this paper is to bring together the various results and information, based on scientific evidence, that are related to probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease, emphasizing the possible mechanisms involved in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Sbaglia Celiberto
- a Department of Food & Nutrition , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
| | - Raquel Bedani
- b Departament of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP) Properties , SP , Brazil
| | - Elizeu Antonio Rossi
- a Department of Food & Nutrition , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
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15
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Berberine and inflammatory bowel disease: A concise review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:592-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Šmid A, Strniša L, Bajc K, Vujić-Podlipec D, Bogovič Matijašić B, Rogelj I. Randomized clinical trial: The effect of fermented milk with the probiotic cultures Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5® and Bifidobacterium BB-12® and Beneo dietary fibres on health-related quality of life and the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in adults. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Kristensen NB, Bryrup T, Allin KH, Nielsen T, Hansen TH, Pedersen O. Alterations in fecal microbiota composition by probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Genome Med 2016; 8:52. [PMID: 27159972 PMCID: PMC4862129 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of probiotic supplementation on fecal microbiota composition in healthy adults have not been well established. We aimed to provide a systematic review of the potential evidence for an effect of probiotic supplementation on the composition of human fecal microbiota as assessed by high-throughput molecular approaches in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of healthy adults. METHODS The survey of peer-reviewed papers was performed on 17 August 2015 by a literature search through PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science. Additional papers were identified by checking references of relevant papers. Search terms included healthy adult, probiotic, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, gut microbiota, fecal microbiota, intestinal microbiota, intervention, and (clinical) trial. RCTs of solely probiotic supplementation and placebo in healthy adults that examined alteration in composition of overall fecal microbiota structure assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, or phylogenetic microarray methods were included. Independent collection and quality assessment of studies were performed by two authors using predefined criteria including methodological quality assessment of reports of the clinical trials based on revised tools from PRISMA/Cochrane and by the Jadad score. RESULTS Seven RCTs investigating the effect of probiotic supplementation on fecal microbiota in healthy adults were identified and included in the present systematic review. The quality of the studies was assessed as medium to high. Still, no effects were observed on the fecal microbiota composition in terms of α-diversity, richness, or evenness in any of the included studies when compared to placebo. Only one study found that probiotic supplementation significantly modified the overall structure of the fecal bacterial community in terms of β-diversity when compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review of the pertinent literature demonstrates a lack of evidence for an impact of probiotics on fecal microbiota composition in healthy adults. Future studies would benefit from pre-specifying the primary outcome and transparently reporting the results including effect sizes, confidence intervals, and P values as well as providing a clear distinction of between-group and within-group comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja B Kristensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Bryrup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
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Tazzyman S, Richards N, Trueman AR, Evans AL, Grant VA, Garaiova I, Plummer SF, Williams EA, Corfe BM. Vitamin D associates with improved quality of life in participants with irritable bowel syndrome: outcomes from a pilot trial. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000052. [PMID: 26719813 PMCID: PMC4691664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated or implicated with the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal conditions inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, as well as with depression. No trials or epidemiology studies to date have investigated a link with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A single case report has suggested a benefit in IBS of vitamin D supplementation. We hypothesised that IBS participants with vitamin D insufficiency would benefit from repletion in terms of their IBS symptoms. We undertook a pilot trial to provide data to support a power calculation and to justify a full trial. Methods This was a randomised, double blinded, three-arm parallel design trial of vitamin D, placebo or a combination of vitamin D and probiotics. Participants were further stratified according to whether they were vitamin D replete or insufficient. Vitamin D status was determined by blood test at baseline and exit; IBS symptoms were assessed by validated questionnaire; dietary intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Results A significant proportion of the IBS population were vitamin D deficient, such that the replete stratum could not be adequately recruited. There was a significant association in the baseline data between circulating vitamin D level and quality of life (“How much has IBS affected your life?”). Supplementation significantly improved vitamin D level versus placebo. IBS symptoms were not significantly improved in this pilot, although a power calculation was enabled from the intervention data. Conclusions The IBS population exhibits significant levels of vitamin D insufficiency and would benefit from screening and possible supplementation. The impact of IBS on quality of life may be reduced by vitamin D level. Future trials should have a sample size of over 97. Trial registration number: ICTRN 6116003917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tazzyman
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Nicholas Richards
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Andrew R Trueman
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Amy L Evans
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Vicky A Grant
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Iveta Garaiova
- Research Department , Cultech Ltd, Baglan Industrial Park , Port Talbot , UK
| | - Sue F Plummer
- Research Department , Cultech Ltd, Baglan Industrial Park , Port Talbot , UK
| | - Elizabeth A Williams
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? Redox Biol 2015; 6:617-639. [PMID: 26520808 PMCID: PMC4637335 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the etiologic factors involved in several signals and symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that include diarrhea, toxic megacolon and abdominal pain. This systematic review discusses approaches, challenges and perspectives into the use of nontraditional antioxidant therapy on IBD, including natural and synthetic compounds in both human and animal models. One hundred and thirty four papers were identified, of which only four were evaluated in humans. Some of the challenges identified in this review can shed light on this fact: lack of standardization of OS biomarkers, absence of safety data and clinical trials for the chemicals and biological molecules, as well as the fact that most of the compounds were not repeatedly tested in several situations, including acute and chronic colitis. This review hopes to stimulate researchers to become more involved in this fruitful area, to warrant investigation of novel, alternative and efficacious antioxidant-based therapies. Major biomarkers used for evaluation of antioxidant therapy were MPO, TBARS/MDA and glutathione levels. Challenges were identified for the yet poor use of antioxidant therapy in IBD. This review stimulates the investigation of alternative and efficacious antioxidant therapies.
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Scientific evidence for health effects attributed to the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics: an update for current perspectives and future challenges. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1993-2015. [PMID: 26443321 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics, mainly commercialised as food ingredients and also as supplements, are considered highly profitable niche markets. However, in recent years, the food industry has suffered from a series of health claim restrictions on probiotics and prebiotics in many parts of the world, including those made by the European Food Safety Authority. Therefore, we reviewed the core benefits of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on health. A number of studies have examined the prevention and/or management of intestinal infections, respiratory tract infections, CVD, osteoporosis, urogenital infections, cavities, periodontal disease and halitosis, allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome and Helicobacter pylori gastric infections. In fact, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in human microbiota and immune system modulation by probiotics and prebiotics relies on continuous efforts to establish suitable biomarkers of health and diseases risk factors for the design of clinical trials required for health claim approval. In spite of the promising results, the performance of large, long-term, well-planned, well-aligned clinical studies is crucial to provide more reliability and a more solid basis for the outcomes achieved and to support the potential use of probiotics and prebiotics in clinical practice.
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Perez-Burgos A, Wang L, McVey Neufeld KA, Mao YK, Ahmadzai M, Janssen LJ, Stanisz AM, Bienenstock J, Kunze WA. The TRPV1 channel in rodents is a major target for antinociceptive effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. J Physiol 2015; 593:3943-57. [PMID: 26084409 DOI: 10.1113/jp270229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce distension-dependent gut pain, but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Live luminal Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) and its conditioned medium dose dependently reduced jejunal spinal nerve firing evoked by distension or capsaicin, and 80% of this response was blocked by a specific TRPV1 channel antagonist or in TRPV1 knockout mice. The specificity of DSM action on TRPV1 was further confirmed by its inhibition of capsaicin-induced intracellular calcium increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another lactobacillus with ability to reduce gut pain did not modify this response. Prior feeding of rats with DSM inhibited the bradycardia induced by painful gastric distension. These results offer a system for the screening of new and improved candidate bacteria that may be useful as novel therapeutic adjuncts in gut pain. Certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity, but the mechanisms involved are not determined. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 was examined since it may be antinociceptive in children. Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel activity may mediate nociceptive signals, we hypothesized that TRPV1 current is inhibited by DSM. We tested this by examining the effect of DSM on the firing frequency of spinal nerve fibres in murine jejunal mesenteric nerve bundles following serosal application of capsaicin. We also measured the effects of DSM on capsaicin-evoked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) or ionic current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, we tested the in vivo antinociceptive effects of oral DSM on gastric distension in rats. Live DSM reduced the response of capsaicin- and distension-evoked firing of spinal nerve action potentials (238 ± 27.5% vs. 129 ± 17%). DSM also reduced the capsaicin-evoked TRPV1 ionic current in DRG neuronal primary culture from 83 ± 11% to 41 ± 8% of the initial response to capsaicin only. Another lactobacillus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1) with known visceral anti-nociceptive activity did not have these effects. DSM also inhibited capsaicin-evoked Ca(2+) increase in DRG neurons; an increase in Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity ratio of 2.36 ± 0.31 evoked by capsaicin was reduced to 1.25 ± 0.04. DSM releasable products (conditioned medium) mimicked DSM inhibition of capsaicin-evoked excitability. The TRPV1 antagonist 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin or the use of TRPV1 knock-out mice revealed that TRPV1 channels mediate about 80% of the inhibitory effect of DSM on mesenteric nerve response to high intensity gut distension. Finally, feeding with DSM inhibited perception in rats of painful gastric distension. Our results identify a specific target channel for a probiotic with potential therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Perez-Burgos
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
| | - Lu Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
| | - Yu-Kang Mao
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
| | - Mustafa Ahmadzai
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luke J Janssen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M Stanisz
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
| | - John Bienenstock
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
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Caselli M, Zuliani G, Cassol F, Fusetti N, Zeni E, Lo Cascio N, Soavi C, Gullini S. Test-based exclusion diets in gastro-esophageal reflux disease patients: A randomized controlled pilot trial. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17190-17195. [PMID: 25493035 PMCID: PMC4258591 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical response of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms to exclusion diets based on food intolerance tests.
METHODS: A double blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial was performed in 38 GERD patients partially or completely non-responders to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) treatment. Fasting blood samples from each patients were obtained; leukocytotoxic test was performed by incubating the blood with a panel of 60 food items to be tested. The reaction of leukocytes (rounding, vacuolization, lack of movement, flattening, fragmentation or disintegration of cell wall) was then evaluated by optical microscopy and rated as follows: level 0 = negative, level 1 = slightly positive, level 2 = moderately positive, and level 3 = highly positive. A “true” diet excluding food items inducing moderate-severe reactions, and a “control” diet including them was developed for each patient. Then, twenty patients received the “true” diet and 18 the “control” diet; after one month (T1) symptoms severity was scored by the GERD impact scale (GIS). Hence, patients in the “control” group were switched to the “true” diet, and symptom severity was re-assessed after three months (T2).
RESULTS: At baseline (T0) the mean GIS global score was 6.68 (range: 5-12) with no difference between “true” and control group (6.6 ± 1.19 vs 6.7 ± 1.7). All patients reacted moderately/severely to at least 1 food (range: 5-19), with a significantly greater number of food substances inducing reaction in controls compared with the “true” diet group (11.6 vs 7.0, P < 0.001). Food items more frequently involved were milk, lettuce, brewer’s yeast, pork, coffee, rice, sole asparagus, and tuna, followed by eggs, tomato, grain, shrimps, and chemical yeast. At T1 both groups displayed a reduction of GIS score (“true” group 3.3 ± 1.7, -50%, P = 0.001; control group 4.9 ± 2.8, -26.9%, P = 0.02), although the GIS score was significantly lower in “true”vs“control” group (P = 0.04). At T2, after the diet switch, the “control” group showed a further reduction in GIS score (2.7 ± 1.9, -44.9%, P = 0.01), while the “true” group did not (2.6 ± 1.8, -21.3%, P = 0.19), so that the GIS scores didn’t differ between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that food intolerance may play a role in GERD symptoms development, and leucocytotoxic test-based exclusion diets may be a possible therapeutic approach when PPI are not effective or indicated.
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Mar JS, Nagalingam NA, Song Y, Onizawa M, Lee JW, Lynch SV. Amelioration of DSS-induced murine colitis by VSL#3 supplementation is primarily associated with changes in ileal microbiota composition. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:494-503. [PMID: 25144681 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.32147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases encompass gastrointestinal illnesses typified by chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In an effort to counteract these characteristic perturbations, we used stem cells and/or a probiotic therapy in a murine model of Dextran Sodium Sulfate induced colitis to examine both their efficacy in ameliorating disease and impact on niche-specific microbial communities of the lower GI tract. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administering 3% DSS in drinking water for 10 days prior to administering one of three treatment plans: daily probiotic (VSL#3) supplementation for 3 days, a single tail vein injection of 1x10 (6) murine mesenchymal stem cells, or both. Ileal, cecal and colonic sections were collected for microbiota and histological analyses. Microbiota profiling revealed distinct bacterial community compositions in the ileum, cecum and colon of control untreated animals, all of which were predicted in silico to be enriched for a number of discrete KEGG pathways, indicating compositional and functional niche specificity in healthy animals. DSS-treatment perturbed community composition in all three niches with ileal communities exhibiting the greatest change relative to control animals. Each treatment group exhibited treatment-specific alterations in microbiota composition in the lower GI tract, though disease scores were only improved in VSL#3-treated animals. The ileal microbiota were most profoundly altered in composition in this group of animals and characterized by significant Enterobacteriaceae enrichment compared with colitic mice (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Mar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Nabeetha A Nagalingam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Current address: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michio Onizawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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25
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Finamore A, Roselli M, Imbinto A, Seeboth J, Oswald IP, Mengheri E. Lactobacillus amylovorus inhibits the TLR4 inflammatory signaling triggered by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli via modulation of the negative regulators and involvement of TLR2 in intestinal Caco-2 cells and pig explants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94891. [PMID: 24733511 PMCID: PMC3986366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation derived from pathogen infection involves the activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Despite the established immunomodulatory activities of probiotics, studies relating the ability of such bacteria to inhibit the TLR signaling pathways are limited or controversial. In a previous study we showed that Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698T, a novel lactobacillus isolated from unweaned pigs, protects the intestinal cells from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 infection through cytokine regulation. In the present study we investigated whether the ability of L. amylovorus to counteract the inflammatory status triggered by ETEC in intestine is elicited through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway. We used the human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells and intestinal explants isolated from 5 week-old crossbreed Pietrain/Duroc/Large-White piglets, treated with ETEC, L. amylovorus or L. amylovorus cell free supernatant, either alone or simultaneously with ETEC. Western blot analysis showed that L. amylovorus and its cell free supernatant suppress the activation of the different steps of TLR4 signaling in Caco-2/TC7 cells and pig explants, by inhibiting the ETEC induced increase in the level of TLR4 and MyD88, the phosphorylation of the IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB subunit p65, as well as the over-production of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β. The immunofluorescence analysis confirms the lack of phospho-p65 translocation into the nucleus. These anti-inflammatory effects are achieved through modulation of the negative regulators Tollip and IRAK-M. We also found that L. amylovorus blocks the up-regulation of the extracellular heat shock protein (Hsp)72 and Hsp90, that are critical for TLR4 function. By using anti-TLR2 antibody, we demonstrate that TLR2 is required for the suppression of TLR4 signaling activation. These results may contribute to develop therapeutic interventions using L. amylovorus in intestinal disorders of piglets and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Finamore
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (Research Center on Food and Nutrition, CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Roselli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (Research Center on Food and Nutrition, CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Imbinto
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (Research Center on Food and Nutrition, CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Seeboth
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (INP), UMR 1331 Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (INP), UMR 1331 Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena Mengheri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (Research Center on Food and Nutrition, CRA-NUT), Rome, Italy
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Petreska Ivanovska T, Jurhar Pavlova M, Mladenovska K, Petrushevska-Tozi L. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are functional components able to exert positive effects on human health. Numerous medical conditions lack effective and safe approaches for prevention or treatment, thus usage of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is an alternative. Further, the benefit related to the consumption of these compounds is associated with lower morbidity of chronic diseases and reduced health-care costs. Various types of mediums to deliver probiotics/synbiotics to the human GIT are used. Although capsules and tablets are frequently applied as delivery systems for probiotics, the major challenge of the commercial sector is to market new functional
foods containing probiotics and/or prebiotics. Discovering of new probiotic/synbiotic functional foods is connected to the interest of the food industry to revitalize continuously through introduction of products with improved nutritional value and pleasant taste, but also with health benefit for the consumers. The review provides insights and new perspectives in respect to usage of functional components and foods
in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are highly correlated with the modern lifestyle. The therapeutic and safety properties of probiotics and prebiotics, their role in pathogenesis of IBD, potential to prevent and treat these diseases as well as postulated mechanisms of action will be discussed, highlighting the main areas in which further research is an emergence.
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Brasili E, Mengheri E, Tomassini A, Capuani G, Roselli M, Finamore A, Sciubba F, Marini F, Miccheli A. Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 induce different age-related metabolic profiles revealed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in urine and feces of mice. J Nutr 2013; 143:1549-57. [PMID: 23946343 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.177105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related dysbioses of intestinal microbiota and decline in the overall metabolic homeostasis are frequently found in the elderly. Probiotic supplementation may represent a way to prevent or reduce the senescence-associated metabolic disorders. The present study evaluated the metabolic impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation in relation to age by analyzing urine and feces metabolic profiles using (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Adult (3 mo old) and aged (16 mo old) mice received an oral supplementation of the 2 probiotics (1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d each) or phosphate buffered saline (control) daily for 30 d. Urine and feces were collected for 48 h before the end of the study. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the urinary discriminant metabolites for the probiotic treatment included higher dimethylglycine in adult and aged mice, lower sarcosine and nicotinate in adult mice, higher N-methylnicotinamide in adult mice and lower N-methylnicotinamide in aged mice compared with their controls. These results indicate a probiotic-induced modulation of homocysteine and NAD metabolism pathways, which have important implications because these pathways are involved in essential cellular processes that can be altered in senescence. The probiotic supplementation also modified the fecal metabolic profiles, inducing in both adult and aged mice higher 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and lower xylose in treated mice compared with their control mice, whereas valerate was greater in treated adult mice and lower in treated aged mice compared with their controls. The ANOVA simultaneous component analysis on urinary and fecal metabolic profiling showed an age × treatment interaction (P < 0.05), confirming the age-related modulation of the metabolic response to probiotic supplementation. The results suggest that L. acidophilus and B. lactis may prevent or reduce age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brasili
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rome, Italy
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Monitoring immune modulation by nutrition in the general population: identifying and substantiating effects on human health. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 Suppl 2:S1-30. [PMID: 23228631 PMCID: PMC3734536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal functioning of the immune system is crucial to human health, and nutrition is one of the major exogenous factors modulating different aspects of immune function. Currently, no single marker is available to predict the effect of a dietary intervention on different aspects of immune function. To provide further guidance on the assessment and interpretation of the modulation of immune functions due to nutrition in the general population, International Life Sciences Institute Europe commissioned a group of experts from academia, government and the food industry to prepare a guidance document. A draft of this paper was refined at a workshop involving additional experts. First, the expert group defined criteria to evaluate the usefulness of immune function markers. Over seventy-five markers were scored within the context of three distinct immune system functions: defence against pathogens; avoidance or mitigation of allergy; control of low-grade (metabolic) inflammation. The most useful markers were subsequently classified depending on whether they by themselves signify clinical relevance and/or involvement of immune function. Next, five theoretical scenarios were drafted describing potential changes in the values of markers compared with a relevant reference range. Finally, all elements were combined, providing a framework to aid the design and interpretation of studies assessing the effects of nutrition on immune function. This stepwise approach offers a clear rationale for selecting markers for future trials and provides a framework for the interpretation of outcomes. A similar stepwise approach may also be useful to rationalise the selection and interpretation of markers for other physiological processes critical to the maintenance of health and well-being.
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Martín R, Miquel S, Ulmer J, Kechaou N, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Role of commensal and probiotic bacteria in human health: a focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:71. [PMID: 23876056 PMCID: PMC3726476 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is one of the most complex ecosystems, composed of 1013-1014 microorganisms which play an important role in human health. In addition, some food products contain live bacteria which transit through our gastrointestinal tract and could exert beneficial effects on our health (known as probiotic effect). Among the numerous proposed health benefits attributed to commensal and probiotic bacteria, their capacity to interact with the host immune system is now well demonstrated. Currently, the use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria to deliver compounds of health interest is gaining importance as an extension of the probiotic concept. This review summarizes some of the recent findings and perspectives in the study of the crosstalk of both commensal and probiotic bacteria with the human host as well as the latest studies in recombinant commensal and probiotic bacteria. Our aim is to highlight the potential roles of recombinant bacteria in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Noura Kechaou
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France
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30
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Sun YJ, Cao HJ, Song DD, Diao YG, Zhou J, Zhang TZ. Probiotics can alleviate cardiopulmonary bypass-induced intestinal mucosa damage in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1528-36. [PMID: 23334383 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is commonly applied to support circulation during heart surgery but frequently causes adverse effects. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of probiotics to improve small intestinal mucosa barrier function after CPB. METHODS Twenty-four adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated (S), CPB-operated (CPB), and probiotic-fed (Y) groups. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and concentrations of D-lactic acid, endotoxin, TNFα, and IL-6 were measured in portal vein blood. IgA concentrations were determined in plasma and the small intestine. Vena cava blood and tissue samples were used to monitor bacterial growth. Intestinal epithelial ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Occludin and ZO-1 expression levels in the intestinal epithelium were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS D-lactic acid, endotoxin, TNFα and IL-6 levels, DAO activity, and bacterial translocation rate were increased (P < 0.05) in CPB and Y compared to the S group. The above indices were relatively lower (P < 0.05) in Y than in CPB. Plasma and small intestinal IgA levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in CPB, while in Y they were significantly increased (P < 0.05) but lower than in S (P < 0.05). These results were confirmed by TEM. Consistently, occludin and ZO-1 expression levels were significantly higher in Y than in CPB (P < 0.05) but still lower compared to S (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-administration of probiotics can improve, to some extent, intestinal barrier function after CPB in rats, and this effect is likely related to inhibition of the CPB-induced inflammatory response, improvement in local intestinal immune function, and increased expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Commend, Shenyang, 110840, China
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31
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Caselli M, Cassol F, Calò G, Holton J, Zuliani G, Gasbarrini A. Actual concept of "probiotics": Is it more functional to science or business? World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1527-1540. [PMID: 23539674 PMCID: PMC3602470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i10.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is our contention that the concept of a probiotic as a living bacterium providing unspecified health benefits is inhibiting the development and establishment of an evidence base for the growing field of pharmacobiotics. We believe this is due in part to the current regulatory framework, lack of a clear definition of a probiotic, the ease with which currently defined probiotics can be positioned in the market place, and the enormous profits earned for minimum investment in research. To avoid this, we believe the following two actions are mandatory: international guidelines by a forum of stakeholders made available to scientists and clinicians, patient organizations, and governments; public research funds made available to the scientific community for performing independent rigorous studies both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
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Meijerink M, Mercenier A, Wells J. Challenges in translational research on probiotic lactobacilli: from in vitro assays to clinical trials. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:83-100. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of certain probiotic strains have been established in the treatment and prevention of various immune and intestinal disorders in humans, including allergic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases and diarrhoea. The proposed mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in humans are not understood in precise detail but include enhancement of intestinal barrier function, altered epithelial signalling, competition with pathogens and effects on immune cells and immunity depending on the probiotic strain. The publication of controversial or inconclusive probiotic studies in humans highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms and improved strain selection criteria. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro and in vivo, current knowledge concerning the mechanisms in vivo and challenges in translational research on probiotics. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of probiotics, the effect of probiotic mixtures versus single strains, the effect of formulation of probiotics and the fate of ingested probiotics should help to clarify the value of immune assays as selection criteria for probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Meijerink
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Mercenier
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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33
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Kverka M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Two faces of microbiota in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: triggers and drugs. APMIS 2012; 121:403-21. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Kverka
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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34
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Dai C, Zheng CQ, Meng FJ, Zhou Z, Sang LX, Jiang M. VSL#3 probiotics exerts the anti-inflammatory activity via PI3k/Akt and NF-κB pathway in rat model of DSS-induced colitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 374:1-11. [PMID: 23271629 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
VSL#3 probiotics can be effective on induction and maintenance of the remission of clinical ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of VSL#3 probiotics on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Acute colitis was induced by administration of DSS 3.5 % for 7 days in rats. Rats in two groups were treated with either 15 mg VSL#3 or placebo via gastric tube once daily after induction of colitis; rats in other two groups were treated with either the wortmannin (1 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection or the wortmannin + VSL#3 after induction of colitis. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Expression of inflammatory related mediators (iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, Akt, and p-Akt) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) in colonic tissue were assessed. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 serum levels were also measured. Our results demonstrated that VSL#3 and wortmannin have anti-inflammatory properties by the reduced disease activity index and MPO activity. In addition, administration of VSL#3 and wortmannin for 7 days resulted in a decrease of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and p-Akt and an increase of IL-10 expression in colonic tissue. At the same time, administration of VSL#3 and wortmannin resulted in a decrease of TNF-α and IL-6 and an increase of IL-10 serum levels. VSL#3 probiotics therapy exerts the anti-inflammatory activity in rat model of DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dai
- Department of Cadre Ward V, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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35
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Buhnik-Rosenblau K, Matsko-Efimov V, Jung M, Shin H, Danin-Poleg Y, Kashi Y. Indication for Co-evolution of Lactobacillus johnsonii with its hosts. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:149. [PMID: 22827843 PMCID: PMC3503616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota, composed of complex bacterial populations, is host-specific and affected by environmental factors as well as host genetics. One important bacterial group is the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which include many health-promoting strains. Here, we studied the genetic variation within a potentially probiotic LAB species, Lactobacillus johnsonii, isolated from various hosts. Results A wide survey of 104 fecal samples was carried out for the isolation of L. johnsonii. As part of the isolation procedure, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (tRFLP) was performed to identify L. johnsonii within a selected narrow spectrum of fecal LAB. The tRFLP results showed host specificity of two bacterial species, the Enterococcus faecium species cluster and Lactobacillus intestinalis, to different host taxonomic groups while the appearance of L. johnsonii and E. faecalis was not correlated with any taxonomic group. The survey ultimately resulted in the isolation of L. johnsonii from few host species. The genetic variation among the 47 L. johnsonii strains isolated from the various hosts was analyzed based on variation at simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of conserved hypothetical genes. The genetic relationships among the strains inferred by each of the methods were similar, revealing three different clusters of L. johnsonii strains, each cluster consisting of strains from a different host, i.e. chickens, humans or mice. Conclusions Our typing results support phylogenetic separation of L. johnsonii strains isolated from different animal hosts, suggesting specificity of L. johnsonii strains to their hosts. Taken together with the tRFLP results, that indicated the association of specific LAB species with the host taxonomy, our study supports co-evolution of the host and its intestinal lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Buhnik-Rosenblau
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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36
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Bengmark S. Integrative medicine and human health - the role of pre-, pro- and synbiotics. Clin Transl Med 2012; 1:6. [PMID: 23369440 PMCID: PMC3552567 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Western lifestyle is associated with a sustained low grade increase in inflammation -increased levels of endotoxin in the body and increased activation of Toll-like receptors and neutrophils, which leads to impaired immunity and reduced resistance to disease, changes which might explain the epidemic of chronic diseases spreading around the globe. The immune system cannot function properly without access to bacteria and raw plants, rich not only in bacteria but also in plant fibre, antioxidants, healthy fats and numerous other nutrients. Modern food technology with plant breeding, separation, condensation of food ingredients, heating, freezing, drying, irradiation, microwaving, are effective tool to counteract optimal immune function, and suspected to be a leading cause of so called Western diseases. Supply of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics have sometimes proved to be effective tools to counteract, especially acute diseases, but have often failed, especially in chronic diseases. Thousands of factors contribute to unhealth and numerous alterations in life style and food habits are often needed, in order to prevent and cure “treatment-resistant” chronic diseases. Such alterations include avoiding processed foods rich in pro-inflammatory molecules, but also a focus on consuming substantial amounts of foods with documented anti-inflammatory effects, often raw and fresh green vegetables and tubers such as turmeric/curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Bengmark
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 4th floor, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
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37
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Genetic modification of iron metabolism in mice affects the gut microbiota. Biometals 2012; 25:883-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Nagalingam NA, Lynch SV. Role of the microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:968-84. [PMID: 21936031 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studying the role of the human microbiome as it relates to human health status has revolutionized our view of microbial community contributions to a large number of diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory disorders. The lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract houses trillions of microbial cells representing a large diversity of species in relatively well-defined phylogenetic ratios that are associated with maintenance of key aspects of host physiology and immune homeostasis. It is not surprising, therefore, that many GI inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with substantial changes in the composition of these microbial assemblages, either as a cause or consequence of host inflammatory response. Here we review current knowledge in the emerging field of human microbiome research as it relates to IBD, specifically focusing on Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We discuss bacteriotherapeutic efforts to restore GI microbial assemblage integrity via probiotic supplementation of IBD patients, and speculate on future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeetha A Nagalingam
- Colitis and Crohn's Disease Microbiome Research Core, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, Calfornia 94143-0538, USA
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39
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Krammer H, Bluhm M. [Not Available]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2012; 41:134-140. [PMID: 24523082 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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40
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Changes in immunohistochemical levels and subcellular localization after therapy and correlation and colocalization with CD68 suggest a pathogenetic role of Hsp60 in ulcerative colitis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 19:552-61. [PMID: 21441812 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182118e5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier work, the role of heat shock protein (Hsp60) in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) was suggested by its significant increase in the pathological mucosa parallel with an increase in inflammatory cells. More data in this direction are reported in this work. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry biopsies of colon tissue from 2 groups of patients with UC and treated with either 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) alone or in combination with a probiotic. We looked for inflammatory markers and Hsp60. Both the treatments were effective in reducing symptoms but the group treated with both 5-ASA and probiotics showed better clinical results. Amelioration of symptoms was associated with reduction of both inflammation and Hsp60, a reduction that was most marked in the group treated with 5-ASA and probiotics. The levels of Hsp60 positively correlated with those of CD68-positive cells, and double immunofluorescence showed a high index of colocalization of the chaperonin and CD68 in lamina propria. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that Hsp60-classically a mitochondrial protein-was abundantly also present in cytosol in biopsies taken at the time of diagnosis, but not after the treatment. Our data suggest that Hsp60 is an active player in pathogenesis of UC and it can be hypothesized that the chaperonin is responsible, at least in part, for initiation and maintenance of disease.
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41
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Mikelsaar M, Lazar V, Onderdonk A, Donelli G. Do probiotic preparations for humans really have efficacy? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v22i0.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Mikelsaar
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veronica Lazar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrew Onderdonk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA USA
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42
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The potential for probiotic manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:192-201. [PMID: 22137452 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple internal and external sites of the healthy human body are colonized by a diversity of symbiotic microbes. The microbial assemblages found in the intestine represent some of the most dense and diverse of these human-associated ecosystems. Unsurprisingly, the enteric microbiome, that is the totality of microbes, their combined genomes, and their interactions with the human body, has a profound impact on physiological aspects of mammalian function, not least, host immune response. Lack of early-life exposure to certain microbes, or shifts in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome have been linked to the development and progression of several intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, including childhood asthma development and inflammatory bowel disease. Modulating microbial exposure through probiotic supplementation represents a long-held strategy towards ameliorating disease via intestinal microbial community restructuring. This field has experienced somewhat of a resurgence over the past few years, primarily due to the exponential increase in human microbiome studies and a growing appreciation of our dependence on resident microbiota to modulate human health. This review aims to review recent regulatory aspects related to probiotics in food. It also summarizes what is known to date with respect to human gastrointestinal microbiota - the niche which has been most extensively studied in the human system - and the evidence for probiotic supplementation as a viable therapeutic strategy for modulating this consortium.
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Tomasello G, Sciumé C, Rappa F, Rodolico V, Zerilli M, Martorana A, Cicero G, De Luca R, Damiani P, Accardo FM, Romeo M, Farina F, Bonaventura G, Modica G, Zummo G, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Hsp10, Hsp70, and Hsp90 immunohistochemical levels change in ulcerative colitis after therapy. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e38. [PMID: 22297444 PMCID: PMC3284240 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by damage of large bowel mucosa and frequent extra-intestinal autoimmune comorbidities. The role played in IBD pathogenesis by molecular chaperones known to interact with components of the immune system involved in inflammation is unclear. We previously demonstrated that mucosal Hsp60 decreases in UC patients treated with conventional therapies (mesalazine, probiotics), suggesting that this chaperonin could be a reliable biomarker useful for monitoring response to treatment, and that it might play a role in pathogenesis. In the present work we investigated three other heat shock protein/molecular chaperones: Hsp10, Hsp70, and Hsp90. We found that the levels of these proteins are increased in UC patients at the time of diagnosis and decrease after therapy, supporting the notion that these proteins deserve attention in the study of the mechanisms that promote the development and maintenance of IBD, and as biomarkers of this disease (e.g., to monitor response to treatment at the histological level).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tomasello
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Università di Palermo, Italy
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Bailey JR, Probert CSJ, Cogan TA. Identification and characterisation of an iron-responsive candidate probiotic. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26507. [PMID: 22039501 PMCID: PMC3198401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron is an essential cofactor in almost all biological systems. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB), frequently employed as probiotics, are unusual in having little or no requirement for iron. Iron in the human body is sequestered by transferrins and lactoferrin, limiting bacterial growth. An increase in the availability of iron in the intestine by bleeding, surgery, or under stress leads to an increase in the growth and virulence of many pathogens. Under these high iron conditions, LAB are rapidly out-competed; for the levels of probiotic bacteria to be maintained under high iron conditions they must be able to respond by increasing growth rate to compete with the normal flora. Despite this, iron-responsive genera are poorly characterised as probiotics. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we show that a panel of probiotics are not able to respond to increased iron availability, and identify an isolate of Streptococcus thermophilus that can increase growth rate in response to increased iron availability. The isolate of S. thermophilus selected was able to reduce epithelial cell death as well as NF-κB signalling and IL-8 production triggered by pathogens. It was capable of crossing an epithelial cell barrier in conjunction with E. coli and downregulating Th1 and Th17 responses in primary human intestinal leukocytes. Conclusions/Significance We propose that an inability to compete with potential pathogens under conditions of high iron availability such as stress and trauma may contribute to the lack of efficacy of many LAB-based probiotics in treating disease. Therefore, we offer an alternative paradigm which considers that probiotics should be able to be competitive during periods of intestinal bleeding, trauma or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Bailey
- Mucosal Microbiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tristan A. Cogan
- Mucosal Microbiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Buhnik-Rosenblau K, Danin-Poleg Y, Kashi Y. Predominant effect of host genetics on levels of Lactobacillus johnsonii bacteria in the mouse gut. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6531-8. [PMID: 21803912 PMCID: PMC3187140 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00324-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is strongly associated with the well-being of the host. Its composition is affected by environmental factors, such as food and maternal inoculation, while the relative impact of the host's genetics have been recently uncovered. Here, we studied the effect of the host genetic background on the composition of intestinal bacteria in a murine model, focusing on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as an important group that includes many probiotic strains. Based on 16S rRNA gene genotyping, variation was observed in fecal LAB populations of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mouse lines. Lactobacillus johnsonii, a potentially probiotic bacterium, appeared at significantly higher levels in C57BL/6J versus BALB/c mouse feces. In the BALB/c gut, the L. johnsonii level decreased rapidly after oral administration, suggesting that some selective force does not allow its persistence at higher levels. The genetic inheritance of L. johnsonii levels was further tested in reciprocal crosses between the two mouse lines. The resultant F1 offspring presented similar L. johnsonii levels, confirming that mouse genetics plays a major role in determining these levels compared to the smaller maternal effect. Our findings suggest that mouse genetics has a major effect on the composition of the LAB population in general and on the persistence of L. johnsonii in the gut in particular. Concentrating on a narrow spectrum of culturable LAB enables the isolation and characterization of such potentially probiotic bacterial strains, which might be specifically oriented to the genetic background of the host as part of a personalized-medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Buhnik-Rosenblau
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Kashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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46
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Impact of maternal supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy on atopic eczema in childhood--a meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1-6. [PMID: 21787448 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to conduct a literature review of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, which assessed the impact of probiotics intake during pregnancy on the development of eczema in children. A meta-analysis was conducted for comparison of the development of atopic eczema in children whose mothers took probiotics during pregnancy v. placebo. Study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. The studies were rated according to their size in order to calculate the influence of individual studies on the meta-analysis. A total of seven randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, published between 2001 and 2009, were selected from the PubMed and Ovid databases for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed with statistical software Stata/SE11.0. The completed meta-analysis of the seven studies shows a significant risk reduction for atopic eczema in children aged 2-7 years by the administration of probiotics during pregnancy (reduction 5·7 %; P = 0·022). However, this effect was only significant for lactobacilli (reduction 10·6 %; P = 0·045), but not for a mixture of various bacterial strains as probiotics (difference 3·06 %, P = 0·204). In conclusion, the meta-analysis shows that the administration of lactobacilli during pregnancy prevents atopic eczema in children aged from 2 to 7 years. However, a mixture of various bacterial strains does not affect the development of atopic eczema, independent of whether they contain lactobacilli or not.
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47
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Hoption Cann SA, van Netten JP. Spontaneous remission of Crohn's disease following a febrile infection: case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11:57. [PMID: 21592411 PMCID: PMC3123294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic illness that may often follow a relapsing-remitting course. Many of the factors that may be associated with the spontaneous remission of this disease (i.e. not related to specific treatment) remain to be determined. In the present report, we review the medical history of a patient with a long history of moderate to severe Crohn's whose complete remission immediately followed the development of a febrile infection.The patient first developed symptoms of Crohn's in her late adolescent years. At the time of diagnosis at age 23, she was placed on mesalamine--without effective control her disease symptoms. Due to progressive deterioration, the patient underwent a bowel resection at age 25. Soon afterwards symptoms recurred, gradually increasing in severity. In February 2005, at age 36, the patient developed a painful abscess associated with a rectal fistula. Other symptoms at the time included chronic bone and stomach pain, swollen joints, and debilitating fatigue. Surgical correction was scheduled in mid-March. In late February, the patient developed a respiratory infection associated with fevers of 103-104°F. After the onset of fever, the abscess pain disappeared and this was soon followed by a disappearance of all other disease symptoms. By the time the corrective surgery occurred, she had no Crohn's symptoms. Her remission lasted 10 weeks when the previous symptoms then reappeared. The patient has subsequently used a variety of conventional therapies, but still suffers from severe symptoms of her disease.In recent years, a growing body of literature has emphasized the important role that innate immunity plays in the etiology of Crohn's disease; however, a key component of innate immunity, the febrile response, has been overlooked. Other cases of spontaneous remission following febrile infection in inflammatory bowel disease have been reported. Moreover, induction of a febrile response was in the past used as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, but was later replaced by surgery and corticosteroids. Further exploration of this arm of the innate immune response may provide new opportunities for patients where conventional therapies fail to secure relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Hoption Cann
- 1School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johannes P van Netten
- 1School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Triantafillidis JK, Merikas E, Georgopoulos F. Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2011; 5:185-210. [PMID: 21552489 PMCID: PMC3084301 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade a large number of biological agents against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as many biochemical substances and molecules specifically for the medical treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have been developed. This enormous progress was a consequence of the significant advances in biotechnology along with the increased knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, conventional therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment for most patients. During recent years conventional and biologic IBD therapies have been optimized. Newer mesalazine formulations with a reduced pill size and only one dose per day demonstrate similar efficacy to older formulations. New corticosteroids retain the efficacy of older corticosteroids while exhibiting a higher safety profile. The role of antibiotics and probiotics has been further clarified. Significant progress in understanding thiopurine metabolism has improved the effective dose along with adjunctive therapies. Quite a large number of substances and therapies, including biologic agents other than TNF-α inhibitors, unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, microbes and microbial products, leukocytapheresis, and other substances under investigation, could offer important benefits to our patients. In this paper we review the established and emerging therapeutic strategies in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Triantafillidis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, "Saint Panteleimon" General Hospital, Nicea, Greece.
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Differential Toll-like receptor recognition and induction of cytokine profile by Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus strains of probiotics. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:621-8. [PMID: 21288993 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00498-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics as a food supplement has gained tremendous interest in the last few years as beneficial effects were reported in gut homeostasis and nutrient absorption but also in immunocompromised patients, supporting protection from colonization or infection with pathogenic bacteria or fungi. As a treatment approach for inflammatory bowel diseases, a suitable probiotic strain would ideally be one with a low immunogenic potential. Insight into the immunogenicities and types of T-cell responses induced by potentially probiotic strains allows a more rational selection of a particular strain. In the present study, the bacterial strains Bifidobacterium breve (NumRes 204), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NumRes1), and Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) were compared concerning their capacity to induce inflammatory responses in terms of cytokine production by human and mouse primary immune cells. It was demonstrated that the B. breve strain induced lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than the tested L. rhamnosus and L. casei strains. Both B. breve and lactobacilli induced cytokines in a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent manner, while the lower inflammatory profile of B. breve was due to inhibitory effects of TLR2. No role for TLR4, NOD2, and C-type lectin receptors was apparent. In conclusion, TLR signaling is involved in the differentiation of inflammatory responses between probiotic strains used as food supplements.
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Health benefits of probiotics: are mixtures more effective than single strains? Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:1-17. [PMID: 21229254 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most studies on probiotics utilise single strains, sometimes incorporated into yoghurts. There are fewer studies on efficacy of mixtures of probiotic strains. This review examines the evidence that (a) probiotic mixtures are beneficial for a range of health-related outcomes and (b) mixtures are more or less effective than their component strains administered separately. RESULTS Mixtures of probiotics had beneficial effects on the end points including irritable bowel syndrome and gut function, diarrhoea, atopic disease, immune function and respiratory tract infections, gut microbiota modulation, inflammatory bowel disease and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, only 16 studies compared the effect of a mixture with that of its component strains separately, although in 12 cases (75%), the mixture was more effective. CONCLUSION Probiotic mixtures appear to be effective against a wide range of end points. Based on a limited number of studies, multi-strain probiotics appear to show greater efficacy than single strains, including strains that are components of the mixtures themselves. However, whether this is due to synergistic interactions between strains or a consequence of the higher probiotic dose used in some studies is at present unclear.
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