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Mugo RM, Oser L, Midha A, Adjah J, Kundik A, Laubschat A, Höfler P, Musimbi ZD, Hayani R, Schlosser-Brandenburg J, Hartmann S, Rausch S. Acute Ascaris infection impairs the effector functions of natural killer cells in single and Salmonella co-infected pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14586. [PMID: 38918457 PMCID: PMC11199589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in defense against Salmonella infections during the early phase of infection. Our previous work showed that the excretory/secretory products of Ascaris suum repressed NK activity in vitro. Here, we asked if NK cell functionality was influenced in domestic pigs during coinfection with Ascaris and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Ascaris coinfection completely abolished the IL-12 and IL-18 driven elevation of IFN-γ production seen in CD16 + CD8α + perforin + NK cells of Salmonella single-infected pigs. Furthermore, Ascaris coinfection prohibited the Salmonella-driven rise in NK perforin levels and CD107a surface expression. In line with impaired effector functions, NK cells from Ascaris-single and coinfected pigs displayed elevated expression of the inhibitory KLRA1 and NKG2A receptors genes, contrasting with the higher expression of the activating NKp46 and NKp30 receptors in NK cells during Salmonella single infection. These differences were accompanied by the highly significant upregulation of T-bet protein expression in NK cells from Ascaris-single and Ascaris/Salmonella coinfected pigs. Together, our data strongly indicate a profound repression of NK functionality by an Ascaris infection which may hinder infected individuals from adequately responding to a concurrent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Mugo
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Larissa Oser
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankur Midha
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua Adjah
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arkadi Kundik
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Laubschat
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Höfler
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zaneta D Musimbi
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rima Hayani
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rausch
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Fol M, Karpik W, Zablotni A, Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Godkowicz M, Druszczynska M. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections. Cells 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38391948 PMCID: PMC10886880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Zablotni
- Department of Bacterial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
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3
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Wang R, Cui W, Yang H. The interplay between innate lymphoid cells and microbiota. mBio 2023; 14:e0039923. [PMID: 37318214 PMCID: PMC10470585 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00399-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mainly resident in mucosal tissues such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, so they are closely linked to the microbiota. ILCs can protect commensals to maintain homeostasis and increase resistance to pathogens. Moreover, ILCs also play an early role in defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, before the intervention of adaptive immune system. Due to the lack of adaptive antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells, ILCs need to use other means to sense the signals of microbiota and play a role in corresponding regulation. In this review, we focus on and summarize three major mechanisms used in the interaction between ILCs and microbiota: the mediation of accessory cells represented by dendritic cells; the metabolic pathways of microbiota or diet; the participation of adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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4
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Bottino C, Della Chiesa M, Sorrentino S, Morini M, Vitale C, Dondero A, Tondo A, Conte M, Garaventa A, Castriconi R. Strategies for Potentiating NK-Mediated Neuroblastoma Surveillance in Autologous or HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194548. [PMID: 36230485 PMCID: PMC9559312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-risk neuroblastomas (HR-NB) are malignant tumors of childhood that are treated with a very aggressive and life-threatening approach; this includes autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the infusion of a mAb targeting the GD2 tumor-associated antigen. Although the current treatment provided benefits, the 5-year overall survival remains below 50% due to relapses and refractoriness to therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to ameliorate the standard therapeutic protocol, particularly improving the immune-mediated anti-tumor responses. Our review aims at summarizing and critically discussing novel immunotherapeutic strategies in HR-NB, including NK cell-based therapies and HLA-haploidentical HSCT from patients’ family. Abstract High-risk neuroblastomas (HR-NB) still have an unacceptable 5-year overall survival despite the aggressive therapy. This includes standardized immunotherapy combining autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the anti-GD2 mAb. The treatment did not significantly change for more than one decade, apart from the abandonment of IL-2, which demonstrated unacceptable toxicity. Of note, immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option in cancer and could be optimized by several strategies. These include the HLA-haploidentical αβT/B-depleted HSCT, and the antibody targeting of novel NB-associated antigens such as B7-H3, and PD1. Other approaches could limit the immunoregulatory role of tumor-derived exosomes and potentiate the low antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of CD16 dim/neg NK cells, abundant in the early phase post-transplant. The latter effect could be obtained using multi-specific tools engaging activating NK receptors and tumor antigens, and possibly holding immunostimulatory cytokines in their construct. Finally, treatments also consider the infusion of novel engineered cytokines with scarce side effects, and cell effectors engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Our review aims to discuss several promising strategies that could be successfully exploited to potentiate the NK-mediated surveillance of neuroblastoma, particularly in the HSCT setting. Many of these approaches are safe, feasible, and effective at pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01056363855
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and HSCT, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Pediatric Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Pediatric Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Wang C, Cui A, Bukenya M, Aung A, Pradhan D, Whittaker CA, Agarwal Y, Thomas A, Liang S, Amlashi P, Suh H, Spranger S, Hacohen N, Irvine DJ. Reprogramming NK cells and macrophages via combined antibody and cytokine therapy primes tumors for elimination by checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110021. [PMID: 34818534 PMCID: PMC8653865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments aiming to augment immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer often focus on T cell immunity, but innate immune cells may have important roles to play. Here, we demonstrate a single-dose combination treatment (termed AIP) using a pan-tumor-targeting antibody surrogate, half-life-extended interleukin-2 (IL-2), and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which primes tumors to respond to subsequent ICB and promotes rejection of large established tumors in mice. Natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages activated by AIP treatment underwent transcriptional reprogramming; rapidly killed cancer cells; governed the recruitment of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and other leukocytes; and induced normalization of the tumor vasculature, facilitating further immune infiltration. Thus, innate cell-activating therapies can initiate critical steps leading to a self-sustaining cycle of T cell priming driven by ICB. Wang et al. report an immune priming therapy based on a single dose of anti-tumor antibodies, IL-2, and anti-PD-1, which engages natural killer cells and macrophages, promotes lymphocyte recruitment and activation, and elicits vascular normalization. This priming strategy allows subsequent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to eradicate large, established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensu Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maurice Bukenya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dikshant Pradhan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayush Thomas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Liang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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6
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Mayfosh AJ, Goodall KJ, Nguyen T, Baschuk N, Hulett MD. Heparanase is a regulator of natural killer cell activation and cytotoxicity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1211-1224. [PMID: 34693552 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-259rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme capable of cleaving heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces. Most immune cells express heparanase that contributes to a range of functions including cell migration and cytokine expression. Heparanase also promotes natural killer (NK) cell migration; however, its role in other NK cell functions remains to be defined. In this study, heparanase-deficient (Hpse-/- ) mice were used to assess the role of heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity, activation, and cytokine production. Upon challenge with the immunostimulant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), NK cells isolated from Hpse-/- mice displayed impaired cytotoxicity against EO771.LMB cells and reduced levels of activation markers CD69 and NKG2D. However, in vitro cytokine stimulation of wild-type and Hpse-/- NK cells resulted in similar CD69 and NKG2D expression, suggesting the impaired NK cell activation in Hpse-/- mice results from elements within the in vivo niche. NK cells are activated in vivo by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-stimulated Hpse-/- bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) expressed less IL-12, and when cultured with Hpse-/- NK cells, less MCP-1 mRNA and protein was detected. Although cell-cell contact is important for DC-mediated NK cell activation, co-cultures of Hpse-/- BMDCs and NK cells showed similar levels of contact to wild-type cells, suggesting heparanase contributes to NK cell activation independently of cell-cell contact with DCs. These observations define a role for heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity and activation and have important implications for how heparanase inhibitors currently in clinical trials for metastatic cancer may impact NK cell immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katharine J Goodall
- oNKo-innate Pty. Ltd. Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Meijerink N, van den Biggelaar RHGA, van Haarlem DA, Stegeman JA, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. A detailed analysis of innate and adaptive immune responsiveness upon infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in young broiler chickens. Vet Res 2021; 52:109. [PMID: 34404469 PMCID: PMC8369617 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is a zoonotic pathogen which causes foodborne diseases in humans as well as severe disease symptoms in young chickens. More insight in innate and adaptive immune responses of chickens to SE infection is needed to understand elimination of SE. Seven-day-old broiler chickens were experimentally challenged with SE and numbers and responsiveness of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as antibody titers were assessed. SE was observed in the ileum and spleen of SE-infected chickens at 7 days post-infection (dpi). At 1 dpi numbers of intraepithelial cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were significantly increased alongside numerically increased intraepithelial IL-2Rα+ and 20E5+ natural killer (NK) cells at 1 and 3 dpi. At both time points, activation of intraepithelial and splenic NK cells was significantly enhanced. At 7 dpi in the spleen, presence of macrophages and expression of activation markers on dendritic cells were significantly increased. At 21 dpi, SE-induced proliferation of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed and SE-specific antibodies were detected in sera of all SE-infected chickens. In conclusion, SE results in enhanced numbers and activation of innate cells and we hypothesized that in concert with subsequent specific T cell and antibody responses, reduction of SE is achieved. A better understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses important in the elimination of SE will aid in developing immune-modulation strategies, which may increase resistance to SE in young broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meijerink
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin H G A van den Biggelaar
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne A van Haarlem
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Arjan Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Division Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Lemme-Dumit JM, Cazorla SI, Perdigón GDV, Maldonado-Galdeano C. Probiotic Bacteria and Their Cell Walls Induce Th1-Type Immunity Against Salmonella Typhimurium Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660854. [PMID: 34054825 PMCID: PMC8149796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been associated with a variety of health benefits. They can act as adjuvant to enhance specific immune response. Bacterial cell wall (CW) molecules are key structures that interact with host receptors promoting probiotic effects. The adjuvant capacity underlying this sub-cellular fraction purified from Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and L. paracasei CNCMI-1518 remains to be characterized. We interrogated the molecular and cellular events after oral feeding with probiotic-derived CW in addition to heat-inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium and their subsequent protective capacity against S. Typhimurium challenge. Intact probiotic bacteria were orally administered for comparison. We find that previous oral feeding with probiotics or their sub-cellular fraction reduce bacterial burden in spleen and liver after Salmonella challenge. Antibody responses after pathogen challenge were negligible, characterized by not major changes in the antibody-mediated phagocytic activity, and in the levels of total and Salmonella-specific intestinal sIgA and serum IgG, respectively. Conversely, the beneficial effect of probiotic-derived CW after S. Typhimurium challenge were ascribed to a Th1-type cell-mediated immunity which was characterized by augmentation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The cell-mediated immunity associated with the oral feeding with probiotic-derived CW was accompanied with a Th1-cell polarizing cytokines, distinguished by increase IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. Similar results were observed with the intact probiotics. Our study identified molecular events associated with the oral administration of sub-cellular structures derived from probiotics and their adjuvant capacity to exert immune modulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Lemme-Dumit
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Cazorla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Del Valle Perdigón
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carolina Maldonado-Galdeano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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9
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Jeon J, Park YH, Kim TC, Jeon SH, Seong RH, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Chromatin Regulator SRG3 Overexpression Protects against LPS/D-GalN-Induced Sepsis by Increasing IL10-Producing Macrophages and Decreasing IFNγ-Producing NK Cells in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3043. [PMID: 33809795 PMCID: PMC8002522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that ubiquitous overexpression of the chromatin remodeling factor SWItch3-related gene (SRG3) promotes M2 macrophage differentiation, resulting in anti-inflammatory responses in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Since hepatic macrophages are responsible for sepsis-induced liver injury, we investigated herein the capacity of transgenic SRG3 overexpression (SRG3β-actin mice) to modulate sepsis in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus d-galactosamine (d-GalN). Our results demonstrated that ubiquitous SRG3 overexpression significantly protects mice from LPS/d-GalN-induced lethality mediated by hepatic M1 macrophages. These protective effects of SRG3 overexpression correlated with the phenotypic conversion of hepatic macrophages from an M1 toward an M2 phenotype. Furthermore, SRG3β-actin mice had decreased numbers and activation of natural killer (NK) cells but not natural killer T (NKT) cells in the liver during sepsis, indicating that SRG3 overexpression might contribute to cross-talk between NK cells and macrophages in the liver. Finally, we demonstrated that NKT cell-deficient CD1d KO/SRG3β-actin mice are protected from LPS/d-GalN-induced sepsis, indicating that NKT cells are dispensable for SRG3-mediated sepsis suppression. Taken together, our findings provide strong evidence that SRG3 overexpression may serve as a therapeutic approach to control overwhelming inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
| | - Jungmin Jeon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
| | - Yun Hoo Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
| | - Tae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea;
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.W.L.); (H.J.P.); (J.J.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.)
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10
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Dhingra D, Marathe SA, Sharma N, Marathe A, Chakravortty D. Modeling the immune response to Salmonella during typhoid. Int Immunol 2021; 33:281-298. [PMID: 33406267 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several facets of the host immune response to Salmonella infection have been studied independently at great depths to understand the progress and pathogenesis of Salmonella infection. The circumstances under which a Salmonella-infected individual succumbs to an active disease, evolves as a persister or clears the infection are not understood in detail. We have adopted a system-level approach to develop a continuous-time mechanistic model. We considered key interactions of the immune system state variables with Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph node to determine the final disease outcome deterministically and exclusively temporally. The model accurately predicts the disease outcomes and immune response trajectories operational during typhoid. The results of the simulation confirm the role of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages as a site for persistence and relapsing infection. Global sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of both bacterial and host attributes in influencing the disease outcome. It also illustrates the importance of robust phagocytic and anti-microbial potential of M1 macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in controlling the disease. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies for both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains (such as IFN-γ therapy, DC transfer and phagocytic potential stimulation). We also suggest prevention strategies such as improving the humoral response and macrophage carrying capacity, which could complement current vaccination schemes for enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divy Dhingra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandhya Amol Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nandita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amol Marathe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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11
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Eo HJ, Park GH, Jeong JB. In vitro macrophage activation by Sageretia thea fruits through TLR2/TLR4-dependent activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signalling in RAW264.7 cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1857339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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12
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Son HJ, Eo HJ, Park GH, Jeong JB. Heracleum moellendorffii root extracts exert immunostimulatory activity through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK activation in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:514-521. [PMID: 33473312 PMCID: PMC7802540 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heracleum moellendorffii (H. moellendorffii) is a family of Umbelliferae and has long been used for food and medicinal purposes. However, the immune-enhancing activity of H. moellendorffii has not been studied. Thus, we evaluated in vitro immune-enhancing activity of H. moellendorffii through macrophage activation using RAW264.7 cells. Heracleum moellendorffii Root extracts (HMR) increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-12, TNF-α, and MCP-1 and activated phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 reduced the production of immunomodulators induced by HMR. Inhibition of MAPK signaling attenuated the production of immunomodulators induced by HMR, but inhibitions of NF-κB or PI3K/AKT signaling did not affect HMR-mediated production of immunomodulators. HMR activated MAPK signaling pathway, and activation of MAPK signaling pathways by HMR was reversed by TLR2 and TLR4 inhibition. Based on the results of this study, HMR is thought to activate macrophages through the production of immunomodulators and phagocytosis activation through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, it is thought that HMR has the potential to be used as an agent for enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jun Son
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Forest ScienceYeongjuKorea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Forest ScienceYeongjuKorea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Forest ScienceYeongjuKorea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongKorea
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13
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Kim DO, Byun JE, Kim WS, Kim MJ, Choi JH, Kim H, Choi E, Kim TD, Yoon SR, Noh JY, Park YJ, Lee J, Cho HJ, Lee HG, Min SH, Choi I, Jung H. TXNIP Regulates Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Innate Immunity by Inhibiting IFN-γ Production during Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249499. [PMID: 33327533 PMCID: PMC7765025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expands to remove pathogens by increasing the ability of innate immune cells. Here, we identified the critical role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in the production of IFN-γ in NK cells during bacterial infection. TXNIP inhibited the production of IFN-γ and the activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity in primary mouse and human NK cells. TXNIP directly interacted with TAK1 and inhibited TAK1 activity by interfering with the complex formation between TAK1 and TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1). Txnip−/− (KO) NK cells enhanced the activation of macrophages by inducing IFN-γ production during Pam3CSK4 stimulation or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection and contributed to expedite the bacterial clearance. Our findings suggest that NK cell-derived IFN-γ is critical for host defense and that TXNIP plays an important role as an inhibitor of NK cell-mediated macrophage activation by inhibiting the production of IFN-γ during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Kim
- Department of Innovative Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Jae-Eun Byun
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Won Sam Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Jung Ha Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Hanna Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Eunji Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (Y.-J.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chumbokro Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.B.); (W.S.K.); (J.H.C.); (H.K.); (E.C.); (T.-D.K.); (S.R.Y.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (H.J.)
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Um Y, Eo HJ, Kim HJ, Kim K, Jeon KS, Jeong JB. Wild simulated ginseng activates mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells through TRL2/4-dependent activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113218. [PMID: 32755650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a very well-known traditional herbal medicine that has long been used to enhance the body's immunity. Because it is a type of ginseng, it is believed that wild simulated ginseng (WSG) also has immune-enhancing activity. However, study on the immune-enhancing activity of WSG is quite insufficient compared to ginseng. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we evaluated immune-enhancing activity of WSG through macrophage activation to provide a scientific basis for the immune enhancing activity of WSG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of WSG on viability of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The NO level was measured by Griess reagent. The expression levels of mRNA or protein in WSG-treated RAW264.7 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS WSG increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and activated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 reduced the production of immunomodulators induced by WSG. WSG activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and inhibition of such signaling activation blocked WSG-mediated production of immunomodulators. In addition, activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by WSG was reversed by TLR2 or TLR4 inhibition. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, WSG is thought to activate macrophages through the production of immunomodulators and phagocytosis activation through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, it is thought that WSG have the potential to be used as an agent for enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurry Um
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwon Seok Jeon
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Castleman MJ, Dillon SM, Purba C, Cogswell AC, McCarter M, Barker E, Wilson C. Enteric bacteria induce IFNγ and Granzyme B from human colonic Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1667723. [PMID: 31583949 PMCID: PMC7524156 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1667723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells (which include Natural Killer cells and ILC1s) aid in gut anti-bacterial defense through the production of IFNγ, which is critical for mobilizing protective responses against enteric pathogens. When intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is compromised, commensal bacteria are likely to translocate from the gut lumen into the lamina propria. Few studies have addressed the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria impact the function of gut Group 1 ILCs, especially ILC1s. Utilizing an in vitro human colonic lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) model, we evaluated Group 1 ILC cytokine and cytolytic protein production in response to a panel of enteric Gram-positive and Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria. IFNγ-production by NK cells and ILC1s was significantly increased after LPMC exposure to Gram-negative commensal or pathogenic bacteria, but not after exposure to the Gram-positive bacteria commensals tested. Stimulation of IFNγ production from Group 1 ILCs was not through direct recognition of bacteria by NK cells or ILC1s, but rather required accessory cells within the LPMC population. Myeloid dendritic cells generated IL-12p70, IL-18, and IL-1β upon exposure to enteric bacteria and these cytokines contributed to Group 1 ILC production of IFNγ. Furthermore, Gram-negative commensal or pathogenic bacteria induced significant expression of Granzyme B in NK cells and ILC1s. Overall, these data demonstrate that some enteric commensal bacteria indirectly induce inflammatory cytokine production and cytolytic protein expression from human colonic Group 1 ILCs, a process which could contribute to inflammation in the setting of microbial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J. Castleman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christine Purba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew C. Cogswell
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cara Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,CONTACT Cara Wilson Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Jia R, Cui K, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang B, Wang Z, Cui J. NK cell-derived exosomes improved lung injury in mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:50. [PMID: 33096976 PMCID: PMC10717361 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common bacteria that causes lung infection in hospital. The aim of our study is to explore the role and action mechanism of NK cells in lung PA infection. METHODS In this present study, 2.5 × 108 CFU/mouse PA was injected into murine trachea to make lung PA infection mouse model. Anti-asialo GM1 was used to inhibit NK cell. The percentage of NK cells was ensured by flow cytometry, and the M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were determined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA assay. Besides, H&E staining was performed to ensure the pathological changes in lung tissues. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot were carried out to identify the exosome. RESULTS Here, in the mouse model of PA lung infection, NK cell depletion caused M2 polarization of lung macrophage, and exacerbated PA-induced lung injury. Next, our data shown that M2 macrophage polarization was enhanced when the generation of NK cell-derived exosome was blocked in the co-culture system of NK cells and macrophages. Subsequently, we demonstrated that NK cells promoted M1 macrophage polarization both in PA-infected macrophage and the mouse model of PA lung infection, and attenuated lung injury through exosome. CONCLUSION Overall, our data proved that NK cell may improve PA-induced lung injury through promoting M1 lung macrophage polarization by secreting exosome. Our results provide a new idea for the treatment of PA lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jia
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Kuili Cui
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhenkui Li
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bianfang Zhang
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junwei Cui
- Tuberculosis Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Kumar A, Allison A, Henry M, Scales A, Fouladkhah AC. Development of Salmonellosis as Affected by Bioactive Food Compounds. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090364. [PMID: 31540475 PMCID: PMC6780870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Salmonella serovars are the leading cause of foodborne hospitalizations and deaths in Americans, extensively prevalent worldwide, and pose a considerable financial burden on public health infrastructure and private manufacturing. While a comprehensive review is lacking for delineating the role of dietary components on prevention of Salmonellosis, evidence for the role of diet for preventing the infection and management of Salmonellosis symptoms is increasing. The current study is an evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies and their underlying mechanisms to elaborate the efficacy of bioactive dietary components for augmenting the prevention of Salmonella infection. Studies investigating dietary components such as fibers, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and probiotics exhibited efficacy of dietary compounds against Salmonellosis through manipulation of host bile acids, mucin, epithelial barrier, innate and adaptive immunity and gut microbiota as well as impacting the cellular signaling cascades of the pathogen. Pre-clinical studies investigating synergism and/or antagonistic activities of various bioactive compounds, additional randomized clinical trials, if not curtailed by lack of equipoise and ethical concerns, and well-planned epidemiological studies could augment the development of a validated and evidence-based guideline for mitigating the public health burden of human Salmonellosis through dietary compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Abimbola Allison
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Monica Henry
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Anita Scales
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
- Cooperative Extension Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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18
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Clark SE, Burrack KS, Jameson SC, Hamilton SE, Lenz LL. NK Cell IL-10 Production Requires IL-15 and IL-10 Driven STAT3 Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2087. [PMID: 31552035 PMCID: PMC6736993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can produce IFNγ or IL-10 to regulate inflammation and immune responses but the factors driving NK cell IL-10 secretion are poorly-defined. Here, we identified NK cell-intrinsic STAT3 activation as vital for IL-10 production during both systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection and following IL-15 cytokine/receptor complex (IL15C) treatment for experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). In both contexts, conditional Stat3 deficiency in NK cells abrogated production of IL-10. Initial NK cell STAT3 phosphorylation was driven by IL-15. During Lm infection, this required capture or presentation of IL-15 by NK cell IL-15Rα. Persistent STAT3 activation was required to drive measurable IL-10 secretion and required NK cell expression of IL-10Rα. Survival-promoting effects of IL-15C treatment in ECM were dependent on NK cell Stat3 while NK cell-intrinsic deficiency for Stat3, Il15ra, or Il10ra abrogated NK cell IL-10 production and increased resistance against Lm. NK cell Stat3 deficiency did not impact production of IFNγ, indicating the STAT3 activation initiated by IL-15 and amplified by IL-10 selectively drives the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by responding NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristina S Burrack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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19
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Zhang W, Okimura T, Oda T, Jin JO. Ascophyllan Induces Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Mice In Vivo and In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E197. [PMID: 30925723 PMCID: PMC6521296 DOI: 10.3390/md17040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural marine polysaccharides have demonstrated immune stimulatory effects in both mice and humans. Our previous study compared the ability of ascophyllan and fucoidan to activate human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we further examined the effect of ascophyllan on the activation of mouse natural killer (NK) cells in vivo and in vitro and compared it to that of fucoidan, a well-studied natural marine polysaccharide. Specifically, administration of ascophyllan to C57BL/6 mice increased the number of NK cells in the spleen when compared to the number in PBS-treated mice. Moreover, the number of IFN-γ-producing NK cells and expression of CD69 were markedly upregulated by ascophyllan treatment. Ascophyllan treatment also induced IFN-γ production and CD69 upregulation in isolated NK cells, but did not promote cell proliferation. Finally, ascophyllan treatment increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells against Yac-1 cells. The effects of ascophyllan on NK cell activation were considerably stronger than those of fucoidan. These data demonstrated that ascophyllan promotes NK cell activation both in mice and in vitro, and its stimulatory effect on NK cells is stronger than that of fucoidan.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Ascophyllum/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-8608, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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20
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Stolk D, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, van Kooyk Y, Exley MA. Positive & Negative Roles of Innate Effector Cells in Controlling Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1990. [PMID: 30298063 PMCID: PMC6161645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are active at the front line of host defense against pathogens and now appear to play a range of roles under non-infectious conditions as well, most notably in cancer. Establishing the balance of innate immune responses is critical for the “flavor” of these responses and subsequent adaptive immunity and can be either “good or bad” in controlling cancer progression. The importance of innate NK cells in tumor immune responses has already been extensively studied over the last few decades, but more recently several relatively mono- or oligo-clonal [i.e., (semi-) invariant] innate T cell subsets received substantial interest in tumor immunology including invariant natural killer T (iNKT), γδ-T and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. These subsets produce high levels of various pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines reflecting their capacity to suppress or stimulate immune responses. Survival of patients with cancer has been linked to the frequencies and activation status of NK, iNKT, and γδ-T cells. It has become clear that NK, iNKT, γδ-T as well as MAIT cells all have physiological roles in anti-tumor responses, which emphasize their possible relevance for tumor immunotherapy. A variety of clinical trials has focused on manipulating NK, iNKT, and γδ-T cell functions as a cancer immunotherapeutic approach demonstrating their safety and potential for achieving beneficial therapeutic effects, while the exploration of MAIT cell related therapies is still in its infancy. Current issues limiting the full therapeutic potential of these innate cell subsets appear to be related to defects and suppressive properties of these subsets that, with the right stimulus, might be reversed. In general, how innate lymphocytes are activated appears to control their subsequent abilities and consequent impact on adaptive immunity. Controlling these potent regulators and mediators of the immune system should enable their protective roles to dominate and their deleterious potential (in the specific context of cancer) to be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark A Exley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Agenus, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
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21
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Littwitz-Salomon E, Malyshkina A, Schimmer S, Dittmer U. The Cytotoxic Activity of Natural Killer Cells Is Suppressed by IL-10 + Regulatory T Cells During Acute Retroviral Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1947. [PMID: 30210499 PMCID: PMC6119693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in host defense against cancer and viral infections. It was shown that NK cells are important for the control of acute retroviral infections, but their antiviral activity depends on multiple parameters such as viral inoculation dose, interactions with myeloid cell types and the cytokine milieu. In addition, during an ongoing retroviral infection regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress NK cell functions. However, the precise role of Tregs on the initial NK cell response and their immediate antiviral activity after an acute retroviral infection is still unknown. Here we show that thymus-derived Tregs suppress the proliferation, effector functions and cytotoxicity of NK cells very early during acute Friend Retrovirus (FV) infection. Tregs exhibited an activated phenotype and increased the production of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β after FV infection of mice. Neutralization of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 resulted in a significant augmentation of NK cell functions. Although the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages as well as the IL-15 cytokine levels were increased after Treg depletion, Tregs mainly affect the NK cell activity in an IL-10-regulated pathway. In this study we demonstrate an IL-10-dependent suppression of NK cells by activated Tregs during the first days of a retroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Malyshkina
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Schimmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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22
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Molgora M, Supino D, Mavilio D, Santoni A, Moretta L, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. The yin-yang of the interaction between myelomonocytic cells and NK cells. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12705. [PMID: 30048003 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphoid cells, which play a key role in the immune response to cancer and pathogens and participate in the shaping of adaptive immunity. NK cells engage in a complex bidirectional interaction with myelomonocytic cells. In particular, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils promote differentiation and effector function of NK cells and, on the other hand, myelomonocytic cells express triggers of checkpoint blockade (eg PD-L1) and other immunosuppressive molecules, which negatively regulate NK cell function. In addition, NK cells express high levels of IL-1R8, which acts as a checkpoint for IL-18 driven differentiation and activation of NK cells. Evidence suggests that targeting the myeloid cell-NK cell crosstalk unleashes effective anti-tumour and anti-viral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Domenico Mavilio
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur -Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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23
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Wang XQ, Zhou WJ, Hou XX, Fu Q, Li DJ. Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1038-1046. [PMID: 29588487 PMCID: PMC6269500 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidual macrophages (dMΦ) are distinct from the conventional macrophages present in other tissues and express M2 macrophage markers, but the molecular mechanisms of formation and the roles of M2 MΦ during pregnancy have not been completely elucidated. The crosstalk between decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and dMΦ plays an important role in the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Here, CXCL16 derived from first-trimester trophoblast cells induces the polarization of human M2 macrophages. The M2 MΦ polarized by CXCL16 exhibit decreased interleukin-15 production, which facilitates the inactivation of NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells is attenuated by the CXCL16-polarized M2 MΦ. The data shown in the present study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that CXCL16 secreted by trophoblast cells is a key molecule involved in decidual M2 MΦ polarization, which in turn regulates the killing ability of NK cells, thereby contributing to the homeostatic and immune-tolerant milieu required for successful fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiu Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Hou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Consequences of Epithelial Inflammasome Activation by Bacterial Pathogens. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:193-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Bazett M, Costa AM, Bosiljcic M, Anderson RM, Alexander MP, Wong SWY, Dhanji S, Chen JM, Pankovich J, Lam S, Sutcliffe S, Gunn H, Kalyan S, Mullins DW. Harnessing innate lung anti-cancer effector functions with a novel bacterial-derived immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1398875. [PMID: 29399400 PMCID: PMC5790356 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infection is known to induce strong anti-tumor immune responses, but clinical translation has been hindered by the lack of an effective strategy to safely and consistently provoke a therapeutic response. These limitations are overcome with a novel treatment approach involving repeated subcutaneous delivery of a Klebsiella-derived investigational immunotherapeutic, QBKPN. In preclinical models of lung cancer, QBKPN administration consistently showed anti-cancer efficacy, which was dependent on Klebsiella pre-exposure, but was independent of adaptive immunity. Rather, QBKPN induced anti-tumor innate immunity that required NK cells and NKG2D engagement. QBKPN increased NK cells and macrophages in the lungs, altered macrophage polarization, and augmented the production of cytotoxic molecules. An exploratory trial in patients with non-small cell lung cancer demonstrated QBKPN was well tolerated, safe, and induced peripheral immune changes suggestive of macrophage polarization and reduction of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on leukocytes. These data demonstrate preclinical efficacy, and clinical safety and tolerability, for this cancer immunotherapy strategy that exploits innate anti-tumor immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bazett
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, V5 T 4T5, Canada
| | - Amanda M Costa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew P Alexander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephanie W Y Wong
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, V5 T 4T5, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Salim Dhanji
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, V5 T 4T5, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen Lam
- BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hal Gunn
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, V5 T 4T5, Canada
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, V5 T 4T5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - David W Mullins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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26
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Dose of Retroviral Infection Determines Induction of Antiviral NK Cell Responses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01122-17. [PMID: 28904191 PMCID: PMC5660477 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01122-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and recognize virus-infected cells as well as tumor cells. Conflicting data about the beneficial or even detrimental role of NK cells in different infectious diseases have been described previously. While the type of pathogen strongly influences NK cell functionality, less is known about how the infection dose influences the quality of a NK cell response against retroviruses. In this study, we used the well-established Friend retrovirus (FV) mouse model to investigate the impact of virus dose on the induction of antiviral NK cell functions. High-dose virus inoculation increased initial virus replication compared to that with medium- or low-dose viral challenge and significantly improved NK cell activation. Antiviral NK cell activity, including in vivo cytotoxicity toward infected target cells, was also enhanced by high-dose virus infection. NK cell activation following high-dose viral challenge was likely mediated by activated dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and the NK cell-stimulating cytokines interleukin 15 (IL-15) and IL-18. Neutralization of these cytokines decreased NK cell functions and increased viral loads, whereas IL-15 and IL-18 therapy improved NK cell activity. Here we demonstrate that virus dose positively correlates with antiviral NK cell activity and function, which are at least partly driven by IL-15 and IL-18. Our results suggest that NK cell activity may be therapeutically enhanced by administering IL-15 and IL-18 in virus infections that inadequately activate NK cells. IMPORTANCE In infections with retroviruses, like HIV and FV infection of mice, NK cells clearly mediate antiviral activities, but they are usually not sufficient to prevent severe pathology. Here we show that the initial infection dose impacts the induction of an antiviral NK cell response during an acute retroviral infection, which had not investigated before. High-dose infection resulted in a strong NK cell functionality, whereas no antiviral activities were detected after low- or medium-dose infection. Interestingly, DCs and macrophages were highly activated after high-dose FV challenge, which corresponded with increased levels of NK cell-stimulating cytokines IL-15 and IL-18. IL-15 and IL-18 neutralization decreased NK cell functions, whereas IL-15 and IL-18 therapy improved NK cell activity. Here we show the importance of cytokines for NK cell activation in retroviral infections; our findings suggest that immunotherapy combining the well-tolerated cytokines IL-15 and IL-18 might be an interesting approach for antiretroviral treatment.
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27
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Boulenouar S, Michelet X, Duquette D, Alvarez D, Hogan AE, Dold C, O'Connor D, Stutte S, Tavakkoli A, Winters D, Exley MA, O'Shea D, Brenner MB, von Andrian U, Lynch L. Adipose Type One Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulate Macrophage Homeostasis through Targeted Cytotoxicity. Immunity 2017; 46:273-286. [PMID: 28228283 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a dynamic immune system that adapts to changes in diet and maintains homeostatic tissue remodeling. Adipose type 1 innate lymphoid cells (AT1-ILCs) promote pro-inflammatory macrophages in obesity, but little is known about their functions at steady state. Here we found that human and murine adipose tissue harbor heterogeneous populations of AT1-ILCs. Experiments using parabiotic mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) showed differential trafficking of AT1-ILCs, particularly in response to short- and long-term HFD and diet restriction. At steady state, AT1-ILCs displayed cytotoxic activity toward adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Depletion of AT1-ILCs and perforin deficiency resulted in alterations in the ratio of inflammatory to anti-inflammatory ATMs, and adoptive transfer of AT1-ILCs exacerbated metabolic disorder. Diet-induced obesity impaired AT1-ILC killing ability. Our findings reveal a role for AT1-ILCs in regulating ATM homeostasis through cytotoxicity and suggest that this function is relevant in both homeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Boulenouar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xavier Michelet
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew E Hogan
- Education Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Dold
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Connor
- Education Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | - Desmond Winters
- Education Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark A Exley
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Education Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lydia Lynch
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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28
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Zacarías MF, Souza TC, Zaburlín N, Carmona Cara D, Reinheimer J, Nicoli J, Vinderola G. Influence of Technological Treatments on the Functionality ofBifidobacterium lactisINL1, a Breast Milk-Derived Probiotic. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2462-2470. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Zacarías
- Inst. de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN); Univ. Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Tassia Costa Souza
- Inst. de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN); Univ. Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Natalia Zaburlín
- Inst. de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN); Univ. Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- the Dept. de Morfologia, Inst. de Ciências Biológicas (ICB); Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Jorge Reinheimer
- Inst. de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN); Univ. Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Jacques Nicoli
- the Dept. de Microbiologia; Inst. de Ciências Biológicas (ICB); Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Inst. de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN); Univ. Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
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29
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Increased level and interferon-γ production of circulating natural killer cells in patients with scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005815. [PMID: 28750012 PMCID: PMC5549767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells are essential immune cells against several pathogens. Not much is known regarding the roll of NK cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Thus, this study aims to determine the level, function, and clinical relevance of NK cells in patients with scrub typhus. Methodology/Principal findings This study enrolled fifty-six scrub typhus patients and 56 health controls (HCs). The patients were divided into subgroups according to their disease severity. A flow cytometry measured NK cell level and function in peripheral blood. Circulating NK cell levels and CD69 expressions were significantly increased in scrub typhus patients. Increased NK cell levels reflected disease severity. In scrub typhus patients, tests showed their NK cells produced higher amounts of interferon (IFN)-γ after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 relative to those of HCs. Meanwhile, between scrub typhus patients and HCs, the cytotoxicity and degranulation of NK cells against K562 were comparable. CD69 expressions were recovered to the normal levels in the remission phase. Conclusions This study shows that circulating NK cells are activated and numerically increased, and they produced more IFN-γ in scrub typhus patients. Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium. It primarily invades endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Plasma concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ, several cytokines and chemokines, which are known to recruit natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, were found to be increased in scrub typhus patients. NK cells are known as essential immune cells against several pathogens. In murine models of Rickettsial infection, the clearance of bacteria was found to be significantly associated with NK cell activity. Not much is known regarding NK cells’ role in O. tsutsugamushi infection in humans. This study is very possibly the first to measure NK cells’ level and function of in scrub typhus patients, or to examine NK cell levels’ clinical relevance. This study’s results demonstrate that circulating NK cells are activated and numerically increased in scrub typhus patients. Notably, increased production IFN-γ by NK cells of scrub typhus patients suggests their contribution to enhancement of intracellular bacterial killing in infected antigen presenting cells. Moreover, disease severity corresponded to increased NK cell levels. These findings importantly suggest that NK cells play a role in protecting the host against O. tsutsugamushi infection.
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30
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Lemire P, Galbas T, Thibodeau J, Segura M. Natural Killer Cell Functions during the Innate Immune Response to Pathogenic Streptococci. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1196. [PMID: 28706510 PMCID: PMC5489694 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and NK cells play a crucial role in the first phase of host defense against infections. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Streptococcus suis are encapsulated streptococci causing severe systemic inflammation, leading to septicemia and meningitis. Yet, the involvement of NK cells in the innate immune response to encapsulated bacterial infection is poorly characterized. Here, it was observed that these two streptococcal species rapidly induce the release of IFN-γ and that NK cells are the major cell type responsible for this production during the acute phase of the infection. Albeit S. suis capacity to activate NK cells was lower than that of GBS, these cells partially contribute to S. suis systemic infection; mainly through amplification of the inflammatory loop. In contrast, such a role was not observed during GBS systemic infection. IFN-γ release by NK cells required the presence of DCs, which in turn had a synergistic effect on DC cytokine production. These responses were mainly mediated by direct DC-NK cell contact and partially dependent on soluble factors. Though IL-12 and LFA-1 were shown to be critical in S. suis-mediated activation of the DC-NK cell crosstalk, different or redundant molecular pathways modulate DC-NK interactions during GBS infection. The bacterial capsular polysaccharides also differently modulated NK cell activation. Together, these results demonstrated a role of NK cells in the innate immune response against encapsulated streptococcal infections; yet the molecular pathways governing NK activation seem to differ upon the pathogen and should not be generalized when studying bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lemire
- Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of MontrealSt-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Galbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology of the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of MontrealSt-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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31
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Ma WT, Jia YJ, Liu QZ, Yang YQ, Yang JB, Zhao ZB, Yang ZY, Shi QH, Ma HD, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. Modulation of liver regeneration via myeloid PTEN deficiency. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2827. [PMID: 28542148 PMCID: PMC5520744 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that modulate liver regeneration are of critical importance for a number of hepatic disorders. Kupffer cells and natural killer (NK) cells are two cell subsets indispensable for liver regeneration. We have focused on these two populations and, in particular, the interplay between them. Importantly, we demonstrate that deletion of the myeloid phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) leading to an M2-like polarization of Kupffer cells, which results in decreased activation of NK cells. In addition, PTEN-deficient Kupffer cells secrete additional factors that facilitate the proliferation of hepatocytes. In conclusion, PTEN is critical for inhibiting M2-like polarization of Kupffer cells after partial hepatectomy, resulting in NK cell activation and thus the inhibition of liver regeneration. Furthermore, PTEN reduces growth factor secretion by Kupffer cells. Our results suggest that targeting PTEN on Kupffer cells may be useful in altering liver regeneration in patients undergoing liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Jie Jia
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Liu
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Di Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
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Mikulak J, Di Vito C, Zaghi E, Mavilio D. Host Immune Responses in HIV-1 Infection: The Emerging Pathogenic Role of Siglecs and Their Clinical Correlates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 28386256 PMCID: PMC5362603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms employed by HIV-1 to escape immune responses still represents one of the major tasks required for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting a disease still lacking a definitive cure. Host innate immune responses against HIV-1 are key in the early phases of the infection as they could prevent the development and the establishment of two hallmarks of the infection: chronic inflammation and viral reservoirs. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) belong to a family of transmembrane proteins able to dampen host immune responses and set appropriate immune activation thresholds upon ligation with their natural ligands, the sialylated carbohydrates. This immune-modulatory function is also targeted by many pathogens that have evolved to express sialic acids on their surface in order to escape host immune responses. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus. Indeed, besides forming a protecting shield from antibody recognition, this coat of N-linked glycans interferes with the folding of viral glycoproteins and enhances virus infectivity. In particular, the sialic acid residues present on gp120 can bind Siglec-7 on natural killer and monocytes/macrophages and Siglec-1 on monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. The interactions between these two members of the Siglec family and the sialylated glycans present on HIV-1 envelope either induce or increase HIV-1 entry in conventional and unconventional target cells, thus contributing to viral dissemination and disease progression. In this review, we address the impact of Siglecs in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and discuss how they could be employed as clinic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, UOS di Milano, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS/IRGB/CNR), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wolf AS, Sherratt S, Riley EM. NK Cells: Uncertain Allies against Malaria. Front Immunol 2017; 8:212. [PMID: 28337195 PMCID: PMC5343013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, studies of natural killer (NK) cells in infection have focused almost entirely on their role in viral infections. However, there is an increasing awareness of the potential for NK cells to contribute to the control of a wider range of pathogens, including intracellular parasites such as Plasmodium spp. Given the high prevalence of parasitic diseases in the developing world and the devastating effects these pathogens have on large numbers of vulnerable people, investigating interactions between NK cells and parasitized host cells presents the opportunity to reveal novel immunological mechanisms with the potential to aid efforts to eradicate these diseases. The capacity of NK cells to produce inflammatory cytokines early after malaria infection, as well as a possible role in direct cytotoxic killing of malaria-infected cells, suggests a beneficial impact of NK cells in this disease. However, NK cells may also contribute to overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the consequent immunopathology. As comparatively little is known about the role of NK cells later in the course of infection, and growing evidence suggests that heterogeneity in NK cell responses to malaria may be influenced by KIR/HLA interactions, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which NK cells might directly interact with parasitized cells may reveal a new role for these cells in the course of malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Samuel Sherratt
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
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Wałajtys-Rode E, Dzik JM. Monocyte/Macrophage: NK Cell Cooperation-Old Tools for New Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:73-145. [PMID: 28455707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage and natural killer (NK) cells are partners from a phylogenetic standpoint of innate immune system development and its evolutionary progressive interaction with adaptive immunity. The equally conservative ways of development and differentiation of both invertebrate hemocytes and vertebrate macrophages are reviewed. Evolutionary conserved molecules occurring in macrophage receptors and effectors have been inherited by vertebrates after their common ancestor with invertebrates. Cytolytic functions of mammalian NK cells, which are rooted in immune cells of invertebrates, although certain NK cell receptors (NKRs) are mammalian new events, are characterized. Broad heterogeneity of macrophage and NK cell phenotypes that depends on surrounding microenvironment conditions and expression profiles of specific receptors and activation mechanisms of both cell types are discussed. The particular tissue specificity of macrophages and NK cells, as well as their plasticity and mechanisms of their polarization to different functional subtypes have been underlined. The chapter summarized studies revealing the specific molecular mechanisms and regulation of NK cells and macrophages that enable their highly specific cross-cooperation. Attention is given to the evolving role of human monocyte/macrophage and NK cell interaction in pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reaction-based disorders, including autoimmunity, as well as in cancer surveillance and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta M Dzik
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Cytokine Profiles during Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease Predict Outcome in African Children. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:601-9. [PMID: 27170644 PMCID: PMC4933780 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00128-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of sepsis in African children. Cytokine responses are central to the pathophysiology of sepsis and predict sepsis outcome in other settings. In this study, we investigated cytokine responses to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in Malawian children. We determined serum concentrations of 48 cytokines with multiplexed immunoassays in Malawian children during acute iNTS disease (n = 111) and in convalescence (n = 77). Principal component analysis and logistic regression were used to identify cytokine signatures of acute iNTS disease. We further investigated whether these responses are altered by HIV coinfection or severe malnutrition and whether cytokine responses predict inpatient mortality. Cytokine changes in acute iNTS disease were associated with two distinct cytokine signatures. The first is characterized by increased concentrations of mediators known to be associated with macrophage function, and the second is characterized by raised pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines typical of responses reported in sepsis secondary to diverse pathogens. These cytokine responses were largely unaltered by either severe malnutrition or HIV coinfection. Children with fatal disease had a distinctive cytokine profile, characterized by raised mediators known to be associated with neutrophil function. In conclusion, cytokine responses to acute iNTS infection in Malawian children are reflective of both the cytokine storm typical of sepsis secondary to diverse pathogens and the intramacrophage replicative niche of NTS. The cytokine profile predictive of fatal disease supports a key role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of NTS sepsis.
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36
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Evaluation of protective immune response against fowl typhoid in chickens vaccinated with the attenuated strain Salmonella Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:220-227. [PMID: 27473999 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) causes fowl typhoid in chickens, a septicemic infection which results in high mortality rates. This disease causes high economic impact to the poultry industry worldwide because of the mortality or elimination of positive flocks to control bacterial dissemination. Live vaccines are used in the fields, however the characterization of immune mechanisms important for protection are being studied to improve the efficacy of vaccination schemes. In this study, we evaluated the immune response in brown layer-hens, vaccinated or not, during the most critical period of infection. Cellular and humoral immunity were extensively evaluated until 7 days post-infection (DPI), by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of important pro-inflammatory cytokines after infection of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) with the live attenuated SG vaccine and with the wild SG strain. The results showed an increasing production of IgG and IgM during the first week post-infection, in vaccinated layer-hens, which was absent in unvaccinated birds. The population of CD8(+)CD44(+) and CD4(+)CD44(+) T cells in spleen and cecal tonsils constantly decreased in unvaccinated birds in comparison with vaccinated layers. The expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in BMDMs was induced by both SG strains (attenuated and wild) at similar levels (p>0.05). Vaccination with live SG vaccine reduced systemic infection by challenge strain of SG and prevented the mortality rate of 85% that occurred in unvaccinated layer-hens during 30 dpi. Furthermore, the immunization enhanced the proliferation of effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells after challenge.
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He H, Geng T, Chen P, Wang M, Hu J, Kang L, Song W, Tang H. NK cells promote neutrophil recruitment in the brain during sepsis-induced neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27711. [PMID: 27270556 PMCID: PMC4897692 DOI: 10.1038/srep27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis could affect the central nervous system and thus induces neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to brain damage or dysfunction. However, the mechanisms of generation of neuroinflammation during sepsis remain poorly understood. By administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice to mimic sepsis, we found that shortly after opening the blood-brain barrier, conventional CD11b(+)CD27(+) NK subset migrated into the brain followed by subsequent neutrophil infiltration. Interestingly, depletion of NK cells prior to LPS treatment severely impaired neutrophil recruitment in the inflamed brain. By in vivo recruitment assay, we found that brain-infiltrated NK cells displayed chemotactic activity to neutrophils, which depended on the higher expression of chemokines such as CXCL2. Moreover, microglia were also responsible for neutrophil recruitment, and their chemotactic activity was significantly impaired by ablation of NK cells. Furthermore, depletion of NK cells could significantly ameliorate depression-like behavior in LPS-treated mice. These data indicated a NK cell-regulated neutrophil recruitment in the blamed brain, which also could be seen on another sepsis model, cecal ligation and puncture. So, our findings revealed an important scenario in the generation of sepsis-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Piyun Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jingxia Hu
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Li Kang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
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38
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Baker GJ, Chockley P, Zamler D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Natural killer cells require monocytic Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells to eradicate orthotopically engrafted glioma cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1163461. [PMID: 27471637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1163461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are resistant to natural killer (NK) cell immune surveillance. However, the mechanisms used by these cancers to suppress antitumor NK cell activity remain poorly understood. We have recently reported on a novel mechanism of innate immune evasion characterized by the overexpression of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 by both mouse and rat malignant glioma. Here, we investigate the cytokine profile of galectin-1-deficient GL26 cells and describe the process by which these tumors are targeted by the early innate immune system in RAG1(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice. Our data reveal that galectin-1 knockdown in GL26 cells heightens their inflammatory status leading to the rapid recruitment of Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells and NK1.1(+) NK cells into the brain tumor microenvironment, culminating in tumor clearance. We show that immunodepletion of Gr-1(+) myeloid cells in RAG1(-/-) mice permits the growth of galectin-1-deficient glioma despite the presence of NK cells, thus demonstrating an essential role for myeloid cells in the clearance of galectin-1-deficient glioma. Further characterization of tumor-infiltrating Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) cells reveals that these cells also express CCR2 and Ly-6C, markers consistent with inflammatory monocytes. Our results demonstrate that Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells, often referred to as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are required for antitumor NK cell activity against galectin-1-deficient GL26 glioma. We conclude that glioma-derived galectin-1 represents an important factor in dictating the phenotypic behavior of monocytic Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid cells. Galectin-1 suppression may be a valuable treatment approach for clinical glioma by promoting their innate immune-mediated recognition and clearance through the concerted effort of innate myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Chockley
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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39
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Jakeman PG, Hills TE, Fisher KD, Seymour LW. Macrophages and their interactions with oncolytic viruses. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 24:23-9. [PMID: 26164569 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a highly plastic cell type and exhibit a range of defensive and regulatory functions in normal physiology. Phagocytic macrophages play an important role in defending against virus infection and they provide an important barrier that can limit the delivery of therapeutic viruses from the injection to the tumour. Within tumours, macrophages generally adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype and are associated with poor clinical prognosis. However their plasticity also provides the opportunity for therapeutic 're-education' of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to adopt an active anticancer role. Oncolytic viruses present the possibility for non-specific stimulation of TAMs, and also the option for tumour-targeted expression of cytokines chosen specifically to modulate macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas E Hills
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kerry D Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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40
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Hudspeth K, Donadon M, Cimino M, Pontarini E, Tentorio P, Preti M, Hong M, Bertoletti A, Bicciato S, Invernizzi P, Lugli E, Torzilli G, Gershwin ME, Mavilio D. Human liver-resident CD56(bright)/CD16(neg) NK cells are retained within hepatic sinusoids via the engagement of CCR5 and CXCR6 pathways. J Autoimmun 2015; 66:40-50. [PMID: 26330348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The liver-specific natural killer (NK) cell population is critical for local innate immune responses, but the mechanisms that lead to their selective homing and the definition of their functionally relevance remain enigmatic. OBJECTIVES We took advantage of the availability of healthy human liver to rigorously define the mechanisms regulating the homing of NK cells to liver and the repertoire of receptors that distinguish liver-resident NK (lr-NK) cells from circulating counterparts. FINDINGS Nearly 50% of the entire liver NK cell population is composed of functionally relevant CD56(bright) lr-NK cells that localize within hepatic sinusoids. CD56(bright) lr-NK cells express CD69, CCR5 and CXCR6 and this unique repertoire of chemokine receptors is functionally critical as it determines selective migration in response to the chemotactic stimuli exerted by CCL3, CCL5 and CXCL16. Here, we also show that hepatic sinusoids express CCL3(pos) Kupffer cells, CXCL16(pos) endothelial cells and CCL5(pos) T and NK lymphocytes. The selective presence of these chemokines in sinusoidal spaces creates a unique tissue niche for lr-CD56(bright) NK cells that constitutively express CCR5 and CXCR6. CD56(bright) lr-NK cells co-exist with CD56(dim) conventional NK (c-NK) cells that are, interestingly, transcriptionally and phenotypically similar to their peripheral circulating counterparts. Indeed, CD56(dim) c-NK cells lack expression of CD69, CCR5, and CXCR6 but express selectins, integrins and CX3CR1. CONCLUSION Our findings disclosing the phenotypic and functional differences between lr-Nk cells and c-NK cells are critical to distinguish liver-specific innate immune responses. Hence, any therapeutic attempts at modifying the large population of CD56(bright) lr-NK cells will require modification of hepatic CCR5 and CXCR6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hudspeth
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cimino
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pontarini
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Max Preti
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michelle Hong
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR), 169587, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR), 169587, Singapore
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Hepatobiliary & General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
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41
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Rosenheinrich M, Heine W, Schmühl CM, Pisano F, Dersch P. Natural Killer Cells Mediate Protection against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136290. [PMID: 26296209 PMCID: PMC4546584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells play a crucial role in the initial defense against bacterial pathogens. The crosstalk between host cells infected with intracellular pathogens and NK cells has been studied intensively, but not much attention has been given to characterize the role of NK cells in the response to extracellular bacterial pathogens such as yersiniae. In this study we used antibody-mediated NK cell depletion to address the importance of this immune cell type in controlling a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Analysis of the bacterial counts was used to follow the infection and flow cytometry was performed to characterize the composition and dynamic of immune cells. Depletion of NK cells led to higher bacterial loads within the mesenteric lymph nodes. We further show that in particular CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells which express higher levels of the activation marker CD69 increase within the mesenteric lymph nodes during a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Moreover, in response to the activation NK cells secrete higher levels of IFNy, which in turn triggers the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. These results suggest, that NK cells aid in the clearance of Y. pseudotuberculosis infections mainly by triggering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines manipulating the host immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/microbiology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mesentery/immunology
- Mesentery/microbiology
- Mesentery/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/microbiology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/microbiology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Rosenheinrich
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Heine
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carina M. Schmühl
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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42
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Mattiola I, Pesant M, Tentorio PF, Molgora M, Marcenaro E, Lugli E, Locati M, Mavilio D. Priming of Human Resting NK Cells by Autologous M1 Macrophages via the Engagement of IL-1β, IFN-β, and IL-15 Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2818-28. [PMID: 26276870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross talk between NK cells and macrophages is emerging as a major line of defense against microbial infections and tumors. This study reveals a complex network of soluble mediators and cell-to-cell interactions allowing human classically activated (M1) macrophages, but not resting (M0) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, to prime resting autologous NK cells. In this article, we show that M1 increase NK cell cytotoxicity by IL-23 and IFN-β-dependent upregulation of NKG2D, IL-1β-dependent upregulation of NKp44, and trans-presentation of IL-15. Moreover, both IFN-β-dependent cis-presentation of IL-15 on NK cells and engagement of the 2B4-CD48 pathway are used by M1 to trigger NK cell production of IFN-γ. The disclosure of these synergic cellular mechanisms regulating the M1-NK cell cross talk provides novel insights to better understand the role of innate immune responses in the physiopathology of tumor biology and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mattiola
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Matthieu Pesant
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo F Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Molgora
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
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43
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Schepens B, Sedeyn K, Vande Ginste L, De Baets S, Schotsaert M, Roose K, Houspie L, Van Ranst M, Gilbert B, van Rooijen N, Fiers W, Piedra P, Saelens X. Protection and mechanism of action of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain of small hydrophobic protein. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1436-54. [PMID: 25298406 PMCID: PMC4237470 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) occur globally in all age groups and can have devastating consequences in young infants. We demonstrate that a vaccine based on the extracellular domain (SHe) of the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of HRSV, reduced viral replication in challenged laboratory mice and in cotton rats. We show that this suppression of viral replication can be transferred by serum and depends on a functional IgG receptor compartment with a major contribution of FcγRI and FcγRIII. Using a conditional cell depletion method, we provide evidence that alveolar macrophages are involved in the protection by SHe-specific antibodies. HRSV-infected cells abundantly express SH on the cell surface and are likely the prime target of the humoral immune response elicited by SHe-based vaccination. Finally, natural infection of humans and experimental infection of mice or cotton rats does not induce a strong immune response against HRSV SHe. Using SHe as a vaccine antigen induces immune protection against HRSV by a mechanism that differs from the natural immune response and from other HRSV vaccination strategies explored to date. Hence, HRSV vaccine candidates that aim at inducing protective neutralizing antibodies or T-cell responses could be complemented with a SHe-based antigen to further improve immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Schepens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Vande Ginste
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Baets
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenny Roose
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Houspie
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian Gilbert
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Fiers
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Franco R, Fernández-Suárez D. Alternatively activated microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:65-86. [PMID: 26067058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important players in the fight against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. From a resting state they may undertake two activation pathways, the classical known as M1, or the alternative known as M2. M1 markers are mostly mediators of pro-inflammatory responses whereas M2 markers emerge for resolution and cleanup. Microglia exerts in the central nervous system (CNS) a function similar to that of macrophages in the periphery. Microglia activation and proliferation occurs in almost any single pathology affecting the CNS. Often microglia activation has been considered detrimental and drugs able to stop microglia activation were considered for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Cumulative evidence shows that microglia may undergo the alternative activation pathway, express M2-type markers and contribute to neuroprotection. This review focuses on details about the role of M2 microglia and in the approaches available for its identification. Approaches to drive the M2 phenotype and data on its potential in CNS diseases are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Diana Fernández-Suárez
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Toll-Like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 play opposing roles in host innate immunity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1641-9. [PMID: 25667264 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02870-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved host proteins that are essential for effective host defense against pathogens. However, recent studies suggest that some TLRs can negatively regulate immune responses. We observed here that TLR2 and TLR9 played opposite roles in regulating innate immunity against oral infection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in mice. While TLR9-/- mice exhibited shortened survival, an increased cytokine storm, and more severe Salmonella hepatitis than wild-type (WT) mice, TLR2-/- mice exhibited the opposite phenomenon. Further studies demonstrated that TLR2 deficiency and TLR9 deficiency in macrophages both disrupted NK cell cytotoxicity against S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages by downregulating NK cell degranulation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production through decreased macrophage expression of the RAE-1 NKG2D ligand. But more importantly, we found that S. Typhimurium-infected TLR2-/- macrophages upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, resulting in a lower bacterial load than that in WT macrophages in vitro and livers in vivo as well as low proinflammatory cytokine levels. In contrast, TLR9-/- macrophages showed decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression concomitant with a high bacterial load in the macrophages and in livers of TLR9-/- mice. TLR9-/- macrophages were also more susceptible than WT macrophages to S. Typhimurium-induced necroptosis in vitro, likely contributing to bacterial spread and transmission in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that TLR2 negatively regulates anti-S. Typhimurium immunity, whereas TLR9 is vital to host defense and survival against S. Typhimurium invasion. TLR2 antagonists or TLR9 agonists may thus serve as potential anti-S. Typhimurium therapeutic agents.
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de Groen RA, Boltjes A, Hou J, Liu BS, McPhee F, Friborg J, Janssen HLA, Boonstra A. IFN-λ-mediated IL-12 production in macrophages induces IFN-γ production in human NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:250-9. [PMID: 25316442 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing interest in alternative options to interferon-alpha-based treatments, IFN-λ has shown therapeutic promise in a variety of diseases. Although the antiviral activity of IFN-λ has been extensively studied, there is limited knowledge regarding the immunological functions of IFN-λ and how these differ from those of other classes of IFNs. In this study, we investigated the effects of IFN-λ on primary human NK cells, both in a direct and indirect capacity. We demonstrate that in contrast to interferon-alpha, IFN-λ is unable to directly stimulate NK cells, due to the absence of IFN-λ receptor chain 1 (IFN-λR1) on NK cells. However, IFN-λ, in combination with TLR4 challenge, is able to induce the production of select members of the IL-12 family of cytokines in monocyte-derived macrophages. We further show that through macrophage-mediated IL-12 production, IFN-λ is able to indirectly affect NK cells and ultimately induce IFN-γ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik A de Groen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Mandal A, Viswanathan C. Natural killer cells: In health and disease. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2014; 8:47-55. [PMID: 25571788 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute our bodies' frontline defense system, guarding against tumors and launching attacks against infections. The activities of NK cells are regulated by the interaction of various receptors expressed on their surfaces with cell surface ligands. While the role of NK cells in controlling tumor activity is relatively clear, the fact that they are also linked to various other disease conditions is now being highlighted. Here, we present an overview of the role of NK cells during normal body state as well as under diseased state. We discuss the possible utilization of these powerful cells as immunotherapeutic agents in combating diseases such as asthma, autoimmune diseases, and HIV-AIDS. This review also outlines current challenges in NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mandal
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India
| | - Chandra Viswanathan
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India.
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48
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NK cell intrinsic regulation of MIP-1α by granzyme M. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1115. [PMID: 24625974 PMCID: PMC3973215 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes are generally recognized for their capacity to induce various pathways of perforin-dependent target cell death. Within this serine protease family, Granzyme M (GrzM) is unique owing to its preferential expression in innate effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells. During Listeria monocytogenes infection, we observed markedly reduced secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) in livers of GrzM-deficient mice, which resulted in significantly impaired NK cell recruitment. Direct stimulation with IL-12 and IL-15 demonstrated that GrzM was required for maximal secretion of active MIP-1α. This effect was not due to reduced protein induction but resulted from heightened intracellular accumulation of MIP-1α, with reduced release. These results demonstrate that GrzM is a critical mediator of innate immunity that can regulate chemotactic networks and has an important role in the initiation of immune responses and pathogen control.
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49
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Neutrophils are a source of gamma interferon during acute Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1692-7. [PMID: 24421037 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01508-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is an important driver of intestinal inflammation during colitis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here we used the mouse colitis model to investigate the cellular sources of IFN-γ in the cecal mucosa during the acute phase of an S. Typhimurium infection. While IFN-γ staining was detected in T cells, NK cells, and inflammatory monocytes at 2 days after infection, the majority of IFN-γ-positive cells in the cecal mucosa were neutrophils. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion blunted mucosal Ifng expression and reduced the severity of intestinal lesions during S. Typhimurium infection. We conclude that neutrophils are a prominent cellular source of IFN-γ during the innate phase of S. Typhimurium-induced colitis.
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50
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Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Chronic Bone and Joint Infection due to Staphylococci Expressing or Not the Small Colony Variant Phenotype. Int J Chronic Dis 2014; 2014:280653. [PMID: 26464851 PMCID: PMC4590914 DOI: 10.1155/2014/280653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic bone and joint infections (BJI) are devastating diseases. Relapses are frequently observed, as some pathogens, especially staphylococci, can persist intracellularly by expressing a particular phenotype called small colony variant (SCV). As natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes specialized in the killing of host cells infected by intracellular pathogens, we studied NK cells of patients with chronic BJI due to staphylococci expressing or not SCVs (10 patients in both groups). Controls were patients infected with other bacteria without detectable expression of SCVs, and healthy volunteers. NK cell phenotype was evaluated from PBMCs by flow cytometry. Degranulation capacity was evaluated after stimulation with K562 cells in vitro. We found that NK cells were activated in terms of CD69 expression, loss of CD16 and perforin, in all infected patients in comparison with healthy volunteers, independently of the SCV phenotype. Peripheral NK cells in patients with chronic BJI display signs of recent activation and degranulation in vivo in response to CD16-mediated signals, regardless of the type of bacteria involved. This could involve a universal capacity of isolates responsible for chronic BJI to produce undetectable SCVs in vivo, which might be a target of future intervention.
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