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Majer C, Lingel H, Arra A, Heuft HG, Bretschneider D, Balk S, Vogel K, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. PD-1/PD-L1 Control of Antigen-Specifically Activated CD4 T-Cells of Neonates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065662. [PMID: 36982735 PMCID: PMC10051326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to infections; however, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the anti-microbial T-helper cells shortly after birth remain incompletely understood. To address neonatal antigen-specific human T-cell responses against bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used as a model pathogen and comparatively analyzed in terms of the polyclonal staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen responses. Here, we report that neonatal CD4 T-cells perform activation-induced events upon S. aureus/APC-encounter including the expression of CD40L and PD-1, as well as the production of Th1 cytokines, concomitant to T-cell proliferation. The application of a multiple regression analysis revealed that the proliferation of neonatal T-helper cells was determined by sex, IL-2 receptor expression and the impact of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Indeed, the treatment of S. aureus-activated neonatal T-helper cells with PD-1 and PD-L1 blocking antibodies revealed the specific regulation of the immediate neonatal T-cell responses with respect to the proliferation and frequencies of IFNγ producers, which resembled in part the response of adults’ memory T-cells. Intriguingly, the generation of multifunctional T-helper cells was regulated by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis exclusively in the neonatal CD4 T-cell lineage. Together, albeit missing memory T-cells in neonates, their unexperienced CD4 T-cells are well adapted to mount immediate and strong anti-bacterial responses that are tightly controlled by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, thereby resembling the regulation of recalled memory T-cells of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Majer
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Arra
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Heuft
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Silke Balk
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Vogel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6724003
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Magnan A, Nicolas JF, Caimmi D, Vocanson M, Haddad T, Colas L, Scurati S, Mascarell L, Shamji MH. Deciphering Differential Behavior of Immune Responses as the Foundation for Precision Dosing in Allergen Immunotherapy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020324. [PMID: 36836557 PMCID: PMC9964800 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Like in many fields of medicine, the concept of precision dosing has re-emerged in routine practice in allergology. Only one retrospective study on French physicians' practice has addressed this topic so far and generated preliminary data supporting dose adaptation, mainly based on experience, patient profile understanding and response to treatment. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the individual immune system response to allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Herein, we focus on key immune cells (i.e., dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, B and T cells, basophils and mast cells) involved in allergic disease and its resolution to further understand the effect of AIT on the phenotype, frequency or polarization of these cells. We strive to discriminate differences in immune responses between responders and non-responders to AIT, and discuss the eligibility of a non/low-responder subset for dose adaptation. A differential behavior in immune cells is clearly observed in responders, highlighting the importance of conducting clinical trials with large cohorts of well-characterized subjects to decipher the immune mechanism of AIT. We conclude that there is a need for designing new clinical and mechanistic studies to support the scientific rationale of dose adaptation in the interest of patients who do not properly respond to AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Magnan
- INRAe UMR 0892, Hôpital Foch, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris-Saclay, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, Department Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Haddad
- Dermatology, Allergology and Vascular Medicine, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d’Allergologie, Clinique Dermatologique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Scurati
- Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-6-12-88-40-93
| | | | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
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Manches O, Um K, Boudier A, Maddouri Y, Lyon-Caen S, Bayat S, Slama R, Philippat C, Siroux V, Chaperot L. Maternal imprinting and determinants of neonates' immune function in the SEPAGES mother-child cohort. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1136749. [PMID: 37081891 PMCID: PMC10111372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune function in pregnancy is influenced by host-specific and environmental factors. This may impact fetal immune development, but the link between maternal and neonatal immune function is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigate the relationship between maternal and neonatal immune function, and identify factors affecting the association between maternal and child cytokine secretion. Methods In the French prospective cohort SEPAGES, blood samples were obtained from pregnant women (n=322) at gestational week 20 ± 4 and from their child at birth (n=156). Maternal and cord blood cytokine and chemokine (CK) levels were measured at baseline in all subjects and after T cell or dendritic cell activation with phytohemagglutinin or R848 (in total 29 and 27 measures in maternal and cord blood samples, respectively). Associations between environmental, individual factors and CK level were estimated by linear regression modeling. The maternal-cord blood CK relations were assessed by Pearson correlation and regression models. Results We observed that pregnant women and neonates displayed specific CK secretion profiles in the innate and adaptive compartments at baseline and upon activation. Activation of T cells in cord blood induced high levels of IL-2, but low levels of IFNγ, IL-13 or IL-10, in comparison to maternal blood samples. Elsewhere, neonatal innate immune responses were characterized by low production of IFNα, while productions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα were higher than maternal responses. Strong correlations were observed between most CK after activation in maternal and cord blood samples. Strikingly, a statistical association between global mother and child cytokine profiles was evidenced. Correlations were observed between some individual CK of pregnant women and their children, both at baseline (MCP1, RANTES) and after activation with R848 (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10). We looked for factors which could influence cytokine secretion in maternal or cord blood, and found that leucocyte counts, maternal age, pre-conception BMI, smoking and season were associated with the levels of several CK in mothers or children. Discussion Our study reveals in utero immune imprinting influencing immune responses in infants, opening the way to investigate the mechanisms responsible for this imprinting. Whether such influences have long lasting effects on children health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Manches
- EFS, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Khémary Um
- EFS, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yasmina Maddouri
- EFS, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Pulmonology and Physiology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- EFS, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Laurence Chaperot,
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Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. Considerations of CD8+ T Cells for Optimized Vaccine Strategies Against Respiratory Viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918611. [PMID: 35774782 PMCID: PMC9237416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of vaccines that protect against respiratory viruses appears to be the induction of neutralizing antibodies for a long period. Although this goal need not be changed, recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have drawn strong attention to another arm of acquired immunity, CD8+ T cells, which are also called killer T cells. Recent evidence accumulated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed that even variants of SARS-CoV-2 that escaped from neutralizing-antibodies that were induced by either infection or vaccination could not escape from CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. In addition, although traditional vaccine platforms, such as inactivated virus and subunit vaccines, are less efficient in inducing CD8+ T cells, newly introduced platforms for SARS-CoV-2, namely, mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, can induce strong CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity in addition to inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, CD8+ T cells function locally and need to be at the site of infection to control it. To fully utilize the protective performance of CD8+ T cells, it would be insufficient to induce only memory cells circulating in blood, using injectable vaccines; mucosal immunization could be required to set up CD8+ T cells for the optimal protection. CD8+ T cells might also contribute to the pathology of the infection, change their function with age and respond differently to booster vaccines in comparison with antibodies. Herein, we overview cutting-edge ideas on CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity that can enable the rational design of vaccines for respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hirai
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshiro Hirai,
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Webster HC, Gamino V, Andrusaite AT, Ridgewell OJ, McCowan J, Shergold AL, Heieis GA, Milling SWF, Maizels RM, Perona-Wright G. Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1257-1269. [PMID: 35428872 PMCID: PMC9705258 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is activated in response to both allergens and helminth infection. It can be detrimental or beneficial, and there is a pressing need to better understand its regulation. The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known as a T helper 2 (Th2) effector molecule, but it is currently unclear whether IL-10 dampens or promotes Th2 differentiation during infection. Here we show that helminth infection in mice elicits IL-10 expression in both the intestinal lamina propria and the draining mesenteric lymph node, with higher expression in the infected tissue. In vitro, exogenous IL-10 enhanced Th2 differentiation in isolated CD4+ T cells, increasing expression of GATA3 and production of IL-5 and IL-13. The ability of IL-10 to amplify the Th2 response coincided with its suppression of IFNγ expression and in vivo we found that, in intestinal helminth infection, IL-10 receptor expression was higher on Th1 cells in the small intestine than on Th2 cells in the same tissue, or on any Th cell in the draining lymph node. In vivo blockade of IL-10 signalling during helminth infection resulted in an expansion of IFNγ+ and Tbet+ Th1 cells in the small intestine and a coincident decrease in IL-13, IL-5 and GATA3 expression by intestinal T cells. These changes in Th2 cytokines correlated with reduced expression of type 2 effector molecules, such as RELMα, and increased parasite egg production. Together our data indicate that IL-10 signalling promotes Th2 differentiation during helminth infection at least in part by regulating competing Th1 cells in the infected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Webster
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Virginia Gamino
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna T Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olivia J Ridgewell
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack McCowan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy L Shergold
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham A Heieis
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Sánchez KE, Spencer LM. Pregnancy-associated malaria: Effects of cytokine and chemokine expression. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Martins Costa Gomes G, de Gouveia Belinelo P, Starkey MR, Murphy VE, Hansbro PM, Sly PD, Robinson PD, Karmaus W, Gibson PG, Mattes J, Collison AM. Cord blood group 2 innate lymphoid cells are associated with lung function at 6 weeks of age. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1296. [PMID: 34306680 PMCID: PMC8292948 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Offspring born to mothers with asthma in pregnancy are known to have lower lung function which tracks with age. Human group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) accumulate in foetal lungs, at 10‐fold higher levels compared to adult lungs. However, there are no data on foetal ILC2 numbers and the association with respiratory health outcomes such as lung function in early life. We aimed to investigate cord blood immune cell populations from babies born to mothers with asthma in pregnancy. Methods Cord blood from babies born to asthmatic mothers was collected, and cells were stained in whole cord blood. Analyses were done using traditional gating approaches and computational methodologies (t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding and PhenoGraph algorithms). At 6 weeks of age, the time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a percentage of total expiratory flow time (tPTEF/tE%) was determined as well as Lung Clearance Index (LCI), during quiet natural sleep. Results Of 110 eligible infants (March 2017 to November 2019), 91 were successfully immunophenotyped (82.7%). Lung function was attempted in 61 infants (67.0%), and 43 of those infants (70.5% of attempted) had technically acceptable tPTEF/tE% measurements. Thirty‐four infants (55.7% of attempted) had acceptable LCI measurements. Foetal ILC2 numbers with increased expression of chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule (CRTh2), characterised by two distinct analysis methodologies, were associated with poorer infant lung function at 6 weeks of age.” Conclusion Foetal immune responses may be a surrogate variable for or directly influence lung function outcomes in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Patricia de Gouveia Belinelo
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs - Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs - Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia.,Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs - Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia.,Sleep Medicine Department John Hunter Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia.,Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department John Hunter Children's Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Adam M Collison
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® - Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
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Martins Costa Gomes G, Karmaus W, Murphy VE, Gibson PG, Percival E, Hansbro PM, Starkey MR, Mattes J, Collison AM. Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147431. [PMID: 34299892 PMCID: PMC8303567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for altered immune maturation in the offspring. We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) or <2.5 μm (PM2.5), humidity, and temperature. Ninety-one cord blood samples were collected, stained, and assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Principal Component (PC) analyses of both air pollutants and cell types with linear regression were employed to define associations. Considering risk factors and correlations between PCs, only one PC from air pollutants and two from cell types were statistically significant. PCs from air pollutants were characterized by higher PM2.5 and lower SO2 levels. PCs from cell types were characterized by high numbers of CD8 T cells, low numbers of CD4 T cells, and by high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and low numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs). PM2.5 levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with high numbers of pDCs (p = 0.006), and SO2 with high numbers of CD8 T cells (p = 0.002) and low numbers of CD4 T cells (p = 0.011) and mDCs (p = 4.43 × 10−6) in cord blood. These data suggest that ambient SO2 and PM2.5 exposure are associated with shifts in cord blood cell types that are known to play significant roles in inflammatory respiratory disease in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.M.C.G.); (V.E.M.); (E.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Vanessa E. Murphy
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.M.C.G.); (V.E.M.); (E.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.G.G.); (P.M.H.)
- Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Percival
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.M.C.G.); (V.E.M.); (E.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (P.G.G.); (P.M.H.)
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.M.C.G.); (V.E.M.); (E.P.); (J.M.)
- Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine Department, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Adam M. Collison
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell®, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.M.C.G.); (V.E.M.); (E.P.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4042-0219
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Venter C, Palumbo MP, Sauder KA, Glueck DH, Starling AP, Ringham BM, O'Mahony L, Moore BF, Yang IV, Dabelea D. Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy, Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth, and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2003-2012.e3. [PMID: 33744233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have demonstrated associations between maternal dietary inflammatory index (DII) during pregnancy and offspring asthma and/or wheeze. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess associations between maternal DII during pregnancy and 1) offspring cord sera pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) at birth and 2) offspring asthma and/or wheeze at age 4 years. DESIGN The Healthy Start study is a prospective prebirth longitudinal study that recruited pregnant women in Denver, Colorado and tracked their offspring. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used data from 1228 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Healthy Start study. Pregnant women were recruited in Denver, Colorado, between 2009 and 2014, and offspring tracked until age 4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cord sera cytokines and chemokines were analyzed with multiplex panel immunoassays. Offspring diagnosis of asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years was extracted from electronic medical records. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Covariates included factors such as nulliparity, race/ethnicity, gestational smoking, and maternal history of asthma. RESULTS Unadjusted analysis showed that increasing maternal DII scores were associated with increased odds of child asthma and/or wheeze by 4 years (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.27), but the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the adjusted model (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99-1.33). There were no significant associations between DII scores and cord sera cytokine or chemokine levels. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the inflammatory profile of the maternal diet was not associated with cytokines and chemokine levels at birth. The results suggested that a more inflammatory maternal diet was associated with increased odds of offspring asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years, which could be considered of clinical relevance but the finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level.
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10
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Pierau M, Arra A, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. Preventing Atopic Diseases During Childhood - Early Exposure Matters. Front Immunol 2021; 12:617731. [PMID: 33717110 PMCID: PMC7946845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic diseases in childhood are a major burden worldwide and there is still a lack of knowledge about treatable causes. In industrialized countries such as Germany, almost every second child is sensitized to at least one common allergen. Recent studies show that although the predisposition to allergies is inherited, the adaptive immune system of neonates and infants follows a developmental trajectory and whether an allergy actually occurs depends also on timing of allergen exposure including diet as well as environmental factors. New recommendations are far from being rigid of allergen avoidance; it is rather moving toward conditions that stand for more biodiversity. The observation that introduction of peanuts or eggs early in life significantly reduced the development of a later allergy will change our recommendations for the introduction of complementary foods. This is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis that early provocation shapes the developing immune system so that it reacts appropriately. Therefore, promoting the development of tolerance is at the heart of sensible allergy prevention - and this begins with the last trimester of pregnancy. In light of this concept, actual recommendations are discussed.
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11
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Semmes EC, Chen JL, Goswami R, Burt TD, Permar SR, Fouda GG. Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595297. [PMID: 33552052 PMCID: PMC7858666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their ability to develop long-lasting immunity is limited. Understanding the particularities of the neonatal adaptive immune system is therefore critical to guide the design of immune-based interventions, including vaccines, in early life. In this review, we present a thorough summary of T cell, B cell, and humoral immunity in early life and discuss infant adaptive immune responses to pathogens and vaccines. We focus on the differences between T and B cell responses in early life and adulthood, which hinder the generation of long-lasting adaptive immune responses in infancy. We discuss how knowledge of early life adaptive immunity can be applied when developing vaccine strategies for this unique period of immune development. In particular, we emphasize the use of novel vaccine adjuvants and optimization of infant vaccine schedules. We also propose integrating maternal and infant immunization strategies to ensure optimal neonatal protection through passive maternal antibody transfer while avoiding hindering infant vaccine responses. Our review highlights that the infant adaptive immune system is functionally distinct and uniquely regulated compared to later life and that these particularities should be considered when designing interventions to promote pediatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Semmes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ria Goswami
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Trevor D. Burt
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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12
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The Association of Tuberculosis Mono-infection and Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB-HIV) Co-infection in the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:104. [PMID: 33159613 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the impact of TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection on the pathogenesis of adverse maternal outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and adverse fetal outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and low birth weight. RECENT FINDINGS Research has shown that HDP, such as severe pre-eclampsia (PE) and eclampsia, as well as adverse fetal outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight, are higher in women diagnosed with TB mono-infection and even higher in TB-HIV co-infection compared to those without TB. This is speculated to occur due to exaggerated activation of both angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin 2, (Ang 2), intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), (IL-17), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ). There is a lack of information with regard to the pathogenesis of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes upon TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection; therefore, further investigations on the impact of TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes are urgently needed. This will assist in improving diagnostic procedures in pregnant women affected with TB as wells as TB-HIV co-infection.
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13
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Bozward AG, Wootton GE, Podstawka O, Oo YH. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Tolerogenic Immunological State During Pregnancy and Immune Escape in Post-partum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591380. [PMID: 33072138 PMCID: PMC7541906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune system engages in a fine balancing act during pregnancy by simultaneously maintaining immune tolerance to the fetus and immune responses to protect against invading organisms. Pregnancy is an intricately orchestrated process where effector immune cells with fetal specificity are selectively silenced. This requires a sustained immune suppressive state not only by expansion of maternal Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) but also by leaning the immune clock toward a Th2 dominant arm. The fetus, known as a semi-allograft or temporary-self, leads to remission of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy. However, this tolerogenic immune state reverts back to a Th1 dominant arm, resulting in post-partum flare of AIH. Various hormones play a significant role in endocrine-immune axis during pregnancy. The placenta functions as a barrier between the maternal immune system and the fetus also plays a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. We review the evidence of immune tolerance during pregnancy and immune escape at post-partum period, focusing on patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grace E Wootton
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar Podstawka
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Transplant and Hepatology Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Knolle J, Pierau M, Hebel K, Lampe K, Jorch G, Kropf S, Arens C, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1640. [PMID: 32849561 PMCID: PMC7402172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Every sixth child suffers from hypertrophy of the adenoid, a secondary lymphoid organ, at least once in childhood. Little is known about the impact of pathogen-provocation vs. developmental impact on T-cell responses after 1 year of age. Therefore, developmental and infection-driven influences on the formation of T-cell-compartments and -multifunctionality in adenoids were analyzed taking into account patient's history of age and inflammatory processes. Here, we show that in adenoids of 102 infants and children similar frequencies of naïve, effector, and memory T-cells were accumulated, whereby history of suffering from subsequent infection symptoms resulted in lower frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells co-expressing several cytokines. While patients suffering from sole nasal obstruction had balanced Th1- and Th17-compartments, Th1 dominated in patients with concomitant upper airway infections. In addition, analysis of cytokine co-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed that children at the age of three or older differed significantly from those being 1- or 2-years old, implicating a developmental switch in T-cell differentiation at that age. Yet, dissecting age and infectious history of the patients revealed that while CD8+ T-cell differentiation seems to be triggered by development, CD4+ T-cell functionality is partly impaired by infections. However, this functionality recovers by the age of 3 years. Thus, 3 years of age seems to be a critical period in an infant's life to develop robust T-cell compartments of higher quality. These findings identify important areas for future research and distinguish an age period in early childhood when to consider adjusting the choice of treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Knolle
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lampe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jorch
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kropf
- Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Arens
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Circulating Cytokines Associated with Poor Pregnancy Outcomes in Beninese Exposed to Infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00042-20. [PMID: 32513854 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00042-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. Previous studies, including our own, suggested that placental and peripheral cytokine and chemokine levels measured at delivery can be used as biomarkers for pregnancy outcomes. However, the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy matters, and these studies do not address the effect of different cytokines in peripheral blood plasma samples taken at early and midpregnancy and at delivery. Here, we aimed to investigate whether peripheral plasma cytokine levels were associated with pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of 400 Beninese pregnant women. Using a high-sensitivity cytometry-based method, we quantified the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in peripheral plasma samples taken at two time points during pregnancy and at delivery in various groups of pregnant women identified with Plasmodium falciparum infection, with anemia, with preterm births, or giving birth to babies who are small for their gestational age. We found that, consistently at all time points, elevated levels of IL-10 were strongly and significantly associated with P. falciparum infection, while the levels of IFN-γ at inclusion and delivery were weakly but also significantly associated. Low levels of IL-5 at delivery were associated with a greater risk of both preterm births and small-for-gestational-age babies. The immunosuppressive effects of IL-10 likely affect the overall cytokine equilibrium during pregnancy in women harboring P. falciparum infections. Our findings highlight the peripheral signature of pregnancy outcomes and strengthen the idea of using cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
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16
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Song J, Zhao L, Song M. A Lactococcus lactis-vectored oral vaccine induces protective immunity of mice against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli lethal challenge. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:57-63. [PMID: 32569608 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a global primary pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhoea in human and a wide variety of neonatal animals. Lactococcus lactis as non-pathogenic and food-grade lactic acid bacteria has already been explored as a vector for mucosal vaccine. Here, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the live recombinant L. lactis (rL. lactis) vaccine expressing the trivalent enterotoxin protein STa-LTB-STb and the F5 fimbrial antigen (SLS-F5) with OmpH of Yersinia enterocolitica in protection against ETEC. Western blot confirmed the expression of fusion protein SLS-F5-OmpH in nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. Mice orally immunized with rL. lactis-SLS-F5-OmpH were observed to produce high levels of mucosal SIgA and serum IgG antibodies, while also inducing increases in the production of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and secretion of cytokines. Moreover, orally immunized mice produced complete protection after ETEC challenge. The above results suggested that rL. lactis-SLS-F5-OmpH has the potential as a candidate for oral vaccine against ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Harbin Weike Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liangyou Zhao
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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17
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Yeates AJ, McSorley EM, Mulhern MS, Spence T, Crowe W, Grzesik K, Thurston SW, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, van Wijngaarden E, Strain JJ. Associations between maternal inflammation during pregnancy and infant birth outcomes in the Seychelles Child Development Study. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 137:102623. [PMID: 31710980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Markers of maternal inflammation may determine infant birth outcomes. METHOD OF STUDY Maternal serum samples were collected at 28 weeks gestation (n = 1418) in the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2 and analyzed for immune markers by MSD multiplex assay, including cytokines from the Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) subsets, with IL-6, MCP-1, TARC, sFlt-1 and VEGF-D. Associations of log-transformed immune markers with birthweight, length, head circumference and gestational age were assessed by multiple linear regression models, which were adjusted for maternal age, BMI, parity, child sex, gestational age and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Neither total Th1, Th2 nor Th1:Th2 were significantly associated with any birth outcome. However, the angiogenesis marker VEGF-D was predictive of a lower birthweight, (β = -0.058, P = 0.017) and birth length (β = -0.088, P = 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of CRP were predictive of a lower birthweight (β = -0.057, P = 0.023) and IL-2 (β = 0.073, P = 0.009) and the chemokine MCP-1 (β = 0.067, P = 0.016) were predictive of a longer gestational age. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of healthy pregnant women, we found no evidence for associations between the Th1 or Th2 inflammatory markers with birth outcomes. However, VEGF-D and CRP appear to predict lower birthweight and IL-2 and MCP-1 a longer gestation. Greater understanding is required of the variation in these immune markers at different gestational stages, as well as the factors which may regulate their balance in healthy pregnancy. n = 233.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - E M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - M S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - T Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - W Crowe
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - K Grzesik
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - S W Thurston
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - G E Watson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - G J Myers
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - P W Davidson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - C F Shamlaye
- Child Development Centre, Ministry of Health, Box 52, Victoria, MahÉ, Republic of Seychelles
| | - E van Wijngaarden
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
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18
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Al-Ghamdi BR, Koshak EA, Omer FM, Awadalla NJ, Mahfouz AA, Ageely HM. Immunological Factors Associated with Adult Asthma in the Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142495. [PMID: 31336954 PMCID: PMC6678431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of asthma is on the rise in Saudi Arabia. Data regarding the immunological profile of asthma in adults in the Aseer region, in southwestern Saudi Arabia, have not been well studied. Objectives: Our aim was to study the immunological factors associated with sensitization to asthma among adults in the Aseer region. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a nested case control design in a 1:1 ratio was conducted on a sample of adults attending primary health care centers in the Aseer region. The study used a validated Arabic version of the International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The presence of wheezing in the past 12 months was used as a proxy for bronchial asthma. Matched age and sex controls were selected. Both groups were tested for complete blood count (CBC), total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count including eosinophils, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and cytokine levels. Results: The present study included 110 cases and 157 age- and sex-matched controls. Rye wheat was found to be a significant outdoor sensitizing agent ((odds ratio) OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.06–25.69). Indoors, house dust mites Dermatophagoides petronyssinus (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.04–3.99) and Dermatophagoides farinae (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.09–5.75) were significant. Higher total IgE (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10–3.06) and eosinophil levels (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.14–7.15) were significantly associated with adult bronchial asthma in Aseer. On the other hand, the role of cytokines was not significant. Conclusions: In the present study, certain environmental agents were found to be important with regards to sensitization to bronchial asthma in adults. Knowledge about these sensitization agents should be disseminated to health providers and treating physicians in order to enhance preventive environmental control measures and asthma management. Asthma-treating physicians in the region should be alerted to the use of targeted biological therapies in selected asthmatics with difficult-to-control courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr R Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Emad A Koshak
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhreldin M Omer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil J Awadalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Hussein M Ageely
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Ege MJ. Prenatal Markers of Asthma and Maternal Asthma Status. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:529-530. [PMID: 30141967 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0211ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Ege
- 1 Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany
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20
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Jeljeli M, Guérin-El Khourouj V, Pédron B, Gressens P, Sibony O, Sterkers G. Ontogeny of cytokine responses to PHA from birth to adulthood. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:63-70. [PMID: 30928996 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered production of cytokines is believed to contribute to early childhood susceptibility to infection. The aim of this study was to get further insight into the developmental patterns of cytokine responses from birth to adulthood. METHODS The expression levels of 13 cytokines were compared in the supernatants of phytohemaggluttinin (PHA)-stimulated whole blood from healthy neonates (cord blood, n = 8), infants ( < 1-year-old, n = 20), and school-aged children (3-15 y; n = 20). Five adults were used as reference. RESULTS While Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine levels increased progressively from birth to childhood (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.003), high IL-10 secretion at birth dropped to low adult levels in infants (p < 0.004) such that a negative correlation between IL-10 and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine levels at birth (Spearman's correlation, r < -0.70, p < 0.01) converted to a positive correlation in infants (r > 0.60, p < 0.001). Finally, high IL-2, IL-7, and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating factor (G-CSF) cytokine levels at birth decreased steadily over the first year of life (Mann-Whitney, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The most noticeable result of the study is the rapid shift from enhanced IL-10 secretion capacity at birth toward balanced IL-10/Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels early in life. This change appears an essential precondition to fight pathogens and at the same time to avoid overwhelming inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jeljeli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France.,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Guérin-El Khourouj
- Laboratory of Immunology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France.,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Pédron
- Laboratory of Immunology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France.,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1141, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Sibony
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Gynecology Obstetric, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Sterkers
- Laboratory of Immunology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France. .,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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21
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Brennan K, O'Leary BD, Mc Laughlin D, Kinlen D, Molloy EJ, Cody D, Paran S, McAuliffe FM, Hogan AE, Doyle SL. Nucleic acid cytokine responses in obese children and infants of obese mothers. Cytokine 2019; 119:152-158. [PMID: 30909151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Almost a third of Irish children are now overweight and the country ranks 58th out of 200 countries for its proportion of overweight youths. With the rising obesity epidemic, and the impaired immune responses of this population, it is vital to understand the effects that obesity has on the immune system and to design future therapeutics, adjuvants and vaccines with overweight and obese populations in mind. Many current vaccines use adjuvants that have been found to be less effective at stimulating the immune response in children compared with adults and there is now substantial effort to design paediatric-focused adjuvants. Additionally, vaccine responses have been shown to be less effective in obese populations indicating that this is a particularly vulnerable population. We have recently identified cytosolic nucleic acids (CNAs), as novel candidate adjuvants for childhood vaccines. Here we investigated whether immune responses to these candidate adjuvants were adversely affected in infants born to overweight or obese mothers, and in overweight and obese children. Type I Interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) are vital for driving innate and adaptive immune responses. We found that childhood obesity conferred no significant adverse effect on CNA-induced Type I IFN responses when compared with lean children. Similarly, Type I IFN responses were intact in the cord blood of babies delivered from overweight and obese mothers, when compared with lean mothers. There was also no significant impact of obesity on CNA-induced TNFα responses in children or from cord blood of infants born to overweight/obese mothers. In all cases, there was a tendency towards decreased production of innate cytokine Type I Interferon and TNFα, however there was no significant negative correlation. Interestingly, high maternal BMI showed weak and moderate positive correlation with IL-12p70 and IFNγ, respectively, in response to CNA stimulation. This study demonstrates that future adjuvants can be tailored for these populations through the use of activators of CNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiva Brennan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bobby D O'Leary
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danielle Mc Laughlin
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - David Kinlen
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan Cody
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sri Paran
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; Education and Research Centre and Conway Institute, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Doyle
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Verhoeven D. Influence of Immunological Maturity on Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Morbidity in Young Children. Viral Immunol 2018; 32:76-83. [PMID: 30499759 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a very frequent viral respiratory pathogen of the young (<5 years old) with a significant portion of young toddlers having been infected before 2 years of age. Although we understand that some of the morbidity associated with RSV in neonates is due to immunological maturation that favors immunosuppression over antiviral innate and/or adaptive immune responses, the rapid development of the immune system right after birth suggests that each age group (newborn, early infant, older infant, toddler, and older) may respond to the virus in different ways. In this study, we summarize the morbidity associated with infection in young children in the context of immunological maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the ramifications for poor innate control of viral pathogenesis. We also summarize key mechanisms that contribute to the diminished antiviral innate immune responses of these young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Verhoeven
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames , Iowa
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Rothers J, Stern DA, Lohman IC, Spangenberg A, Wright AL, DeVries A, Vercelli D, Halonen M. Maternal Cytokine Profiles during Pregnancy Predict Asthma in Children of Mothers without Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:592-600. [PMID: 29863910 PMCID: PMC6236694 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0410oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about whether maternal immune status during pregnancy influences asthma development in the child. We measured cytokine production in supernatants from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood immune cells collected during and after pregnancy from the mothers of children enrolled in the Tucson Infant Immune Study, a nonselected birth cohort. Physician-diagnosed active asthma in children through age 9 and a history of asthma in their mothers were assessed through questionnaires. Maternal production of each of the cytokines IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 during pregnancy was unrelated to childhood asthma. However, IFN-γ/IL-13 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios during pregnancy were associated with a decreased risk of childhood asthma (n = 381; odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.66; P = 0.002; and n = 368; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.71; P = 0.003, respectively). The inverse relations of these two ratios with childhood asthma were only evident in mothers without asthma (n = 309; OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.42; P = 0.00007; and n = 299; OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07-0.39; P = 0.00003, respectively) and not in mothers with asthma (n = 72 and 69, respectively; P for interaction by maternal asthma = 0.036 and 0.002, respectively). Paternal cytokine ratios were unrelated to childhood asthma. Maternal cytokine ratios in mothers without asthma were unrelated to the children's skin-test reactivity, total IgE, physician-confirmed allergic rhinitis at age 5, or eczema in infancy. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that cytokine profiles in pregnant mothers without asthma relate to the risk for childhood asthma, but not allergy, and suggests a process of asthma development that begins in utero and is independent of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rothers
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- College of Nursing
| | | | | | | | - Anne L. Wright
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Marilyn Halonen
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Yu J, Liu X, Li Y, Meng S, Wu F, Yan B, Xue Y, Ma T, Yang J, Liu J. Maternal exposure to farming environment protects offspring against allergic diseases by modulating the neonatal TLR-Tregs-Th axis. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:34. [PMID: 30140427 PMCID: PMC6098605 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the development of urbanization in China, the morbidity of allergic disease rise up prominently even in children, which may be partially associated with the excessively clean environment. It has been reported that common microorganism in rural environment shows protective effects on allergic disease by modulating TLRs-Tregs/Th cell axis. But the mechanism of this protection still needs to be elucidated in detail. We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to farming environment on the neonatal innate immune system, especially on the TLR-Treg-Th (Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17) axis, in the Jilin province of China. Methods Eighty-four non-farming and 42 farming pregnant women were recruited. Endotoxins and glucans in dust from the living rooms of the pregnant mothers were measured. Cord blood mononuclear cells were challenged with phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, or peptidoglycan. Proliferative response of lymphocyte was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation methods, CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells percentage was assessed with flow cytometry, Tregs specific genes (FOXP3, LAG3, GITR, CTLA-4 and TGF-β) and TLR2, TLR4 genes expression were detected by RT-PCR, specific cytokines of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Tregs were measured with flow cytometer, suppressive capacity of Tregs was tested by culturing with effector cells in vitro, and TLR2/4 gene polymorphism was detected. Results Higher endotoxin content was observed in the living rooms of the farming mothers. Compared with that in the non-farming group, in farming neonatal CBMCs, lymphocyte proliferation declined; the IFN-γ/IL-13 ratio increased; and the quantity of Tregs and gene expression of FOXP3, GITR, CTLA4 and TLR2 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Isolated Tregs suppressed the proliferation of effector T cells and IL-13 production more strongly in vitro (P = 0.04, 0.03, respectively), and the TLR2 polymorphism affected FOXP3 expression and IFN-γ and IL-13 production. Conclusions Maternal exposure to farming affected the quantity and function of neonatal Tregs upon stimulation with PPG and LPS, which partly contributed to reducing the risk for allergic diseases in the offspring. The results of our study will lay the theoretical foundation for allergic disease prevention in early life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13601-018-0220-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Yu
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Li
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- 4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdi Yan
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Xue
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Tiangang Ma
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Yang
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 Jilin People's Republic of China
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Lin S, Guan W, LaZhou C, Shi Y. Left lung hypoplasia with a right tuberculous pleural effusion after childbirth: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10868. [PMID: 29794790 PMCID: PMC6393107 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Unilateral hypoplasia of the lung is a rare congenital condition, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Primary pulmonary hypoplasia occurring in an adult is extremely rare and we present what is probably the first case of a link to a tuberculous pleural effusion in a young woman after childbirth. PATIENT CONCERNS Herein, we describe a 31-year-old woman with left lung hypoplasia, and she not only survived to adulthood without problems, but was able to deliver a baby in natural labor. DIAGNOSES Left lung hypoplasia, right tuberculous pleural effusion. INTERVENTIONS We initiated an anti-tuberculosis treatment for this patient with dose adjustments to her weight of isoniazid (0.3 g/day), rifampicin (0.45 g/day), pyrazinamide (1.5 g/day), and ethambutol (0.75 g/day) for 2 months then isoniazid and rifampicin for another 4 months. OUTCOMES Ten days later after beginning therapy, she became afebrile and the pleural effusion resolved. No recurrence was observed during a 6-month follow-up period. LESSONS In clinical practice, if one sees a chest x-ray revealing complete or incomplete opacification of a hemithorax with volume loss and history of repeated respiratory infections, one should consider the possibility of unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia. In such cases, regular close follow-up is important to minimize infections and to prevent development of cor pulmonale or respiratory failure.
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Iqbal S, Lockett GA, Holloway JW, Arshad SH, Zhang H, Kaushal A, Tetali SR, Mukherjee N, Karmaus WJJ. Changes in DNA Methylation from Age 18 to Pregnancy in Type 1, 2, and 17 T Helper and Regulatory T-Cells Pathway Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E477. [PMID: 29415463 PMCID: PMC5855699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To succeed, pregnancies need to initiate immune biases towards T helper 2 (Th2) responses, yet little is known about what establishes this bias. Using the Illumina 450 K platform, we explored changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell pathway genes before and during pregnancy. Female participants were recruited at birth (1989), and followed through age 18 years and their pregnancy (2011-2015). Peripheral blood DNAm was measured in 245 girls at 18 years; from among these girls, the DNAm of 54 women was repeatedly measured in the first (weeks 8-21, n = 39) and second (weeks 22-38, n = 35) halves of pregnancy, respectively. M-values (logit-transformed β-values of DNAm) were analyzed: First, with repeated measurement models, cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) of pathway genes in pregnancy and at age 18 (nonpregnant) were compared for changes (p ≤ 0.05). Second, we tested how many of the 348 pathway-related CpGs changed compared to 10 randomly selected subsets of all other CpGs and compared to 10 randomly selected subsets of other CD4+-related CpGs (348 in each subset). Contrasted to the nonpregnant state, 27.7% of Th1-related CpGs changed in the first and 36.1% in the second half of pregnancy. Among the Th2 pathway CpGs, proportions of changes were 35.1% (first) and 33.8% (second half). The methylation changes suggest involvement of both Th1 and Th2 pathway CpGs in the immune bias during pregnancy. Changes in regulatory T cell and Th17 pathways need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Iqbal
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Newport PO30 5TG, UK.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Kaushal
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Sabarinath R Tetali
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Wilfried J J Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, 3825 DeSoto Avenue Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Okamgba OC, Ifeanyichukwu MO, Ilesanmi AO, Chigbu LN. Variations in the leukocyte and cytokine profiles between placental and maternal circulation in pregnancy-associated malaria. Res Rep Trop Med 2018; 9:1-8. [PMID: 30050350 PMCID: PMC6047617 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s137829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of immune cells by malaria infection induces the secretion of cytokines and the synthesis of other inflammatory mediators. This study compared the cytokine levels and leukocyte count between malaria-infected peripheral and placental blood of pregnant women before delivery and postpartum. The cytokines assessed include interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects comprised 144 malaria-infected pregnant women and 60 malaria-infected women at post-partum stage (for placental blood collection). Others were 60 malaria-uninfected pregnant women and 40 malaria-uninfected women at postpartum stage (for placental blood collection). Forty malaria-infected and 40 malaria-uninfected nonpregnant women served as control subjects. The test groups were asymptomatic, and the control groups were apparently healthy subjects. All were aged between 17 and 44 years. Ethical approval for the study was obtained at Abia State University Teaching Hospital and Living Word Mission Hospital, Aba. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Blood samples were aseptically collected initially from the maternal peripheral circulation and from the placenta on delivery, and tested for HIV and malaria using standard methods. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison of the groups. RESULTS IFN-γ was significantly higher in the peripheral than in placental blood (P=0.001). IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly lower in the peripheral than in placental blood (P=0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). The total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the placenta than in peripheral blood (P=0.001), and the mixed differential count was significantly higher in the placenta than in peripheral blood (P=0.012). CONCLUSION This study has shown that the cytokine levels and leukocyte counts may differ between the peripheral and placental blood of the same women. Therefore, measurement of parameters in the peripheral circulation may not always reflect the levels in the placental blood for the assessment of immune cellular response at the materno-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okezie Caleb Okamgba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State
| | - Martin O Ifeanyichukwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State
| | - Ayodele O Ilesanmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State,
| | - Lawrence N Chigbu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Nasiri M, Jahangirizadeh K. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene rs1042658 variant and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 16:35-40. [PMID: 29675486 PMCID: PMC5899768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte colony-in stimulating factor (G-CSF) gene can be a potential candidate gene implicated recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), a common complication of pregnancy with the prevalence of 1-5% among women of reproductive age. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between rs1042658 polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of G-CSF gene and the risk of unexplained RPL among Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 122 women with unexplained RPL and 140 healthy postmenopausal women as a control group were enrolled in this case-control study. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the rs1042658 genotypes in all subjects. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were detected between the distribution frequencies of both heterozygote CT, and carriage of T allele (TT+CT) genotypes of the rs1042658 between case and control groups. Allelic association was not observed with RPL. CONCLUSION Regarding the results of the present study, G-CSF rs1042658 gene polymorphism could be considered as a probable risk factor for unexplained RPL among Iranian women.
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Orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing β-toxoid of Clostridium perfringens that induced protective immunity responses. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:332-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Cell intrinsic characteristics of human cord blood naïve CD4T cells. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:51-57. [PMID: 29180044 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been generally considered that the perinatal immune system is less inflammatory compared to the adult system and type 2 responses predominate perinatal immune responses against antigens. Indeed, previous studies in mice showed that there are cell-intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult CD4T cells. However, studies on human cord blood and infant blood demonstrated that human perinatal T cells do not produce elevated levels of Th2 cytokines with the exception of IL-13. These data raise the question if human T cells in the perinatal blood fundamentally differ from adult T cells. To decipher differences between human perinatal and adult T cells, we performed a focused comparative analysis on purified naïve CD4T cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood. Our data demonstrate naïve CD4T cells from UCB differ from adult naïve CD4T cells in surface expression of CD26, dipeptidyl peptidase-4. While only a fraction of effector/memory T cells from adult blood express CD26, practically all T cells from UCB express high levels of CD26. We also determined that Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions induce UCB CD4T cells to produce higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-5 compared to adult CD4T cells, respectively. These data demonstrate intrinsic differences between UCB and adult naive CD4T cells and suggest that human perinatal immune responses involve more complex mechanisms than the previously thought Th2-dominant responses.
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Recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Clostridium perfringens toxoids α, β2, ε and β1 gives protection against Clostridium perfringens in rabbits. Vaccine 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Solanki AK, Bhatia B, Kaushik H, Deshmukh SK, Dixit A, Garg LC. Clostridium perfringens beta toxin DNA prime-protein boost elicits enhanced protective immune response in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5699-5708. [PMID: 28523396 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens beta toxin (CPB) is the primary pathogenic factor responsible for necrotic enteritis in sheep, cattle and humans. Owing to rapid progression of the disease, vaccination is the only possible recourse to avoid high mortality in animal farms and huge economic losses. The present study reports evaluation of a cpb gene-based DNA vaccine encoding the beta toxin of C. perfringens with homologous as well as heterologous booster strategy. Immunization strategy employing heterologous booster with heat-inactivated rCPB mounted stronger immune response when compared to that generated by homologous booster. Antibody isotyping and cytokine ELISA demonstrated the immune response to be Th1-biased mixed immune response. While moderate protection of immunized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice against rCPB challenge was observed with homologous booster strategy, heterologous booster strategy led to complete protection. Thus, beta toxin-based DNA vaccine using the heterologous prime-boosting strategy was able to generate better immune response and conferred greater degree of protection against high of dose rCPB challenge than homologous booster regimen, making it an effective vaccination approach against C. perfringens beta toxin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Clostridium perfringens/immunology
- Clostridium perfringens/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/immunology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention & control
- Enterocytes/microbiology
- Immunization/methods
- Immunization, Secondary
- Intestines/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Solanki
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bharati Bhatia
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Himani Kaushik
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sachin K Deshmukh
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lalit C Garg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Hou R, Garner M, Holmes C, Osmond C, Teeling J, Lau L, Baldwin DS. Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and immune balance in Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Case-controlled study. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:212-218. [PMID: 28161475 PMCID: PMC5373436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous investigations have demonstrated that major depression is associated with particular patterns of cytokine signalling. The primary aim of this study was to examine peripheral pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune balance in Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD). METHODS A case-controlled cross-sectional study design was employed: 54 patients with GAD and 64 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Two pro-inflammatory and two anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS Case-control logistic regression analyses revealed significant differences in serum levels of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ between GAD and control groups after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption: these group differences were independent of the presence or degree of depression. Comparison of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios indicated that there were significantly higher ratios of TNF-α/IL10, TNF-α/IL4, IFN-γ/IL10, and IFN-γ/IL4 in the GAD group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their balance in patients with GAD in comparison to healthy controls. The findings indicate a relatively increased pro-inflammatory response and decreased anti-inflammatory response and provide the first demonstration of an altered cytokine balance in GAD. Serum cytokine levels in GAD were independent of the presence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Hou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Garner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton,Department of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - Clive Osmond
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton
| | | | - Laurie Lau
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - David S. Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton,University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town
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Xia Y, Yang J, Wang G, Li C, Li Q. Age-Related Changes in DNA Methylation Associated with Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance. Inflammation 2017; 39:1892-1903. [PMID: 27650651 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to explore age-related changes in the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and determine the corresponding status of DNA methylation. The plasma IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and expression of Th-related cytokines and transcription factors in CD4+ splenocytes were observed in mice at different weeks of age. The DNA methylation levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ promoters and the related regulatory regions in CD4+ splenocytes of mice at different weeks of age were analyzed. The DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) levels in CD4+ splenocytes of mice were analyzed. Changes in plasma IL-4 and IFN-γ levels after 5-AZA injection were evaluated. Plasma IL-4 and IL-4 expression in CD4+ splenocytes declined with increasing age, while the IFN-γ expression levels increased. Th-related transcription factors showed no differences in mice at different weeks of age. The DNMT1 and DNMT3b mRNA expression did not show significant changes in CD4+ splenocytes, whereas the DNMT3a mRNA expression increased with age. DNA methylation in the IL-4 promoter was increased, while DNA methylation in the IFN-γ promoter was decreased. The methylation of RSH7, CNS-1, and HSV increased significantly with age. Age-related changes in DNA methylation may be associated with the shift in Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengrong Li
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Badawy AAB. Tryptophan availability for kynurenine pathway metabolism across the life span: Control mechanisms and focus on aging, exercise, diet and nutritional supplements. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:248-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The infant gut bacterial microbiota and risk of pediatric asthma and allergic diseases. Transl Res 2017; 179:60-70. [PMID: 27469270 PMCID: PMC5555614 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the many areas being revolutionized by the recent introduction of culture-independent microbial identification techniques is investigation of the relationship between close contact with large animals, antibiotics, breast feeding, mode of birth, and other exposures during infancy as related to a reduced risk of asthma and allergic disease. These exposures were originally clustered under the "Hygiene Hypothesis" which has evolved into the "Microbiota Hypothesis". This review begins by summarizing epidemiologic studies suggesting that the common feature of these allergy risk-related exposures is their influence on the founding and early development of a child's gut microbiota. Next, studies using culture-independent techniques are presented showing that children who have experienced the exposures of interest have altered gut microbiota. Finally, selected mouse and human studies are presented which begin to corroborate the protective exposures identified in epidemiologic studies by elucidating mechanisms through which microbes can alter immune development and function. These microbially driven immune alterations demonstrate that microbial exposures in many cases could alter the risk of subsequent allergic disease and asthma. Hopefully, a better understanding of how microbes influence allergic disease will lead to safe and effective methods for reducing the prevalence of all forms of allergic disease.
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Jung AR, Ahn SH, Park IS, Park SY, Jeong SI, Cheon JH, Kim K. Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulation of PKC and IL-4. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:416. [PMID: 27776525 PMCID: PMC5078902 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) is produced from fermented soybeans, which is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated whether Douchi attenuates protein kinase C (PKC) and interleukin (IL)-4 response and cutaneous inflammation in Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like NC/Nga mice. METHODS To induce AD-like skin lesions, D. farinae antigen was applied to the dorsal skin of 3-week-old NC/Nga mice. After inducing AD, Douchi extract was administered 20 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks to the Douchi-treated mice group. We identified the changes of skin barrier and Th2 differentiation through PKC and IL-4 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Douchi treatment of NC/Nga mice significantly reduced clinical scores (p < 0.01) and histological features. The levels of PKC and IL-4 were significantly reduced in the Douchi-treated group (p < 0.01). The reduction of IL-4 and PKC led to decrease of inflammatory factors such as substance P, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (all p < 0.01). Douchi also down-regulated Th1 markers (IL-12, TNF-α) as well as Th2 markers (IL-4, p-IκB) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Douchi alleviates AD-like skin lesions through suppressing of PKC and IL-4. These results also lead to diminish levels of substance P, iNOS and MMP-9 in skin lesions. Therefore, Douchi may have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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38
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Bothamley GH, Ehlers C, Salonka I, Skrahina A, Orcau A, Codecasa LR, Ferrarese M, Pesut D, Solovic I, Dudnyk A, Anibarro L, Denkinger C, Guglielmetti L, Muylle I, Confalonieri M. Pregnancy in patients with tuberculosis: a TBNET cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:304. [PMID: 27729022 PMCID: PMC5059923 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objectives: To determine whether the incidence of tuberculosis with pregnancy is more common than would be expected from the crude birth rate; to see whether there is significant delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis during pregnancy. Method Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting: 13 tuberculosis clinics within different European countries and the USA. Population/sample: All patients with tuberculosis seen at these clinics for a period > 1 year. Instrument: Questionnaire survey based on continuous data collection. Main outcome measures: number and proportion of women with tuberculosis who were pregnant; timing of diagnosis in relation to pregnancy, including those who were pregnant or delivered in the 3 months prior to the diagnosis of TB and those who developed TB within 3 months after delivery. Results Pregnancy occurred in 224 (1.5 %) of 15,217 TB patients and followed the expected rate predicted from the crude birth rate for the clinic populations. TB was diagnosed more commonly in the 3 months after delivery (n = 103) than during pregnancy (n = 68; χ2 = 25.1, P < 0.001). Conclusions TB is diagnosed more frequently after delivery, despite variations in local TB incidence and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Bothamley
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Homerton University Hospital, London, E9 6SR, UK.
| | - Cordula Ehlers
- TBNET Office, Centre for Research-Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Irina Salonka
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alena Skrahina
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Angels Orcau
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi R Codecasa
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrarese
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragica Pesut
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Solovic
- National Institute for Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Disease and Thoracic Surgery Vyšné Hágy, Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Andrii Dudnyk
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Luis Anibarro
- Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | | | - Inge Muylle
- UMC St. Pieter - CHU St. Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
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Djuardi Y, Supali T, Wibowo H, Heijmans BT, Deelen J, Slagboom EP, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M. Maternal and child cytokine relationship in early life is not altered by cytokine gene polymorphisms. Genes Immun 2016; 17:380-385. [PMID: 27581100 PMCID: PMC5223084 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of immune responses is influenced by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Our previous study showed a close association between maternal and young infant's cytokine responses. The question is how this association evolves over time and the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to this association. Five cytokines in mitogen-stimulated whole blood culture were measured from pregnant mothers and their children aged 2, 5, 12, 24 and 48 months. Cytokine gene polymorphisms were determined in both mothers and children. High production of maternal interleukin (IL)-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly associated with higher levels of the corresponding cytokines in their children at 2 months (T2), but the association decreased over time. Maternal single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IFN-γ gene, rs3181032, was found to be associated with child's IFN-γ levels at T2 only, whereas maternal IL-10 rs4579758 and child's TNF-α rs13215091 were associated with child's corresponding cytokines at later ages but not at T2. In the final models including the gene polymorphisms, maternal cytokines were still the strongest determinant of child cytokines. Maternal cytokine during pregnancy, which could be a proxy for child's environmental factors, showed its highest impact at early age, with no or little influence from genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Djuardi
- Department of Parasitology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - H Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - B T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E P Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J J Houwing-Duistermaat
- Medical Statistics, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Oral immunization of mice against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin with a Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing epsilon toxoid. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 40:282-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Genser B, Fischer JE, Figueiredo CA, Alcântara-Neves N, Barreto ML, Cooper PJ, Amorim LD, Saemann MD, Weichhart T, Rodrigues LC. Applied immuno-epidemiological research: an approach for integrating existing knowledge into the statistical analysis of multiple immune markers. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:11. [PMID: 27206492 PMCID: PMC4875650 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunologists often measure several correlated immunological markers, such as concentrations of different cytokines produced by different immune cells and/or measured under different conditions, to draw insights from complex immunological mechanisms. Although there have been recent methodological efforts to improve the statistical analysis of immunological data, a framework is still needed for the simultaneous analysis of multiple, often correlated, immune markers. This framework would allow the immunologists’ hypotheses about the underlying biological mechanisms to be integrated. Results We present an analytical approach for statistical analysis of correlated immune markers, such as those commonly collected in modern immuno-epidemiological studies. We demonstrate i) how to deal with interdependencies among multiple measurements of the same immune marker, ii) how to analyse association patterns among different markers, iii) how to aggregate different measures and/or markers to immunological summary scores, iv) how to model the inter-relationships among these scores, and v) how to use these scores in epidemiological association analyses. We illustrate the application of our approach to multiple cytokine measurements from 818 children enrolled in a large immuno-epidemiological study (SCAALA Salvador), which aimed to quantify the major immunological mechanisms underlying atopic diseases or asthma. We demonstrate how to aggregate systematically the information captured in multiple cytokine measurements to immunological summary scores aimed at reflecting the presumed underlying immunological mechanisms (Th1/Th2 balance and immune regulatory network). We show how these aggregated immune scores can be used as predictors in regression models with outcomes of immunological studies (e.g. specific IgE) and compare the results to those obtained by a traditional multivariate regression approach. Conclusion The proposed analytical approach may be especially useful to quantify complex immune responses in immuno-epidemiological studies, where investigators examine the relationship among epidemiological patterns, immune response, and disease outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0149-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Genser
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n - Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-040, Brazil. .,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joachim E Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n - Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-040, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Philip J Cooper
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Crónicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leila D Amorim
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n - Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-040, Brazil.,Instituto de Matemática, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marcus D Saemann
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yamaguchi T, Takizawa F, Fischer U, Dijkstra JM. Along the Axis between Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity; Principles Conserved in Evolution from Fish to Mammals. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:814-59. [PMID: 26593954 PMCID: PMC4690019 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A phenomenon already discovered more than 25 years ago is the possibility of naïve helper T cells to polarize into TH1 or TH2 populations. In a simplified model, these polarizations occur at opposite ends of an "immune 1-2 axis" (i1-i2 axis) of possible conditions. Additional polarizations of helper/regulatory T cells were discovered later, such as for example TH17 and Treg phenotypes; although these polarizations are not selected by the axis-end conditions, they are affected by i1-i2 axis factors, and may retain more potential for change than the relatively stable TH1 and TH2 phenotypes. I1-i2 axis conditions are also relevant for polarizations of other types of leukocytes, such as for example macrophages. Tissue milieus with "type 1 immunity" ("i1") are biased towards cell-mediated cytotoxicity, while the term "type 2 immunity" ("i2") is used for a variety of conditions which have in common that they inhibit type 1 immunity. The immune milieus of some tissues, like the gills in fish and the uterus in pregnant mammals, probably are skewed towards type 2 immunity. An i2-skewed milieu is also created by many tumors, which allows them to escape eradication by type 1 immunity. In this review we compare a number of i1-i2 axis factors between fish and mammals, and conclude that several principles of the i1-i2 axis system seem to be ancient and shared between all classes of jawed vertebrates. Furthermore, the present study is the first to identify a canonical TH2 cytokine locus in a bony fish, namely spotted gar, in the sense that it includes RAD50 and bona fide genes of both IL-4/13 and IL-3/ IL-5/GM-CSF families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany.
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany.
| | - Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Dengakugakubo 1-98, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Hu Y, Wu L, Wang C, Luo J, Liao F, Tan H, He H. Swainsonine exposure induces impairment of host immune response in pregnant BALB/c mice. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:53. [PMID: 26335138 PMCID: PMC4559345 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swainsonine can cause serious disorders in reproduction of livestock, affecting both corpora lutea and reproductive hormone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of swainsonine about the immunotoxic effects on pregnant mice in vivo. RESULTS The peripheral Th1/Th2 was detected by Ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of phase pregnant mice. Relevant cytokines in serum was evaluated after exposed to different dose of swainsonine. Gene expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC was assessed by real-time PCR. Swainsonine caused vacuolization phenomenon of lutein cells and a dose-effect relationship. The IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α were promoted, but IL-4 and IL-10 were suppressed in serum. Swainsonine significantly increased IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α nuclear translocation and decreased IL-4 and IL-10. Swainsonine resulted in a significant shift of peripheral Th1/Th2 paradigm to Th1. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the immunomodulatory of swainsonine disturbed the regular immunologic state of the pregnant mice. This may increase the risk of abortion and probably resulted in serious disorders in reproduction of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Hu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China. .,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Hongxuan He
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
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Fyhrquist N, Ruokolainen L, Suomalainen A, Lehtimäki S, Veckman V, Vendelin J, Karisola P, Lehto M, Savinko T, Jarva H, Kosunen TU, Corander J, Auvinen P, Paulin L, von Hertzen L, Laatikainen T, Mäkelä M, Haahtela T, Greco D, Hanski I, Alenius H. Acinetobacter species in the skin microbiota protect against allergic sensitization and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1301-1309.e11. [PMID: 25262465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human commensal microbiota interacts in a complex manner with the immune system, and the outcome of these interactions might depend on the immune status of the subject. OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested a strong allergy-protective effect for Gammaproteobacteria. Here we analyze the skin microbiota, allergic sensitization (atopy), and immune function in a cohort of adolescents, as well as the influence of Acinetobacter species on immune responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The skin microbiota of the study subjects was identified by using 16S rRNA sequencing. PBMCs were analyzed for baseline and allergen-stimulated mRNA expression. In in vitro assays human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and primary keratinocytes were incubated with Acinetobacter lwoffii. Finally, in in vivo experiments mice were injected intradermally with A lwoffii during the sensitization phase of the asthma protocol, followed by readout of inflammatory parameters. RESULTS In healthy subjects, but not in atopic ones, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter species was associated with the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules by PBMCs. Moreover, healthy subjects exhibited a robust balance between anti-inflammatory and TH1/TH2 gene expression, which was related to the composition of the skin microbiota. In cell assays and in a mouse model, Acinetobacter species induced strong TH1 and anti-inflammatory responses by immune cells and skin cells and protected against allergic sensitization and lung inflammation through the skin. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that skin commensals play an important role in tuning the balance of TH1, TH2, and anti-inflammatory responses to environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Fyhrquist
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alina Suomalainen
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Lehtimäki
- Molecular Immunology Group, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Veckman
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Vendelin
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maili Lehto
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Savinko
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Jarva
- Haartman Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo U Kosunen
- Haartman Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena von Hertzen
- Allergy Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Allergy Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Allergy Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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45
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Abelius MS, Lempinen E, Lindblad K, Ernerudh J, Berg G, Matthiesen L, Nilsson LJ, Jenmalm MC. Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:387-93. [PMID: 24953298 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of the intra-uterine environment on the immunity and allergy development in the offspring is unclear. We aimed to investigate (i) whether the pregnancy magnifies the Th2 immunity in allergic and non-allergic women, (ii) whether the maternal chemokine levels during pregnancy influenced the offspring's chemokine levels during childhood and (iii) the relationship between circulating Th1/Th2-associated chemokines and allergy in mothers and children. METHODS The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and the Th2-associated chemokines CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 were quantified by Luminex and ELISA in 20 women with and 36 women without allergic symptoms at gestational week (gw) 10-12, 15-16, 25, 35, 39 and 2 and 12 months post-partum and in their children at birth, 6, 12, 24 months and 6 years of age. Total IgE levels were measured using ImmunoCAP Technology. RESULTS The levels of the Th2-like chemokines were not magnified by pregnancy. Instead decreased levels were shown during pregnancy (irrespectively of maternal allergy status) as compared to post-partum. In the whole group, the Th1-like chemokine levels were higher at gw 39 than during the first and second trimester and post-partum. Maternal CXCL11, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during and after pregnancy correlated with the corresponding chemokines in the offspring during childhood. Increased CCL22 and decreased CXCL10 levels in the children were associated with sensitisation and increased CCL17 levels with allergic symptoms during childhood. Maternal chemokine levels were not associated with maternal allergic disease. CONCLUSIONS Allergic symptoms and sensitisation were associated with decreased Th1- and increased Th2-associated chemokine levels during childhood, indicating a Th2 shift in the allergic children, possibly influenced by the maternal immunity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina S Abelius
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Division of Inflammation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Hebel K, Weinert S, Kuropka B, Knolle J, Kosak B, Jorch G, Arens C, Krause E, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. CD4+ T cells from human neonates and infants are poised spontaneously to run a nonclassical IL-4 program. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5160-70. [PMID: 24778440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Senescence or biological aging impacts a vast variety of molecular and cellular processes. To date, it is unknown whether CD4(+) Th cells display an age-dependent bias for development into specific subpopulations. In this study, we show the appearance of a distinct CD4(+) T cell subset expressing IL-4 at an early stage of development in infant adenoids and cord blood that is lost during aging. We identified by flow cytometric, fluorescent microscopic, immunoblot, and mass spectrometric analysis a population of CD4(+) T cells that expressed an unglycosylated isoform of IL-4. This T cell subpopulation was found in neonatal but not in adult CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we show that the mRNA of the Th2 master transcription factor GATA3 is preferentially expressed in neonatal CD4(+) T cells. The Th2 phenotype of the IL-4(+)CD4(+) T cells could be reinforced in the presence of TGF-β. Although the IL-4(+)CD4(+) T cells most likely originate from CD31(+)CD4(+) T recent thymic emigrants, CD31 was downregulated prior to secretion of IL-4. Notably, the secretion of IL-4 requires a so far unidentified trigger in neonatal T cells. This emphasizes that cytokine expression and secretion are differentially regulated processes. Our data support the hypothesis of an endogenously poised cytokine profile in neonates and suggest a link between cytokine production and the developmental stage of an organism. The determination of the IL-4 isoform-expressing cells in humans might allow the identification of Th2 precursor cells, which could provide novel intervention strategies directed against Th2-driven immunopathologies such as allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hebel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Soenke Weinert
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Julienne Knolle
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kosak
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jorch
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Arens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Ruediger C Braun-Dullaeus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Bothamley GH. Management of TB during pregnancy, especially in high-risk communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.09.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Halonen M, Lohman IC, Stern DA, Ellis WL, Rothers J, Wright AL. Perinatal tumor necrosis factor-α production, influenced by maternal pregnancy weight gain, predicts childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:35-41. [PMID: 23590270 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1265oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Innate immune responses marked by increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been associated with asthma but whether such alterations are evident before symptoms is not yet clear. OBJECTIVES To determine if prevalence of childhood asthma or asthma-related traits is predicted by perinatal innate immune status and if maternal factors related to pregnancy influence asthma prevalence and innate immune status. METHODS In the Tucson Infant Immune Study (a nonselected birth cohort), presence of eczema and wheezing in the child's first year and physician-diagnosed asthma through age 9 and asthma in the parents was obtained from parent-completed questionnaires. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured in supernatants of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at birth and 3 months as was TNF-α in plasma. TNF-α single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by Sequenom. Percent predicted FEV1/FVC was measured at age 9. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and prepregnancy weight were ascertained from medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Infants with persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-α at birth and 3 months were at increased risk for childhood asthma (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; confidence interval [CI], 1.9-8.8; n = 233; P = 0.0003) and had decreased FEV1/FVC ratios at age 9. Children with mothers in the top tertile for pregnancy weight gain had increased risk for asthma (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.7-6.9; n = 225; P = 0.001) and persistently elevated TNF-α in early life (OR, 2.9; CI, 1.4-8.2; n = 195; P = 0.013). These relations were independent of maternal asthma and rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS Persistently elevated LPS-induced TNF-α production early in life acts as a predictive biomarker for childhood asthma, and excess pregnancy weight gain in the mother seems to contribute to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Halonen
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Renovation activities during pregnancy induce a Th2 shift in fetal but not in maternal immune system. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pretreatment levels of circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and their ratios, are associated with ER-negative and triple negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:477-88. [PMID: 23624818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune signatures in breast tumors differ by estrogen receptor (ER) status. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between ER phenotypes and circulating levels of cytokines that co-ordinate cell-mediated [T-helper type 1 (Th1)] and humoral [T-helper type 2 (Th2)] immunity. We conducted a case-case comparison of 523 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer to evaluate associations between 27 circulating cytokines, measured using Luminex XMap technology, and breast cancer phenotypes [ER(-) vs. ER(+); triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) vs. luminal A (LumA)]. Ratios of Th1 to Th2 cytokines were also evaluated. Levels of interleukin (IL)-5, a Th-2 cytokine, were higher in ER(-) than in ER(+) tumors. The highest tertile of IL-5 was more strongly associated with ER(-) (OR = 2.33, 95 % CI 1.40-3.90) and TNBCs (OR = 2.78, 95 % CI 1.53-5.06) compared to ER(+) and LumA cancers, respectively, particularly among premenopausal women (OR = 4.17, 95 % CI 1.86-9.34, ER(-) vs. ER(+); OR = 5.60, 95 % CI 2.09-15.01, TNBC vs. LumA). Elevated Th1 cytokines were also detected in women with ER(-) and TNBCs, with women in the highest tertile of interferon α2 (OR = 2.39, 95 % CI 1.31-4.35) or tumor necrosis factor-α (OR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.21-4.26) being twice as likely to have TNBC versus LumA cancer. When cytokine ratios were examined, women with the highest ratios of Th1 cytokines to IL-5 levels were least likely to have ER(-) or TNBCs compared to ER(+) or LumA cancers, respectively. The strongest associations were in premenopausal women, who were up to 80 % less likely to have TNBC than LumA cancers (IL-12p40/IL-5, OR = 0.19, 95 % CI 0.07-0.56). These findings indicate that immune function is associated with ER(-) and TNBC and may be most relevant among younger women, who are likely to be diagnosed with these aggressive phenotypes.
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