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Lozano-Flores C, Trujillo-Barrientos J, Brito-Domínguez DA, Téllez-Chávez E, Cortés-Encarnación R, Medina-Durazno LD, Cornelio-Martínez S, de León-Cuevas A, Ávalos-Fernández A, Gutiérrez-Sarmiento W, Torres-Barrera A, Soto-Barragán FJ, Herrera-Oropeza G, Martínez-Olvera R, Martínez-Acevedo D, Cruz-Blake LC, Rangel-García V, Martínez-Cabrera G, Larriva-Sahd J, Pimentel-Domínguez R, Ávila R, Varela-Echavarría A. SlugAtlas, a histological and 3D online resource of the land slugs Deroceras laeve and Ambigolimax valentianus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0312407. [PMID: 39436899 PMCID: PMC11495586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their distinctive anatomical characteristics, land slugs are appealing research subjects from a variety of angles, including stem cell biology, regeneration, embryonic development, allometry, and neurophysiology. Here we present SlugAtlas, an anatomical and histological online resource of the land slugs Deroceras laeve and Ambigolimax valentianus. The atlas is composed of series of histological sections on the horizontal, sagittal, and transversal planes for both species with 3D viewing tools of their major organs. The atlas was used in this work for a comparative analysis of the major organs and tissues of these two species. We provide a comprehensive histological description of them and an explanation of novel findings of unique features of their anatomy. For D. laeve, we additionally studied its ability for degrowth and regrowth, a feature that characterizes animals with high regeneration potential and obtained initial results on the study of the regeneration of its tail. SlugAtlas is a resource that is also built to accommodate future growth and, along with the experimental techniques that we have developed, will provide the foundation for research projects in a variety of biological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lozano-Flores
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Jessica Trujillo-Barrientos
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Diego A. Brito-Domínguez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Elisa Téllez-Chávez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Rocío Cortés-Encarnación
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Lizbeth D. Medina-Durazno
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Sergio Cornelio-Martínez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | | | | | - Wilbert Gutiérrez-Sarmiento
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Aldo Torres-Barrera
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando Javier Soto-Barragán
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriel Herrera-Oropeza
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Ramón Martínez-Olvera
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - David Martínez-Acevedo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Luis C. Cruz-Blake
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Vanessa Rangel-García
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Gema Martínez-Cabrera
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge Larriva-Sahd
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | | | - Remy Ávila
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Alfredo Varela-Echavarría
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Visualización Científica Avanzada (LAVIS), Querétaro, México
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Krings W, Gorb SN, Neumann C, Wägele H. Radular Tooth Coating in Members of Dendronotidae and Flabellinidae (Nudibranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21773. [PMID: 39252400 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Nudibranchs, with their mesmerizing diversity and ecological significance, play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. Central to their feeding prowess is the radula, a chitinous structure with diverse morphologies adapted to prey preferences and feeding strategies. This study focuses on elucidating wear coping mechanisms in radular teeth of carnivorous molluscs, employing Dendronotus lacteus (Dendronotidae) and Flabellina affinis (Flabellinidae) as model species. Both species forage on hydrozoans. Through scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, nanoindentation, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the biomechanical and compositional properties of their teeth were analyzed. Notably, tooth coatings, composed of calcium (Ca) or silicon (Si) and high hardness and stiffness compared to the internal tooth structure, with varying mineral contents across tooth regions and ontogenetic zones, were found. The presence of the hard and stiff tooth coatings highlight their role in enhancing wear resistance. The heterogeneities in the autofluorescence patterns related to the distribution of Ca and Si of the coatings. Overall, this study provides into the biomechanical adaptations of nudibranch radular teeth, shedding light on the intricate interplay between tooth structure, elemental composition, and ecological function in marine molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Neumann
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Department of Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Biology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
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Krings W, Gorb SN. Performance of biological food processing interfaces: Perspectives on the science of mollusc radula. Biointerphases 2024; 19:030801. [PMID: 38940493 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mollusca comprises a diverse range of organisms, with the class Gastropoda alone boasting approximately 80 000 extant species. Their adaptability across various habitats is facilitated by the evolution of the radula, a key structure for food acquisition. The radula's composition and mechanical properties, including its chitinous membrane, teeth, and supporting structures, enable efficient food gathering and processing. Through adaptive tooth morphology and composition, an interplay between radular components is facilitated, which results in collective effects to withstand forces encountered during feeding and reduce structural failure, with the broad range of variations reflecting ecological niches. Furthermore, teeth consist of composite materials with sometimes high contents of iron, calcium, or silicon to reduce wear. During interaction with the food, the radula performs complex three-dimensional motions, challenging to document. Here, we provide a review on the morphology, the mechanical properties, the composition, and various other parameters that contribute to radular performance. Due to, e.g., the smallness of these structures, there are, however, limitations to radular research. However, numerical simulations and physical models tested on substrates offer avenues for further understanding radular function and performance during feeding. These studies not only advance our knowledge of molluscan biology and ecology but also provide inspirations for biomimetic design and further advances in materials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, Kiel 24118, Germany
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Hackethal S, Schulz-Kornas E, Gorb SN, Krings W. Wear patterns of radular teeth in Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda; Mollusca) are related to their structure and mechanical properties. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230082. [PMID: 38618237 PMCID: PMC11008966 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Radular teeth have to cope with wear, when interacting with ingesta. In some molluscan taxa, wear-coping mechanisms, related to the incorporation of high contents of iron or silica, have been previously determined. For most species, particularly for those which possess radulae without such incorporations, wear-coping mechanisms are understudied. In the present study, we documented and characterized the wear on radular teeth in the model species Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda). By applying a range of methods, the elementary composition and mechanical properties of the teeth were described, to gain insight into mechanisms for coping with abrasion. It was found that the tooth regions that are prone to wear are harder and stiffer. Additionally, the surfaces interacting with the ingesta possessed a thin coating with high contents of silicon, probably reducing abrasion. The here presented data may serve as an example of systematic study of radular wear, in order to understand the relationship between the structure of radular teeth and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hackethal
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wencke Krings
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Krings W, Karabacak H, Gorb SN. From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210377. [PMID: 34520692 PMCID: PMC8440039 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The radula is the structure used for food processing in Mollusca. It can consist of a membrane with stiffer teeth, which is, together with alary processus, muscles and odontophoral cartilages, part of the buccal mass. In malacology, it is common practice to infer potential tooth functions from morphology. Thus, past approaches to explain functional principles are mainly hypothesis driven. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a workflow testing hypotheses on the function of teeth and buccal mass components and interaction of structures, which can contribute to understanding the structure as a whole. Here, in a non-conventional approach, we introduce a physical and dynamic radular model, based on morphological data of Spekia zonata (Gastropoda, Paludomidae). Structures were documented, computer-modelled, three-dimensional-printed and assembled to gather a simplistic but realistic physical and dynamic radular model. Such a bioinspired design enabled studying of radular kinematics and interaction of parts when underlain supporting structures were manipulated in a similar manner as could result from muscle contractions. The presented work is a first step to provide a constructional manual, paving the way for even more realistic physical radular models, which could be used for understanding radular functional morphology and for the development of novel gripping devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hasan Karabacak
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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7
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Feeding experiments on Vittina turrita (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae) reveal tooth contact areas and bent radular shape during foraging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9556. [PMID: 33953284 PMCID: PMC8099886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The radula is the food gathering and processing structure and one important autapomorphy of the Mollusca. It is composed of a chitinous membrane with small, embedded teeth representing the interface between the organism and its ingesta. In the past, various approaches aimed at connecting the tooth morphologies, which can be highly distinct even within single radulae, to their functionality. However, conclusions from the literature were mainly drawn from analyzing mounted radulae, even though the configuration of the radula during foraging is not necessarily the same as in mounted specimens. Thus, the truly interacting radular parts and teeth, including 3D architecture of this complex structure during foraging were not previously determined. Here we present an experimental approach on individuals of Vittina turrita (Neritidae, Gastropoda), which were fed with algae paste attached to different sandpaper types. By comparing these radulae to radulae from control group, sandpaper-induced tooth wear patterns were identified and both area and volume loss could be quantified. In addition to the exact contact area of each tooth, conclusions about the 3D position of teeth and radular bending during feeding motion could be drawn. Furthermore, hypotheses about specific tooth functions could be put forward. These feeding experiments under controlled conditions were introduced for stylommatophoran gastropods with isodont radulae and are now applied to heterodont and complex radulae, which may provide a good basis for future studies on radula functional morphology.
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Functional morphology and post-larval development of the buccal complex in Eubranchus rupium (Nudibranchia: Aeolidida: Fionidae). ZOOLOGY 2020; 143:125850. [PMID: 33130490 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nudibranch molluscs represent an interesting model group to study the evolution of feeding apparatus and feeding modes, being characterized by specialized buccal complex in combination with extremely diverse dietary preferences and multiply prey shifts in evolutionary history. However, the plasticity of the buccal complex morphology in response to diet and specific feeding modes remains understudied. Here we study the general morphology and ontogenesis of the buccal complex in Eubranchus rupium (Nudibranchia: Fionidae). Specific goals are to provide a detailed description of buccal structures morphology in post-larval stages, suggest the feeding mechanism and discuss the phylogenetic value of the morphological characteristics of buccal armature within the genus Eubranchus. Methods included in vivo observations of the feeding process for E. rupium, light microscopic methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM). According to our results, E. rupium is a mechanical driller, boring holes in hydrozoan perisarc and sucking internal content. The mechanical drilling is supplied by functionally uniserial radula with plate-like laterals teeth of exclusively supportive function and by massive buccal musculature. Comparative phylogeny-based analysis suggests that the drilling feeding mode is common for the genus Eubranchus and indicates radular characters may have a high phylogenetic signal. The buccal complex morphology and feeding mode were found to be similar in both adults and post-metamorphic specimens, its general structures occur even in settled veligers. Juveniles and adults compete for food source, but the competition is smoothed due to characteristics of prey species growth and life cycle.
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9
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Scheel C, Gorb SN, Glaubrecht M, Krings W. Not just scratching the surface: distinct radular motion patterns in Mollusca. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio055699. [PMID: 32917764 PMCID: PMC7595699 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The radula is the organ for mechanical food processing and an important autapomorphy of Mollusca. Its chitinous membrane, embedding small radular teeth, is moved by the set of muscles resulting in an interaction with the ingesta, tearing it and collecting loosened particles. Radulae and their teeth can be quite distinct in their morphology and had been of high research interest, but only a few studies have examined the basic functional principles of this organ, the movement and motion during feeding action. Here, the radular motion of 20 representative species, belonging to four major gastropod lineages (Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia) and Polyplacophora, were recorded and classified. Comparisons of the video footage with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the radula resulted in the recognition of functional tooth rows and the correct position of the teeth during feeding. We identified six different types of radular movements, including rotations and bending of the radula itself. In each movement type, different structures act as counter bearings enabling the animals to grab and tear food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Scheel
- Animal Diversity, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Glaubrecht
- Animal Diversity, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wencke Krings
- Animal Diversity, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Mikhlina AL, Tzetlin AB, Ekimova IA, Vortsepneva EV. Drilling in the dorid species Vayssierea cf. elegans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia): Functional and comparative morphological aspects. J Morphol 2020; 280:119-132. [PMID: 30556945 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The drilling mode of feeding is known from two clades of Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. However, the level of convergence and parallelism or homology among these two lineages is unclear. The morphology of the buccal complex is well studied for drilling caenogastropods, but poorly known for drilling nudibranchs. It is also unclear whether the drilling feeding mechanism is similar between inside gastropods. Accordingly, a comparison between the feeding mechanisms of drilling nudibranchs and caenogastropods can help to understand the evolutional trends inside gastropods. In this study, we redescribe the morphology of the buccal complex of drilling dorid nudibranch Vayssierea cf. elegans, and compare it to that of previous investigations on this species and closely related dorid species. We describe the feeding mechanism of this species based on the obtained morphological and literature data and compare it to the feeding mechanisms described for drilling caenogastropods. The feeding apparatus of Vayssierea cf. elegans corresponds to the general morphology of the dorid buccal complex; that is, it has a similar arrangement of the buccal musculature and pattern of radular morphology. However, there are also adaptations to the drilling feeding mode similar to those found in Caenogastropoda: that is, specialized dissolving glands and lateral teeth with elongated pointed cusps; and even Sacoglossa: the specialized muscle for sucking. The feeding process of Vayssierea cf. elegans includes the same two stages as those described for drilling caenogastropods: (a) the boring stage, which is provided by mechanical and chemical activity, and (b) the swallowing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Mikhlina
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B Tzetlin
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N.A. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Ekimova
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena V Vortsepneva
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:475-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Page LR, Hildebrand IM, Kempf SC. Siphonariid development: Quintessential euthyneuran larva with a mantle fold innovation (Gastropoda; Panpulmonata). J Morphol 2019; 280:634-653. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise R. Page
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Victoria P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Ilsa M. Hildebrand
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Victoria P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Stephen C. Kempf
- Department of Biological Sciences 331 Funchess Hall, University of Auburn, Auburn Alabama
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Towards a sound definition of Skeneidae (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda): 3D interactive anatomy of the type species, Skenea serpuloides (Montagu, 1808) and comments on related taxa. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Dornellas APS, Simone LRL. Comparative Morphology and Redescription of Three Species ofCalliostoma(Gastropoda, Trochoidea) from Brazilian Coast. MALACOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.4002/040.056.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Golding RE, Ponder WF, Byrne M. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the odontophoral cartilages of Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda) using micro-CT: Morphology and phylogenetic significance. J Morphol 2009; 270:558-87. [PMID: 19107810 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Odontophoral cartilages are located in the molluscan buccal mass and support the movement of the radula during feeding. The structural diversity of odontophoral cartilages is currently known only from limited taxa, but this information is important for interpreting phylogeny and for understanding the biomechanical operation of the buccal mass. Caenogastropods exhibit a wide variety of feeding strategies, but there is little comparative information on cartilage morphology within this group. The morphology of caenogastropod odontophoral cartilages is currently known only from dissection and histology, although preliminary results suggest that they may be structurally diverse. A comparative morphological survey of 18 caenogastropods and three noncaenogastropods has been conducted, sampling most major caenogastropod superfamilies. Three-dimensional models of the odontophoral cartilages were generated using X-ray microscopy (micro-CT) and reconstruction by image segmentation. Considerable morphological diversity of the odontophoral cartilages was found within Caenogastropoda, including the presence of thin cartilaginous appendages, asymmetrically overlapping cartilages, and reflexed cartilage margins. Many basal caenogastropod taxa possess previously unidentified cartilaginous support structures below the radula (subradular cartilages), which may be homologous to the dorsal cartilages of other gastropods. As subradular cartilages were absent in carnivorous caenogastropods, adaptation to trophic specialization is likely. However, incongruence with specific feeding strategies or body size suggests that the morphology of odontophoral cartilages is constrained by phylogeny, representing a new source of morphological characters to improve the phylogenetic resolution of this group.
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