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Parenteau F, Denis A, Roberts M, Comtois AS, Bergdahl A. A polyphenol-rich cranberry supplement improves muscle oxidative capacity in healthy adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1047-1054. [PMID: 38626462 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Cranberries are rich in polyphenols, have a high antioxidant capacity, and may protect against exercise-induced free radical production. Mitochondria are known producers of free radical in skeletal muscle, and preventing overproduction of radicals may be a viable approach to improve muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on muscle oxidative capacity and oxygenation metrics in healthy active adults. 17 participants (9 males and 8 females) were tested at: (i) baseline, (ii) 2 h following an acute CE dose (0.7 g/kg of body mass), and (iii) after 4 weeks of daily supplement consumption (0.3 g/kg of body mass). At each time point, muscle oxidative capacity was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a 15-20 s contraction of the vastus lateralis. Cranberry supplementation over 28 days significantly improved muscle oxidative capacity (k-constant, 2.8 ± 1.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.02). This was supported by a greater rate of oxygen depletion during a sustained cuff occlusion (-0.04 ± 0.02 vs. -0.07 ± 0.03; p = 0.02). Resting muscle oxygen consumption was not affected by cranberry consumption. Our results suggest that cranberry supplementation may play a role in improving mitochondrial health, which could lead to better muscle oxidative capacity in healthy active adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Parenteau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Denis
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary Roberts
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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de Souza Gouveia Moreira L, Resende Teixeira KT, Cardozo LFMF, Alvarenga L, Regis B, Sousa de Brito J, de Oliveira Leal V, Borges NA, de Souza da Costa Brum I, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Borini GB, Berretta AA, Ribeiro-Alves M, Mafra D. Effects of Cranberry Extract ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Stages 3-4): A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:9590066. [PMID: 38752013 PMCID: PMC11095989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9590066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that bioactive compounds in berry fruits may mitigate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives To evaluate cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) supplementation effects on modulation of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in nondialysis (stages 3 and 4) patients with CKD. Design/Participants. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed with 30 patients to receive capsules containing cranberry extract (1000 mg/day) or placebo (1000 mg/day of corn starch) for two months. Measurements. The mRNA expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the plasma to assess oxidative stress. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and C-reactive protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetric method. Results Twenty-five patients completed the study: 12 in the cranberry group (56.7 ± 7.5 years and body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2) and 13 in the placebo group (58.8 ± 5.1 years and BMI 29.8 ± 5.4 kg/m2). There were no differences in NF-kB or Nrf2 mRNA expressions (p = 0.99 and p = 0.89) or TBARS, CRP, and IL-6 plasma levels after cranberry supplementation. Conclusions The cranberry extract administration (1000 mg/day) did not affect Nrf2 and NF-kB mRNA expression, oxidative stress, or inflammatory markers levels in nondialysis CKD patients. This trial is registered with NCT04377919.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Souza Gouveia Moreira
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Thaís Resende Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F. M. F. Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences -Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessyca Sousa de Brito
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences -Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Leal
- Nutrition Division, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna B. Borini
- Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andresa A. Berretta
- Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences -Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Li X, Chen W, Xia J, Pan D, Sun G. The Effects of Cranberry Consumption on Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:782. [PMID: 38542695 PMCID: PMC10974925 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to update the evidence and clarify whether cranberry possesses lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties in humans. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2023. In total, 3145 publications were reviewed and 16 of them were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 were applied for statistical analyses. The results revealed a significant decrease in the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) (MD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.04; peffect = 0.02) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.14; peffect = 0.01) with cranberry consumption. However, it did not influence total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. In subgroup analysis, cranberry consumption in dried form (capsules, powder, and tablets) was found to significantly decrease the fasting insulin level (three studies, one hundred sixty-five participants, MD = -2.16; 95% CI: -4.24, -0.07; peffect = 0.04), while intervention duration, health conditions, and dosage of polyphenols and anthocyanins had no impact on blood lipid and glycemic parameters. In summary, cranberry might have potential benefits in regulating lipid and glucose profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Jang Y, Koh E. Effect of encapsulation on stability of anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid isomers in aronia during in vitro digestion and their transformation in a model system. Food Chem 2024; 434:137443. [PMID: 37713751 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aronia extract was encapsulated with maltodextrin (MD) or MD plus carboxymethyl cellulose, gum Arabic, or xanthan gum and digested under simulated conditions. The retention of anthocyanins was higher (75 %) in encapsulated aronia as compared to non-encapsulated one (58 %). Cryptochlorogenic acid significantly increased after in vitro digestion, whereas neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid decreased. The increase of cryptochlorogenic acid was about two-fold higher in non-encapsulated aronia than encapsulated aronia. In a model system, cyanidin 3-galactoside and chlorogenic acid were separately digested under simulated conditions. Cyanidin 3-galactoside-C7H12O6 adduct (m/z 640) was firstly observed in the digested cyanidin 3-galactoside solution, suggesting that degradation products of anthocyanins bind to intact anthocyanins. In a separate study, cryptochlorogenic acid increased as much as chlorogenic acid decreased, indicating that chlorogenic acid can be transformed into cryptochlorogenic acid during digestion. The results show that encapsulation lowered molecular transformations of anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid during in vitro digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Jang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Koh
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Prieto Martínez A, Coutiño Diaz M, Anaya Romero L, Ali Redha A, Zare R, Ventura Hernandez S, Prokopidis K, Clifford T. Effects of Vaccinium berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery - a systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:444-459. [PMID: 38165220 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in Vaccinium berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of Vaccinium berry supplementation on exercise performance and recovery, as well as on exercise-induced oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were included if the participants were healthy individuals who were supplemented with any Vaccinium berry or Vaccinium berry-based products in comparison to a control group. Of the 13 articles included in this review, no significant differences in the exercise performance were found and only one study reported benefits for markers of recovery. Interleukins and c-reactive protein were the most frequently reported biomarkers, but there was limited evidence that Vaccinium berry supplementation impacted them post-exercise. Most studies were of high quality and showed a low risk of bias. Vaccinium berry supplementation is not effective in modulating markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative distress in healthy individuals; nevertheless, more studies are required to evaluate their effects on exercise performance and recovery in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Prieto Martínez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Michelle Coutiño Diaz
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lizette Anaya Romero
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Reza Zare
- Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Arses Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | | | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- Society of meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Szot I, Łysiak GP, Sosnowska B, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties of Anthocyanins from Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruits. Molecules 2024; 29:449. [PMID: 38257363 PMCID: PMC10818799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornelian cherry is a plant that annually provides fruits, drupe-type, ranging in color from yellow through pink, red, carmine, and almost black. Cornelian cherry bears abundant fruit in temperate climate conditions, which means that its dark-colored fruits can be treated as an excellent source of anthocyanins. After consuming, anthocyanins have a protective function in the human body. Raw fruit extracts and their pure isolates, rich in anthocyanins, have a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. This review focuses on the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins from fruits of cornelian cherry, documented in research conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in humans. The results obtained so far confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on the blood parameters, whose values are important in predicting and assessing the risk and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A beneficial effect on molecular and histopathological changes in target organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and liver has also been demonstrated. Anthocyanins from cornelian cherry have a strong antioxidant effect, which explains their protective effects on organs and anticancer effects. Moreover, they have antiglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The work highlights the perspectives and directions of necessary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szot
- Subdepartment of Pomology, Nursery and Enology, Institute of Horticulture Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz P. Łysiak
- Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bożena Sosnowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Yamazaki K, Ishida K, Otsu W, Muramatsu A, Nakamura S, Yamada W, Tsusaki H, Shimoda H, Hara H, Shimazawa M. Delphinidins from Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis) ameliorate the subcellular organelle damage induced by blue light exposure in murine photoreceptor-derived cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:3. [PMID: 38167061 PMCID: PMC10759685 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue light exposure is known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to apoptosis of photoreceptors. Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) is a fruit enriched in anthocyanins, known for beneficial biological activities such as antioxidation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Maqui berry extract (MBE) and its constituents on the subcellular damage induced by blue light irradiation in mouse retina-derived 661W cells. METHODS We evaluated the effects of MBE and its main delphinidins, delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside (D3S5G) and delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (D3G5G), on blue light-induced damage on retinal cell line 661W cells. We investigated cell death, the production of ROS, and changes in organelle morphology using fluorescence microscopy. The signaling pathway linked to stress response was evaluated by immunoblotting in the whole cell lysates or nuclear fractions. We also examined the effects of MBE and delphinidins against rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS Blue light-induced cell death, increased intracellular ROS generation and mitochondrial fragmentation, decreased ATP-production coupled respiration, caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and increased ATF4 protein level. Treatment with MBE and its main constituents, delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, prevented these defects. Furthermore, MBE and delphinidins also protected 661W cells from rotenone-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Maqui berry may be a useful protective agent for photoreceptors against the oxidative damage induced by exposure to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Yamazaki
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kodai Ishida
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Aomi Muramatsu
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Wakana Yamada
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd, 1 Numata, Kitagata- cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan
| | - Hideshi Tsusaki
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research & Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd, 1 Numata, Kitagata- cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Tosi N, Favari C, Bresciani L, Flanagan E, Hornberger M, Narbad A, Del Rio D, Vauzour D, Mena P. Unravelling phenolic metabotypes in the frame of the COMBAT study, a randomized, controlled trial with cranberry supplementation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113187. [PMID: 37689939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry (poly)phenols may have potential health benefits. Circulating (poly)phenol metabolites can act as mediators of these effects, but they are subjected to an extensive inter-individual variability. This study aimed to quantify both plasma and urine (poly)phenol metabolites following a 12-week intake of a cranberry powder in healthy older adults, and to investigate inter-individual differences by considering the existence of urinary metabotypes related to dietary (poly)phenols. Up to 13 and 67 metabolites were quantified in plasma and urine respectively. Cranberry consumption led to changes in plasma metabolites, mainly hydroxycinnamates and hippuric acid. Individual variability in urinary metabolites was assessed using different data sets and a combination of statistical models. Three phenolic metabotypes were identified, colonic metabolism being the main driver for subject clustering. Metabotypes were characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of some metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones, hydroxycinnamic acids, and phenylpropanoic acids. Metabotypes were further confirmed when applying a model only focused on flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites. 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone derivatives were the most relevant metabolites for metabotyping. Metabotype allocation was well preserved after 12-week intervention. This metabotyping approach for cranberry metabolites represents an innovative step to handle the complexity of (poly)phenol metabolism in free-living conditions, deciphering the existence of metabotypes derived from the simultaneous consumption of different classes of (poly)phenols. These results will help contribute to studying the health effects of cranberries and other (poly)phenol-rich foods, mainly considering gut microbiota-driven individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emma Flanagan
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Mostafa H, Cheok A, Meroño T, Andres-Lacueva C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Biomarkers of Berry Intake: Systematic Review Update. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11789-11805. [PMID: 37499164 PMCID: PMC10416351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Berries are rich in (poly)phenols, and these compounds may be beneficial to human health. Estimating berry consumption through self-reported questionnaires has been challenging due to compliance issues and a lack of precision. Estimation via food-derived biomarkers in biofluids was proposed as a complementary alternative. We aimed to review and update the existing evidence on biomarkers of intake for six different types of berries. A systematic literature search was performed to update a previous systematic review on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2020 until December 2022. Out of 42 papers, only 18 studies were eligible. A multimetabolite panel is suggested for blueberry and cranberry intake. Proposed biomarkers for blueberries include hippuric acid and malvidin glycosides. For cranberries, suggested biomarkers are glycosides of peonidin and cyanidin together with sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of phenyl-γ-valerolactone derivatives. No new metabolite candidates have been found for raspberries, strawberries, blackcurrants, and blackberries. Further studies are encouraged to validate these multimetabolite panels for improving the estimation of berry consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alex Cheok
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, 150 Stamford
Street, SE1 9NH London, U.K.
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers
and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences
and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento
Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud
Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s
College London, 150 Stamford
Street, SE1 9NH London, U.K.
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Festa J, Hussain A, Al-Hareth Z, Singh H, Da Boit M. Anthocyanins and Vascular Health: A Matter of Metabolites. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091796. [PMID: 37174334 PMCID: PMC10178014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols previously investigated for improving cardiovascular health and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction. However, their poor bioavailability raises the question of whether the observed biological activity is due to their metabolites. Phenolic metabolites can reach higher plasma concentrations and can persist in the circulation for periods much longer than their original anthocyanin form; therefore, the biological activity and health promoting effects of anthocyanins may differ from their metabolites. To address this, recent studies have facilitated different cell models, in vivo studies and explored physiologically relevant concentrations to better understand their mechanisms of action. The criteria were chosen based on previous reports demonstrating that anthocyanins can improve endothelial function via modulation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, which made it critical to assess the phenolic metabolites' modes of action via these pathways. This review demonstrates how phenolic metabolites differ in bioactivity from their precursor anthocyanin, demonstrating improved endothelial function in response to inflammatory mediators at concentrations that are tolerated in vivo. The review highlights the crucial need for further studies to focus on improving the bioavailability of metabolites in isolation and explore the effect of metabolites in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Zakia Al-Hareth
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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11
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Nguyen HM, Putterill J, Dare AP, Plunkett BJ, Cooney J, Peng Y, Souleyre EJF, Albert NW, Espley RV, Günther CS. Two genes, ANS and UFGT2, from Vaccinium spp. are key steps for modulating anthocyanin production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1082246. [PMID: 36818839 PMCID: PMC9933871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a major group of red to blue spectrum plant pigments with many consumer health benefits. Anthocyanins are derived from the flavonoid pathway and diversified by glycosylation and methylation, involving the concerted action of specific enzymes. Blueberry and bilberry (Vaccinium spp.) are regarded as 'superfruits' owing to their high content of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. While ripening-related anthocyanin production in bilberry (V. myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYBA1, the role of specific structural genes in determining the concentration and composition of anthocyanins has not been functionally elucidated. We isolated three candidate genes, CHALCONE SYNTHASE (VmCHS1), ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (VmANS) and UDP-GLUCOSE : FLAVONOID-3-O-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (VcUFGT2), from Vaccinium, which were predominantly expressed in pigmented fruit skin tissue and showed high homology between bilberry and blueberry. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that overexpression of VcMYBA1 in combination with VmANS significantly increased anthocyanin concentration (3-fold). Overexpression of VmCHS1 showed no effect above that induced by VcMYBA1, while VcUFGT2 modulated anthocyanin composition to produce delphinidin-3-galactosylrhamnoside, not naturally produced in tobacco. In strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), combined transient overexpression of VcUFGT2 with a FLAVONOID 3´,5´-HYDROXYLASE from kiwifruit (Actinidia melanandra) modulated the anthocyanin profile to include galactosides and arabinosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, major anthocyanins in blueberry and bilberry. These findings provide insight into the role of the final steps of biosynthesis in modulating anthocyanin production in Vaccinium and may contribute to the targeted breeding of new cultivars with improved nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han M. Nguyen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
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12
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The Role of Anthocyanin in Modulating Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease and Its Potential to Be Developed as a Nutraceutical. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111344. [PMID: 36355516 PMCID: PMC9692260 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is directly linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), and its morbidity and mortality are rising at an alarming rate. Individuals with DM experience significantly worse clinical outcomes due to heart failure as a CVD consequence than non-diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is the main culprit that triggers the activation of oxidative damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis pathways that aggravate diabetic CVD progression. In recent years, the development of phytochemical-based nutraceutical products for diabetic treatment has risen due to their therapeutic properties. Anthocyanin, which can be found in various types of plants, has been proposed for preventing and treating various diseases, and has elicited excellent antioxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-apoptosis effects. In preclinical and clinical studies, plants rich in anthocyanin have been reported to attenuate diabetic CVD. Therefore, the development of anthocyanin as a nutraceutical in managing diabetic CVD is in demand. In this review, we unveil the role of anthocyanin in modulating diabetic CVD, and its potential to be developed as a nutraceutical for a therapeutic strategy in managing CVD associated with DM.
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13
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German-Ponciano LJ, Rosas-Sánchez GU, Cueto-Escobedo J, Fernández-Demeneghi R, Guillén-Ruiz G, Soria-Fregozo C, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Participation of the Serotonergic System and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810896. [PMID: 36142808 PMCID: PMC9505567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most disabling diseases experienced around the world, and their incidence has significantly increased over the last few decades due to multiple environmental, social, and biological factors. The search for new pharmacological alternatives to treat depression is a global priority. In preclinical research, molecules obtained from plants, such as flavonoids, have shown promising antidepressant-like properties through several mechanisms of action that have not been fully elucidated, including crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). This review will focus on discussing the main findings related to the participation of the serotonergic system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the antidepressant-like effect of some flavonoids reported by behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular studies. In this sense, evidence shows that depressive individuals have low levels of serotonin and BDNF, while flavonoids can reverse it. Finally, the elucidation of the mechanism used by flavonoids to modulate serotonin and BDNF will contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological bases underlying the antidepressant-like effects produced by these natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México CONACyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - César Soria-Fregozo
- Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Mexico
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14
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Victoria-Campos CI, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Gallegos-Infante JA, Failla ML, Pérez-Martínez JD, Rios-Velasco C, Ibarra-Junquera V. Gastrointestinal metabolism and bioaccessibility of selected anthocyanins isolated from commonly consumed fruits. Food Chem 2022; 383:132451. [PMID: 35182877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is uncertainty about the identity of digestive metabolites of anthocyanins because many are naturally present in foods and/or are formed from other phenolic compounds during the digestive process. Studies using pure anthocyanins are needed to clarify this uncertainty. In this study, selected anthocyanins were purified from common fruits and individually subjected to gastric and small intestinal digestion in vitro to determine their stability, metabolites generated and bioaccessibility. Anthocyanins were highly stable during the gastric phase of simulated digestion (p > 0.05). The recovery of anthocyanins decreased during the small intestinal phase of digestion (p < 0.05). Stability was dependent on anthocyanidin structure and type of glycation (p < 0.05). Gastric and gastrointestinal phases mainly contained anthocyanins as bioaccessible flavylium cations and chalcones. Expected anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., phenolic acids and phoroglucinaldehyde) were not detected in chyme. Deglycation of anthocyanins during simulated digestion was quite limited and the bioaccessibility of intact anthocyanins was very low (0.07-2.21%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Inés Victoria-Campos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.-Unidad Cuauhtémoc, Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial. C.P. 31570, Cd. Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.-Unidad Cuauhtémoc, Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial. C.P. 31570, Cd. Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Felipe Pescador 1830 Oriente, Col. Nueva Vizcaya. C.P. 34080, Durango, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Felipe Pescador 1830 Oriente, Col. Nueva Vizcaya. C.P. 34080, Durango, Mexico
| | - Mark L Failla
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jaime David Pérez-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Manuel Nava 6 Zona Universitaria. C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.-Unidad Cuauhtémoc, Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial. C.P. 31570, Cd. Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Vrani Ibarra-Junquera
- Universidad de Colima, Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Km. 9 carretera Coquimatlán-Colima. C.P. 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
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15
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Nistor M, Pop R, Daescu A, Pintea A, Socaciu C, Rugina D. Anthocyanins as Key Phytochemicals Acting for the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134254. [PMID: 35807504 PMCID: PMC9268666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Nistor
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Daescu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Urbstaite R, Raudone L, Janulis V. Phytogenotypic Anthocyanin Profiles and Antioxidant Activity Variation in Fruit Samples of the American Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:250. [PMID: 35204133 PMCID: PMC8868480 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in different cultivars and genetic clones of American cranberries grown in Lithuanian climatic conditions. Four anthocyanin compounds predominated in fruit samples of American cranberry cultivars: cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, and peonidin-3-arabinoside. They accounted for 91.66 ± 2.79% of the total amount of the identified anthocyanins. The total anthocyanin content detected via the pH differential method was found to be by about 1.6 times lower than that detected via the UPLC method. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the 'Woolman' cultivar distinguished from other cranberry cultivars in that its samples contained two times the average total amount of anthocyanins (8.13 ± 0.09 mg/g). The group of American cranberry cultivars 'Howes', 'Le Munyon', and 'BL-8' was found to have higher than average levels of anthocyanidin galactosides (means 3.536 ± 0.05 mg/g), anthocyanidins (means 0.319 ± 0.01 mg/g), and total anthocyanins (means 6.549 ± 0.09 mg/g). The evaluation of the antioxidant effect of cranberry fruit sample extracts showed that the greatest radical scavenging activity of the cranberry fruit extracts was determined in the fruit samples of 'Woolman' (849.75 ± 10.88 µmol TE/g) and the greatest reducing activity was determined in 'Le Munyon' (528.05 ± 12.16 µmol TE/g). The study showed a correlation between the total anthocyanin content and the antiradical and reductive activity of the extracts in vitro (respectively, R = 0.635 and R = 0.507, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Urbstaite
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (V.J.)
| | - Lina Raudone
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (V.J.)
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (V.J.)
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17
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Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Gaugler TL, Meily S, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of Cranberry Juice Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082618. [PMID: 34444779 PMCID: PMC8398037 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including central vascular function and HDL efflux, may be modifiable with food-based interventions such as cranberry juice. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted in middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity (n = 40; mean BMI: 28.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2; mean age: 47 ± 2 years) and elevated brachial blood pressure (mean systolic/diastolic BP: 124 ± 2/81 ± 1 mm Hg). Study participants consumed 500 mL/d of cranberry juice (~16 fl oz; 27% cranberry juice) or a matched placebo juice in a randomized order (8-week supplementation periods; 8-week compliance break), with blood samples and vascular measurements obtained at study entry and following each supplementation period. There was no significant treatment effect of cranberry juice supplementation on the primary endpoint of central systolic blood pressure or central or brachial diastolic pressure. Cranberry juice significantly reduced 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP by ~2 mm Hg compared to the placebo (p = 0.05) during daytime hours. Cranberry juice supplementation did not alter LDL-C but significantly changed the composition of the lipoprotein profile compared to the placebo, increasing the concentration of large LDL-C particles (+29.5 vs. −6.7 nmol/L; p = 0.02) and LDL size (+0.073 vs. −0.068 nm; p = 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on ex vivo HDL efflux in the total population, but exploratory subgroup analyses identified an interaction between BMI and global HDL efflux (p = 0.02), with greater effect of cranberry juice in participants who were overweight. Exploratory analyses indicate that baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) values may moderate treatment effects. In this population of adults with elevated blood pressure, cranberry juice supplementation had no significant effect on central systolic blood pressure but did have modest effects on 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP and the lipoprotein profile. Future studies are needed to verify these findings and the results of our exploratory analyses related to baseline health moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chesney K. Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Trent L. Gaugler
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA;
| | - Stacey Meily
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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19
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Effects of Anthocyanins on Vascular Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060811. [PMID: 34070757 PMCID: PMC8227852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are leading mortality causes worldwide, often with a latent evolution. Vascular health depends on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Preventive medicine deserves special attention, focusing on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has well-known health benefits, especially due to its polyphenolic components. Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoid species, responsible for the red-blue color in plants and commonly found in berries, exert favorable effects on the endothelial function, oxidative stress, inhibit COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes, exert antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, antiglycation, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activity, ameliorate dyslipidemia and arterial stiffness. The present review aims to give a current overview of the mechanisms involved in the vascular protective effect of anthocyanins from the human diet, considering epidemiological data, in vitro and in vivo preclinical research, clinical observational, retrospective, intervention and randomized studies, dietary and biomarker studies, and discussing preventive benefits of anthocyanins and future research directions.
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20
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Komeil IA, El-Refaie WM, Gowayed MA, El-Ganainy SO, El Achy SN, Huttunen KM, Abdallah OY. Oral genistein-loaded phytosomes with enhanced hepatic uptake, residence and improved therapeutic efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120564. [PMID: 33812970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (Gen) is one of the most potent soy isoflavones used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Low aqueous solubility and first-pass metabolism are the main obstacles resulting in low Gen oral bioavailability. The current study aims to introduce phytosomes as an approach to improve Gen solubility, protect it from metabolism by complexation with phospholipids (PL), and get used to PL in Gen lymphatic delivery. Different forms of PL namely: Lipiod® S100, Phosal® 53 MCT, and Phosal®75 SA were used in phytosomes preparation GP, GPM, and GPL respectively. The effect of formulation components on Gen absorption, metabolism, and liver accumulation was evaluated following oral administration to rats. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were applied on HepG2 cells and in-vivo anti-tumor studies were applied to the DEN-mice model. Results revealed that GP and GPL remarkably accumulated Gen aglycone in hepatic cells and minimized the metabolic effect on Gen. They significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Gen in its complex form in HepG2 cells. Their cytotoxicity is time-dependent according to the complex stability. The enhanced in-vivo anti-tumor effect was observed for GP and GPL compared to Gen suspension on DEN-induced HCC in mice. In conclusion, Gen-phytosomes can represent a promising approach for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Komeil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam M El-Refaie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar O El-Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar N El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Di Lorenzo C, Colombo F, Biella S, Stockley C, Restani P. Polyphenols and Human Health: The Role of Bioavailability. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010273. [PMID: 33477894 PMCID: PMC7833401 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting effects. They are classified as flavonoid (flavonols, flavanols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) and non-flavonoid molecules (phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and tannins). Although an increasing number of trials have shown a correlation among polyphenol consumption and a reduction in risk factors for chronic diseases, discrepancies in explaining their positive effects have been found in terms of the bioavailability. In fact, polyphenols show a low bioavailability due to several factors: interaction with the food matrix, the metabolic processes mediated by the liver (phase I and II metabolism), intestine and microbiota. On the other hand, the biological activities of phenol compounds may be mediated by their metabolites, which are produced in vivo, and recent studies have confirmed that these molecules may have antioxidant and anti-phlogistic properties. This review discusses the studies performed in vivo, which consider the polyphenol bioavailability and their different food sources. Factors influencing the biological effects of the main classes of polyphenols are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.L.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8371 (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Simone Biella
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Creina Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI), Glen Osmond 5064, Australia;
| | - Patrizia Restani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.L.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8371 (P.R.)
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22
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Prasain JK, Barnes S. Cranberry polyphenols‐gut microbiota interactions and potential health benefits: An updated review. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan K. Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
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23
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Gonzali S, Perata P. Anthocyanins from Purple Tomatoes as Novel Antioxidants to Promote Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1017. [PMID: 33092051 PMCID: PMC7590037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the class of polyphenols, whose beneficial roles in the prevention and treatment of several important human diseases have been demonstrated in many epidemiological studies. Their intake through diet strictly depends on the eating habits, as anthocyanins are contained in red and purple fruit and vegetables as well as in some processed foods and beverages, such as red wine. Genetic engineering and breeding programs have been recently carried out to increase the content of anthocyanins in candidate plant species which cannot offer satisfactory levels of these precious compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vegetable commodity where these strategies have resulted in success, leading to the production of new anthocyanin-rich fruit varieties, some of which are already marketed. These varieties produce purple fruits with a high nutraceutical value, combining the health benefits of the anthocyanins to the other classical tomato phytochemicals, particularly carotenoids. The antioxidant capacity in tomato purple fruits is higher than in non-anthocyanin tomatoes and their healthy role has already been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recent evidence has indicated a particular capacity of tomato fruit anthocyanins to act as scavengers of harmful reactive chemical species and inhibitors of proliferating cancer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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24
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Lavefve L, Howard LR, Carbonero F. Berry polyphenols metabolism and impact on human gut microbiota and health. Food Funct 2020; 11:45-65. [PMID: 31808762 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Berries are rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins. These molecules are often reported as being responsible for the health effects attributed to berries. However, their poor bioavailability, mostly influenced by their complex chemical structures, raises the question of their actual direct impact on health. The products of their metabolization, however, may be the most bioactive compounds due to their ability to enter the blood circulation and reach the organs. The main site of metabolization of the complex polyphenols to smaller phenolic compounds is the gut through the action of microorganisms, and reciprocally polyphenols and their metabolites can also modulate the microbial populations. In healthy subjects, these modulations generally lead to an increase in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, therefore suggesting a prebiotic-like effect of the berries or their compounds. Finally, berries have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of gut inflammation through the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and have chemopreventive effects towards colon cancer through the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This review recapitulates the knowledge available on the interactions between berries polyphenols, gut microbiota and gut health and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lavefve
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, USA
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25
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Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Soria-Florido MT, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for berries and grapes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32967625 PMCID: PMC7509942 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and berries are two types of widely consumed fruits characterized by a high content in different phytochemicals. However, their accurate dietary assessment is particularly arduous, because of the already wide recognized bias associated with self-reporting methods, combined with the large range of species and cultivars and the fact that these fruits are popularly consumed not only in fresh and frozen forms but also as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, beverages, jams, and jellies. Reporting precise type and/or quantity of grape and berries in FFQ or diaries can obviously be affected by errors. Recently, biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) rose as a promising tool to provide accurate information indicating consumption of certain food items. Protocols for performing systematic reviews in this field, as well as for assessing the validity of candidate BFIs have been developed within the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) Project. This paper aims to evaluate the putative BIFs for blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blackcurrant, and grapes. Candidate BFIs for grapes were resveratrol metabolites and tartaric acid. The metabolites considered as putative BFI for berries consumption were mostly anthocyanins derivatives together with several metabolites of ellagitannins and some aroma compounds. However, identification of BFIs for single berry types encountered more difficulties. In the absence of highly specific metabolites reported to date, we suggested some multi-metabolite panels that may be further investigated as putative biomarkers for some berry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulaszewska
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility - ProMeFa, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Slavador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Llorach
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trent, Trento, Italy
| | - C Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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26
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Cappellini F, Reiner Ž, Zorzan D, Imran M, Sener B, Kilic M, El-Shazly M, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Martorell M, Tonelli C, Petroni K, Docea AO, Calina D, Maroyi A. The Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanins: Current Approaches Based on Their Molecular Mechanism of Action. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1300. [PMID: 32982731 PMCID: PMC7479177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural phenolic pigments with biological activity. They are well-known to have potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, which explains the various biological effects reported for these substances suggesting their antidiabetic and anticancer activities, and their role in cardiovascular and neuroprotective prevention. This review aims to comprehensively analyze different studies performed on this class of compounds, their bioavailability and their therapeutic potential. An in-depth look in preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, and clinical studies indicates the preventive effects of anthocyanins on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antiobesity as well as their antidiabetes and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Debora Zorzan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilge Sener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kilic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Petroni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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27
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Han F, Oliveira H, Brás NF, Fernandes I, Cruz L, De Freitas V, Mateus N. In vitro gastrointestinal absorption of red wine anthocyanins – Impact of structural complexity and phase II metabolization. Food Chem 2020; 317:126398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Anthocyanins in Blueberries Grown in Hot Climate Exert Strong Antioxidant Activity and May Be Effective against Urinary Tract Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060478. [PMID: 32498420 PMCID: PMC7346222 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are extensively studied for their health-related properties, including antibacterial activity against urinary tract infections (UTI). Among common fruits, blueberries, with their remarkable antioxidant capacity, are one of the richest sources. Anthocyanin-rich extracts were obtained from four varieties: Snowchaser, Star, Stella Blue and Cristina Blue, grown in the hot climate of Southern Spain. Their total anthocyanins contents (TAC) were determined spectrophotometrically, and the anthocyanin profile by ultra high performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). Their antioxidant activity was assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, while antibacterial activity against strains isolated from UTI patients was assessed in vitro, helping to select the varieties with the highest bioactive potential. Star showed the highest TAC and antioxidant activity (1663 ± 159 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cy-3-O-glu) equivalents/100 g fresh weight (FW), 6345 ± 601 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g FW, respectively), followed by Cristina Blue, Stella Blue and Snowchaser. As far as we know, this is the first time that cyanidin-3-rutinoside has been identified in blueberries. The extracts inhibited all the tested strains, MICs ranging from 0.4 mg/mL (for Stella Blue extract against UTI P. aeruginosa) to 9.5 mg/mL (for all extracts against UTI K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae). This is the first study that assessed in vitro the antibacterial activity of blueberries against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii and Micrococcus spp. strains isolated from UTI.
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29
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Herst PM, Aumata A, Sword V, Jones R, Purdie G, Costello S. Cranberry capsules are not superior to placebo capsules in managing acute non-haemorrhagic radiation cystitis in prostate cancer patients: A phase III double blinded randomised placebo controlled clinical trial. Radiother Oncol 2020; 149:117-123. [PMID: 32413530 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute radiation cystitis affects the quality of life of many prostate cancer patients. A previous pilot study suggested that cranberry capsules may decrease some of the symptoms of acute radiation cystitis. Here we further test their effectiveness in a multicentre double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 108 prostate cancer patients were recruited at three New Zealand hospitals between September 2016 and January 2019. Out of this cohort, 101 patients provided datasets for analysis (51 men on cranberry capsules and 50 men on beetroot-containing placebo capsules). Patients took two capsules each morning during RT and for 2 weeks after completion of RT. Three measures were used to assess cystitis severity: modified RTOG, O'Leary interstitial cystitis scale and a sensitive novel radiation induced cystitis assessment scale (RICAS). Cystitis severity was scored at baseline and weekly thereafter during RT and for two weeks after completion of RT. Radiation protocols were stratified to conventional fractionation or hypo-fractionated radiation therapy (CHHiP) to the prostate or radiation to the prostate bed. RESULTS Cranberry capsules performed significantly worse than placebo capsules with respect to day time frequency and bladder control, using the more sensitive RICAS scale. No significant difference in cystitis severity was seen between patients receiving hypofractionation and those receiving conventional fractionation to the prostate gland. CONCLUSION Cranberry capsules were not superior to beetroot-containing placebo capsules in managing radiation cystitis in our prostate patient cohort. RICAS may be a useful tool for measuring radiation cystitis in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patries M Herst
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Andre Aumata
- Radiation Oncology Department, Southern Blood and Cancer Centre, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand
| | | | - Rowan Jones
- Auckland Radiation Oncology, Epsom, New Zealand
| | - Gordon Purdie
- Dean's Department, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shaun Costello
- Radiation Oncology Department, Southern Blood and Cancer Centre, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand
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30
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Kaiser M, Müller-Ehl L, Passon M, Schieber A. Development and Validation of Methods for the Determination of Anthocyanins in Physiological Fluids via UHPLC-MS n. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030518. [PMID: 31991680 PMCID: PMC7037091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vitro and in vivo studies on anthocyanins confirmed numerous health-promoting effects in humans. Daily anthocyanin intake can be estimated via food databases, but the amount absorbed by the organism still remains uncertain because anthocyanin bioavailability is yet to be elucidated in its entirety. For this purpose, suitable and validated methods of sample preparation and analysis are required. Therefore, a sample preparation method for anthocyanin metabolite analysis in plasma was successfully established and validated. The validation yielded acceptable results for the anthocyanins in terms of recovery (54–108%) and precision (coefficient of variation (CV) < 15%). The UHPLC-MS method used in the consecutive reaction monitoring (CRM) mode was sufficiently sensitive, resulting in limits of detection <2.3 ng/mL and limits of quantification < 8.1 ng/mL with associated repeatability of the MS system with CVs of <5.1%. In addition, a method for the sum parameter determination of anthocyanidins in urine comprising solely the evaporation of acidified samples was developed, validated, and successfully applied to real samples. The results showed that this method is applicable for the methylated anthocyanidins, but not for the hydroxylated anthocyanidins, due to the chosen CRM modes required for optimum selectivity.
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31
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Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its "Coming of Age" as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2716870. [PMID: 31737167 PMCID: PMC6815645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2716870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule's bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
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32
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Lyophilized Maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis) Berry Induces Browning in the Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue and Ameliorates the Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090360. [PMID: 31480627 PMCID: PMC6769892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maqui (Aristotelia Chilensis) berry features a unique profile of anthocyanidins that includes high amounts of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and has shown positive effects on fasting glucose and insulin levels in humans and murine models of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of maqui on the onset and development of the obese phenotype and insulin resistance was investigated in high fat diet-induced obese mice supplemented with a lyophilized maqui berry. Maqui-dietary supplemented animals showed better insulin response and decreased weight gain but also a differential expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, multilocular lipid droplet formation and thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). These changes correlated with an increased expression of the carbohydrate response element binding protein b (Chrebpb), the sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (Srebp1c) and Cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated genes 1 (Creg1) and an improvement in the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling. Our evidence suggests that maqui dietary supplementation activates the induction of fuel storage and thermogenesis characteristic of a brown-like phenotype in scWAT and counteracts the unhealthy metabolic impact of an HFD. This induction constitutes a putative strategy to prevent/treat diet-induced obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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33
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Guzmán-Oyarzo D, Plaza T, Recio-Sánchez G, Abdalla DSP, Salazar LA, Hernández-Montelongo J. Use of nPSi-βCD Composite Microparticles for the Controlled Release of Caffeic Acid and Pinocembrin, Two Main Polyphenolic Compounds Found in a Chilean Propolis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E289. [PMID: 31248192 PMCID: PMC6630447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is widely recognized for its various therapeutic properties. These are attributed to its rich composition in polyphenols, which exhibit multiple biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic). Despite its multiple benefits, oral administration of polyphenols results in low bioavailability at the action site. An alternative to face this problem is the use of biomaterials at nano-micro scale due to its high versatility as carriers and delivery systems of various drugs and biomolecules. The aim of this work is to determine if nPSi-βCD microparticles are a suitable material for the load and controlled release of caffeic acid (CA) and pinocembrin (Pin), two of the main components of a Chilean propolis with anti-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic activity. Polyphenols and nPSi-βCD microparticles cytocompatibility studies were carried out with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results from physicochemical characterization demonstrated nPSi-βCD microparticles successfully retained and controlled release CA and Pin. Furthermore, nPSi-βCD microparticles presented cytocompatibility with HUVECs culture at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL. These results suggest that nPSi-βCD microparticles could safely be used as an alternate oral delivery system to improve controlled release and bioavailability of CA or Pin-and eventually other polyphenols-thus enhancing its therapeutic effect for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Guzmán-Oyarzo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Tanya Plaza
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Recio-Sánchez
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
| | - Dulcineia S P Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Jacobo Hernández-Montelongo
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
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Kandagatla SK, Uhl RT, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Raner GM. Pheophorbide Derivatives Isolated from Açaí Berries ( Euterpea oleracea) Activate an Antioxidant Response Element In Vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2019; 14. [PMID: 33214801 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19852443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was used to isolate and identify two components of the Brazilian açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with the ability to induce antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene transcription in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Using an ARE-Luciferase reporter construct in cultured HepG2 cells, a suite of fractions from dried and powdered açaí berries were evaluated for transcriptional up-regulation of the luciferase gene. Active fractions were further refined until several pure compounds were isolated and identified. These compounds belong to the pheophorbide class of molecules, and are composed of the methyl and ethyl esters of the parent pheophorbide A, all of which are classified as photosensitizers. Using standard pheophorbides, dose response studies were carried out, and ARE-activation could be observed at concentrations as low as 8.2 μM and 16.9 μM for pheophorbide A methyl ester and pheophorbide A, respectively. These studies not only suggest a possible source of antioxidant properties for the açaí berry, but may also explain the recently identified photosensitizing abilities of açaí products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel K Kandagatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Robin Tate Uhl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Gregory M Raner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515
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Cahyana Y, Gordon MH, Gibson TM. Urinary Excretion of Anthocyanins Following Consumption of Strawberry and Red Grape Juice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 89:29-36. [PMID: 30806609 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The excretion of anthocyanins in urine following consumption of a mixed juice prepared from strawberry and red grape juice was investigated in a human intervention study. Unmetabolised anthocyanins, and glucuronide derivatives have been detected, with pelargonidin-3 glucoside metabolised into pelargonidin monoglucuronide and pelargonidin-3-glucoside monoglucuronide. The mass of urinary anthocyanins excreted in 24 h following consumption of the mixed juice (containing 21.93 mg of anthocyanins) was 144 nmol consisting of 106 nmol of anthocyanins derived from strawberries (0.32% of ingested dose) and 38 nmol derived from red grapes (0.22% of ingested dose). A higher proportion of delphinidin-3-glucoside was excreted in the unmetabolised form than less polar anthocyanins (at p ≤ 0.05). Excretion of anthocyanins peaked between 2 and 4 h following consumption of the juice. The proportion of the ingested anthocyanins excreted was not significantly different for strawberry and red grape anthocyanins despite the differences in the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Cahyana
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.,2Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Michael H Gordon
- 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK
| | - Trevor M Gibson
- 3The Chemical Analysis Facility (CAF), Harborne Building, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK
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Acute Effects of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces on Postprandial Blood Pressure, Vascular Function, Blood Lipids, Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020341. [PMID: 30764582 PMCID: PMC6412462 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The acute impact of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (HSC) extract on postprandial vascular function and other cardiometabolic risk factors have not been studied previously. This study investigated the acute impact of HSC extract consumption on blood pressure (BP), vascular function and other cardiometabolic risk markers. Subjects/Methods: Twenty-five men with 1% to 10% cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (determined by QRISK®2) were randomised to consume either 250 mL of the aqueous extract of HSC or water with breakfast in a randomised, controlled, single-blinded, 2-meal cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NTC02165553) with a two weeks washout period between study days. BP was measured at baseline and hourly for 4 h. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the branchial artery was measured at baseline, 2 and 4 h post intervention drink consumption. Results: Acute consumption of aqueous extract of HSC caused a significant increase in % FMD (p < 0.001), a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP); non-significant increase in urinary and plasma nitric oxide (NOx) and reduced response of serum glucose, plasma insulin, serum triacylglycerol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; significant (p = 0.026) improvement in the area under systemic antioxidant response curve (0 to 2 h); no significant changes in arterial stiffness following the acute consumption of the extract of HSC. Gallic acid, 4-O-methylgallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid and hippuric acid reached a maximum plasma concentration at 1 to 2 h post consumption of the extract of HSC. Conclusion: The extract of HSC improved postprandial vascular function and may be a useful dietary strategy to reduce endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk, although this requires confirmation.
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Matthan NR, Liu J, de la Torre R, Chen CYO. Cranberries attenuate animal-based diet-induced changes in microbiota composition and functionality: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:76-86. [PMID: 30269035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cranberries have multiple health effects but their impact on gut microbiota has not been examined in randomized controlled feeding trials. We evaluated the relationship between the microbiota and cranberries in the context of an animal-based diet. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, controlled design trial, 11 healthy adults consumed for 5 days each a control diet (animal-based diet plus 30 g/day placebo powder) and a cranberry diet (animal-based diet plus 30 g/day freeze-dried whole cranberry powder). The animal-based diet included meats, dairy products, and simple sugars. Stool, urine, and blood samples were obtained before and after each intervention phase. As compared to the pre-control diet, control diet modified 46 taxonomic clades, including an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and decrease in Bacteroidetes. Moreover, it increased bacteria-derived deoxycholic acid and decreased acetate and butyrate in stool. As compared to the post-intervention phase of control diet, the cranberry diet modified 9 taxonomic clades, including a decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes and increase in Bacteroidetes. Further, the cranberry diet attenuated control diet-induced increase in secondary bile acids and decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and increased urinary anthocyanins and bacterially derived phenolic acids. No changes were found in fecal trimethylamine and plasma cytokines. In conclusion, an animal-based diet altered the microbiota composition to a less favorable profile, increased carcinogenic bile acids, and decreased beneficial SCFA. Cranberries attenuated the impact of the animal-based diet on microbiota composition, bile acids, and SCFA, evidencing their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jin Liu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Systems Engineering Research Institute. 69 Lumicang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, 100010
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
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Xiao D, Sandhu A, Huang Y, Park E, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. The effect of dietary factors on strawberry anthocyanins oral bioavailability. Food Funct 2018; 8:3970-3979. [PMID: 28979957 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strawberries are a dietary source of anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin glycosides. Dietary anthocyanins have received increasing attention among researchers and consumers due to their health benefits. The oral bioavailability of anthocyanins is reported to be low and various dietary factors may influence their oral bioavailability further. Milk is suggested to reduce (poly)phenols' oral bioavailability. However, the effect of milk on anthocyanin oral bioavailability remains uncertain. Likewise, mixed nutrient meals may influence the oral bioavailability of anthocyanins. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of milk on the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic (PK) variables of strawberry anthocyanins consumed with and without a meal. Nine healthy participants consumed a strawberry beverage prepared in milk or water with a standard meal on two occasions. On two additional occasions, the beverages were given to a subset (n = 4) of participants to determine the impact of the meal on anthocyanin PK variables, including oral bioavailability. Independent of the meal, beverages prepared in milk significantly reduced the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (P-3-G), pelargonidin-glucuronide (PG) and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (P-3-R), as well as the PG and P-3-R area under the curve (AUC) (p < 0.05) compared to beverages prepared in water. Milk did not influence the oral relative bioavailability of pelargonidin anthocyanins under meal conditions; however, the oral relative bioavailability of pelargonidin anthocyanins was reduced by ∼50% by milk under without meal conditions (p < 0.05). Consuming strawberry beverages made with milk and consuming those made with water with and without a meal influenced different aspects of strawberry anthocyanin PKs. The significance of this effect on clinical efficacy requires additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL, USA.
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Caldas APS, Coelho OGL, Bressan J. Cranberry antioxidant power on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1409758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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40
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Chew B, Mathison B, Kimble L, McKay D, Kaspar K, Khoo C, Chen CYO, Blumberg J. Chronic consumption of a low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage attenuates inflammation and improves glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy overweight humans: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1223-1235. [PMID: 29476238 PMCID: PMC6499871 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We studied the health benefits of low calorie cranberry beverage consumption on glucoregulation, oxidative damage, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in overweight but otherwise healthy humans. Methods 78 overweight or obese men and women (30–70 years; BMI 27–35 kg/m2) with abdominal adiposity (waist: hip > 0.8 for women and > 0.9 for men; waist: height ≥ 0.5) consumed 450 mL placebo or low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry extract beverage (CEB) daily for 8 week in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design trial. Blood and urine samples were collected after overnight fast at baseline and after 8 weeks of daily beverage consumption. Blood and urine samples were also collected during 3 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) challenges: (1) pre-intervention without the test beverages, (2) following a single dose of placebo or CEB at baseline (week 0), and (3) following a single dose of placebo or CEB at 8 week. Results Compared to placebo, a single CEB dose at baseline lowered endothelin-1 and elevated nitric oxide and the reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (P < 0.05). Interferon-γ was elevated (P < 0.05) after a single CEB dose at baseline; however, after 8 week of CEB intervention, fasting C-reactive protein was lower (P < 0.05). CEB consumption for 8 week also reduced serum insulin and increased HDL cholesterol compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusions An acute dose of low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage improved antioxidant status, while 8 week daily consumption reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors by improving glucoregulation, downregulating inflammatory biomarkers, and increasing HDL cholesterol. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1643-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chew
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Bridget Mathison
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lindsey Kimble
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diane McKay
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang WY, Wu H, Li DJ, Song JF, Xiao YD, Liu CQ, Zhou JZ, Sui ZQ. Protective Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injuries in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1638-1648. [PMID: 29393642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry anthocyanins are considered protective of eye health because of their recognized antioxidant properties. In this study, blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), and malvidin-3-galactoside (Mv-3-gal) all reduced H2O2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. BAE and the anthocyanin standards enhanced cell viability from 63.69 ± 3.36 to 86.57 ± 6.92% (BAE), 115.72 ± 23.41% (Mv), 98.15 ± 9.39% (Mv-3-glc), and 127.97 ± 20.09% (Mv-3-gal) and significantly inhibited cell apoptosis (P < 0.01 for all). Mitogen-activated-protein-kinase pathways, including ERK1/2 and p38, were involved in the bioactivities. In addition, the anthocyanins decreased vascular-endothelial-cell-growth-factor levels and activated Akt-signal pathways. These combined results supported the hypothesis that blueberry anthocyanins could inhibit the induction and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yang Huang
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Da-Jing Li
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jiang-Feng Song
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ya-Dong Xiao
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Chun-Quan Liu
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhou
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, PR China
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42
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Tabart J, Auger C, Kevers C, Dommes J, Pollet B, Defraigne JO, Schini-Kerth VB, Pincemail J. The potency of commercial blackcurrant juices to induce relaxation in porcine coronary artery rings is not correlated to their antioxidant capacity but to their anthocyanin content. Nutrition 2018; 51-52:53-59. [PMID: 29605764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyphenol-rich products such as fruit juices have been found to have strong antioxidant capacities and to induce potent endothelium-dependent relaxation. We evaluated whether the commercial blackcurrant juices induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated coronary arteries can be related to their antioxidant capacity and/or phenolic content. METHODS Six different commercial blackcurrant juices were selected. Their main phenolic compounds were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by spectrometric methods. Vascular reactivity studies with these juices were done using isolated porcine coronary arteries. RESULTS The six different commercial blackcurrant juices induced relaxation ranging from 21% to 100% at the concentration of 0.5% volume per volume (v/v). The relaxation induced at 0.5% v/v was not correlated to their antioxidant capacity measured by either oxygen radical antioxidant capacity or DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays and also not to the ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, total flavanols, and total phenolic acid contents. In contrast, the amplitude of the relaxation was correlated to the total anthocyanins content and the individual anthocyanin concentration. CONCLUSIONS Correlations between relaxation amplitude and total anthocyanin or individual anthocyanin contents are of interest for the development of functional blackcurrant beverages with the potential to promote vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tabart
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Liège and CEDEVIT, Plant Biology Institute, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cyril Auger
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Kevers
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Liège and CEDEVIT, Plant Biology Institute, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Dommes
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Liège and CEDEVIT, Plant Biology Institute, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- CHU of Liège, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery/CREDEC/Plateforme Nutrition Antioxydante & Santé, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Joël Pincemail
- CHU of Liège, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery/CREDEC/Plateforme Nutrition Antioxydante & Santé, Liège, Belgium
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Celli GB, Ghanem A, Brooks MSL. A theoretical physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach for modeling the fate of anthocyanins in vivo. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3197-3207. [PMID: 27002538 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins (ACNs) and their metabolites have uncovered evidence for hitherto unknown physiological effects affecting the fate of these compounds in vivo. In particular, it has been shown that the stomach, in addition to the small intestine, has an important role in absorption. Most studies still use a noncompartmental or one-compartmental approach to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ACNs, which does not represent the anatomical and physiological conditions that a compound is subject to in the organism. Thus, the objective of this study was to review the current knowledge of the different processes involved in the metabolism of ACNs once ingested and, based on this information, propose a theoretical physiologically based, multicompartmental pharmacokinetic (PBMK) model to describe their fate in vivo. This is the first study that reports a PBMK model for ACNs; the model provides a more physiologically representative approach for ANC metabolism, which could be used as a basis for experimental designs and interspecies scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bonat Celli
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Amyl Ghanem
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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Is cytotoxicity a determinant of the different in vitro and in vivo effects of bioactives? Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:453. [PMID: 28882181 PMCID: PMC5590171 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin contain a wide range of bioactive compounds. Although human intervention studies are mandatory to assess the health effects of bioactives, the in vitro approach is often used to select the most promising molecules to be studied in vivo. To avoid misleading results, concentration and chemical form, exposure time, and potential cytotoxicity of the tested bioactives should be carefully set prior to any other experiments. METHODS In this study the possible cytotoxicity of different bioactives (docosahexaenoic acid, propionate, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, protocatechuic acid), was investigated in HepG2 cells using different methods. Bioactives were supplemented to cells at different concentrations within the physiological range in human blood, alone or in combination, considering two different exposure times. RESULTS Reported data clearly evidence that in vitro cytotoxicity is tightly related to the exposure time, and it varies among bioactives, which could exert a cytotoxic effect even at a concentration within the in vivo physiological blood concentration range. Furthermore, co-supplementation of different bioactives can increase the cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the importance of in vitro cytotoxicity screening that should be considered mandatory before performing studies aimed to evaluate the effect of bioactives on other cellular parameters. Although this study is far from the demonstration of a toxic effect of the tested bioactives when administered to humans, it represents a starting point for future research aimed at verifying the existence of a potential hazard due to the wide use of high doses of multiple bioactives.
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Silva Caldas AP, Chaves LO, Linhares Da Silva L, De Castro Morais D, Gonçalves Alfenas RDC. Mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effect of avocado consumption: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1352601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Selby-Pham SNB, Miller RB, Howell K, Dunshea F, Bennett LE. Physicochemical properties of dietary phytochemicals can predict their passive absorption in the human small intestine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1931. [PMID: 28512322 PMCID: PMC5434065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet high in phytochemical-rich plant foods is associated with reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Oxidative stress and inflammation (OSI) is the common component underlying these chronic diseases. Whilst the positive health effects of phytochemicals and their metabolites have been demonstrated to regulate OSI, the timing and absorption for best effect is not well understood. We developed a model to predict the time to achieve maximal plasma concentration (Tmax) of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. We used a training dataset containing 67 dietary phytochemicals from 31 clinical studies to develop the model and validated the model using three independent datasets comprising a total of 108 dietary phytochemicals and 98 pharmaceutical compounds. The developed model based on dietary intake forms and the physicochemical properties lipophilicity and molecular mass accurately predicts Tmax of dietary phytochemicals and pharmaceutical compounds over a broad range of chemical classes. This is the first direct model to predict Tmax of dietary phytochemicals in the human body. The model informs the clinical dosing frequency for optimising uptake and sustained presence of dietary phytochemicals in circulation, to maximise their bio-efficacy for positively affect human health and managing OSI in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, 3030, Australia
| | | | - Kate Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, 3030, Australia.
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Estimation of kinetic parameters of anthocyanins and color degradation in vitamin C fortified cranberry juice during storage. Food Res Int 2017; 94:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Conte R, Marturano V, Peluso G, Calarco A, Cerruti P. Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Phytocompounds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E709. [PMID: 28350317 PMCID: PMC5412295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytocompounds have been used in medicine for decades owing to their potential in anti-inflammatory applications. However, major difficulties in achieving sustained delivery of phyto-based drugs are related to their low solubility and cell penetration, and high instability. To overcome these disadvantages, nanosized delivery technologies are currently in use for sustained and enhanced delivery of phyto-derived bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical sector. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery of bioactive molecules of plant origin in the field of anti-inflammatory research. In particular, special attention is paid to the relationship between structure and properties of the nanocarrier and phytodrug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Conte
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marturano
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cynthia 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Calarco
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion of Cranberry (Poly)phenols in Humans: A Dose Response Study and Assessment of Inter-Individual Variability. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030268. [PMID: 28287476 PMCID: PMC5372931 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial health effects of cranberries have been attributed to their (poly)phenol content. Recent studies have investigated the absorption, metabolism and excretion of cranberry (poly)phenols; however, little is known about whether they follow a dose response in vivo at different levels of intake. An acute double-blind randomized controlled trial in 10 healthy men with cranberry juices containing 409, 787, 1238, 1534 and 1910 mg total (poly)phenols was performed. Blood and urine were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Sixty metabolites were identified in plasma and urine including cinnamic acids, dihydrocinnamic, flavonols, benzoic acids, phenylacetic acids, benzaldehydes, valerolactones, hippuric acids, catechols, and pyrogallols. Total plasma, but not excreted urinary (poly)phenol metabolites, exhibited a linear dose response (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.05), driven by caffeic acid 4-O-ß-d-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-ß-d-glucuronide, ferulic acid 4-O-ß-d-glucuronide, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid 3-O-ß-d-glucuronide, sinapic acid, ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid-4-O-sulfate, (4R)-5-(3′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-O-sulfate, 4-methylgallic acid-3-O-sulfate, and isoferulic acid 3-O-sulfate (all r2 ≥ 0.89, p < 0.05). Inter-individual variability of the plasma metabolite concentration was broad and dependent on the metabolite. Herein, we show that specific plasma (poly)phenol metabolites are linearly related to the amount of (poly)phenols consumed in cranberry juice. The large inter-individual variation in metabolite profile may be due to variations in the gut microbiome.
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50
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Wang Y, Singh AP, Nelson HN, Kaiser AJ, Reker NC, Hooks TL, Wilson T, Vorsa N. Urinary Clearance of Cranberry Flavonol Glycosides in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7931-7939. [PMID: 27690414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry is reported to have health benefits, including prevention of urinary tract infections and other chronic diseases, due to the high content of polyphenols, including flavonols and flavan-3-ols. The aim of this study was to determine the clearance of flavonol glycosides and flavan-3-ols and/or their metabolites in human urine. Ten healthy women volunteers ingested 240 mL of cranberry juice containing flavonol glycosides. Urine samples were collected at 0, 90, 225, and 360 min postingestion. While flavan-3-ols were not detected, five flavonol glycosides common in cranberry were identified. Quercetin-3-galactoside, the most abundant cranberry flavonol, exhibited the highest peak urine concentration (Cmax) of 1315 pg/mg creatinine, followed by quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, myricetin-3-arabinoside, and myricetin-3-galactoside. Quercetin-3-arabinoside showed delayed clearance, Cmax at 237 min (Tmax), relative to other flavonols (90-151 min). Both aglycone and the conjugated sugar moiety structure mediate the flavonol's bioavailability. Interindividual variation for bioavailability and clearance is also apparent. Metabolites, e.g. glucoronides, were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University , Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, United States
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