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Rahemi MH, Zhang Y, Li Z, Guan D, Li D, Fu H, Yu J, Lu J, Wang C, Feng R. The inverse associations of glycine and histidine in diet with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Nutr J 2024; 23:98. [PMID: 39175065 PMCID: PMC11340119 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are crucial for nutrition and metabolism, regulating metabolic pathways and activities vital to organismal health and stability. Glycine and histidine act as potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents; however, limited knowledge exists regarding the associations between these amino acids and hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dietary glycine and histidine, and hyperlipidemia and hypertension. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of dietary glycine and histidine, as well as their combined effect, on hyperlipidemia and hypertension in Chinese adults participating in the Nutrition Health Atlas Project (NHAP). General characteristics were acquired using a verified Internet-based Dietary Questionnaire for the Chinese. Binary logistic regression, along with gender, age groups, and median energy intake subgroup analyses, was employed to investigate the associations between dietary glycine and histidine and hyperlipidemia and hypertension. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of excluding individuals who smoke and consume alcohol on the results. RESULTS Based on the study's findings, 418 out of 1091 cases had hyperlipidemia, whereas 673 had hypertension. A significant inverse relationship was found between dietary glycine, histidine, and glycine + histidine and hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Compared with the 1st and 2nd tertiles, the multivariable-adjusted odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) (CIs) of the 3rd tertile of dietary glycine for hyperlipidemia and hypertension were 0.64 (0.49-0.84) (p < 0.01) and 0.70 (0.56-0.88) (p < 0.001); histidine was 0.63 (0.49-0.82) (p < 0.01) and 0.80 (0.64-0.99) (p < 0.01); and glycine + histidine was 0.64 (0.49-0.83) (p < 0.01) and 0.74 (0.59-0.92) (p < 0.001), respectively. High glycine and high histidine (HGHH) intake were negatively associated with hyperlipidemia and hypertension OR (95% CIs) were: 0.71 (0.58-0.88) (p < 0.01) and 0.73 (0.61-0.87) (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary glycine and histidine, as well as their HGHH group, revealed an inverse relationship with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haroon Rahemi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zican Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongwei Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Defang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junrong Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Rao S, Zhang Y, Xie S, Cao H, Zhang Z, Yang W. Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), serum BCAAs, and cardiometabolic risk markers among community-dwelling adults. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1835-1845. [PMID: 38809324 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between dietary/serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS In a cohort of 2791 participants, diet and cardiometabolic risk markers were measured twice at baseline in overall participants and after 1-year in a subset of 423 participants. We assessed serum BCAAs at baseline and arterial stiffness after 1-year. The cross-sectional associations between dietary/serum BCAAs and cardiometabolic risk markers were analyzed using baseline measurements by linear regression, while the 1-year longitudinal association were analyzed using repeated measurements by linear mixed-effects regression. RESULTS Higher BCAA intake from poultry was associated with lower triglycerides (β=-0.028, P = 0.027) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, β = 0.013, P = 0.006), while BCAAs in red and processed meat or fish were inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.025, P = 0.001) and total cholesterol (β = 0.012, P = 0.033), respectively. BCAAs in whole grains and nuts were associated with higher HDL-C (β = 0.011, P = 0.016), and lower TG (β=-0.021, P = 0.041) and diastolic blood pressure (β=-0.003, P = 0.027). Also, BCAAs from soy or vegetables and fruits were inversely associated with arterial stiffness (β=-0.018, P = 0.047) and systolic blood pressure (β=-0.011, P = 0.003), respectively. However, BCAAs in refined grains were positively associated with triglycerides (β = 0.037, P = 0.014). Total serum BCAAs were unfavorably associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk markers (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary BCAAs in poultry, whole grains and nuts, soy, and vegetables and fruits may be favorably, while BCAAs in red and processed meat, fish, and refined grains were unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic health. Serum BCAAs showed a detrimental association with cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxian Rao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yaozong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shaoyu Xie
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Niknam M, Pasdar Y, Izadi N. Dietary amino acid profile and risk of hypertension: findings from the Ravansar cohort study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38698490 PMCID: PMC11067075 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN. METHODS This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period. For each case, four controls were randomly selected through density sampling. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 125 food items was used to calculate dietary amino acid intake. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication in subjects without pre-existing HTN at the start of the cohort study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for HTN risk. RESULTS The median intake of all amino acids was lower in patients with HTN compared to the control group. After adjusting for various variables in different models, the risk of developing HTN tended to increase with higher dietary amino acid intake (excluding tryptophan and acidic amino acids). Specifically, individuals in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing new HTN than those individuals in the lowest tertile, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that there may be an association between increased dietary amino acid intake and the risk of developing HTN, although this association was not statistically significant in this study. Further investigations in diverse populations are needed to explore the relationship between amino acids and HTN, as well as to determine the potential positive and negative effects of specific amino acid patterns on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Grash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Nutritional Science Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Zheng JS, Steur M, Imamura F, Freisling H, Johnson L, van der Schouw YT, Tong TY, Weiderpass E, Bajracharya R, Crous-Bou M, Dahm CC, Heath AK, Ibsen DB, Jannasch F, Katzke V, Masala G, Moreno-Iribas C, Sacerdote C, Schulze MB, Sieri S, Wareham NJ, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Forouhi NG. Dietary intake of plant- and animal-derived protein and incident cardiovascular diseases: the pan-European EPIC-CVD case-cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1164-1174. [PMID: 38479550 PMCID: PMC11130694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests that a potential association between dietary protein intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend on the protein source, that is, plant- or animal-derived, but past research was limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of dietary plant- or animal-derived protein consumption with risk of CVD, and its components ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. METHODS This analysis in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-CVD case-cohort study included 16,244 incident CVD cases (10,784 IHD and 6423 stroke cases) and 15,141 subcohort members from 7 European countries. We investigated the association of estimated dietary protein intake with CVD, IHD, and stroke (total, fatal, and nonfatal) using multivariable-adjusted Prentice-weighted Cox regression. We estimated isocaloric substitutions of replacing fats and carbohydrates with plant- or animal-derived protein and replacing food-specific animal protein with plant protein. Multiplicative interactions between dietary protein and prespecified variables were tested. RESULTS Neither plant- nor animal-derived protein intake was associated with incident CVD, IHD, or stroke in adjusted analyses without or with macronutrient-specified substitution analyses. Higher plant-derived protein intake was associated with 22% lower total stroke incidence among never smokers [HR 0.78, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.62, 0.99], but not among current smokers (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.40, P-interaction = 0.004). Moreover, higher plant-derived protein (per 3% total energy) when replacing red meat protein (HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.88), processed meat protein (HR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.90), and dairy protein (HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98) was associated with lower incidence of fatal stroke. CONCLUSION Plant- or animal-derived protein intake was not associated with overall CVD. However, the association of plant-derived protein consumption with lower total stroke incidence among nonsmokers, and with lower incidence of fatal stroke highlights the importance of investigating CVD subtypes and potential interactions. These observations warrant further investigation in diverse populations with varying macronutrient intakes and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Marinka Steur
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Johnson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tammy Yn Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rashmita Bajracharya
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Ibsen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Jannasch
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano Via Venezian, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Chu C, Liu S, Nie L, Hu H, Liu Y, Yang J. The interactions and biological pathways among metabolomics products of patients with coronary heart disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116305. [PMID: 38422653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through bioinformatics analysis, this study explores the interactions and biological pathways involving metabolomic products in patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A comprehensive search for relevant studies focusing on metabolomics analysis in CHD patients was conducted across databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Nature, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct. Metabolites reported in the literature underwent statistical analysis and summarization, with the identification of differential metabolites. The pathways associated with these metabolites were examined using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Molecular annotation of metabolites and their relationships with enzymes or transporters were elucidated through analysis with the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Visual representation of the properties related to these metabolites was achieved using Metabolomics Pathway Analysis (metPA). RESULTS A total of 13 literatures satisfying the criteria for enrollment were included. A total of 91 metabolites related to CHD were preliminarily screened, and 87 effective metabolites were obtained after the unrecognized metabolites were excluded. A total of 45 pathways were involved. Through the topology analysis (TPA) of pathways, their influence values were calculated, and 13 major metabolic pathways were selected. The pathways such as Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism primarily involved the regulation of processes and metabolites related to inflammation, oxidative stress, one-carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and nitric oxide expression. CONCLUSION Multiple pathways, including Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, were involved in the occurrence of CHD. The occurrence of CHD is primarily associated with the regulation of processes and metabolites related to inflammation, oxidative stress, one-carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and nitric oxide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Liangui Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Hongming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.
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Anand SK, Governale TA, Zhang X, Razani B, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Rom O. Amino Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:510-524. [PMID: 38171450 PMCID: PMC10988767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatments and drug development, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a well-established driver of ASCVD. Unfortunately, even with potent lipid-lowering therapies, ASCVD-related deaths have continued to increase over the past decade, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the underlying risk factors and mechanisms of ASCVD. Accumulating evidence over the past decades indicates a correlation between amino acids and disease state. This review explores the emerging role of amino acid metabolism in ASCVD, uncovering novel potential biomarkers, causative factors, and therapeutic targets. Specifically, the significance of arginine and its related metabolites, homoarginine and polyamines, branched-chain amino acids, glycine, and aromatic amino acids, in ASCVD are discussed. These amino acids and their metabolites have been implicated in various processes characteristic of ASCVD, including impaired lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, and necrotic core development. Understanding the complex interplay between dysregulated amino acid metabolism and ASCVD provides new insights that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although further research is needed to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, it is evident that amino acid metabolism plays a role in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Theresea-Anne Governale
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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8
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Abdi F, Mohammadzadeh M, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M. Dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among subjects with obesity; a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38355488 PMCID: PMC10865612 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is a growing global public health concern. Certain dietary amino acids have been shown to have a potential therapeutic role in improving metabolic syndrome parameters and body composition in individuals with obesity. However, some amino acids have been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 335 participants with obesity (57.9% males and 41.5% females) from Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. The participants were between the ages of 20-50, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher, and free from certain medical conditions. The study examined participants' general characteristics, conducted anthropometric assessments, dietary assessments, and biochemical assessments. The study also used principal component analysis to identify amino acid intake patterns and determined the association between these patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. RESULTS Upon adjusting for potential confounders, the study found that individuals in the third tertiles of pattern 1 and 2 were more likely to have lower LDL levels (OR = 0.99 and 95% CI (0.98-0.99)) for both. Additionally, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the third tertiles of pattern 2 in model II (OR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.98-0.99)). These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of these amino acid patterns in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study found that two identified amino acid patterns were associated with lower serum LDL and total cholesterol levels, while a third pattern was associated with higher serum triglycerides. The specific amino acids contributing to these patterns highlight the importance of targeted dietary interventions in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abbasi H, Fahimfar N, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Dietary total, plant, and animal protein intake in relation to cardiovascular outcomes and inflammatory factors in elderly men: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1230-1244. [PMID: 38370059 PMCID: PMC10867484 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The source and amount of protein intake may influence cardiovascular and inflammatory risk, especially in elders who are often more vulnerable. However, findings on elders have been contradictory. Therefore, we examined the association between dietary total, plant, and animal protein intake in relation to cardiovascular outcomes and inflammatory factors in elderly men. The present cross-sectional study included 357 elderly men. A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. All biochemical factors including triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were also assessed. A significant inverse association was found between animal protein intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP; OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.91; ptrend = .014). There were significant inverse associations between plant protein intake and WC (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.68; ptrend < .001), FBS (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.89; ptrend = .018) and Hs-CRP (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70; ptrend = .002). Moreover, significant inverse associations were also found between total protein intake and SBP (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.86; ptrend = .010) and total protein and Hs-CRP (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.88; ptrend = .015). In elderly men, a high dietary intake of plant protein was associated with lower odds of having high WC, FBS, and Hs-CRP. In addition, high dietary intake of animal protein was associated with higher odds of having a high SBP level, which was explained by higher intake of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Abbasi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International HealthJohn Hopkins School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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10
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Kibera PW, Ofei-Tenkorang NA, Mullen C, Lear AM, Davidson EB. Food as medicine: a quasi-randomized control trial of two healthy food interventions for chronic disease management among ambulatory patients at an urban academic center. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2023; 24:e72. [PMID: 38126528 PMCID: PMC10790366 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, poor nutrition is a driver of many chronic diseases and is responsible for more deaths than any other risk factor. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the direct provision of healthy foods to patients to tackle diet-linked chronic diseases and mortality. AIM To assess the effect of two healthy food interventions in conjunction with nutrition counseling and education on select chronic disease markers, food insecurity, diet quality, depression, and on self-efficacy for healthy eating, healthy weight, and chronic disease management. METHODS This parallel-arm quasi-randomized control trial will be conducted between January 2022 and December 2023. Seventy adult patients recruited from a single academic medical center will be randomly assigned to receive either: i) daily ready-made frozen healthy meals or ii) a weekly produce box and recipes for 15 weeks. Participants will, additionally, take part in one individual nutrition therapy session and watch videos on healthy eating, weight loss, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Data on weight, height, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and diabetes and blood pressure medications will be collected in-person at the baseline visit and at 16 weeks from baseline and via medical chart review at six months and 12 months from enrollment. The primary outcome of the study is weight loss at 16 weeks from baseline. Pre- and post-intervention survey data will be analyzed for changes in food insecurity, diet quality, depression, as well as self-efficacy for health eating, healthy weight, and chronic disease management. Through retrospective chart review, patients who received standard of care will be matched to intervention group participants as controls based on body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and/or hypertension. FINDINGS By elucidating the healthy food intervention with better health outcomes, this study aims to offer evidence that can guide providers in their recommendations for healthy eating options to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peris W. Kibera
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Chanda Mullen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lear
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Elliot B. Davidson
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
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11
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Liu M, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Lee YS, Yap F, Chong MFF, Tint MT, Yang J, Burgner D, Zhang C, Li LJ. Maternal glycemic status during pregnancy and mid-childhood plasma amino acid profiles: findings from a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort. BMC Med 2023; 21:472. [PMID: 38031185 PMCID: PMC10688057 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing maternal glycaemia across the continuum during pregnancy may predispose offspring to subsequent cardiometabolic risk later in life. However, evidence of long-term impacts of maternal glycemic status on offspring amino acid (AA) profiles is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal antenatal glycaemia and offspring mid-childhood amino acid (AA) profiles, which are emerging cardiometabolic biomarkers. METHODS Data were drawn from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort. A subset of 422 mother-child dyads from the GUSTO study, who was followed from early pregnancy to mid-childhood, was included. Mothers underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 26-28 weeks gestation, with fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations measured and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed per WHO 1999 guidelines. Offspring fasting plasma samples were collected at mean age 6.1 years, from which AA profiles of nine AAs, alanine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were measured. Total branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were calculated as the sum of isoleucine, leucine, and valine concentrations. Multi-variable linear regression was used to estimate the association of maternal glycemic status and offspring mid-childhood AA profiles adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, maternal education, parity, family history of diabetes, ppBMI, child sex, age and BMI z-scores. RESULTS Approximately 20% of mothers were diagnosed with GDM. Increasing maternal fasting glucose was significantly associated with higher offspring plasma valine and total BCAAs, whereas higher 2-h glucose was significantly associated with higher histidine, isoleucine, valine, and total BCAAs. Offspring born to mothers with GDM had higher valine (standardized mean difference 0.27 SD; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.52), leucine (0.28 SD; 0.02, 0.53), and total BCAAs (0.26 SD; 0.01, 0.52) than their counterparts. Inconsistent associations were found between maternal GDM and other amino acids among offspring during mid-childhood. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal fasting and post-OGTT glucose concentrations at 26-28 weeks gestation were significantly associated with mid-childhood individual and total BCAAs concentrations. The findings suggest that elevated maternal glycaemia throughout pregnancy, especially GDM, may have persistent programming effects on offspring AA metabolism which were strongly associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles at mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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13
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Craig A, Kruger R, Gafane-Matemane LF, Louw R, Mels CMC. Early vascular ageing phenotypes and urinary targeted metabolomics in children and young adults: the ExAMIN Youth SA and African-PREDICT studies. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1049-1062. [PMID: 37328631 PMCID: PMC10514129 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals are susceptible to accelerated biological ageing, resulting in premature alterations in arterial structure and function. Identifying early-onset vascular ageing characterised by arterial stiffening is vital for intervention and preventive strategies. We stratified and phenotyped healthy children (5-9 yrs) and young adults (20-30 yrs) into their vascular ageing extremes established by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) percentiles (i.e., healthy vascular ageing (HVA) and early vascular ageing (EVA)). We compared anthropometric, cardiovascular, and metabolomic profiles and explored associations between cfPWV and urinary metabolites. Children and adults in the EVA groups displayed higher levels of adiposity, cardiovascular, and lifestyle risk factors (adults only) (all p ≤ 0.018). In adults, several urinary metabolites were lower in the EVA group (all q ≤ 0.039) when compared to the HVA group, with no differences observed in children. In multiple regression analysis (adults only), we found inverse associations between cfPWV with histidine (adj. R2 = 0.038; β = -0.192; p = 0.013) and beta-alanine (adj. R2 = 0.034; β = -0.181; p = 0.019) in the EVA group, but with arginine (adj. R2 = 0.021; β = -0.160; p = 0.024) in the HVA group. The inverse associations of beta-alanine and histidine with cfPWV in the EVA group is suggestive that asymptomatic young adults who present with an altered metabolomic and less desired cardiovascular profile in combination with unfavourable lifestyle behaviours may be predisposed to early-onset vascular ageing. Taken together, screening on both a phenotypic and metabolic level may prove important in the early detection, prevention, and intervention of advanced biological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Craig
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lebo F Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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14
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Kim H, Appel LJ, Lichtenstein AH, Wong KE, Chatterjee N, Rhee EP, Rebholz CM. Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Blood Pressure Reduction in Response to the DASH and DASH-Sodium Dietary Interventions. Hypertension 2023; 80:1494-1506. [PMID: 37161796 PMCID: PMC10262995 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets reduced blood pressure (BP) in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We identified metabolites associated with systolic BP or diastolic BP (DBP) changes induced by dietary interventions (DASH versus control arms) in 2 randomized controlled feeding studies-the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was conducted in serum and urine samples collected at the end of diet interventions: DASH (n=219) and DASH-Sodium (n=395). Using multivariable linear regression models, associations were examined between metabolites and change in systolic BP and DBP. Tested for interactions between diet interventions and metabolites were the following comparisons: (1) DASH versus control diets in the DASH trial (serum), (2) DASH high-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine), and (3) DASH low-sodium versus control high-sodium diets in the DASH-Sodium trial (urine). RESULTS Sixty-five significant interactions were identified (DASH trial [serum], 12; DASH high sodium [urine], 35; DASH low sodium [urine], 18) between metabolites and systolic BP or DBP. In the DASH trial, serum tryptophan betaine was associated with reductions in DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, 0.023). In the DASH-Sodium trial, urine levels of N-methylglutamate and proline derivatives (eg, stachydrine, 3-hydroxystachydrine, N-methylproline, and N-methylhydroxyproline) were associated with reductions in systolic BP or DBP in participants consuming the DASH diets but not control diets (P interaction, <0.05 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolites that were associated with BP lowering in response to dietary interventions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03403166; Unique identifier: NCT03403166 (DASH trial). URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT00000608; Unique identifier: NCT00000608 (DASH-Sodium trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A., C.M.R.)
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (A.H.L.)
| | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC (K.E.W.)
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics (N.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Nephrology Division and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (E.P.R.)
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (H.K., L.J.A., C.M.R.)
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Jud P, Meinitzer A, Strohmaier H, Arefnia B, Wimmer G, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Foris V, Kovacs G, Odler B, Moazedi-Fürst F, Brodmann M, Hafner F. Association of amino acids and parameters of bone metabolism with endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathic changes in limited systemic sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193121. [PMID: 37425312 PMCID: PMC10327605 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pathways contributing to endothelial dysfunction in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate potential associations of amino acids and parameters of bone metabolism with endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy-related changes in patients with lcSSc and early-stage vasculopathy. Methods Amino acids, calciotropic parameters, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone turnover parameters, including osteocalcin and N-terminal peptide of procollagen-3 (P3NP), were measured in 38 lcSSc patients and 38 controls. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by biochemical parameters, pulse-wave analysis, flow-mediated and nitroglycerine-mediated dilation. Additionally, vasculopathy-related and SSc-specific clinical changes including capillaroscopic, skin, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and periodontal parameters were recorded. Results No significant differences in amino acids, calciotropic and bone turnover parameters were observed between lcSSc patients and controls. In patients with lcSSc, several significant correlations were found between selected amino acids, parameters of endothelial dysfunction, vasculopathy-related and SSc-specific clinical changes (all with p < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed between PTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with homoarginine, and between osteocalcin, PTH and P3NP with modified Rodnan skin score and selected periodontal parameters (all with p < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/ml was associated with the presence of puffy finger (p = 0.046) and early pattern (p = 0.040). Conclusion Selected amino acids may affect endothelial function and may be associated to vasculopathy-related and clinical changes in lcSSc patients, while the association with parameters of bone metabolism seems to be minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jud
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Strohmaier
- Center of Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Behrouz Arefnia
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Wimmer
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Balazs Odler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florentine Moazedi-Fürst
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marianne Brodmann
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Hafner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Lépine G, Huneau JF, Rémond D, Mathé V, David J, Hermier D, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lefranc-Millot C, Poupin N, Mariotti F, Polakof S, Fouillet H. Compared with Milk Protein, a Wheat and Pea Protein Blend Reduces High-Fat, High-Sucrose Induced Metabolic Dysregulations while Similarly Supporting Tissue Protein Anabolism in Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:645-656. [PMID: 36931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant proteins (PPs) have been associated with better cardiovascular health than animal proteins (APs) in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES Using a combination of cutting-edge isotopic methods, we aimed to better characterize the differences in protein and energy metabolisms induced by dietary protein sources (PP compared with AP) in a prudent or western dietary context. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 44, 8 wk old) were fed for 4.5 mo with isoproteic diets differing in their protein isolate sources, either AP (100% milk) or PP (50%:50% pea: wheat) and being normal (NFS) or high (HFS) in sucrose (6% or 15% kcal) and saturated fat (7% or 20% kcal), respectively. We measured body weight and composition, hepatic enzyme activities and lipid content, and plasma metabolites. In the intestine, liver, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles, we concomitantly assessed the extent of amino acid (AA) trafficking using a 15N natural abundance method, the rates of macronutrient routing to dispensable AA using a 13C natural abundance method, and the metabolic fluxes of protein synthesis (PS) and de novo lipogenesis using a 2H labeling method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mixed models. RESULTS At the whole-body level, PP limited HFS-induced insulin resistance (-27% in HOMA-IR between HFS groups, P < 0.05). In the liver, PP induced lower lipid content (-17%, P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (-24%, P < 0.05). In the different tissues studied, PP induced higher AA transamination accompanied by higher routings of dietary carbohydrates and lipids toward dispensable AA synthesis by glycolysis and β-oxidation, resulting in similar tissue PS and protein mass. CONCLUSIONS In growing rats, compared with AP, a balanced blend of PP similarly supports protein anabolism while better limiting whole-body and tissue metabolic dysregulations through mechanisms related to their less optimal AA profile for direct channeling to PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérémie David
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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17
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Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Park W, Lee J, Hong K, Park HY, Park S, Kim N, Park J. Protein-Added Healthy Lunch-Boxes Combined with Exercise for Improving Physical Fitness and Vascular Function in Pre-Frail Older Women: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:13-27. [PMID: 36636457 PMCID: PMC9830714 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s391700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preventive or therapeutic interventions are key to maintaining independence in pre-frail and/or frail elderly. Therefore, we investigated whether multi-component interventions were effective in physical fitness levels and vascular functions in pre-frail older women. Patients and Methods Sixty participants aged ≥ 65 years (81.5 ± 4.3 yrs) were divided equally into control group, diet group, aerobic exercise and diet group, and aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group. For 8 weeks, the participants received a set of protein-added meals twice daily on weekdays. The aerobic exercise groups performed 45 mins of stepping exercise at 50-70% of the maximal heart rate for 3 days/week, and the aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation was applied on each limb in 8 weeks. Blood pressure, physical fitness, cardiovascular biomarkers, pulse wave velocity, and flow-mediated dilation were measured before and after the 8-week. Results There were no group differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, free fat mass, and %body fat at baseline. The right grip strength significantly increased in the diet group, aerobic exercise and diet group, and aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group (p < 0.05). Short physical performance battery, 6-min walking distance, and flow-mediated dilation significantly increased in the aerobic exercise and diet group and aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group (p < 0.05). Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity did not differ between interventions. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels significantly increased after 8 weeks in all intervention groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, nitric oxide, and C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion These results show that multi-component interventions appear to improve physical fitness and vascular function in pre-frail older women. Thus, possible strategies to prevent early frailty including proper nutrition and exercise may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Park
- Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Physical Education Laboratory, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Lee
- Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Correspondence: Jonghoon Park, Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea, Tel/Fax +82 (2) 3290-2315, Email
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19
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Arjmand B, Dehghanbanadaki H, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Mohammadi Fateh S, Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi R, Najjar N, Hosseinkhani S, Tayanloo-beik A, Adibi H, Farzadfar F, Larijani B, Razi F. Association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension: A nationwide metabolomics study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279835. [PMID: 36649284 PMCID: PMC9844860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of metabolomics profile in subjects with different blood pressure, including normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension, would be a promising strategy to understand the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension in a large Iranian population. METHODS 1200 randomly selected subjects from the national survey on the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran (STEPs 2016) were divided into four groups based on the ACC/AHA hypertension criteria: normal blood pressure (n = 293), elevated blood pressure (n = 135), stage 1 hypertension (n = 325), and stage 2 hypertension (n = 447). Plasma concentrations of 30 acylcarnitines and 20 amino acids were measured using a targeted approach with flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the association between metabolites level and the risk of hypertension. Age, sex, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, use of oral glucose-lowering drugs, statins, and antihypertensive drugs were adjusted in regression analysis. RESULTS Of 50 metabolites, 34 were associated with an increased likelihood of stage 2 hypertension and 5 with a decreased likelihood of stage 2 hypertension. After full adjustment for potential confounders, 5 metabolites were still significant risk markers for stage 2 hypertension including C0 (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.63, 0.90), C12 (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.40), C14:1 (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.42), C14:2 (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.41), and glycine (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.68, 0.96). An index that included glycine and serine also showed significant predictive value for stage 2 hypertension after full adjustment (OR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.75, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Five metabolites were identified as potentially valuable predictors of stage 2 hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-beik
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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20
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Strauss-Kruger M, van Zyl T, Pieters M, Kruger R, Mokwatsi G, Gafane-Matemane L, Mbongwa H, Jacobs A, Schutte AE, Louw R, Mels C. Urinary metabolomics, dietary salt intake and blood pressure: the African-PREDICT study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:175-186. [PMID: 36229536 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In Black populations excessive salt intake may exacerbate the genetic predisposition to hypertension and promote the early onset of cardiovascular disease. Ethnic differences in the interaction between sodium intake and the metabolome may play a part in hypertension and cardiovascular disease development. We determined (1) urinary amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles of young Black and White adults according to low, moderate, and high dietary salt intake, and (2) investigated the triad of salt intake, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the associated metabolomics profile. This study included 447 White and 380 Black adults aged 20-30 years from the African-PREDICT study. Estimated salt intake was determined from 24-hour urinary sodium levels. Urinary amino acids and acylcarnitines were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Black adults exhibited no significant differences in SBP, amino acids, or acylcarnitines across low (<5g/day), moderate (5-10g/day), and high (>10g/day) salt intake. White adults with a high salt intake had elevated SBP compared to those with low or moderate intakes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (q = 0.020), citrulline (q = 0.020), glutamic acid (q = 0.046), serine (q = 0.054) and proline (q = 0.054) were lowest in those with higher salt intake. Only in White and not Black adults did we observe inverse associations of clinic SBP with GABA (Adj. R2 = 0.34; Std. β = -0.133; p = 0.003), serine (Adj. R2 = 0.33; Std. β = -0.109; p = 0.014) and proline (Adj. R2 = 0.33; Std. β = -0.109; p = 0.014). High salt intake in White, but not in black adults, were related to metabolomic changes and may contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms associated with increased BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michél Strauss-Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Marlien Pieters
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Gontse Mokwatsi
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Lebo Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Mbongwa
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Mahikeng, 2745, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Adriaan Jacobs
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Carina Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa.
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North-West Province, South Africa.
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21
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Vukovic V, Hantikainen E, Raftopoulou A, Gögele M, Rainer J, Domingues FS, Pramstaller PP, Garcia-Larsen V, Pattaro C. Association of dietary proteins with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in a general population sample: the CHRIS study. J Nephrol 2023; 36:103-114. [PMID: 35930180 PMCID: PMC9894942 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is known to affect kidney function. However, population-based studies provide contrasting evidence, resulting in a poor understanding of the effect of proteins from specific foods on kidney health. METHODS We analyzed the effect of total daily protein intake (TDPI) and source-specific daily protein intake (DPI) on fasting serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) cross-sectional study (n = 5889), using the GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire for TDPI and DPI estimation. We fitted multivariable adjusted mixed models of SCr and eGFR on TDPI and DPI quartiles (Q1-Q4) in the overall sample, and after removing individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD). RESULTS Higher TDPI as well as DPI from overall animal sources, fish, and poultry, were associated with higher SCr (trend test p, ptrend < 0.01), with larger effect after excluding individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or CKD. The eGFR was lower at higher TDPI (Q4 vs Q1: - 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI - 2.5, - 0.7; ptrend = 3e-4) and DPI from fish (Q4 vs Q1: - 2.1 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI - 2.9, - 1.20; ptrend = 4.3e-6), overall animal source (Q4 vs Q1: - 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI -2.5, - 0.8), processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: - 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.027), red meat, offal and processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: - 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015) and poultry (Q4 vs Q1: - 0.9 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS TDPI and DPI from specific animal sources were positively associated with SCr and negatively associated with eGFR. Lacking an alternative marker of kidney function, confounding involving muscle mass metabolism cannot be fully excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vukovic
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia. .,Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Essi Hantikainen
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Athina Raftopoulou
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Martin Gögele
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francisco S Domingues
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Via Volta 21, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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22
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Adiposity and insulin resistance mediate the inverse association between legume intake and blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2353-2362. [PMID: 34937583 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between legume intake and blood pressure, as well as the mediating role of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical and food intake data were collected from the baseline of the multicentre study Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial - BALANCE (RCT: NCT01620398). The relationships between variables were explored through path analysis. In total, 2247 individuals with a median age of 63·0 (45-91) years, 58·8 % (n 1321) male and 96·5 % (n 2168) with diagnosis of hypertension were included. Negative associations were observed between histidine intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardised coefficient (SC) = -0·057; P = 0·012) and between legume intake and BMI (SC = -0·061; P = 0·006). BMI was positively associated with triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index (SC = 0·173; P < 0·001), SBP (SC = 0·144; P < 0·001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SC = 0·177; P < 0·001), and TyG index was positively associated with DBP (SC = 0·079; P = 0·001). A negative indirect effect was observed between the intake of legumes, SBP and DBP, mediated by BMI (SC = -0·009; P = 0·011; SC = -0·011; P = 0·010, respectively). In addition, an indirect negative effect was found between the intake of legumes and the DBP, mediated simultaneously by BMI and TyG index (SC = -0·001; P = 0·037). In conclusion, legume intake presented a negative indirect association with blood pressure, mediated by insulin resistance (TyG) and adiposity (BMI) in individuals of secondary care in cardiology.
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Maki KA, Ganesan SM, Meeks B, Farmer N, Kazmi N, Barb JJ, Joseph PV, Wallen GR. The role of the oral microbiome in smoking-related cardiovascular risk: a review of the literature exploring mechanisms and pathways. J Transl Med 2022; 20:584. [PMID: 36503487 PMCID: PMC9743777 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Oral health is associated with smoking and cardiovascular outcomes, but there are gaps in knowledge of many mechanisms connecting smoking to cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesize literature on smoking and the oral microbiome, and smoking and cardiovascular risk/disease, respectively. A secondary aim is to identify common associations between the oral microbiome and cardiovascular risk/disease to smoking, respectively, to identify potential shared oral microbiome-associated mechanisms. We identified several oral bacteria across varying studies that were associated with smoking. Atopobium, Gemella, Megasphaera, Mycoplasma, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Treponema, and Veillonella were increased, while Bergeyella, Haemophilus, Lautropia, and Neisseria were decreased in the oral microbiome of smokers versus non-smokers. Several bacteria that were increased in the oral microbiome of smokers were also positively associated with cardiovascular outcomes including Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema, and Veillonella. We review possible mechanisms that may link the oral microbiome to smoking and cardiovascular risk including inflammation, modulation of amino acids and lipids, and nitric oxide modulation. Our hope is this review will inform future research targeting the microbiome and smoking-related cardiovascular disease so possible microbial targets for cardiovascular risk reduction can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Sukirth M. Ganesan
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, 801 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Brianna Meeks
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nicole Farmer
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.280738.60000 0001 0035 9863National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- grid.410305.30000 0001 2194 5650Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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Baker LAA, Aldin SZJ. Association of some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among males with hypertension in the camps of Nineveh province-Iraq. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY = JOURNAL DE LA THERAPEUTIQUE DES POPULATIONS ET DE LA PHARMACOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2022; 29:e167-e176. [PMID: 36473728 DOI: 10.47750/jptcp.2022.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a significant public health problem that affects people all over the world. Various epidemiologic researches have been conducted to reveal the relationship between hypertension and several biochemical markers. The goal of this project was to investigate the electrolytes, glucose, total protein, and lipid profile in people with normal and high blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2020 and 2022, a case-control study was done. Two hundred and eighteen males, age ranging from 30 to 70, took part in the study. The conventional flame photometric method was used to evaluate serum electrolytes, whereas kits from Biolab Company's kits were used to quantify serum calcium, serum glucose, and lipid profile. RESULTS When compared to normotension males, hypertension males had considerably greater salt, chloride, and potassium levels in their blood, but no significant variations in calcium levels. When compared to normotension males, hypertension individuals had considerably higher mean glucose, total cholesterol, low, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Many amino acids were identified in the blood of male hypertension patients, consisting of leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, histidine, glycine, arginine, alanine, methionine, valine, and phenylalanine. CONCLUSIONS In this group, hypertension males have a different lipid and electrolyte profile than normotensive males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Abd Almunim Baker
- Biochemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Mosul, Iraq;
| | - Shaymaa Zuhir Jalal Aldin
- Clinical Biochemistry College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Mosul, Iraq
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25
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Santiago-Díaz P, Rico M, Rivero A, Santana-Casiano M. Bioactive metabolites of microalgae from Canary Islands for functional food and feed uses. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200230. [PMID: 35970767 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three freshwater microalgae ( Spirogyra sp ., Cosmarium sp . , and Cosmarium blytii ) collected from several locations in Gran Canaria have been studied to explore their potential as a novel source of bioactive compounds for biotechnological applications. Soluble carbohydrates were quantified after extraction with 3M HCl at 100ºC, ranging from 35.8 to 43.3%, and with water at room temperature, ranging from 19 to 22.8%. Amino acids glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid were quantified by RP-HPLC. Glutamic acid was the most abundant, ranging from 12.2 to 3.63 mg g -1 of dry biomass. Cosmarium blytii was the richest sample in amino acids (24.02 mg g -1 of dry weight). In addition, Cosmarium blytii and Spyrogira sp. exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (RSA) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as food additive. These results show a great potential of these microalgae for exploitation in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santiago-Díaz
- Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, chemistry, carretera de Tafira s/n, 35001, Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, SPAIN
| | - Milagros Rico
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Chemistry, carretera de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SPAIN
| | - Argimiro Rivero
- Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, chemistry, carretera de Tafira s/n, 35001, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SPAIN
| | - Magdalena Santana-Casiano
- Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, chemistry, carretera de Tafina s/n, 35017, las palmas de gran canaria, SPAIN
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Sun G. Association between Excessive Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Intake and Hypertension Risk in Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132582. [PMID: 35807761 PMCID: PMC9268479 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) has been reported to be associated with both elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension risk, while published findings were inconsistent, and the causality has never been well disclosed. We performed this prospective study aiming to find out the relationship between dietary BCAAs intake and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. A total of 8491 participants (40,285 person-years) were selected. The levels of dietary BCAAs intake were estimated using the 24-h Food Frequency Questionnaire. Associations of both BP values and hypertension risk with per standard deviation increase of BCAAs were estimated using linear and COX regression analysis, respectively. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were given. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was used to estimate the nonlinearity. Both systolic and diastolic BP values at the end points of follow-up were positively associated with dietary BCAAs intake. Positive associations between BCAAs intake and hypertension risk were shown in both men and women. By performing a RCS analysis, the nonlinear relationship between BCAAs intake and hypertension was shown. As the intake levels of Ile, Leu, and Val, respectively, exceeded 2.49 g/day, 4.91 g/day, and 2.88 g/day in men (2.16 g/day, 3.84 g/day, and 2.56 g/day in women), the hypertension risk increased. Our findings could provide some concrete evidence in the primary prevention of hypertension based on dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China;
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Xuheng Jiang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuanhong Liang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yongfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
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28
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Yang P, Zhou L, Chen M, Zeng L, Ouyang Y, Zheng X, Chen X, Yang Z, Tian Z. Supplementation of amino acids and organic acids prevents the increase in blood pressure induced by high salt in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:891-903. [PMID: 34994761 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A high-salt (HS) diet leads to metabolic disorders in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats, and promotes the development of hypertension. According to the changes in the metabolites of SS rats, a set of combined dietary supplements containing amino acids and organic acids (AO) were designed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of AO supplementation on the blood pressure of SS rats after the HS diet and clarify the mechanism of AO by metabolomics and biochemical analyses. The results showed that AO supplementation avoided the elevation of blood pressure induced by the HS diet in SS rats, increased the renal antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), reduced the H2O2 and MDA levels, and restored the normal antioxidant status of the serum and kidneys. AO also reversed the decrease in the nitric oxide (NO) levels and NO synthase activity induced by the HS feed, which involved the L-arginine/NO pathway. Metabolomics analysis showed that AO administration increased the levels of amino acids such as cysteine, glycine, hypotaurine, and lysine in the renal medulla and the levels of leucine, isoleucine, and serine in the renal cortex. Of note, lysine, hypotaurine and glycine had higher metabolic centrality in the metabolic correlation network of the renal medulla after AO administration. In conclusion, AO intervention could prevent HS diet-induced hypertension in SS rats by restoring the metabolic homeostasis of the kidneys. Hence, AO has the potential to become a functional food additive to improve salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Luxin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yanan Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Zheng J, Zhu T, Yang G, Zhao L, Li F, Park YM, Tabung FK, Steck SE, Li X, Wang H. The Isocaloric Substitution of Plant-Based and Animal-Based Protein in Relation to Aging-Related Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020272. [PMID: 35057453 PMCID: PMC8781188 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based and animal-based protein intake have differential effects on various aging-related health outcomes, but less is known about the health effect of isocaloric substitution of plant-based and animal-based protein. This systematic review summarized current evidence of the isocaloric substitutional effect of plant-based and animal-based protein on aging-related health outcomes. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for epidemiologic observational studies published in English up to 15 March 2021. Studies that included adults ≥18 years old; use of a nutritional substitution model to define isocaloric substitution of plant protein and animal protein; health outcomes covering mortality, aging-related diseases or indices; and reported association estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were included. Nine cohort studies and 3 cross-sectional studies were identified, with a total of 1,450,178 subjects included in this review. Consistent and significant inverse association of substituting plant protein for various animal proteins on all-cause mortality was observed among 4 out of 5 studies with relative risks (RRs) from 0.54 to 0.95 and on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among all 4 studies with RRs from 0.58 to 0.91. Among specific animal proteins, the strongest inverse association on all-cause and CVD mortality was identified when substituting plant protein for red and/or processed meat protein, with the effect mainly limited to bread, cereal, and pasta protein when replacing red meat protein. Isocaloric substitution of plant-based protein for animal-based protein might prevent all-cause and CVD-specific mortality. More studies are needed on this topic, particularly for cancer incidence and other specific aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tianren Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.Z.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.Z.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.W.)
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30
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Xu B, Wang M, Pu L, Shu C, Li L, Han L. Association of dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids with long-term risks of CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-11. [PMID: 34930509 PMCID: PMC9991783 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) intake and long-term risks of CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality in nationwide survey participants aged ≥ 18. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. Dietary intakes of BCAA (leucine, isoleucine and valine) were determined from the total nutrient intake document. The main outcomes were CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality. SETTING A nationally representative sample of US adults were recruited by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) from 1988 to 1994. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 397 adults aged ≥ 18 who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) were included. RESULTS During 289 406 person-years of follow-up, we identified 4219 deaths, including 1133 from CVD and 926 from cancer. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality in the highest dietary BCAA and isoleucine intake quintile (reference: lowest quintiles) were 0·68 (0·48, 0·97) and 0·68 (0·48, 0·97), respectively. Each one-standard-deviation increase in total dietary BCAA or isoleucine intake was associated with an 18 % or 21 % decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. The serum triglyceride (TAG) concentration was found to modify the association between the dietary BCAA intake and all-cause mortality (Pfor interaction = 0·008). CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative cohort, higher dietary intakes of BCAA and isoleucine were independently associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, and these associations were stronger in participants with higher serum TAG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Department of Nutrition, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Shu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Mompeo O, Berry SE, Spector TD, Menni C, Mangino M, Gibson R. Differential associations between a priori diet quality scores and markers of cardiovascular health in women: cross-sectional analyses from TwinsUK. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1017-1027. [PMID: 33298202 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000495x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide and, after dementia, is the second biggest cause of death for women. In England, it accounts for one in four of all deaths. Lifestyle modifications represent the primary route both to reduce CVD risk factors and prevent CVD outcomes. Diet constitutes one of the key modifiable risk factors in the aetiology of CVD. We investigated the relationship between nine main dietary indices and a comprehensive range of CVD risk factors in 2590 women from TwinsUK. After adjustment for multiple testing, we found that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was inversely correlated with some of the most common CVD risk factors (BMI, visceral fat (VF), TAG, insulin, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk) with PFDR ranging from 6·28 × 10-7 to 5·63 × 10-4. Similar association patterns were detected across most of the dietary indices analysed. In our post hoc investigation, to determine if any specific food groups were driving associations between the DASH score and markers of cardiometabolic risk, we found that increased BMI, VF, HOMA2-IR, ASCVD risk, insulin and TAG levels were directly correlated with red meat consumption (PFDR ranging from 4·65 × 10-9 to 7·98 × 10-3) and inversely correlated with whole-grain cereal consumption (PFDR ranging from 1·26 × 10-6 to 8·28 × 10-3). Our findings revealed that the DASH diet is associated with a more favourable CVD risk profile, suggesting that this diet may be a candidate dietary pattern to supplement current UK dietary recommendations for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Mompeo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, LondonSE1 9NH, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, LondonSE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, LondonSE1 9NH, UK
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Chumachenko MS, Waseem TV, Fedorovich SV. Metabolomics and metabolites in ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:181-205. [PMID: 34213842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major reason for disability and the second highest cause of death in the world. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, it is necessary to identify the type of stroke, and the likelihood for development of a recurrent stroke, vascular dementia, and depression. These factors could be determined using different biomarkers. Metabolomics is a very promising strategy for identification of biomarkers. The advantage of metabolomics, in contrast to other analytical techniques, resides in providing low molecular weight metabolite profiles, rather than individual molecule profiles. Technically, this approach is based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, variations in metabolite concentrations during brain ischemia could alter the principal neuronal functions. Different markers associated with ischemic stroke in the brain have been identified including those contributing to risk, acute onset, and severity of this pathology. In the brain, experimental studies using the ischemia/reperfusion model (IRI) have shown an impaired energy and amino acid metabolism and confirmed their principal roles. Literature data provide a good basis for identifying markers of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke and understanding metabolic mechanisms of these diseases. This opens an avenue for the successful use of identified markers along with metabolomics technologies to develop fast and reliable diagnostic tools for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Chumachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
| | | | - Sergei V Fedorovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
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Perfilova VN, Kustova MV, Popova TA, Khusainova GH, Prokofiev II, Nesterova KI, Tyurenkov IN. Cardioprotective effects of a new glutamic acid derivative in chronic alcohol intoxication. Alcohol 2021; 93:1-10. [PMID: 33737055 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for heart damage and deterioration of its inotropic function. Currently, there is no pathogenetic pharmacological treatment for alcohol-induced myocardial injury. Therefore, the study of drugs with cardioprotective action is of current interest. Our earlier studies of stress-induced heart damage showed that a new derivative of glutamic acid - glufimet - protects the myocardium's inotropic function and limits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, we found that it increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improves mitochondrial respiration. The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of glufimet on the heart after chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI). The comparison drug was mildronate, which possesses cardioprotective properties and is used to treat alcohol withdrawal. We conducted our study using female Wistar rats (10 months old, 280-320 g). CAI was simulated by replacing drinking water with a 10% ethanol solution sweetened with sucrose (50 g/L) over a period of 24 weeks. The day after the animals stopped ethanol solution drinking, the control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a saline solution once a day for 14 days, while the experimental groups received glufimet (28.7 mg/kg) and the drug of comparison mildronate (50 mg/kg), respectively. After that, we studied the heart contractility by measuring volume load, adrenergic reactivity, and maximum isometric load. Under CAI, the control group showed significantly lower growth in left ventricular pressure (LVP), myocardium contraction rate, and relaxation rate during functional tests. Higher concentrations of LPO products (malondialdehyde) and low activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), indicating a disturbance in mitochondrial respiration compared to the control group, were registered. While being treated with glufimet and mildronate, the animals demonstrated higher growth rates of myocardial contraction, myocardial relaxation, and LVP, compared to the control group. Mitochondrial functioning and activity of the antioxidant enzymes increased in the same group as well.
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Wang Z, Cheng C, Yang X, Zhang C. L-phenylalanine attenuates high salt-induced hypertension in Dahl SS rats through activation of GCH1-BH4. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250126. [PMID: 33857222 PMCID: PMC8049246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism plays an important role in controlling blood pressure by regulating the production of NO and ROS. The present study examined amino acid levels in the serum of Dahl SS rats and SS.13BN rats fed a low or high salt diet. We observed that 8 of 27 amino acids responded to a high salt diet in SS rats. Thus, we hypothesized that a defect in amino acids may contribute to the development of salt-induced hypertension. L-phenylalanine was used to treat SS rats with a low or high salt diet. The results demonstrated that L-phenylalanine supplementation significantly enhanced the serum nitrite levels and attenuated the high salt-induced hypertension in SS rats. Low levels of BH4 and nitrite and the impaired vascular response to acetylcholine were rescued by L-phenylalanine supplementation. Moreover, increased GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1) mRNA, levels of BH4 and nitrite, and reduced superoxide production were observed in the kidneys of hypertensive SS rats with L-phenylalanine. The antihypertensive effects of L-phenylalanine might be mediated by enhancing BH4 biosynthesis and decreasing superoxide production from NO synthase, thereby protecting vascular and kidney function with reduced ROS and elevated NO levels. The present study demonstrated that L-phenylalanine supplementation restored vascular function, suggesting L-phenylalanine represented a potential target to attenuate high salt-sensitive hypertension through GCH1-BH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (CZ)
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (CZ)
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Sun Y, Liu B, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB, Shadyab AH, Kroenke CH, Haring B, Howard BV, Shikany JM, Valdiviezo C, Bao W. Association of Major Dietary Protein Sources With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e015553. [PMID: 33624505 PMCID: PMC8174240 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Dietary recommendations regarding protein intake have been focused on the amount of protein. However, such recommendations without considering specific protein sources may be simplistic and insufficient. Methods and Results We included 102 521 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998, and followed them through February 2017. During 1 876 205 person‐years of follow‐up, 25 976 deaths occurred. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, plant protein intake was inversely associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91 [0.86, 0.96]), cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), and dementia mortality (HR, 0.79 [0.67, 0.94]). Among major protein sources, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of consumption, processed red meat (HR, 1.06 [1.01, 1.10]) or eggs (HR, 1.14 [1.10, 1.19]) was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality. Unprocessed red meat (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]), eggs (HR, 1.24 [1.14, 1.34]), or dairy products (HR, 1.11 [1.02, 1.22]) was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Egg consumption was associated with higher risk of cancer mortality (HR, 1.10 [1.02, 1.19]). Processed red meat consumption was associated with higher risk of dementia mortality (HR, 1.20 [1.05, 1.32]), while consumption of poultry (HR, 0.85 [0.75, 0.97]) or eggs (HR, 0.86 [0.75, 0.98]) was associated with lower risk of dementia mortality. In substitution analysis, substituting of animal protein with plant protein was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality, and substitution of total red meat, eggs, or dairy products with nuts was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Different dietary protein sources have varying associations with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality. Our findings support the need for consideration of protein sources in future dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Sun
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA
| | - Bernhard Haring
- Department of Medicine I/Cardiology University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science Washington DC
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Carolina Valdiviezo
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center University of Iowa Iowa City IA
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Vojinovic D, Kalaoja M, Trompet S, Fischer K, Shipley MJ, Li S, Havulinna AS, Perola M, Salomaa V, Yang Q, Sattar N, Jousilahti P, Amin N, Satizabal CL, Taba N, Sabayan B, Vasan RS, Ikram MA, Stott DJ, Ala-Korpela M, Jukema JW, Seshadri S, Kettunen J, Kivimaki M, Esko T, van Duijn CM. Association of Circulating Metabolites in Plasma or Serum and Risk of Stroke: Meta-analysis From 7 Prospective Cohorts. Neurology 2021; 96:e1110-e1123. [PMID: 33268560 PMCID: PMC8055347 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive analysis of circulating metabolites and incident stroke in large prospective population-based settings. METHODS We investigated the association of metabolites with risk of stroke in 7 prospective cohort studies including 1,791 incident stroke events among 38,797 participants in whom circulating metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The relationship between metabolites and stroke was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression models. The analyses were performed considering all incident stroke events and ischemic and hemorrhagic events separately. RESULTS The analyses revealed 10 significant metabolite associations. Amino acid histidine (hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85, 0.94; p = 4.45 × 10-5), glycolysis-related metabolite pyruvate (HR per SD 1.09, 95% CI 1.04, 1.14; p = 7.45 × 10-4), acute-phase reaction marker glycoprotein acetyls (HR per SD 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15; p = 1.27 × 10-3), cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 2, and several other lipoprotein particles were associated with risk of stroke. When focused on incident ischemic stroke, a significant association was observed with phenylalanine (HR per SD 1.12, 95% CI 1.05, 1.19; p = 4.13 × 10-4) and total and free cholesterol in large HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS We found association of amino acids, glycolysis-related metabolites, acute-phase reaction markers, and several lipoprotein subfractions with the risk of stroke. These findings support the potential of metabolomics to provide new insights into the metabolic changes preceding stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vojinovic
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marita Kalaoja
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stella Trompet
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin J Shipley
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shuo Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markus Perola
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Qiong Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Najaf Amin
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Taba
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Behnam Sabayan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - David J Stott
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tonu Esko
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- From the Department of Epidemiology (D.V., N.A., M.A.I., C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Medicine (M. Kalaoja, M.A.-K., J.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Finland; Departments of Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T.), and Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Estonian Genome Centre (K.F., N.T., T.E.), Institute of Genomics, and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (N.T.), University of Tartu, Estonia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.J.S., M. Kivimaki), UCL, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., O.Y.), School of Public Health, Boston University, MA; Department of Public Health Solutions (A.S.H., M.P., V.S., P.J., J.K.), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.S.H., M.P.), University of Helsinki; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), Faculty of Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (B.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., R.S.V., S.S.), MA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.A.I.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (D.J.S.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Systems Epidemiology (M.A.-K.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory (M.A.-K.), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Population Health Science (M.A.-K.), Bristol Medical School, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.A.-K.), University of Bristol, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (M.A.-K.), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Netherlands Heart Institute (J.W.J.), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (T.E.), Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, TX; Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.M.v.D.), University of Oxford, UK. D.V. is currently at the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands, and K.F. is currently at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
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A discovery-based metabolomic approach using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS unveils a plethora of prospective antihypertensive compounds in Korean fermented soybeans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wang F, Wang B, Chen X, Liu W, Wang G, Li X, Liu X, Li N, Zhang J, Yin T, Jing J, Chang X, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Association Between Blood Pressure and Branched-Chain/Aromatic Amino Acid Excretion Rate in 24-Hour Urine Samples from Elderly Hypertension Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3965-3973. [PMID: 34531669 PMCID: PMC8439623 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s324153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the association between lifestyle-related diseases and free amino acids in the blood plasma-especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs)-has been highlighted. However, few studies have been carried out on 24-hour urine samples. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between 24-hour urinary BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate and blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Each of the 322 elderly patients with hypertension completed an in-person questionnaire interview, underwent a physical examination, and provided a 24-hour urine specimen. We measured their BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate, and used multiple linear regression analysis with variable selection to construct models describing the relationships between their BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate and BP. After adjusted for age, gender, height, and weight, valine was inversely associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β: -0.232, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β: -0.144, 95% CI: -0.089, -0.005). These findings were invariant even following adjustment for urine volume and drugs history, and Ile was positively associated with DBP (β: 0.170, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.066). CONCLUSION The data revealed that the excretion rate of 24-hour urinary BCAAs was closely related to BP in elderly hypertension patients, and these findings will provide new insights into the association between BACC metabolism and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binxia Wang
- Second People’s Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqi Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Jing
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Editorial Department of the Journal of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Jin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhao School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical UniversityTel +86 139 9501 1690Fax +86 951-6980144 Email
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Chung S, Chung MY, Choi HK, Park JH, Hwang JT, Joung H. Animal Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Korean Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113415. [PMID: 33172198 PMCID: PMC7694953 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the relationship of protein intake by food source with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults, even though animal food intake has increased. This study examined the association between plant and animal protein intake and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Korean adults. A total of 13,485 subjects aged 30-64 years were selected from the 2013-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Protein intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall data and divided into quintiles. Men had a higher percentage of energy intake from animal protein (7.4%) than plant protein (6.9%). Men in the highest quintile group of animal protein intake had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00-1.70), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07-1.90), and elevated fasting glucose (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74), after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, stronger associations of animal protein intake with abdominal obesity were shown in men who consumed less than estimated energy requirements (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.11-2.31). Plant protein intake was negatively associated with increased blood pressure in men. Neither animal nor plant protein intakes were significantly associated with any of the metabolic syndrome risk factors in women. The results imply that lower animal protein intake may be a beneficial factor for metabolic syndrome management in middle-aged Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.C.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.); (J.H.P.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2716
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40
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Balasubramanian R, Demler O, Guasch-Ferré M, Paynter NP, Sheehan R, Liu S, Manson JE, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-Gonzalez MÁ, Hu FB, Clish C, Rexrode KM. Metabolomic Effects of Hormone Therapy and Associations With Coronary Heart Disease Among Postmenopausal Women. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002977. [PMID: 33141616 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the WHI-HT trials (Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy), treatment with oral conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE+MPA) resulted in increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas oral conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) did not. METHODS Four hundred eighty-one metabolites were measured at baseline and at 1-year in 503 and 431 participants in the WHI CEE and CEE+MPA trials, respectively. The effects of randomized HT on the metabolite profiles at 1-year was evaluated in linear models adjusting for baseline metabolite levels, age, body mass index, race, incident CHD, prevalent hypertension, and diabetes. Metabolites with discordant effects by HT type were evaluated for association with incident CHD in 944 participants (472 CHD cases) in the WHI-OS (Women's Health Initiative Observational Study), with replication in an independent cohort of 980 men and women at high risk for cardiovascular disease. RESULTS HT effects on the metabolome were profound; 62% of metabolites significantly changed with randomized CEE and 52% with CEE+MPA (false discovery rate-adjusted P value<0.05) in multivariable models. Concerted increases in abundance were seen within various metabolite classes including triacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines; decreases in abundance was observed for acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, quaternary amines, and cholesteryl/cholesteryl esters. Twelve metabolites had discordant effects by HT type and were associated with incident CHD in the WHI-OS; a metabolite score estimated in a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was associated with CHD risk with an odds ratio of 1.47 per SD increase (95% CI, 1.27-1.70, P<10-6). All twelve metabolites were altered in the CHD protective direction by CEE treatment. One metabolite (lysine) was significantly altered in the direction of increased CHD risk by CEE+MPA; the remaining 11 metabolites were not significantly changed by CEE+MPA. The CHD associations of a subset of 4 metabolites including C58:11 triacylglycerol, C54:9 triacylglycerol, C36:1 phosphatidylcholine and sucrose replicated in an independent dataset of 980 participants in the PREDIMED trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea). CONCLUSIONS Randomized treatment with oral HT resulted in large metabolome shifts that generally favored CEE alone over CEE+MPA in term of CHD risk. Discordant metabolite effects between HT regimens may partially mediate the differences in CHD risk between the 2 WHI-HT trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst (R.B., R.S.)
| | - Olga Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine (O.D., J.P.P., J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Nina P Paynter
- Division of Preventive Medicine (O.D., J.P.P., J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ryan Sheehan
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst (R.B., R.S.)
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.L., J.E.M., F.B.H.).,Departments of Epidemiology & Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI (S.L.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine (O.D., J.P.P., J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.L., J.E.M., F.B.H.)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus (J.S.-S.).,Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus (J.S.-S.).,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid (J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Miguel Á Martínez-Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., M.A.M.-G., F.B.H.).,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid (J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.).,Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Navarra (M.A.M.-G.).,IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition (M.G.-F., M.A.M.-G., F.B.H.).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.L., J.E.M., F.B.H.)
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.C.)
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health (K.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Andersson C, Liu C, Cheng S, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE, Larson MG, Vasan RS. Metabolomic signatures of cardiac remodelling and heart failure risk in the community. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3707-3715. [PMID: 32909388 PMCID: PMC7754777 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) is associated with several metabolic changes, but it is unknown whether distinct components of the circulating metabolome may be related to cardiac structure and function, and with incident HF in the community. Methods and results We assayed 217 circulating metabolites in 2336 Framingham Study participants (mean age 55 ± 10 years, 53% women) without HF at baseline. We used linear and Cox regression to relate concentrations of metabolites to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dimension, LV wall thickness, LV ejection fraction, left atrial dimension, LV ventricular mass, and aortic root size cross‐sectionally and to incident HF prospectively. Bonferroni‐adjusted P‐values <0.05 denoted statistical significance. Circulating concentrations of kynurenine [β = −0.12 cm per standard deviation (SD) increment in normalized residual of metabolite, P = 7.3 × 10−8] and aminoadipate (−0.11 cm per SD increment, P = 2.61 × 10−5) were associated with left ventricular diastolic dimension, phosphatidylcholine (carbon:double bound = 38:6) with left atrial dimension (0.10 cm per SD increment, P = 9.7 × 10−6), and cholesterol ester (carbon:double bound = 20:5) with left atrial dimension (0.10 cm per SD increment, P = 1.4 × 10−5) in multivariable‐adjusted models. During an average follow‐up of 15.8 (range 0.02–23.2) years, 113 participants (5%) were diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction and 106 individuals (5%) with HF with preserved ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (hazard ratio 0.63, P = 1.3 × 10−5) and ornithine (hazard ratio 1.44, P = 0.00014) were associated with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Conclusions Several metabolites, including the vasoactive metabolite kynurenine, were related to cardiac structure and function in our sample. Additional research is warranted to confirm our observations and investigate if these metabolites can risk stratify ambulatory individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- NHBLI and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Chunyu Liu
- NHBLI and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- NHBLI and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Program in Metabolism, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- NHBLI and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- NHBLI and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang J, Liao LM, Weinstein SJ, Sinha R, Graubard BI, Albanes D. Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:1173-1184. [PMID: 32658243 PMCID: PMC7358979 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of high-protein diets to overall health, a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between overall mortality and cause-specific mortality and plant protein intake. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 416 104 men and women in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study from 1995 to 2011. Data were analyzed from October 2018 through April 2020. EXPOSURES Validated baseline food frequency questionnaire dietary information, including intake of plant protein and animal protein. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios and 16-year absolute risk differences for overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS The final analytic cohort included 237 036 men (57%) and 179 068 women. Their overall median (SD) ages were 62.2 (5.4) years for men and 62.0 (5.4) years for women. Based on 6 009 748 person-years of observation, 77 614 deaths (18.7%; 49 297 men and 28 317 women) were analyzed. Adjusting for several important clinical and other risk factors, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97] for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 1 SD was -0.36% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.25%] for men and -0.33% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.21%] for women; hazard ratio per 10 g/1000 kcal was 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91] for men and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 10 g/1000 kcal was -0.95% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.68%] for men and -0.86% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.55%] for women; all P < .001). The association between plant protein intake and overall mortality was similar across the subgroups of smoking status, diabetes, fruit consumption, vitamin supplement use, and self-reported health status. Replacement of 3% energy from animal protein with plant protein was inversely associated with overall mortality (risk decreased 10% in both men and women) and cardiovascular disease mortality (11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women). In particular, the lower overall mortality was attributable primarily to substitution of plant protein for egg protein (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women) and red meat protein (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings provide evidence that dietary modification in choice of protein sources may influence health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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de la O V, Zazpe I, Ruiz-Canela M. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation, dietary intake and circulating levels in cardiometabolic diseases: an updated review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:35-50. [PMID: 31688095 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids derived from diet. BCAA supplementation has been recommended in elderly and athletes, but recent studies suggest an association between high dietary BCAAs and blood levels of BCAAs with greater risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). This review aims to integrate current epidemiological evidence analyzing the association between BCAAs and related-CMD risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Most epidemiological studies consistently show that dietary BCAAs are associated with higher risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) whereas there is limited evidence related with other cardiovascular risk factors. Evidence also exists showing an association between higher circulating BCAA levels and risk of T2D and cardiovascular disease, and also probably with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity. Several clinical trials suggest beneficial cardiometabolic effect of BCAAs supplementation, although with a small sample size and short follow-up. Studies show a weak correlation between dietary BCAAs and circulating BCAA levels. Protein quality sources and whole dietary pattern are key aspects to improve our understanding of the effect of BCAAs as well as factors associated with higher protein needs, such as age or frailty. SUMMARY Dietary and circulating BCAAs exhibit possible detrimental cardiometabolic effects, but BCAA supplementation may have some positive influence on target groups with nutritional deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de la O
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Mariotti F. Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S351-S366. [PMID: 31728490 PMCID: PMC6855969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sources or types of protein in the diet have long been overlooked regarding their link to cardiometabolic health. The picture is complicated by the fact that animal and plant proteins are consumed along with other nutrients and substances which make up the "protein package" so plant and animal protein come with clear nutrient clusters. This review aimed at deciphering the relation between plant and animal protein and cardiometabolic health by examining different nutritional levels (such as amino acids, protein type, protein foods, protein patterns, and associated overall dietary and nutrient patterns) and varying levels of scientific evidence [basic science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational data]. Plant protein in Western countries is a robust marker of nutrient adequacy of the diet, whereas the contribution of animal protein is highly heterogeneous. Yet recent data from large cohorts have confirmed that total and animal proteins are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, even when fully adjusting for lifestyle and dietary or nutritional factors. Here again, there is marked variability depending on the type of animal protein. Protein from processed red meat and total red meat on the one hand, and from legumes, nuts, and seeds on the other, are often reported at the extremes of the risk range. RCTs using purified proteins have contributed little to the topic to date, inasmuch as the findings cannot readily be extrapolated to current or near-future diets, but RCTs studying whole protein foods have shown a beneficial effect of pulses. Despite the fact that many of the benefits of plant protein reported in observational or interventional studies may stem from the protein package that they convey and the nutrients that they displace, there are also important indications that protein per se may affect cardiometabolic health via the many amino acids that are present in typically contrasting levels in plant compared with animal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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Tharrey M, Mariotti F, Mashchak A, Barbillon P, Delattre M, Huneau JF, Fraser GE. Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 49:312-321. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The intake of specific amino acids (AA) has been associated with cardiovascular health, but amino acids are consumed together as dietary protein. Here we investigated the association between identified patterns of amino acid intake and cardiovascular mortality.
Methods
A total of 2216 cardiovascular deaths among 79 838 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2 were included in our analysis. Baseline dietary patterns based on the participants' amino acids intakes were derived by factor analysis. Using Cox regression analyses, we estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and other dietary components.
Results
Three patterns of amino acids were identified. Factor 1 was positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality [hazard ratio (HR)Q5-Q1: 1.62, 98.75% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 2.28; P-trend <0.001]; and Factors 2 and 3 were inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR Q5-Q1 Factor 2: 0.74, 98.75% CI: 0.53, 1.04; P-trend <0.01 and HR Q5-Q1 Factor 3: 0.65, 98.75% CI: 0.44, 0.95; P-trend <0.05]. The associations with Factor 1 (with high loadings on indispensable amino acids such as branched chain amino acids, lysine, methionine) and Factor 3 (with high loadings on non-indispensable amino acids, namely arginine, glycine, aspartate+asparagine) remained significant after further adjustment for nutrient intake and for the five protein source patterns identified previously (HR Q5-Q1: 1.56 (0.99, 2.45) and 0.55 (0.35, 0.85); P-trends < 0.01).
Conclusions
Indispensable AA have a positive and some non-indispensable AA have a negative, independent, strong association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- MOISA, INRA, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Maud Delattre
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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47
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Teymoori F, Asghari G, Farhadnejad H, Nazarzadeh M, Atifeh M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Various proline food sources and blood pressure: substitution analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:332-340. [PMID: 31460809 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1650004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of total proline intake, proline of various food sources, and substitution analysis for proline of food sources with blood pressure (BP) and 3.1-year incidence of hypertension in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The cohort consisted of 4287 participants (41.9% male), aged ≥ 20-70 years. In fully-adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile for proline intake had an increased risk of incident hypertension than those in the lowest one (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.06-1.97; p for trend: .017). Replacing proline of cheese and legumes source with that of yogurt, poultry, milk, and red meat source was associated with significant negative β coefficient for BP. The present study indicated that high dietary intakes of proline may increase the risk of incident hypertension. Also, substituting proline intake of cheese and legumes by those of proline intake of meats and milk is associated with a lower risk of high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mitra Atifeh
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tharrey M, Mariotti F, Mashchak A, Barbillon P, Delattre M, Fraser GE. Patterns of plant and animal protein intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality: the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1603-1612. [PMID: 29618018 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence suggests that plant and animal proteins are intimately associated with specific large nutrient clusters that may explain part of their complex relation with cardiovascular health. We aimed at evaluating the association between specific patterns of protein intake with cardiovascular mortality. Methods We selected 81 337 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2. Diet was assessed between 2002 and 2007, by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns based on the participants' protein consumption were derived by factor analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary components. Results There were 2276 cardiovascular deaths during a mean follow-up time of 9.4 years. The HRs for cardiovascular mortality were 1.61 [98.75% confidence interval (CI), 1.12 2.32; P-trend < 0.001] for the 'Meat' protein factor and 0.60 (98.75% CI, 0.42 0.86; P-trend < 0.001) for the 'Nuts & Seeds' protein factor (highest vs lowest quintile of factor scores). No significant associations were found for the 'Grains', 'Processed Foods' and 'Legumes, Fruits & Vegetables' protein factors. Additional adjustments for the participants' vegetarian dietary pattern and nutrients related to cardiovascular disease outcomes did not change the results. Conclusions Associations between the 'Meat' and 'Nuts & Seeds' protein factors and cardiovascular outcomes were strong and could not be ascribed to other associated nutrients considered to be important for cardiovascular health. Healthy diets can be advocated based on protein sources, preferring low contributions of protein from meat and higher intakes of plant protein from nuts and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Maud Delattre
- UMR MIA-Paris, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Li C, He J, Li S, Chen W, Bazzano L, Sun X, Shen L, Liang L, Shen Y, Gu X, Kelly TN. Novel Metabolites Are Associated With Augmentation Index and Pulse Wave Velocity: Findings From the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:547-556. [PMID: 30953049 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics study may help identify novel mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomics profiling among 1,239 participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study. After quality control, 1,202 metabolites were evaluated for associations with augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), using multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, education, smoking, drinking, body weight, body height, physical activity, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Heart rate, blood pressure and antihypertensive medication usage, lipids, and fasting glucose were sequentially adjusted in the sensitivity analyses for significant metabolites. Weighted correlation network analysis was applied to build metabolite networks. RESULTS Six novel metabolites were negatively associated with AI, of which, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate had the lowest P value and the largest effect size (β = -6.67, P = 5.99 × 10-6). Heart rate contributed to a large proportion (25%-58%) of the association for each metabolite. Twenty-one novel metabolites were identified for PWV, of which, fructose (β = 0.61, P = 6.18 × 10-10) was most significant, and histidine had the largest effect size (β = -1.09, P = 2.51 × 10-7). Blood pressure played a major contribution (9%-54%) to the association for each metabolite. Furthermore, 16 metabolites were associated with arterial stiffness independent of traditional risk factors. Network analysis identified 2 modules associated with both AI and PWV (P < 8.00 × 10-4). One was composed of metabolites from the glycerolipids synthesis and recycling pathway, and the other was involved in valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism. One module related to sphingomyelin metabolism was associated with PWV only (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified novel and important metabolites and metabolic networks associated with arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Luqi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lirong Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research Department, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Metabolomic study reveals the acute hypotensive effect of S-1-propenylcysteine accompanied by alteration of the plasma histidine level in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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