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Mio K, Iida-Tanaka N, Togo-Ohno M, Tadenuma N, Yamanaka C, Aoe S. Barley consumption under a high-fat diet suppresses lipogenic genes through altered intestinal bile acid composition. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109547. [PMID: 38081474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether barley flour consumption in a high-fat environment affects lipid metabolism through signals mediated by bile acids. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cellulose (HC) or β-glucan-rich barley flour (HB) for 12 weeks. Bile acid composition in the intestinal tract and feces was measured by GC/MS. Gene expression levels involved in bile acid metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract were determined by RT-PCR. Similar parameters were measured in mice treated with antibiotics (antibiotics-cellulose [AC] and antibiotics-barley [AB]) to reduce the activity of intestinal bacteria. The Results showed that the HB group had lower liver blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the HC group. The HB group showed a significant decrease in primary bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract compared to the HC group. On the other hand, the concentration of secondary bile acids relatively increased in the cecum and feces. In the liver, Fxr activation suppressed gene expression levels in synthesizing bile acids and lipids. Furthermore, in the gastrointestinal tract, Tgr5 was activated by increased secondary bile acids. Correspondingly, AMP levels were increased in the HB group compared to the HC group, AMPK was phosphorylated in the liver, and gene expression involved in lipid synthesis was downregulated. A comparison of the AC and AB groups treated with antibiotics did not confirm these effects of barley intake. In summary, our results suggest that the prevention of lipid accumulation by barley consumption involves signaling through changes in bile acid composition in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Togo-Ohno
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tadenuma
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yamanaka
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Kohlmeier M, Baah E, Washko M, Adams K. Genotype-informed nutrition counselling in clinical practice. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:407-412. [PMID: 38618528 PMCID: PMC11009529 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohlmeier
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Baah
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Washko
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Adams
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ali T, Klein AN, McDonald K, Johansson L, Mukherjee PG, Hallbeck M, Doh-Ura K, Schatzl HM, Gilch S. Cellulose ether treatment inhibits amyloid beta aggregation, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:177. [PMID: 37507761 PMCID: PMC10375631 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Pathogenesis of AD is associated with the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), a major neurotoxic mediator that triggers neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Recently, we found that cellulose ether compounds (CEs) have beneficial effects against prion diseases by inhibiting protein misfolding and replication of prions, which share their replication mechanism with Aβ. CEs are FDA-approved safe additives in foods and pharmaceuticals. Herein, for the first time we determined the therapeutic effects of the representative CE (TC-5RW) in AD using in vitro and in vivo models. Our in vitro studies showed that TC-5RW inhibits Aβ aggregation, as well as neurotoxicity and immunoreactivity in Aβ-exposed human and murine neuroblastoma cells. In in vivo studies, for the first time we observed that single and weekly TC-5RW administration, respectively, improved memory functions of transgenic 5XFAD mouse model of AD. We further demonstrate that TC-5RW treatment of 5XFAD mice significantly inhibited Aβ oligomer and plaque burden and its associated neuroinflammation via regulating astrogliosis, microgliosis and proinflammatory mediator glial maturation factor beta (GMFβ). Additionally, we determined that TC-5RW reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced activated gliosis and GMFβ in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CEs have therapeutic effects against Aβ pathologies and cognitive impairments, and direct, potent anti-inflammatory activity to rescue neuroinflammation. Therefore, these FDA-approved compounds are effective candidates for developing therapeutics for AD and related neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Antonia N Klein
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keegan McDonald
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lovisa Johansson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katsumi Doh-Ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hermann M Schatzl
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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García-Cordero J, Mateos R, González-Rámila S, Seguido MA, Sierra-Cinos JL, Sarriá B, Bravo L. Dietary Supplements Containing Oat Beta-Glucan and/or Green Coffee (Poly)phenols Showed Limited Effect in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Patients without a Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients 2023; 15:2223. [PMID: 37432380 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and has become a major health concern worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new strategies against this condition and its associated comorbidities. Green coffee polyphenols (GCP) and oat beta-glucans (BGs) have proven their hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of the long-term consumption of supplements containing GCP, BG or the novel GCP/BG combination on lipid and glucose metabolism biomarkers in overweight/obese subjects who maintained their dietary habits and physical activity, hence addressing the difficulty that this population faces in adapting to lifestyle changes. A randomised, crossover, blind trial was carried out in 29 volunteers who consumed either GCP (300 mg), BG (2.5 g) or GCP/BG (300 mg + 2.5 g) twice a day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and body composition were measured at the beginning and end of each intervention. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and different hormones and adipokines were analysed. Only VLDL-C (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.027) decreased after the intervention, especially with the BG supplement. There were no other significant changes in the analysed biomarkers. In conclusion, the regular intake of GCP, BG and GCP/BG without lifestyle changes is not an efficient strategy to improve lipid and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Cordero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana González-Rámila
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Seguido
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sierra-Cinos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science I, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Hou Y, Song X, Yu H, Tan J, Zhou Y, Zhang HT. β-Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1690-1704. [PMID: 36890624 PMCID: PMC10173722 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal flora has been shown to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be improved by β-glucan, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which affects cognitive function through the intestinal flora. However, it is not known if this effect of β-glucan is involved in AD. METHOD This study used behavioral testing to measure cognitive function. After that, high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and GC-MS were used to analyze the intestinal microbiota and metabolite SCFAs of AD model mice, and further explore the relationship between intestinal flora and neuroinflammation. Finally, the expressions of inflammatory factors in the mouse brain were detected by Western blot and Elisa methods. RESULTS We found that appropriate supplementation of β-glucan during the progression of AD can improve cognitive impairment and reduce A β plaque deposition. In addition, supplementation of β-glucan can also promote changes in the composition of the intestinal flora, thereby changing the flora metabolites in the intestinal content and reduce the activation of inflammatory factors and microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through the brain-gut axis. While reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, thereby controlling neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The imbalance of the gut microbiota and metabolites plays a role in the progression of AD; β-glucan blocks the development of AD by improving the gut microbiota and its metabolites and reducing neuroinflammation. β-Glucan is a potential strategy for the treatment of AD by reshaping the gut microbiota and improving its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City, China.,Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jinghe Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City, China
| | - Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Ying R, Zhou T, Xie H, Huang M. Synergistic effect of arabinoxylan and (1,3)(1,4)-β-glucan reduces the starch hydrolysis rate in wheat flour. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Innayah AM, Hariani ENS, Khotimah H, Kusumastuty I, Yunita EP, Handayani D. β-(1,3)-D-glucan from <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> correlates with lower plasma IL-6, IL-1β, HOMA-IR, and higher pancreatic beta cell count in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet (HFFD) rats. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing consumption of high-fat and high-fructose foods contributes to the increasing prevalence of global obesity. Low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity is a significant risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract on rats fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet.
Design and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged eight weeks. The rats were divided into groups given a normal (N) diet, a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), D1 (HFFD+125 mg/kg BW β-glucan), D2 (HFFD+250 mg/kg BW β glucan), and D3 (HFFD+375 mg/kg BW β-glucan) with an intervention of 14 weeks. IL-6 and IL-1β levels were measured by the ELISA method, while HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) was calculated by the fasting insulin (ng/mL) x fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/405 formula. Pancreatic beta-cell counts were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: The results showed no differences in IL-6 and IL-1β between the treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in HOMA-IR and pancreatic beta-cell counts between groups. There were negative correlations between the dose of β-glucan and IL-6, IL-1β, and HOMA-IR levels. Also, there was a positive correlation between the dose of β-glucan and the number of pancreatic beta cells.
Conclusions: Administration of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract prevented hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, also reduced inflammation in rats fed with HFFD regardless of weight gain.
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Mio K, Ogawa R, Tadenuma N, Aoe S. Arabinoxylan as well as β-glucan in barley promotes GLP-1 secretion by increasing short-chain fatty acids production. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101343. [PMID: 36123993 PMCID: PMC9482107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley is rich in soluble dietary fiber including β-glucan and arabinoxylan. Barley β-glucan is fermented by gut bacteria and, thereby contributes to an effect on intestinal bacterial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It also increases GLP-1 secretion via SCFAs receptor. However, few studies have focused on barley arabinoxylan. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of arabinoxylan from barley on intestinal fermentability and GLP-1 secretion. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing arabinoxylan-dominant barley flour without β-glucan (bgl) and high β-glucan-containing barley flour (BF) for 12 weeks. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure insulin and GLP-1 concentrations. The concentration of SCFAs in the cecum contents was also determined. Furthermore, we measured mRNA expression assay GLP-1 secretion using real-time PCR. The OGTT result showed that GLP-1 concentrations at 60 min were increased in mice fed bgl and BF. Acetic acid and total SCFAs concentrations in the cecum contents were increased in both the barley groups, and butyric acid was increased in the bgl group. Furthermore, the bgl and BF groups had increased Gpr43, a receptor for SCFAs, and NeuroD which is involved in L cell differentiation. These results show arabinoxylan as well as β-glucan is involved in the SCFAs-mediated increase in GLP-1 secretion upon barley consumption.
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Jovanovski E, Nguyen M, Kurahashi Y, Komishon A, Li D, Hoang Vi Thanh H, Khayyat R, Jenkins AL, Khan TA, Zurbau A, Sievenpiper J, Vuksan V. Are all fibres created equal with respect to lipid lowering? Comparing the effect of viscous dietary fibre to non-viscous fibre from cereal sources: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-13. [PMID: 35929339 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although compelling evidence from observational studies supports a positive association between consumption of cereal fibre and CVD risk reduction, randomised controlled trials (RCT) often target viscous fibre type as the prospective contributor to lipid lowering to reduce CVD risk. The objective of our study is to compare the lipids-lowering effects of viscous dietary fibre to non-viscous, cereal-type fibre in clinical studies. RCT that evaluated the effect of viscous dietary fibre compared with non-viscous, cereal fibre on LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid markers, with a duration of ≥ 3 weeks, in adults with or without hypercholesterolaemia were included. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register were searched through October 19, 2021. Data were extracted and assessed by two independent reviewers. The generic inverse variance method with random effects model was utilised to pool the data which were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CI. Eighty-nine trials met eligibility criteria (n 4755). MD for the effect of viscous dietary fibre compared with non-viscous cereal fibre were LDL cholesterol (MD = -0·26 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0·30, -0·22 mmol/l; P < 0·01), non-HDL cholesterol (MD = -0·33 mmol/l; 95 % CI: -0·39, -0·28 mmol/l; P < 0·01) and Apo-B (MD = -0·04 g/l; 95 % CI: -0·06, -0·03 g/l; P < 0·01). Viscous dietary fibre reduces LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid markers relative to the fibre from cereal sources, hence may be a preferred type of fibre-based dietary intervention targeting CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yui Kurahashi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allison Komishon
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ho Hoang Vi Thanh
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rana Khayyat
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Louisa Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dominant hydrophobic interactions with β-glucan in nanoarchitectonics with mixed Langmuir monolayers of cholesterol/dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline. Biointerphases 2022; 17:031005. [PMID: 35688674 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan, found in the cell wall of cereals such as wheat, oats, and barley, is believed to lower the concentration of bad cholesterol in humans, but the molecular-level mechanisms responsible for such an action are unknown. In this study, we use Langmuir monolayers of cholesterol and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) as cell membrane models that are made to interact with β-glucan. Neat cholesterol and mixed cholesterol/DPPC monolayers were expanded upon incorporating β-glucan from the aqueous subphase. This incorporation was found to induce ordering in mixed monolayers and dehydration of the carbonyl group at higher cholesterol concentrations. These effects are attributed to hydrophobic interactions as identified with polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. They correlate well with the hypothesis that cholesterol levels can be lowered by the formation of soluble fibers with β-glucan through hydrophobic interactions, blocking cholesterol absorption by the organism.
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Ballance S, Lu Y, Zobel H, Rieder A, Knutsen SH, Dinu VT, Christensen BE, Ulset AS, Schmid M, Maina N, Potthast A, Schiehser S, Ellis PR, Harding SE. Inter-laboratory analysis of cereal beta-glucan extracts of nutritional importance: An evaluation of different methods for determining weight-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Pérez-Beltrán YE, Rivera-Iñiguez I, Gonzalez-Becerra K, Pérez-Naitoh N, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Mendivil EJ. Personalized Dietary Recommendations Based on Lipid-Related Genetic Variants: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:830283. [PMID: 35387194 PMCID: PMC8979208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.830283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dyslipidemias are risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of these diseases involves environmental factors, such as nutrition, but other aspects like genetic polymorphisms confer susceptibility to developing obesity and dyslipidemias. In this sense, nutrigenetics is being used to study the influence of genetic variations on the circulating lipid responses promoted by certain nutrients or foods to provide specific dietary strategies considering the genetic factors in personalized nutrition interventions. Objective To identify throughout a systematic review the potential nutrigenetic recommendations that demonstrate a strong interaction between gene-diet and circulating lipid variations. Methods This systematic review used the PRISMA-Protocol for manuscript research and preparation using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Human studies published in English from January 2010 to December 2020 were included. The main results were outcomes related to gene-diet interactions and plasmatic lipids variation. Results About 1,110 articles were identified, but only 38 were considered to fulfill the inclusion criteria established based on the reported data. The acquired information was organized based on gene-diet interaction with nutrients and components of the diet and dietary recommendation generated by each interaction: gene-diet interaction with dietary fats, carbohydrates or dietary fiber, gene-diet interaction with nutraceutical or dietary supplementation, and gene-diet interaction with proteins. Conclusion Findings included in this systematic review indicated that a certain percentage of dietary macronutrients, the consumption of specific amounts of polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the ingestion of nutraceuticals or dietary supplements could be considered as potential strategies for the development of a wide range of nutrigenetic interventions since they have a direct impact on the blood levels of lipids. In this way, specific recommendations were identified as potential tools in developing precision diets and highlighted the importance of personalized nutrition. These recommendations may serve as a possible strategy to implement as dietary tools for the preventive treatment and control alterations in lipid metabolism. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021248816, identifier [CRD42021248816].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda E. Pérez-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez
- Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Naomi Pérez-Naitoh
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana (IBERO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering, and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Edgar J. Mendivil
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Edgar J. Mendivil
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13
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Lentinan Impairs the Early Development of Zebrafish Embryos, Possibly by Disrupting Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LNT is the major biologically active substance extracted from Lentinus edodes (L. edodes). Although functional and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that LNT has multiple benefits for animals and humans, the safety assessment is far from sufficient. To evaluate the potential safety risk, larval zebrafish were continuously exposed to varying concentrations of LNT for 120 h. The 96 h LC50 of LNT was determined to be 1228 μg/mL, and morphological defects including short body length, reduced eye and swim bladder sizes and yolk sac edema were observed. In addition, LNT exposure significantly reduced the blood flow velocity and locomotor activity of larval zebrafish. The biochemical parameters were also affected, showing reduced glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in zebrafish larvae after being exposed to LNT. Correspondingly, the genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism were disrupted. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the adverse potential of high concentrations of LNT on the development of zebrafish larvae in the early life stage.
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14
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Xu D, Feng M, Chu Y, Wang S, Shete V, Tuohy KM, Liu F, Zhou X, Kamil A, Pan D, Liu H, Yang X, Yang C, Zhu B, Lv N, Xiong Q, Wang X, Sun J, Sun G, Yang Y. The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Front Immunol 2021; 12:787797. [PMID: 34956218 PMCID: PMC8697019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals derived from oats are reported to possess a beneficial effect on modulating dyslipidemia, specifically on lowering total and LDL cholesterol. However, deeper insights into its mechanism remain unclear. In this randomized controlled study, we assigned 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three study centers across China (Beijing, Nanjing, and Shanghai) to consume 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. Plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota were measured. The results showed that total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) decreased significantly with both oats and rice intake after 30 and 45 days. The reduction in TC and non-HDL-C was greater in the participants consuming oats compared with rice at day 45 (p = 0.011 and 0.049, respectively). Oat consumption significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia, and the relative abundance of Dialister, Butyrivibrio, and Paraprevotella, and decreased unclassified f-Sutterellaceae. In the oat group, Bifidobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with LDL-C (p = 0.01, r = −0.31) and, TC and LDL-C were negatively correlated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p = 0.02, r = −0.29; p = 0.03, r = −0.27, respectively). Enterobacteriaceae, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with plasma butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and negatively correlated to isobutyric acid. HDL-C was negatively correlated with valeric acid (p = 0.02, r = −0.25) and total triglyceride (TG) was positively correlated to isovaleric acid (p = 0.03, r = 0.23). Taken together, oats consumption significantly reduced TC and LDL-C, and also mediated a prebiotic effect on gut microbiome. Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and plasma SCFA correlated with oat-induced changes in plasma lipids, suggesting prebiotic activity of oats to modulate gut microbiome could contribute towards its cholesterol-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiyuan Feng
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - YiFang Chu
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Varsha Shete
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Zhou
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Alison Kamil
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Functional Food Research, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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15
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Zheng Z, Huang Q, Kang Y, Liu Y, Luo W. Different molecular sizes and chain conformations of water-soluble yeast β-glucan fractions and their interactions with receptor Dectin-1. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118568. [PMID: 34560979 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although β-glucan could bind to Dectin-1 to exert bioactivity, the influence of molecular size and chain conformation of β-glucan on its interaction with Dectin-1 is still unclear. This work investigated the molecular sizes and chain conformations of five water-soluble yeast β-glucan (WYG1-5) fractions as well as their interactions with Dectin-1 by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscale thermophoresis. Results revealed a spherical conformation for higher molecular weight WYG and a stiff chain conformation for smaller molecular weight WYG. The WYG and Dectin-1 interactions were in the order of WYG-2 > WYG-1 > WYG-3 > WYG-4 > WYG-5. The spherical WYG-2 exhibited the largest binding constant of 7.91 × 105 M1 and the lowest dissociation constant of 22.1 nM to Dectin-1. Additionally, the underlying interaction mechanism showed that it may be easier for spherical WYG with longer side chains to interact with receptor Dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Cuisine and Nutrition, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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16
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Makran M, Barberá R, Cilla A. Gene-diet interaction in plasma lipid response to plant sterols and stanols: A review of clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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17
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Guo H, Wu H, Sajid A, Li Z. Whole grain cereals: the potential roles of functional components in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8388-8402. [PMID: 34014123 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1928596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole grain cereals have been the basis of human diet since ancient times. Due to rich in a variety of unique bioactive ingredients, they play an important role in human health. This review highlights the contents and distribution of primary functional components and their health effects in commonly consumed whole grain cereals, especially dietary fiber, protein, polyphenols, and alkaloids. In general, cereals exert positive effects in the following ways: 1) Restoring intestinal flora diversity and increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acids. 2) Regulating plasma glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby the improvement of obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic metabolic diseases. 3) Exhibiting antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. 4) Preventing gastrointestinal cancer via the regulation of classical signaling pathways. In summary, this review provides a scientific basis for the formulation of whole-grain cereals-related dietary guidelines, and guides people to form scientific dietary habits, so as to promote the development and utilization of whole-grain cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Amin Sajid
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China;,College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
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18
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Wu J, Yang R, Gao M, Zhang H, Zhan X. Synthesis of functional oligosaccharides and their derivatives through cocultivation and cellular NTP regeneration. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 115:35-63. [PMID: 34140133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play an important role in the life cycle. Among them, functional oligosaccharides show a complex and diverse structures with unique physiological activities and biological functions. However, different preparation methods directly affect the structure, molecular weight, and other functions of oligosaccharides, as well as their application fields and manufacturing costs. In the preparation of β-1,3-glucan oligosaccharides (OBGs), water insolubility of β-1,3-glucans hampers the hydrolysis efficiency. The synthesis of some functional oligosaccharides requires the consumption of energy substrates, such as ATP, CTP, and uridine triphosphate, for sugar nucleotide synthesis, leading to increased capital costs. A more economical solution to solve energy supply is to adopt microbial cocultivation or cellular nucleoside triphosphate regeneration. This review focused on the sources, preparation methods, biological activities of OBG, and the cultivation methods and applications of microbial cocultivation and fermentation. We also reviewed the preparation methods of other functional oligosaccharides, such as sialylated oligosaccharides, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, and α-galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Nie Y, Luo F. Dietary Fiber: An Opportunity for a Global Control of Hyperlipidemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5542342. [PMID: 33897940 PMCID: PMC8052145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid-lowering action both in vitro and in vivo were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid-lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism-related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid-lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- School of Food Technology and Biological Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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20
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Abdullah MMH, Vazquez-Vidal I, Baer DJ, House JD, Jones PJH, Desmarchelier C. Common Genetic Variations Involved in the Inter-Individual Variability of Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Response to Diets: A Narrative Review of Recent Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:695. [PMID: 33671529 PMCID: PMC7926676 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of nutrigenetic studies dedicated to the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modulating blood lipid profiles in response to dietary interventions has increased considerably over the last decade. However, the robustness of the evidence-based science supporting the area remains to be evaluated. The objective of this review was to present recent findings concerning the effects of interactions between SNPs in genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and transport, and dietary intakes or interventions on circulating cholesterol concentrations, which are causally involved in cardiovascular diseases and established biomarkers of cardiovascular health. We identified recent studies (2014-2020) that reported significant SNP-diet interactions in 14 cholesterol-related genes (NPC1L1, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, APOA1, APOA2, APOA5, APOB, APOE, CETP, CYP7A1, DHCR7, LPL, and LIPC), and which replicated associations observed in previous studies. Some studies have also shown that combinations of SNPs could explain a higher proportion of variability in response to dietary interventions. Although some findings still need replication, including in larger and more diverse study populations, there is good evidence that some SNPs are consistently associated with differing circulating cholesterol concentrations in response to dietary interventions. These results could help clinicians provide patients with more personalized dietary recommendations, in order to lower their risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itzel Vazquez-Vidal
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada;
| | - David J. Baer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - James D. House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- Nutritional Fundamentals for Health, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC J7V 5V5, Canada;
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21
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Peesapati S, Sajeevan KA, Patel SK, Roy D. Relation between glycosidic linkage, structure and dynamics of α- and β-glucans in water. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23423. [PMID: 33572006 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In a molecular dynamics simulation study of several oligosaccharides comprising of the very basic building block of carbohydrate, the α- or β-d glucopyranose units, linked by any one of the 1-3/1-4 or 1-6 glycosidic linkages, we compare and contrast their structural and dynamical properties. Results indicate that the litheness of the oligosaccharide chain is noticeably controlled by the composition, anomeric nature and glycosidic linkage type of the units. In mixed β 1-4/1-3 d-glucopyranosides, as those found in oats and barley, the ratio of the β 1-4 and β 1-3 linked residues is crucial in determining the structural and dynamical attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) using the internal coordinates of torsion angles subtended by glycosidic oxygen atoms and subsequent K-means clustering of the dynamical space spanned by PC1 to PC2 point to the dynamical and structural disparity in the various types of oligosaccharides studied. The properties simulated in this work are meant to provide a systematic yet comparative understanding of the importance of linkage and anomericity on the oligosaccharide chain properties and are in line with some experimental structural attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Peesapati
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science- Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karuna Anna Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science- Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Siddhant Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science- Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Durba Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science- Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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22
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Suzuki S, Aoe S. High β-Glucan Barley Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance by Increasing GLP-1 Secretion in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020527. [PMID: 33561965 PMCID: PMC7915888 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism for the improvement of glucose tolerance following intake of high β-glucan barley (HGB) in terms of intestinal metabolism. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a fatty diet supplemented with HGB corresponding to 5% of dietary fiber for 83 days. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experimental period. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum was analyzed by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The mRNA expression levels related to L cell function in the ileum were measured by real-time PCR. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in the portal vein and cecal content were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GLP-1-producing L cells of the ileum were quantified by immunohistochemistry. HGB intake improved glucose tolerance and increased the cecal levels of SCFAs, acetate, and propionate. The number of GLP-1-positive L cells in the HGB group was significantly higher than in the control group. GLP-1 levels in the portal vein and cecal GLP-1 pool size in the HGB group were significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, we report improved glucose tolerance after HGB intake induced by an increase in L cell number and subsequent rise in GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachina Suzuki
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan;
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan;
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5275-6048
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23
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Tosh SM, Bordenave N. Emerging science on benefits of whole grain oat and barley and their soluble dietary fibers for heart health, glycemic response, and gut microbiota. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:13-20. [PMID: 32728756 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review the major mechanisms by which consumption of whole grain oats and barley, and β-glucans, reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other noncommunicable chronic conditions. These effects have been predominantly explained by the role of soluble dietary fibers and smaller bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, in oats and barley. These help to reduce the level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreasing postprandial blood glucose and modulating gut microbiota. In the present review, the role of viscosity development of the intestinal content by β-glucans in these mechanisms is discussed, as well as the impact of processing conditions altering the composition or the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Tosh
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bordenave
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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24
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Williams GM, Tapsell LC, O'Brien CL, Tosh SM, Barrett EM, Beck EJ. Gut microbiome responses to dietary intake of grain-based fibers with the potential to modulate markers of metabolic disease: a systematic literature review. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:1274-1292. [PMID: 33369654 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cereal fiber modulates the gut microbiome and benefits metabolic health. The potential link between these effects is of interest.0. OBJECTIVE The aim for this systematic review was to assess evidence surrounding the influence of cereal fiber intake on microbiome composition, microbiome diversity, short-chain fatty acid production, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION The MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically, and quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Evidence relating to study design, dietary data collection, and outcomes was qualitatively synthesized on the basis of fiber type. DATA ANALYSIS Forty-six primary publications and 2 secondary analyses were included. Cereal fiber modulated the microbiome in most studies; however, taxonomic changes indicated high heterogeneity. Short-chain fatty acid production, microbiome diversity, and metabolic-related outcomes varied and did not always occur in parallel with microbiome changes. Poor dietary data were a further limitation. CONCLUSIONS Cereal fiber may modulate the gut microbiome; however, evidence of the link between this and metabolic outcomes is limited. Additional research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018107117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Williams
- School of Medicine, Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda C Tapsell
- School of Medicine, Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire L O'Brien
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Susan M Tosh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eden M Barrett
- School of Medicine, Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Beck
- School of Medicine, Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Schmidt M. Cereal beta-glucans: an underutilized health endorsing food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3281-3300. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
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26
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Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Major I, Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E356. [PMID: 33322069 PMCID: PMC7770584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - John G. Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
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Effects of different delivering matrices of β-glucan on lipids in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:294-307. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstractβ-Glucan has been reported for its health benefits on blood lipids in hypercholesterolaemic individuals for years. However, people have paid little attention to the effects of β-glucan in populations with mild hypercholesterolaemia as well as the various delivering matrices. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis to analyse the effects of β-glucan with different delivering matrices in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals. After conducting a comprehensive search in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library, a total of twenty-one randomised controlled trials involving 1120 participants were identified to measure the pooled effect. The overall results indicated that consuming a dose of ≥3 g/d of β-glucan for at least 3 weeks could significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) (−0·27 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·33, −0·21, P < 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (−0·26 mmol/l, 95% CI −0·32, −0·20, P < 0·001) compared with the control group in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals, while no significant difference was observed in TAG (−0·03 mmol/l, 95% CI −0·11, 0·06, P = 0·521) and HDL-cholesterol (0·01 mmol/l, 95% CI −0·03, 0·04, P = 0·777). There was evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. In conclusion, β-glucan can significantly reduce risk factors like TC and LDL-cholesterol for CVD in mildly hypercholesterolaemic individuals; furthermore, it appears that the effects of food matrices with both ‘solid products’ and ‘liquid products’ where β-glucan was incorporated into were ranked as the best way to exert its beneficial properties, while ‘liquid’ and ‘solid’ products were ranked as the second and third positions, respectively.
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Cicero AF, Fogacci F, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Grandi E, Rizzoli E, Poli A, Marangoni F, Borghi C. A randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Medium-Term Effects of Oat Fibers on Human Health: The Beta-Glucan Effects on Lipid Profile, Glycemia and inTestinal Health (BELT) Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030686. [PMID: 32138344 PMCID: PMC7146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beta-glucan Effects on Lipid profile, glycemia and inTestinal health (BELT) Study investigated the effect of 3 g/day oat beta-glucans on plasma lipids, fasting glucose and self-perceived intestinal well-being. The Study was an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over randomized clinical trial, enrolling a sample of 83 Italian free-living subjects, adherent to Mediterranean diet, with a moderate hypercholesterolemia and a low cardiovascular risk profile. Beta-glucans reduced mean LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from baseline by 12.2% (95%CI: -15.4 to -3.8) after 4 weeks of supplementation and by 15.1% (95%CI: -17.8 to -5.9) after 8 weeks of supplementation (p < 0.01 for both comparison and versus placebo). Between baseline and 4 weeks Total Cholesterol (TC) levels showed an average reduction of 6.5% (95%CI: -10.9 to -1.9) in the beta-glucan sequence; while non-HDL-C plasma concentrations decreased by 11.8% (95%CI: -14.6 to -4.5). Moreover, after 8 weeks of beta-glucan supplementation TC was reduced by 8.9% (95%CI: -12.6 to -2.3) and non-HDL-C levels by 12.1% (95%CI: -15.6 to -5.3). Decreses in TC and non HDL-C were significant also versus placebo (respectively p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 to both follow-up visits). Fasting plasma glucose and self-perceived intestinal well-being were not affected by both beta-glucan and placebo supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Strocchi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, 20124 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Franca Marangoni
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, 20124 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
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Water Extracts of Hull-less Waxy Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar 'Boseokchal' Inhibit RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203735. [PMID: 31623242 PMCID: PMC6832910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we found that the water extracts of Boseokchal (BSC-W) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and investigated its inhibitory mechanism. BSC-W was obtained by extracting flour of Boseokchal using hexane and water. To osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or BSC-W in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 4 days. Cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8. Gene expression of cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of cells was observed by western blot assay. Bone resorption activity of osteoclast evaluated by bone pit formation assay using an Osteo Assay Plate. BSC-W inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without exerting a cytotoxic effect on BMMs. BSC-W decreased the transcriptional and translational expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are regulators of osteoclastogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression level of TRAP, DC-STAMP, and cathepsin K, which are osteoclast differentiation marker. Furthermore, BSC-W reduced the resorption activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our results indicate that BSC-W is a useful candidate for health functional foods or therapeutic agents that can help treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081729. [PMID: 31357461 PMCID: PMC6722849 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.
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Zheng Z, Huang Q, Ling C. Water-soluble yeast β‑glucan fractions with different molecular weights: Extraction and separation by acidolysis assisted-size exclusion chromatography and their association with proliferative activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:269-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thandapilly SJ, Ndou SP, Wang Y, Nyachoti CM, Ames NP. Barley β-glucan increases fecal bile acid excretion and short chain fatty acid levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. Food Funct 2018; 9:3092-3096. [PMID: 29872803 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering effect of barley β-glucan has been proposed to be the result of a pleiotropic effect, which involves several biological mechanisms such as gut fermentation, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption and increased bile acid excretion and its synthesis. However, one of the recent studies from our laboratory indicated that increased bile acid excretion and subsequent increase in its synthesis, but not the inhibition of cholesterol absorption or synthesis might be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of barley β-glucan. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present study was to investigate the concentration of bile acids (BA), neutral sterols (NS) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excreted through the feces by mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects who consumed diets containing barley β-glucan with varying molecular weights (MW) and concentrations. In a controlled, four phase, crossover trial, 30 mildly hypercholesterolemic but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive breakfast containing 3 g high MW (HMW), 5 g low MW (LMW), 3 g LMW barley β-glucan or a control diet for 5 weeks. The concentrations of BA, NS and SCFA in the feces were measured at the end of each treatment phase. Compared to the other treatment groups, 3 g day-1 HMW barley β-glucan consumption resulted in increased lithocholic acid (LCA) excretion (P < 0.001) but not LMW β-glucan, even at the high dose of 5 g day-1. Increased fermentability of fibre was also evident from a significant increase in fecal total SCFA concentrations in response to the 3 g HMW β-glucan diet compared to the 3 g LMW barley β-glucan and control diet (P = 0.0015). In summary, the current results validate our previous report on the role of fecal bile acid excretion in cholesterol lowering through the consumption of barley β-glucan. In addition, increased SCFA concentrations indicate that an increase in β-glucan molecular weight promotes hindgut fermentation, which might also be playing a role in attenuating cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijo J Thandapilly
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abdullah MMH, Eck PK, Couture P, Lamarche B, Jones PJH. The combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs3808607 (CYP7A1), and rs760241 (DHCR7) is associated with differing serum cholesterol responses to dairy consumption. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1090-1093. [PMID: 29920211 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence on the influence of genetic architecture on serum cholesterol responsiveness to dietary interventions focuses on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms and single nutrients. We associated the combination of ABCG5 rs6720173-C, CYP7A1 rs3808607-TT, and DHCR7 rs760241-GG genotypes with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the combination of rs6720173-GG, rs3808607-G, and rs760241-A genotypes (-0.37 ± 0.12 (n = 9) vs. +0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L (n = 7), p = 0.0016) following a blended dairy (3 servings/day for 4 weeks) intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
| | - Peter K Eck
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- c Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- c Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
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Kurek MA, Karp S, Stelmasiak A, Pieczykolan E, Juszczyk K, Rieder A. Effect of natural flocculants on purity and properties of β-glucan extracted from barley and oat. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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CYP7A1-rs3808607: a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with cholesterol response to functional foods. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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In vivo antimutagenic and antiatherogenic effects of the (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-d- glucan botryosphaeran. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 826:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sima P, Vannucci L, Vetvicka V. β-glucans and cholesterol (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1799-1808. [PMID: 29393350 PMCID: PMC5810204 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β-glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various natural sources, such as mushrooms. Due to their structure they are able to interact with innate immunity receptors, however they also act as dietary fibers in the digestive tract. As there are two forms of β-glucans, insoluble and soluble forms, they are able to interact with lipids and biliary salts in the bowel and consequently reduce cholesterol levels. Therefore, they may be developed as a suitable therapeutic option to treat patients with dyslipidemia, as they are natural molecules that do not induce any significant side effects. The current review discusses the evidence supporting the effects of β-glucans on cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Lu ZX, Xu WJ, Wu YS, Li CY, Chen YT. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Liver of Pioglitazone-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Sprague-Dawley Rats via Expression Profile Chip and iTRAQ Assay. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8120847. [PMID: 29744368 PMCID: PMC5878868 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify key antidiabetic nodes in the livers of pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rats by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Rats were randomly divided into the control, the diabetes model, and the pioglitazone-treated groups. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, the effects on fasting blood glucose, body weight, and blood biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Microarray and iTRAQ analysis were used to determine the differentially expressed genes/proteins in rat livers. 1.5-fold changes in gene expression and 1.2-fold changes in protein were set as the screening criteria. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, fasting blood glucose in pioglitazone-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was a tendency for pioglitazone to reduce TC, TG, TP, ALB, BUN, and HDL-c levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) were applied to analyze differentially expressed genes/proteins. Furthermore, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to validate the results of microarray and iTRAQ. In conclusion, Cyp7a1, Cp, and RT1-EC2 are differentially expressed genes/proteins since they showed a similar trend in rats in the model group and the pioglitazone-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xia Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yang-Sheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi-Tao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Abstract
Underlying mechanisms responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan have been proposed, yet have not been fully demonstrated. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of barley β-glucan lowers cholesterol by affecting the cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis or bile acid synthesis. In addition, this study was aimed to assess whether the underlying mechanisms are related to cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (CYP7A1) SNP rs3808607 as proposed by us earlier. In a controlled, randomised, cross-over study, participants with mild hypercholesterolaemia (n 30) were randomly assigned to receive breakfast containing 3 g high-molecular weight (HMW), 5 g low-molecular weight (LMW), 3 g LMW barley β-glucan or a control diet, each for 5 weeks. Cholesterol absorption was determined by assessing the enrichment of circulating 13C-cholesterol over 96 h following oral administration; fractional rate of synthesis for cholesterol was assessed by measuring the incorporation rate of 2H derived from deuterium oxide within the body water pool into the erythrocyte cholesterol pool over 24 h; bile acid synthesis was determined by measuring serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one concentrations. Consumption of 3 g HMW β-glucan decreased total cholesterol (TC) levels (P=0·029), but did not affect cholesterol absorption (P=0·25) or cholesterol synthesis (P=0·14). Increased bile acid synthesis after consumption of 3 g HMW β-glucan was observed in all participants (P=0·049), and more pronounced in individuals carrying homozygous G of rs3808607 (P=0·033). In addition, a linear relationship between log (viscosity) of β-glucan and serum 7α-HC concentration was observed in homozygous G allele carriers. Results indicate that increased bile acid synthesis rather than inhibition of cholesterol absorption or synthesis may be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of barley β-glucan. The pronounced TC reduction in G allele carriers of rs3808607 observed in the previous study may be due to enhanced bile acid synthesis in response to high-viscosity β-glucan consumption in those individuals.
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Abstract
Consumption of dietary soluble fibers has been associated with health benefits such as reduced lipid levels, lower blood pressure, improved blood glucose control, weight loss, improved immune function, and reduced inflammation. Many of these health benefits relate to a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we have reviewed recent studies on the hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary soluble fibers as well as fiber-rich foods. Findings include the following: (a) consumption of water-soluble, viscous-forming fibers can reduce total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by about 5-10 %; (b) minimal changes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels were observed; (c) cholesterol-lowering properties of soluble fibers depend on their physical and chemical properties; and (d) medium to high molecular weight fibers are more effective in reducing lipid levels. Hypocholesterolemic benefits were also observed with some fiber-rich foods, such as whole oats, whole barley, legumes, peas, beans, flax seeds, apples, and citrus foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Surampudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Byambaa Enkhmaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erdembileg Anuurad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lars Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. .,2UC Davis Medical Center, CTSC, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Rieder A, Knutsen SH, Ballance S. In vitro digestion of beta-glucan rich cereal products results in extracts with physicochemical and rheological behavior like pure beta-glucan solutions – A basis for increased understanding of in vivo effects. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bach Knudsen KE, Nørskov NP, Bolvig AK, Hedemann MS, Laerke HN. Dietary fibers and associated phytochemicals in cereals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hamajima H, Matsunaga H, Fujikawa A, Sato T, Mitsutake S, Yanagita T, Nagao K, Nakayama J, Kitagaki H. Japanese traditional dietary fungus koji Aspergillus oryzae functions as a prebiotic for Blautia coccoides through glycosylceramide: Japanese dietary fungus koji is a new prebiotic. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1321. [PMID: 27563516 PMCID: PMC4980852 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background
The Japanese traditional cuisine, Washoku, considered to be responsible for increased longevity among the Japanese, comprises various foods fermented with the non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus oryzae (koji). We have recently revealed that koji contains an abundant amount of glycosylceramide. Intestinal microbes have significant effect on health. However, the effects of koji glycosylceramide on intestinal microbes have not been studied. Materials and methods Glycosylceramide was extracted and purified from koji. C57BL/6N mice were fed a diet containing 1 % purified koji glycosylceramide for 1 week. Nutritional parameters and faecal lipid constituents were analyzed. The intestinal microbial flora of mice on this diet was investigated. Results Ingested koji glycosylceramide was neither digested by intestinal enzymes nor was it detected in the faeces, suggesting that koji glycosylceramide was digested by the intestinal microbial flora. Intestinal microbial flora that digested koji glycosylceramide had an increased ratio of Blautia coccoides. Stimulation of B. coccoides growth by pure koji glycosylceramide was confirmed in vitro. Conclusions Koji functions as a prebiotic for B. coccoides through glycosylceramide. Since there are many reports of the effects of B. coccoides on health, an increase in intestinal B. coccoides by koji glycosylceramide might be the connection between Japanese cuisine, intestinal microbial flora, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hamajima
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Haruka Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Ayami Fujikawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyushu University, Ozaki, Kanzaki-cho, Kanzaki City, Saga Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagaki
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga City, Saga Japan
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Wang X, Storsley J, Thandapilly SJ, Ames N. Effects of Processing, Cultivar, and Environment on the Physicochemical Properties of Oat β-Glucan. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-15-0245-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, W383 Duff Roblin Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joanne Storsley
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, W383 Duff Roblin Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Wang Y, Ames NP, Tun HM, Tosh SM, Jones PJ, Khafipour E. High Molecular Weight Barley β-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota Toward Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:129. [PMID: 26904005 PMCID: PMC4748052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological cholesterol-lowering benefits of β-glucan have been well documented, however, whether modulation of gut microbiota by β-glucan is associated with these physiological effects remains unknown. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the impact of β-glucan on the composition of gut microbiota in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals and to identify if the altered microbiota are associated with bioactivity of β-glucan in improving risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using a randomized, controlled crossover study design, individuals received for 5-week either a treatment breakfast containing 3 g high molecular weight (HMW), 3 g low molecular weight (LMW), 5 g LMW barley β-glucan, or wheat and rice. The American Heart Association (AHA) diet served as the background diet for all treatment groups. Phases were separated by 4-week washout periods. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each intervention phase and subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results revealed that at the phylum level, supplementation of 3 g/d HMW β-glucan increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes abundances compared to control (P < 0.001). At the genus level, consumption of 3 g/d HMW β-glucan increased Bacteroides (P < 0.003), tended to increase Prevotella (P < 0.1) but decreased Dorea (P < 0.1), whereas diets containing 5 g LMW β-glucan and 3 g LMW β-glucan failed to alter the gut microbiota composition. Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Dorea composition correlated (P < 0.05) with shifts of CVD risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, as well as triglyceride levels. Our data suggest that consumption of HMW β-glucan favorably alters the composition of gut microbiota and this altered microbiota profile associates with a reduction of CVD risk markers. Together, our study suggests that β-glucan induced shifts in gut microbiota in a MW-dependent manner and that might be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the physiological benefits of β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences-Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Cereal Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - Nancy P Ames
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences-Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Cereal Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - Hein M Tun
- Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Susan M Tosh
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Jones
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences-Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
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