1
|
Mahmoud IS, Jarrar YB, Febrimarsa. Modulation of IRAK enzymes as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2909-2923. [PMID: 37061574 PMCID: PMC10105542 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dysregulated and excessive production of cytokines and chemokines, known as cytokine storm, is frequently seen in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and it can provoke a severe systematic inflammation in the patients. The IL-1R/TLRs/IRAKs signaling network is a key pathway in immune cells that plays a central role in regulating innate immunity and inflammatory responses via stimulating the expression and production of various proinflammatory molecules including cytokines. Modulation of IRAKs activity has been proposed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we highlight the biochemical properties of IRAKs and their role in regulating inflammatory molecular signaling pathways and discuss the potential targeting of IRAKs to suppress the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Febrimarsa
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin C, Wang S, Xie J, Zhu J, Xu J, Liu K, Chen J, Yu M, Zhong H, Huang K, Pan S. Ketogenic diet and β-Hydroxybutyrate alleviate ischemic brain injury in mice via an IRAKM-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175933. [PMID: 37481199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) is a classical nonpharmacological therapy that has recently been shown to benefit cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of KD pretreatment and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB, bioactive product of KD) post-treatment in a mouse model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Neurological function, infarct volume, as well as inflammatory reactions are evaluated 24 h after ischemia. Results showed that both KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment improved the Bederson score and Grip test score, reduced infarct volume and the extravasation of IgG, suppressed the over-activation of microglia, and modulated the expression of cytokines. Mechanically, we found that both KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment significantly stimulated the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAKM) and then inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. IRAKM deletion (Irakm-/-) exacerbated tMCAO-induced neurovascular injuries, and aggravated neuroinflammatory response. Moreover, KD pretreatment or BHB post-treatment lost their neuroprotection in the tMCAO-treated Irakm-/- mice. Our results support that KD pretreatment and BHB post-treatment alleviate ischemic brain injury in mice, possibly via an IRAKM-dependent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuman Lin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510420, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiancong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hengren Zhong
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, 570203, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary dysfunction leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs), as well as disseminated coagulation, and multi-organ dysfunction. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight key gaps in knowledge, discuss the heterogeneity of neutrophils during the evolution of the disease, how they can contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V. S. Castanheira
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and InfectiousUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and InfectiousUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ho JQ, Sepand MR, Bigdelou B, Shekarian T, Esfandyarpour R, Chauhan P, Serpooshan V, Beura LK, Hutter G, Zanganeh S. The immune response to COVID-19: Does sex matter? Immunology 2022; 166:429-443. [PMID: 35470422 PMCID: PMC9111683 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented challenges worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and has a complex interaction with the immune system, including growing evidence of sex-specific differences in the immune response. Sex-disaggregated analyses of epidemiological data indicate that males experience more severe symptoms and suffer higher mortality from COVID-19 than females. Many behavioural risk factors and biological factors may contribute to the different immune response. This review examines the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of sex, with emphasis on potential biological mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes. Understanding sex differences in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection will help promote the development of specific strategies to manage the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Q. Ho
- Department of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
| | - Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Rahim Esfandyarpour
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Laboratory of Functional Biology of Protists, Institute of ParasitologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Lalit K. Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liew YJM, Ibrahim PAS, Ong HM, Chong CN, Tan CT, Schee JP, Gómez Román R, Cherian NG, Wong WF, Chang LY. The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061162. [PMID: 35744680 PMCID: PMC9228579 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in Malaysia in 1998. It is a human pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory infection and encephalitis. The natural reservoir of NiV, Pteropus fruit bats, remains a continuous virus source for future outbreaks, although infection in the bats is largely asymptomatic. NiV provokes serious disease in various mammalian species. In the recent human NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh and India, both bats-to-human and human-to-human transmissions have been observed. NiV has been demonstrated to interfere with the innate immune response via interferon type I signaling, promoting viral dissemination and preventing antiviral response. Studies of humoral immunity in infected NiV patients and animal models have shown that NiV-specific antibodies were produced upon infection and were protective. Studies on cellular immunity response to NiV infection in human and animal models also found that the adaptive immune response, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, was stimulated upon NiV infection. The experimental vaccines and therapeutic strategies developed have provided insights into the immunological requirements for the development of successful medical countermeasures against NiV. This review summarizes the current understanding of NiV pathogenesis and innate and adaptive immune responses induced upon infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Jing Mei Liew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
- Deputy Vice Chancellor’s Office (Research & Innovation), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Ainaa S. Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
| | - Hui Ming Ong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
| | - Chee Ning Chong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
| | - Chong Tin Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.T.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Jie Ping Schee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.T.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Raúl Gómez Román
- Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), Askekroken 11, 0277 Oslo, Norway; (R.G.R.); (N.G.C.)
| | - Neil George Cherian
- Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), Askekroken 11, 0277 Oslo, Norway; (R.G.R.); (N.G.C.)
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.J.M.L.); (P.A.S.I.); (H.M.O.); (C.N.C.); (W.F.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xin Y, Chen S, Tang K, Wu Y, Guo Y. Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042372. [PMID: 35216485 PMCID: PMC8876279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in the field of transcriptomics provides remarkable biomedical insights for drug discovery. In this study, a transcriptome signature reversal approach was conducted to identify the agents against influenza A virus (IAV) infection through dissecting gene expression changes in response to disease or compounds’ perturbations. Two compounds, nifurtimox and chrysin, were identified by a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic based on the transcriptional signatures from 81 IAV-infected patients and the gene expression profiles of 1309 compounds. Their activities were verified in vitro with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) from 9.1 to 19.1 μM against H1N1 or H3N2. It also suggested that the two compounds interfered with multiple sessions in IAV infection by reversing the expression of 28 IAV informative genes. Through network-based analysis of the 28 reversed IAV informative genes, a strong synergistic effect of the two compounds was revealed, which was confirmed in vitro. By using the transcriptome signature reversion (TSR) on clinical datasets, this study provides an efficient scheme for the discovery of drugs targeting multiple host factors regarding clinical signs and symptoms, which may also confer an opportunity for decelerating drug-resistant variant emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63161716
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Almutairi F, Sarr D, Tucker SL, Fantone K, Lee JK, Rada B. RGS10 Reduces Lethal Influenza Infection and Associated Lung Inflammation in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772288. [PMID: 34912341 PMCID: PMC8667315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics represent a significant global health threat. The exacerbated immune response triggered by respiratory influenza virus infection causes severe pulmonary damage and contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality. Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10) belongs to the RGS protein family that act as GTPase activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins to terminate signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. While RGS10 is highly expressed in immune cells, in particular monocytes and macrophages, where it has strong anti-inflammatory effects, its physiological role in the respiratory immune system has not been explored yet. Here, we show that Rgs10 negatively modulates lung immune and inflammatory responses associated with severe influenza H1N1 virus respiratory infection in a mouse model. In response to influenza A virus challenge, mice lacking RGS10 experience enhanced weight loss and lung viral titers, higher mortality and significantly faster disease onset. Deficiency of Rgs10 upregulates the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increases myeloid leukocyte accumulation in the infected lung, markedly neutrophils, monocytes, and inflammatory monocytes, which is associated with more pronounced lung damage. Consistent with this, influenza-infected Rgs10-deficent lungs contain more neutrophil extracellular traps and exhibit higher neutrophil elastase activities than wild-type lungs. Overall, these findings propose a novel, in vivo role for RGS10 in the respiratory immune system controlling myeloid leukocyte infiltration, viral clearance and associated clinical symptoms following lethal influenza challenge. RGS10 also holds promise as a new, potential therapeutic target for respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faris Almutairi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Samantha L. Tucker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kayla Fantone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun L, Wang R, Wu C, Gong J, Ma H, Fung SY, Yang H. The Modulatory Activity of Tryptophan Displaying Nanodevices on Macrophage Activation for Preventing Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750128. [PMID: 34659253 PMCID: PMC8516359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the initiation, progression and resolution of inflammation in many human diseases. Effective regulation of their activation and immune responses could be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage various inflammatory conditions. Nanodevices that naturally target macrophages are ideal agents to regulate immune responses of macrophages. Here we described a special tryptophan (Trp)-containing hexapeptide-coated gold nanoparticle hybrid, PW, which had unique immunomodulatory activities on macrophages. The Trp residues enabled PW higher affinity to cell membranes, and contributed to inducing mild pro-inflammatory responses of NF-κB/AP-1 activation. However, in the presence of TLR stimuli, PW exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities through inhibiting multiple TLR signaling pathways. Mechanistically, PW was internalized primarily through micropinocytosis pathway into macrophages and attenuated the endosomal acidification process, and hence preferentially affected the endosomal TLR signaling. Interestingly, PW could induce the expression of the TLR negative regulator IRAK-M, which may also contribute to the observed TLR inhibitory activities. In two acute lung injury (ALI) mouse models, PW could effectively ameliorate lung inflammation and protect lung from injuries. This work demonstrated that nanodevices with thoughtful design could serve as novel immunomodulatory agents to manage the dysregulated inflammatory responses for treating many chronic and acute inflammatory conditions, such as ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiameng Gong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan-Yu Fung
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed MM, Sayed AM, El Abd D, Fares S, Said MSM, Elsayed Sedik Ebrahim E. Gender Difference in Perceived Symptoms and Laboratory Investigations in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases: A Retrospective Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211039718. [PMID: 34407661 PMCID: PMC8381412 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211039718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating gender-specific effects of COVID-19 is important to develop effective therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to explore gender difference in perceived symptoms and laboratory investigations in suspected and confirmed cases. METHODS This is a retrospective study that included data from suspected COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the pandemic. Participants using the phone triaging system at Kasralainy outpatient clinics were included. The analyzed data included patient history and results of nasopharyngeal swab and laboratory data. RESULTS Out of 440 COVID-19 suspected cases, 56.36% were females. The perceived COVID-19 symptoms showed no significant gender difference in suspected cases while in confirmed cases females were 4 times more likely to complain of cough [OR (95% CI) 3.92 (1.316-11.68), P-value .014] and 5 times more likely to experience loss of smell or taste [OR (95% CI) 4.84 (1.62-14.43), P-value .005]. Laboratory markers revealed high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea, serum creatinine, creatine kinase, and serum ferritin in males and this was statistically significant (P-value <.001) in suspected and confirmed cases. Females confirmed with COVID-19 were 80%, 97%, and 97% less likely to have high levels of ALT, creatin kinase, and serum ferritin [OR (95% CI) 0.20 (0.07-0.54), 0.07 (0.01-0.38), and 0.07 (0.01-0.90), P-value .002, .002, and .041, respectively]. CONCLUSION Gender differences were found in laboratory markers in COVID-19 suspected and confirmed cases and in perceived symptoms in confirmed cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal M Sayed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina El Abd
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Fares
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tao T, Zhang Y, Wei H, Heng K. Downregulation of IRAK3 by miR-33b-3p relieves chondrocyte inflammation and apoptosis in an in vitro osteoarthritis model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:545-552. [PMID: 33590831 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) has a distinctive role in regulating inflammation. However, the functional role of IRAK3 and regulatory mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. Here, we first found that IRAK3 was upregulated, while miR-33b-3p was downregulated in the cartilage of OA patients and IL-1β-induced CHON-001 cells. IRAK3 was confirmed as the direct target of miR-33b-3p and negatively regulated by miR-33b-3p. There was an inverse correlation between IRAK3 mRNA expression and miR-33b-3p expression in OA cartilage tissues. The in vitro functional experiments showed that miR-33b-3p overexpression caused a remarkable increase in viability, a significant decrease in inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF-α), and apoptosis in IL-1β-induced CHON-001 cells. Importantly, IRAK3 knockdown imitated, while overexpression reversed the effects of miR-33b-3p on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in CHON-001 cells. Collectively, miR-33b-3p significantly alleviated IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis by downregulating IRAK3, which may serve as a promising target for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunkun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Heng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seki M. Trends in the management of infectious disease under SARS-CoV-2 era: From pathophysiological comparison of COVID-19 and influenza. World J Virol 2021; 10:62-68. [PMID: 33816151 PMCID: PMC7995412 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a historic pandemic, and dealing with it is one of the most important aspects of infectious disease treatment today. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to have characteristic and powerful infectivity (ability to propagate) and lethality (severity). With influenza, primary influenza pneumonia from the virus itself is known to exist in addition to secondary bacterial pneumonia. With COVID-19, on the other hand, it is important to provide diagnosis and treatment while keeping acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema (alveolar flood) from a similar cytokine storm, as well as severe angiopathy, in mind. The importance of complying with hand hygiene and masks in infection control remains the same as in previous general infection control measures and responses to influenza virus infections and others, but in the future, vaccination will likely be the key to infection control in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Seki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi 983-8536, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang N, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Song R, Yang X, Huang L, Xiong S, Huang X, Xu F, Wang Y, Wan G, Chen Z, Li A, Zhan Q, Zeng H. Circulating Rather Than Alveolar Extracellular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Levels Predict Outcomes in Influenza. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1145-1154. [PMID: 32436580 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with a poor prognosis in influenza A infection. It remains unclear whether NETs in the plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can predict clinical outcomes in influenza. METHODS One hundred eighteen patients who were diagnosed with H1N1 influenza in 2017-2018 were recruited. The NETs were assessed in plasma and BALF samples by quantifying cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) and protein-DNA complexes. Predictions of severe illness and 60-day mortality were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The NET levels were significantly elevated in the BALF and contributed to the pathology of lungs, yet it was not associated with disease severity or mortality in patients severely infected with H1N1. Plasma NET levels were significantly increased in the patients with severe influenza and positively correlated with the oxygen index and sequential organ failure assessment scores. High levels of plasma cfDNA (>286.6 ng/mL) or histone-bound DNA (>9.4 ng/mL) discriminated severe influenza from mild, and even higher levels of cfDNA (>306.3 ng/mL) or histone-bound DNA (>23.1 ng/mL) predicted fatal outcomes in severely ill patients. CONCLUSIONS The cfDNA and histone-bound DNA in plasma represent early predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- The National Clinical Key Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Huang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Xiong
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Statistics Room, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- The National Clinical Key Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Zhang M, Li L, Chen W, Zhou W, Gao J. IRAK-M knockout promotes allergic airway inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness, in house dust mite-induced experimental asthma model. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1413-1426. [PMID: 33841934 PMCID: PMC8024803 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background IL-1 receptor associated-kinase (IRAK)-M, expressed by airway epithelium and macrophages, was shown to regulate acute and chronic airway inflammation exhibiting a biphasic response in an OVA-based animal model. House dust mite (HDM) is a common real-life aeroallergen highly relevant to asthma pathogenesis. The role of IRAK-M in HDM-induced asthma remains unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IRAK-M on allergic airway inflammation induced by HDM using IRAK-M knockout (KO) mice and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods IRAK-M KO and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM. The differences in airway inflammation were evaluated 24 hours after the last challenge between the two genotypes of mice using a number of cellular and molecular biological techniques. In vitro mechanistic investigation was also involved. Results Lung expression of IRAK-M was significantly upregulated by HDM in the WT mice. Compared with the WT controls, HDM-treated IRAK-M KO mice showed exacerbated infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly Th2 cells, in the airways and mucus overproduction, higher epithelial mediators IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP and Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lung IRAK-M KO macrophages expressed higher percentage of costimulatory molecules OX40L and CD 80 and exhibited enhanced antigen uptake. However, IRAK-M KO didn’t impact the airway hyperreactivity (AHR) indirectly induced by HDM. Conclusions The findings indicate that IRAK-M protects allergic airway inflammation, not AHR, by modifying activation and antigen uptake of lung macrophages following HDM stimulation. Optimal regulation of IRAK-M might indicate an intriguing therapeutic avenue for allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Li
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Departments of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wexun Zhou
- Departments of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NMP4 regulates the innate immune response to influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:209-218. [PMID: 32152414 PMCID: PMC7483155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus infection typically triggers excessive and detrimental lung inflammation with massive cell infiltration and hyper-production of cytokines and chemokines. We identified a novel function for nuclear matrix protein 4 (NMP4), a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor playing roles in bone formation and spermatogenesis, in regulating antiviral immune response and immunopathology. Nmp4-deficient mice are protected from H1N1 influenza infection, losing only 5% body weight compared to a 20% weight loss in wild type mice. While having no effects on viral clearance or CD8/CD4 T cell or humoral responses, deficiency of Nmp4 in either lung structural cells or hematopoietic cells significantly reduces the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the lungs. Consistent with fewer innate cells in the airways, influenza-infected Nmp4-deficient mice have significantly decreased expression of chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl7 and Cxcl1 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b and Il6. Furthermore, NMP4 binds to the promoters and/or conserved non-coding sequences of the chemokine genes and regulates their expression in mouse lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our data suggest that NMP4 functions to promote monocyte- and neutrophil-attracting chemokine expression upon influenza A infection, resulting in exaggerated innate inflammation and lung tissue damage.
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu Y, Hao C, Zhai R, Yao W. Folate and macrophage folate receptor-β in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease: the potential therapeutic target? Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
16
|
Agrawal H, Das N, Nathani S, Saha S, Saini S, Kakar SS, Roy P. An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:94-112. [PMID: 33029768 PMCID: PMC7541100 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first time reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and thereafter quickly spread across the globe. Till September 19, 2020, COVID-19 has spread to 216 countries and territories. Severe infection of SARS-CoV-2 cause extreme increase in inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that may lead to multi-organ damage and respiratory failure. Currently, no specific treatment and authorized vaccines are available for its treatment. Renin angiotensin system holds a promising role in human physiological system specifically in regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid balance. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with Renin angiotensin system by utilizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for its cellular entry. This interaction hampers the protective action of ACE2 in the cells and causes injuries to organs due to persistent angiotensin II (Ang-II) level. Patients with certain comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are under the high risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Moreover, evidence obtained from several reports also suggests higher susceptibility of male patients for COVID-19 mortality and other acute viral infections compared to females. Analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) epidemiological data also indicate a gender-based preference in disease consequences. The current review addresses the possible mechanisms responsible for higher COVID-19 mortality among male patients. The major underlying aspects that was looked into includes smoking, genetic factors, and the impact of reproductive hormones on immune systems and inflammatory responses. Detailed investigations of this gender disparity could provide insight into the development of patient tailored therapeutic approach which would be helpful in improving the poor outcomes of COVID-19. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Neeladrisingha Das
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sandip Nathani
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kniss DA, Summerfield TL. Progesterone Receptor Signaling Selectively Modulates Cytokine-Induced Global Gene Expression in Human Cervical Stromal Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 33061933 PMCID: PMC7517718 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <1 year of age. Intrauterine inflammation is a hallmark of preterm and term parturition; however, this alone cannot fully explain the pathobiology of PTB. For example, the cervix undergoes a prolonged series of biochemical and biomechanical events, including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and mechanochemical changes, culminating in ripening. Vaginal progesterone (P4) prophylaxis demonstrates great promise in preventing PTB in women with a short cervix (<25 mm). We used a primary culture model of human cervical stromal fibroblasts to investigate gene expression signatures in cells treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the presence or absence of P4 following 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) priming for 7–10 days. Microarrays were used to measure global gene expression in cells treated with cytokine or P4 alone or in combination, followed by validation of select transcripts by semiquantitative polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Primary/precursor (MIR) and mature microRNAs (miR) were quantified by microarray and NanoString® platforms, respectively, and validated by qRT-PCR. Differential gene expression was computed after data normalization followed by pathway analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Panther, Gene Ontology (GO), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) upstream regulator algorithm tools. Treatment of fibroblasts with IL-1β alone resulted in the differential expression of 1432 transcripts (protein coding and non-coding), while P4 alone led to the expression of only 43 transcripts compared to untreated controls. Cytokines, chemokines, and their cognate receptors and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS-2) were among the most highly upregulated transcripts following either IL-1β or IL-1β + P4. Other prominent differentially expressed transcripts were those encoding ECM proteins, ECM-degrading enzymes, and enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis. We also detected differential expression of bradykinin receptor-1 and -2 transcripts, suggesting (prominent in tissue injury/remodeling) a role for the kallikrein–kinin system in cervical responses to cytokine and/or P4 challenge. Collectively, this global gene expression study provides a rich database to interrogate stromal fibroblasts in the setting of a proinflammatory and endocrine milieu that is relevant to cervical remodeling/ripening during preparation for parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kniss
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Taryn L Summerfield
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu B, Gu Y, Pei S, Peng Y, Chen J, Pham LV, Shen HY, Zhang J, Wang H. Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK)-M -mediated type 2 microglia polarization ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Autoimmun 2019; 102:77-88. [PMID: 31036429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) play a key role in activating the innate immune system during pathogen recognition. In the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), activated TLR4 together with myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) produce an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the differentiation of microglia into the M1 phenotype, who plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M is specifically expressed in microglia in central nervous system (CNS) and act as a negative regulator of TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway. Moreover, previous studies have shown that IRAK-M promotes the differentiation of type 2 microglia; however, its role in MS has not been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that IRAK-M expression is elevated during EAE, and IRAK-M-/- mice significantly accelerated course and increased severity of disease, accompanied by a visible increase of the M1 microglia infiltrated. In conclusion, these data indicates that IRAK-M significantly improves EAE onset through down-regulation of the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway, which finally leads to differentiation of M2 phenotype in the microglia. Our study suggests that IRAK-M may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR, 97232, USA.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kulkarni U, Zemans RL, Smith CA, Wood SC, Deng JC, Goldstein DR. Excessive neutrophil levels in the lung underlie the age-associated increase in influenza mortality. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:545-554. [PMID: 30617300 PMCID: PMC6375784 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils clear viruses, but excessive neutrophil responses induce tissue injury and worsen disease. Aging increases mortality to influenza infection; however, whether this is due to impaired viral clearance or a pathological host immune response is unknown. Here we show that aged mice have higher levels of lung neutrophils than younger mice after influenza viral infection. Depleting neutrophils after, but not before, infection substantially improves the survival of aged mice without altering viral clearance. Aged alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) have a higher frequency of senescence and secrete higher levels of the neutrophil-attracting chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 during influenza infection. These chemokines are required for age-enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. Our work suggests that aging increases mortality from influenza in part because senescent AECs secrete more chemokines, leading to excessive neutrophil recruitment. Therapies that mitigate this pathological immune response in the elderly might improve outcomes of influenza and other respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Candice A Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sherri C Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. Influenza Virus Infections and Cellular Kinases. Viruses 2019; 11:E171. [PMID: 30791550 PMCID: PMC6410056 DOI: 10.3390/v11020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major cause of respiratory illness and are responsible for yearly epidemics associated with more than 500,000 annual deaths globally. Novel IAVs may cause pandemic outbreaks and zoonotic infections with, for example, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of the H5N1 and H7N9 subtypes, which pose a threat to public health. Treatment options are limited and emergence of strains resistant to antiviral drugs jeopardize this even further. Like all viruses, IAVs depend on host factors for every step of the virus replication cycle. Host kinases link multiple signaling pathways in respond to a myriad of stimuli, including viral infections. Their regulation of multiple response networks has justified actively targeting cellular kinases for anti-cancer therapies and immune modulators for decades. There is a growing volume of research highlighting the significant role of cellular kinases in regulating IAV infections. Their functional role is illustrated by the required phosphorylation of several IAV proteins necessary for replication and/or evasion/suppression of the innate immune response. Identified in the majority of host factor screens, functional studies further support the important role of kinases and their potential as host restriction factors. PKC, ERK, PI3K and FAK, to name a few, are kinases that regulate viral entry and replication. Additionally, kinases such as IKK, JNK and p38 MAPK are essential in mediating viral sensor signaling cascades that regulate expression of antiviral chemokines and cytokines. The feasibility of targeting kinases is steadily moving from bench to clinic and already-approved cancer drugs could potentially be repurposed for treatments of severe IAV infections. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of cellular kinases to IAV infections and their value as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carrasco-Yepez MM, Contis-Montes de Oca A, Campos-Rodriguez R, Falcon-Acosta D, Pacheco-Yepez J, Rodriguez-Mera IB, Bonilla-Lemus P, Rosales-Cruz E, Lopez-Reyes I, Rojas-Hernandez S. Mouse neutrophils release extracellular traps in response to Naegleria fowleri. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12610. [PMID: 30525201 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba, which is able to infect humans through the nasal mucosa causing a disease in the central nervous system known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) play a critical role in the early phase of N fowleri infection. Recently, a new biological defence mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been attracting attention. These structures represent an important strategy to immobilize and kill invading microorganisms. In this work, we evaluate the capacity of N fowleri to induce the NETs release by PMNs cells in mice in vitro and in vivo. In vitro: Neutrophils from bone marrow were cocultured with N fowleri trophozoites. In vivo: we employed a mouse model of PAM. We evaluated DNA, histone and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the formation of NETs by confocal microscopy. Our results showed N fowleri induce both NETs and MPO release by PMNs cells in mice after trophozoite exposure, which increased through time, in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that NETs are somehow associated with the amoebas. We suggest PMNs release their traps trying to avoid N fowleri attachment at the apical side of the nasal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Contis-Montes de Oca
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Rafael Campos-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Diana Falcon-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yepez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Itzel Berenice Rodriguez-Mera
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Patricia Bonilla-Lemus
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Proyecto CyMA, UIICSE, UNAM FES Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Erika Rosales-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Hematopatología, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México City, México
| | - Israel Lopez-Reyes
- Universidad de la Ciudad de México, Plantel Cuautepec, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saul Rojas-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khatami M. Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and 'Dark Energy': loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism). Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29961900 PMCID: PMC6026585 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health involves a synchronized network of catabolic and anabolic signals among organs/tissues/cells that requires differential bioenergetics from mitochondria and glycolysis (biological laws or biorhythms). We defined biological circadian rhythms as Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) arms of acute inflammation (effective immunity) involving immune and non-immune systems. Role of pathogens in altering immunity and inducing diseases and cancer has been documented for over a century. However, in 1955s decision makers in cancer/medical establishment allowed public (current baby boomers) to consume million doses of virus-contaminated polio vaccines. The risk of cancer incidence and mortality sharply rose from 5% (rate of hereditary/genetic or innate disease) in 1900s, to its current scary status of 33% or 50% among women and men, respectively. Despite better hygiene, modern detection technologies and discovery of antibiotics, baby boomers and subsequent 2–3 generations are sicker than previous generations at same age. American health status ranks last among other developed nations while America invests highest amount of resources for healthcare. In this perspective we present evidence that cancer is an induced disease of twentieth century, facilitated by a great deception of cancer/medical establishment for huge corporate profits. Unlike popularized opinions that cancer is 100, 200 or 1000 diseases, we demonstrate that cancer is only one disease; the severe disturbances in biorhythms (differential bioenergetics) or loss of balance in Yin and Yang of effective immunity. Cancer projects that are promoted and funded by decision makers are reductionist approaches, wrong and unethical and resulted in loss of millions of precious lives and financial toxicity to society. Public vaccination with pathogen-specific vaccines (e.g., flu, hepatitis, HPV, meningitis, measles) weakens, not promotes, immunity. Results of irresponsible projects on cancer sciences or vaccines are increased population of drug-dependent sick society. Outcome failure rates of claimed ‘targeted’ drugs, ‘precision’ or ‘personalized’ medicine are 90% (± 5) for solid tumors. We demonstrate that aging, frequent exposures to environmental hazards, infections and pathogen-specific vaccines and ingredients are ‘antigen overload’ for immune system, skewing the Yin and Yang response profiles and leading to induction of ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ immune disorders. Induction of decoy or pattern recognition receptors (e.g., PRRs), such as IRAK-M or IL-1dRs (‘designer’ molecules) and associated genomic instability and over-expression of growth promoting factors (e.g., pyruvate kinases, mTOR and PI3Ks, histamine, PGE2, VEGF) could lead to immune tolerance, facilitating cancer cells to hijack anabolic machinery of immunity (Yang) for their increased growth requirements. Expression of constituent embryonic factors would negatively regulate differentiation of tumor cells through epithelial–mesenchymal-transition and create “dual negative feedback loop” that influence tissue metabolism under hypoxic conditions. It is further hypothesized that induction of tolerance creates ‘dark energy’ and increased entropy and temperature in cancer microenvironment allowing disorderly cancer proliferation and mitosis along with increased glucose metabolism via Crabtree and Pasteur Effects, under mitophagy and ribophagy, conditions that are toxic to host survival. Effective translational medicine into treatment requires systematic and logical studies of complex interactions of tumor cells with host environment that dictate clinical outcomes. Promoting effective immunity (biological circadian rhythms) are fundamental steps in correcting host differential bioenergetics and controlling cancer growth, preventing or delaying onset of diseases and maintaining public health. The author urges independent professionals and policy makers to take a closer look at cancer dilemma and stop the ‘scientific/medical ponzi schemes’ of a powerful group that control a drug-dependent sick society before all hopes for promoting public health evaporate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation, Aging and Cancer, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The IL-33-PIN1-IRAK-M axis is critical for type 2 immunity in IL-33-induced allergic airway inflammation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1603. [PMID: 29686383 PMCID: PMC5913134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is among the earliest-released cytokines in response to allergens that orchestrate type 2 immunity. The prolyl cis-trans isomerase PIN1 is known to induce cytokines for eosinophil survival and activation by stabilizing cytokines mRNAs, but the function of PIN1 in upstream signaling pathways in asthma is unknown. Here we show that interleukin receptor associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a PIN1 target critical for IL-33 signaling in allergic asthma. NMR analysis and docking simulations suggest that PIN1 might regulate IRAK-M conformation and function in IL-33 signaling. Upon IL-33-induced airway inflammation, PIN1 is activated for binding with and isomerization of IRAK-M, resulting in IRAK-M nuclear translocation and induction of selected proinflammatory genes in dendritic cells. Thus, the IL-33-PIN1-IRAK-M is an axis critical for dendritic cell activation, type 2 immunity and IL-33 induced airway inflammation. IL-33 orchestrates type 2 immunity in allergic asthma. Here the authors show, using biochemical, structural and patient data, that upon IL-33 or allergic challenge, the isomerase Pin1 modifies IRAK-M to control the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the setting of airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsui K, Ozawa M, Kiso M, Yamashita M, Maekawa T, Kubota M, Sugano S, Kawaoka Y. Stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors impairs influenza virus infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4631. [PMID: 29545586 PMCID: PMC5854622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. The emergence of viruses resistant to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel inhibitors underlines the need for alternate anti-influenza drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here, we report the discovery of a host factor as a potential target of anti-influenza drugs. By using cell-based virus replication screening of a chemical library and several additional assays, we identified clonidine as a new anti-influenza agent in vitro. We found that clonidine, which is an agonist of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR), has an inhibitory effect on the replication of various influenza virus strains. α2-AR is a Gi-type G protein-coupled receptor that reduces intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. In-depth analysis showed that stimulation of α2-ARs leads to impairment of influenza virus replication and that α2-AR agonists inhibit the virus assembly step, likely via a cAMP-mediated pathway. Although clonidine administration did not reduce lung virus titers or prevent body weight loss, it did suppress lung edema and improve survival in a murine lethal infection model. Clonidine may thus protect against lung damage caused by influenza virus infection. Our results identify α2-AR-mediated signaling as a key pathway to exploit in the development of anti-influenza agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Matsui
- Laboratory of Next Generation Drug Development, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- Laboratory of Next Generation Drug Development, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Kubota
- Laboratory of Next Generation Drug Development, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Laboratory of Next Generation Drug Development, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. .,Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neutrophils and PMN-MDSC: Their biological role and interaction with stromal cells. Semin Immunol 2017; 35:19-28. [PMID: 29254756 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and polymorphonucler myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) share origin and many morphological and phenotypic features. However, they have different biological role. Neutrophils are one of the major mechanisms of protection against invading pathogens, whereas PMN-MDSC have immune suppressive activity and restrict immune responses in cancer, chronic infectious disease, trauma, sepsis, and many other pathological conditions. Although in healthy adult individuals, PMN-MDSC are not or barely detectable, in patients with cancer and many other diseases they accumulate at various degree and co-exist with neutrophils. Recent advances allow for better distinction of these cells and better understanding of their biological role. Accumulating evidence indicates PMN-MDSC as pathologically activated neutrophils, with important role in regulation of immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview on the definition and characterization of PMN-MDSC and neutrophils, their pathological significance in a variety of diseases, and their interaction with other stromal components.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tavares LP, Garcia CC, Machado MG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Barthelemy A, Trottein F, Siqueira MM, Brandolini L, Allegretti M, Machado AM, de Sousa LP, Teixeira MM. CXCR1/2 Antagonism Is Protective during Influenza and Post-Influenza Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1799. [PMID: 29326698 PMCID: PMC5733534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Influenza A infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially when associated with secondary pneumococcal infections. Inflammation is important to control pathogen proliferation but may also cause tissue injury and death. CXCR1/2 are chemokine receptors relevant for the recruitment of neutrophils. We investigated the role of CXCR1/2 during influenza, pneumococcal, and post-influenza pneumococcal infections. Methods Mice were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) or Streptococcus pneumoniae and then treated daily with the CXCR1/2 antagonist DF2162. To study secondary pneumococcal infection, mice were infected with a sublethal inoculum of IAV then infected with S. pneumoniae 14 days later. DF2162 was given in a therapeutic schedule from days 3 to 6 after influenza infection. Lethality, weight loss, inflammation, virus/bacteria counts, and lung injury were assessed. Results CXCL1 and CXCL2 were produced at high levels during IAV infection. DF2162 treatment decreased morbidity and this was associated with decreased infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs and reduced pulmonary damage and viral titers. During S. pneumoniae infection, DF2162 treatment decreased neutrophil recruitment, pulmonary damage, and lethality rates, without affecting bacteria burden. Therapeutic treatment with DF2162 during sublethal IAV infection reduced the morbidity associated with virus infection and also decreased the magnitude of inflammation, lung damage, and number of bacteria in the blood of mice subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae. Conclusion Modulation of the inflammatory response by blocking CXCR1/2 improves disease outcome during respiratory influenza and pneumococcal infections, without compromising the ability of the murine host to deal with infection. Altogether, inhibition of CXCR1/2 may be a valid therapeutic strategy for treating lung infections caused by these pathogens, especially controlling secondary bacterial infection after influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina G Machado
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adeline Barthelemy
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre M Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P de Sousa
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang M, Chen W, Zhou W, Bai Y, Gao J. Critical Role of IRAK-M in Regulating Antigen-Induced Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:547-559. [PMID: 28665693 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an airway epithelium disorder involving allergic lung inflammation. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling on airway epithelial cells and macrophages, and it is known to limit the overproduction of cytokines during the inflammatory process. However, the direct role of IRAK-M in asthma pathogenesis is unclear. In the present study, we found a significant elevation of IRAK-M expression in mouse lungs after ovalbumin (OVA) exposure. Compared with wild-type mice, IRAK-M knockout (KO) mice responded to OVA challenge with significantly worse infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, greater airway responsiveness, higher proinflammatory cytokine levels in lung homogenates, and more prominent T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) and Th17 deviation. OVA exposure also induced higher activities of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages from IRAK-M KO mouse lungs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of either IRAK-M KO bone-marrow-derived DCs or macrophages into wild-type mice aggravated OVA-induced airway inflammation. In vitro experiments showed that IRAK-M KO naive CD4+ T cells were more prone to differentiate into Th17 cells, but not regulatory T cells. Consistently, activation of IκBζ was significantly increased in the absence of IRAK-M, facilitating Th17 polarization. These findings suggest that IRAK-M plays a crucial role in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation by modifying the function of airway epithelia, DCs, and macrophages, and the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. Modulation of IRAK-M may provide a novel target for the control of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weixun Zhou
- 3 Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yan Bai
- 4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aoyagi T, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Nanjo Y, Peters-Golden M, Kaku M, Standiford TJ. Interleukin-36γ and IL-36 receptor signaling mediate impaired host immunity and lung injury in cytotoxic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection: Role of prostaglandin E2. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006737. [PMID: 29166668 PMCID: PMC5718565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that can lead to severe infection associated with lung injury and high mortality. The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) are newly described IL-1 like family cytokines that promote inflammatory response via binding to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Here we investigated the functional role of IL-36 cytokines in the modulating of innate immune response against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection. The intratracheal administration of flagellated cytotoxic P. aeruginosa (ATCC 19660) upregulated IL-36α and IL-36γ, but not IL-36β, in the lungs. IL-36α and IL-36γ were expressed in pulmonary macrophages (PMs) and alveolar epithelial cells in response to P. aeruginosa in vitro. Mortality after bacterial challenge in IL-36 receptor deficient (IL-36R-/-) mice and IL-36γ deficient (IL-36γ-/-) mice, but not IL-36α deficient mice, was significantly lower than that of wild type mice. Decreased mortality in IL-36R-/- mice and IL-36γ-/- mice was associated with reduction in bacterial burden in the alveolar space, bacterial dissemination, production of inflammatory cytokines and lung injury, without changes in lung leukocyte influx. Interestingly, IL-36γ enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during P. aeruginosa infection in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of PMs with recombinant IL-36γ resulted in impaired bacterial killing via PGE2 and its receptor; EP2. P. aeruginosa infected EP2 deficient mice or WT mice treated with a COX-2-specific inhibitor showed decreased bacterial burden and dissemination, but no change in lung injury. Finally, we observed an increase in IL-36γ, but not IL-36α, in the airspace and plasma of patients with P. aeruginosa-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, IL-36γ and its receptor signal not only impaired bacterial clearance in a possible PGE2 dependent fashion but also mediated lung injury during P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael W. Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yuta Nanjo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effect of IRAK-M on Airway Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoking. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6506953. [PMID: 28951634 PMCID: PMC5603328 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6506953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IRAK-M, negatively regulating Toll-like receptor, is shown the dual properties in the varied disease contexts. We studied the effect of IRAK-M deficiency on cigarette smoking- (CS-) induced airway inflammation under acute or subacute conditions in a mouse model. Methods A number of cellular and molecular techniques were used to detect the differences between IRAK-M knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice exposed to 3-day or 7-week CS. Results Airway inflammation was comparable between IRAK-M KO and WT mice under 3-day CS exposure. Upon short-term CS exposure and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation, IRAK-M KO mice demonstrated worse airway inflammation, significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and significantly elevated expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 by lung dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages. Conversely, 7-week CS exposed IRAK-M KO mice demonstrated significantly attenuated airway inflammation, significantly lower concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs, significantly increased percentage of Tregs, and lower expression of CD11b and CD86 by lung DCs or macrophages. Conclusions IRAK-M plays distinctive effect on CS-induced airway inflammation, and influences Treg/Th17 balance and expression of costimulatory molecules by DCs and macrophages, depending on duration and intensity of stimulus.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahdi L, Musafer H, Zwain L, Salman I, Al-Joofy I, Rasool K, Mussa A, Al-kakei S, Al-Oqaili R, Al-Alak S, Chaloob A, Abdulkareem A, Hussein B, Mahdi N, Taher N. Two novel roles of buffalo milk lactoperoxidase, antibiofilm agent and immunomodulator against multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Listeria monocytogenes. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:221-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
IL-36 receptor deletion attenuates lung injury and decreases mortality in murine influenza pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1043-1055. [PMID: 27966554 PMCID: PMC5471142 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus causes a respiratory disease in humans that can progress to lung injury with fatal outcome. The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are newly described IL-1 family cytokines that promote inflammatory responses via binding to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). The mechanism of expression and the role of IL-36 cytokines are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of IL-36 cytokines in modulating the innate inflammatory response during influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mice. The intranasal administration of influenza virus upregulated IL-36α mRNA and protein production in the lungs. In vitro, influenza virus-mediated IL-36α but not IL-36γ is induced and secreted from alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) through both a caspase-1 and caspase-3/7 dependent pathway. IL-36α was detected in microparticles shed from AECs and promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory cells. IL-36R-deficient mice were protected from influenza virus-induced lung injury and mortality. Decreased mortality was associated with significantly reduced early accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, activation of lymphocytes, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and permeability of the alveolar-epithelial barrier in despite impaired viral clearance. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-36 ligands exacerbate lung injury during influenza virus infection.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu S, Liu X, Zhang N, Yang S, Mao C, Feng S, Lu H. Protection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Preconditioning against Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (EIU) in Rats is Associated with Overexpression of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase M (IRAK-M). Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:943-950. [PMID: 28609207 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1291842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of LPS preconditioning against EIU in rats. METHODS EIU in Wistar rats was developed by subcutaneous injection of LPS (200 μg). Lower dose of LPS (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or its carrier was injected daily for five days before EIU induction. Twenty-four hours after EIU, eyes were examined and then enucleated. The degree of inflammatory reaction was determined by routine histological examinations. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the activation of NF-kB and expression of IRAK-1, IRAK-4, and IRAK-M Results: Repeated pre-administration of LPS induced a significant reduction in ocular inflammation and the expression of NF-κb p65 in neurons. The expression of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 was suppressed in endotoxin tolerance group, whereas IRAK-M was increased. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxin tolerance has a protective effect against EIU, and upregulation of IRAK-M through TLR-signaling pathway is one of the most likely candidates to be involved in the observed phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xinli Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuo Yang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Cui Mao
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shilan Feng
- c School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang D, Matsuda J, Berman R, Schaefer N, Stevenson C, Gross J, Zhang B, Sanchez A, Li L, Chu HW. A novel mouse model of conditional IRAK-M deficiency in myeloid cells: application in lung Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Innate Immun 2017; 23:206-215. [PMID: 28120642 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916684202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells such as macrophages are critical to innate defense against infection. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a negative regulator of TLR signaling during bacterial infection, but the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M in bacterial infection is unclear. Our goal was to generate a novel conditional knockout mouse model to define the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M during bacterial infection. Myeloid cell-specific IRAK-M knockout mice were generated by crossing IRAK-M floxed mice with LysM-Cre knock-in mice. The resulting LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt and control (LysM-Cre-/IRAK-Mfl/wt) mice were intranasally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). IRAK-M deletion, inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and PA load were measured in leukocytes, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs. PA killing assay with BAL fluid was performed to determine mechanisms of IRAK-M-mediated host defense. IRAK-M mRNA and protein levels in alveolar and lung macrophages were significantly reduced in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice compared with control mice. Following PA infection, LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice have enhanced lung neutrophilic inflammation, including MPO activity, but reduced PA load. The increased lung MPO activity in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mouse BAL fluid reduced PA load. Generation of IRAK-M conditional knockout mice will enable investigators to determine precisely the function of IRAK-M in myeloid cells and other types of cells during infection and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Matsuda
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Connor Stevenson
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James Gross
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amelia Sanchez
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyroni K, Patsalos A, Daskalaki MG, Doxaki C, Soennichsen B, Helms M, Liapis I, Zacharioudaki V, Kampranis SC, Tsatsanis C. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation of IRAK-M Expression in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1297-1307. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Mint3/Apba3 depletion ameliorates severe murine influenza pneumonia and macrophage cytokine production in response to the influenza virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37815. [PMID: 27883071 PMCID: PMC5121658 DOI: 10.1038/srep37815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) infection is a common cause of severe pneumonia. Studies have suggested that excessive activation of the host immune system including macrophages is responsible for the severe pathologies mediated by IFV infection. Here, we focused on the X11 protein family member Mint3/Apba3, known to promote ATP production via glycolysis by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages, and examined its roles in lung pathogenesis and anti-viral defence upon IFV infection. Mint3-deficient mice exhibited improved influenza pneumonia with reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokine levels and neutrophil infiltration in the IFV-infected lungs without alteration in viral burden, type-I interferon production, or acquired immunity. In macrophages, Mint3 depletion attenuated NF-κB signalling and the resultant cytokine/chemokine production in response to IFV infection by increasing IκBα and activating the cellular energy sensor AMPK, respectively. Thus, Mint3 might represent one of the likely therapeutic targets for the treatment of severe influenza pneumonia without affecting host anti-viral defence through suppressing macrophage cytokine/chemokine production.
Collapse
|
36
|
Asama T, Uematsu T, Kobayashi N, Tatefuji T, Hashimoto K. Oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus kunkeei YB38 improves murine influenza pneumonia by enhancing IgA production. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 36:1-9. [PMID: 28243545 PMCID: PMC5301051 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is one of the important respiratory tract infections that require special attention for maintaining health and hygiene. The removal of influenza
virus (IFV) by secretory IgA produced by the respiratory epithelium has been reported to be a critical host defense mechanism. Therefore, we isolated
Lactobacillus kunkeei YB38 (YB38), the promoter of the salivary IgA secretion in humans, from honeybee pollen and studied the effect of
heat-killed YB38 treatment for preventing IFV infection in a mouse model. Female BALB/c mice received YB38 orally for 21 consecutive days and were then
inoculated nasally with IFV. The YB38-treated group with a daily dose of 100 mg/kg showed an increased survival rate after IFV infection relative to the
control. IgA secretion in the respiratory epithelium in the YB38-treated group (100 mg/kg) was significantly increased after 6 days of infection, while IL-6
production in the same respiratory site and the number of cells infiltrating into alveoli were significantly decreased. Moreover, lung tissue damage that
appeared after IFV infection was reduced. These results suggested that the YB38 dose induced early and local IgA secretion at the infection site, inhibited
persistent IFV infection, and prevented the infiltration of inflammatory immune cells or production of excessive IL-6, resulting in less damage to lung
tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asama
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., 194 Ichiba, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0393, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., 194 Ichiba, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0393, Japan
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., 194 Ichiba, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0393, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Integrating Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data Using Predictive Regulatory Network Models of Host Response to Pathogens. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005013. [PMID: 27403523 PMCID: PMC4942116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian host response to pathogenic infections is controlled by a complex regulatory network connecting regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and signaling proteins to target genes. An important challenge in infectious disease research is to understand molecular similarities and differences in mammalian host response to diverse sets of pathogens. Recently, systems biology studies have produced rich collections of omic profiles measuring host response to infectious agents such as influenza viruses at multiple levels. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network driving host response to multiple infectious agents, we integrated host transcriptomes and proteomes using a network-based approach. Our approach combines expression-based regulatory network inference, structured-sparsity based regression, and network information flow to infer putative physical regulatory programs for expression modules. We applied our approach to identify regulatory networks, modules and subnetworks that drive host response to multiple influenza infections. The inferred regulatory network and modules are significantly enriched for known pathways of immune response and implicate apoptosis, splicing, and interferon signaling processes in the differential response of viral infections of different pathogenicities. We used the learned network to prioritize regulators and study virus and time-point specific networks. RNAi-based knockdown of predicted regulators had significant impact on viral replication and include several previously unknown regulators. Taken together, our integrated analysis identified novel module level patterns that capture strain and pathogenicity-specific patterns of expression and helped identify important regulators of host response to influenza infection. An important challenge in infectious disease research is to understand how the human immune system responds to different types of pathogenic infections. An important component of mounting proper response is the transcriptional regulatory network that specifies the context-specific gene expression program in the host cell. However, our understanding of this regulatory network and how it drives context-specific transcriptional programs is incomplete. To address this gap, we performed a network-based analysis of host response to influenza viruses that integrated high-throughput mRNA- and protein measurements and protein-protein interaction networks to identify virus and pathogenicity-specific modules and their upstream physical regulatory programs. We inferred regulatory networks for human cell line and mouse host systems, which recapitulated several known regulators and pathways of the immune response and viral life cycle. We used the networks to study time point and strain-specific subnetworks and to prioritize important regulators of host response. We predicted several novel regulators, both at the mRNA and protein levels, and experimentally verified their role in the virus life cycle based on their ability to significantly impact viral replication.
Collapse
|
38
|
Harada T, Ishimatsu Y, Hara A, Morita T, Nakashima S, Kakugawa T, Sakamoto N, Kosai K, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Mukae H, Kohno S. Premedication with Clarithromycin Is Effective against Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia during Influenza Virus Infection in a Pulmonary Emphysema Mouse Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:457-63. [PMID: 27489022 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial pneumonia (SBP) during influenza increases the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its associated mortality. Macrolide antibiotics, including clarithromycin (CAM), are potential treatments for a variety of chronic respiratory diseases owing to their pharmacological activities, in addition to antimicrobial action. We examined the efficacy of CAM for the treatment of SBP after influenza infection in COPD. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of CAM in elastase-induced emphysema mice that were inoculated with influenza virus (strain A/PR8/34) and subsequently infected with macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae CAM was administered to the emphysema mice 4 days prior to influenza virus inoculation. Premedication with CAM improved pathologic responses and bacterial load 2 days after S. pneumoniae inoculation. Survival rates were higher in emphysema mice than control mice. While CAM premedication did not affect viral titers or exert antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae in the lungs, it enhanced host defense and reduced inflammation, as evidenced by the significant reductions in total cell and neutrophil counts and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenates. These results suggest that CAM protects against SBP during influenza in elastase-induced emphysema mice by reducing IFN-γ production, thus enhancing immunity to SBP, and by decreasing neutrophil infiltration into the lung to prevent injury. Accordingly, CAM may be an effective strategy to prevent secondary bacterial pneumonia in COPD patients in areas in which vaccines are inaccessible or limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Harada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Towako Morita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Shota Nakashima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (T.H., K.I.), Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Sciences (Y.I.), Department of Respiratory Medicine (N.S., H.M.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (K.K, K.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (T.H., A.H., T.M., S.N., T.K., N.S., H.M., S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Loss of CARD9-mediated innate activation attenuates severe influenza pneumonia without compromising host viral immunity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17577. [PMID: 26627732 PMCID: PMC4667252 DOI: 10.1038/srep17577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) infection is a common cause of severe viral pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is difficult to control with general immunosuppressive therapy including corticosteroids due to the unfavorable effect on viral replication. Studies have suggested that the excessive activation of the innate immunity by IFV is responsible for severe pathologies. In this study, we focused on CARD9, a signaling adaptor known to regulate innate immune activation through multiple innate sensor proteins, and investigated its role in anti-IFV defense and lung pathogenesis in a mouse model recapitulating severe influenza pneumonia with ARDS. We found that influenza pneumonia was dramatically attenuated in Card9-deficient mice, which showed improved mortality with reduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the infected lungs. However, viral clearance, type-I interferon production, and the development of anti-viral B and T cell immunity were not compromised by CARD9 deficiency. Syk or CARD9-deficient DCs but not macrophages showed impaired cytokine but not type-I interferon production in response to IFV in vitro, indicating a possible role for the Syk-CARD9 pathway in DCs in excessive inflammation of IFV-infected lungs. Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is an ideal therapeutic target for severe influenza pneumonia without affecting viral clearance.
Collapse
|
40
|
Saxena A, Shinde AV, Haque Z, Wu YJ, Chen W, Su Y, Frangogiannis NG. The role of Interleukin Receptor Associated Kinase (IRAK)-M in regulation of myofibroblast phenotype in vitro, and in an experimental model of non-reperfused myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:223-31. [PMID: 26542797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the infarcted myocardium, necrotic cardiomyocytes activate innate immune pathways, stimulating pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Although inflammation plays an important role in clearance of the infarct from dead cells and matrix debris, repair of the infarcted heart requires timely activation of signals that negatively regulate the innate immune response, limiting inflammatory injury. We have previously demonstrated that Interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M, a member of the IRAK family that suppresses toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 signaling, is upregulated in the infarcted heart in both macrophages and fibroblasts, and restrains pro-inflammatory activation attenuating adverse remodeling. Although IRAK-M is known to suppress inflammatory activation of macrophages, its role in fibroblasts remains unknown. Our current investigation examines the effects of IRAK-M on fibroblast phenotype and function. In vitro, IRAK-M null cardiac fibroblasts have impaired capacity to contract free-floating collagen pads. IRAK-M loss reduces transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-mediated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. IRAK-M deficient cardiac fibroblasts exhibit a modest reduction in TGF-β-stimulated Smad activation and increased expression of the α-SMA repressor, Y-box binding protein (YB)-1. In a model of non-reperfused myocardial infarction, IRAK-M absence does not affect collagen content and myofibroblast density in the infarcted and remodeling myocardium, but increases YB-1 levels and is associated with attenuated α-SMA expression in isolated infarct myofibroblasts. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its role in restraining inflammation following reperfused infarction, IRAK-M may also contribute to myofibroblast conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saxena
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Zaffar Haque
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yi-Jin Wu
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Division of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hsu ACY, Starkey MR, Hanish I, Parsons K, Haw TJ, Howland LJ, Barr I, Mahony JB, Foster PS, Knight DA, Wark PA, Hansbro PM. Targeting PI3K-p110α Suppresses Influenza Virus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1012-23. [PMID: 25751541 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0188oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and influenza virus infections are major global health issues. Patients with COPD are more susceptible to infection, which exacerbates their condition and increases morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of increased susceptibility remain poorly understood, and current preventions and treatments have substantial limitations. OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection in COPD and the potential for therapeutic targeting. METHODS We used a combination of primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from COPD and healthy control subjects, a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD, and influenza infection. The role of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was characterized using molecular methods, and its potential for targeting assessed using inhibitors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS COPD pBECs were susceptible to increased viral entry and replication. Infected mice with experimental COPD also had more severe infection (increased viral titer and pulmonary inflammation, and compromised lung function). These processes were associated with impaired antiviral immunity, reduced retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, and IFN/cytokine and chemokine responses. Increased PI3K-p110α levels and activity in COPD pBECs and/or mice were responsible for increased infection and reduced antiviral responses. Global PI3K, specific therapeutic p110α inhibitors, or exogenous IFN-β restored protective antiviral responses, suppressed infection, and improved lung function. CONCLUSIONS The increased susceptibility of individuals with COPD to influenza likely results from impaired antiviral responses, which are mediated by increased PI3K-p110α activity. This pathway may be targeted therapeutically in COPD, or in healthy individuals, during seasonal or pandemic outbreaks to prevent and/or treat influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Deconstructing innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:587-598. [PMID: 26143580 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of immune-related genes is widely reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and chronic immune stimulation increases the risk for developing MDS. Aberrant innate immune activation, such as that caused by increased toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, in MDS can contribute to systemic effects on hematopoiesis, in addition to cell-intrinsic defects on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) function. This review will deconstruct aberrant function of TLR signaling mediators within MDS HSPCs that may contribute to cell-intrinsic consequences on hematopoiesis and disease pathogenesis. We will discuss the contribution of chronic TLR signaling to the pathogenesis of MDS based on evidence from patients and mouse genetic models.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Bhan U, Mo XM, Kunkel SL, Moore BB, Flavell R, Christman JW, Standiford TJ. IRAK-M promotes alternative macrophage activation and fibroproliferation in bleomycin-induced lung injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1894-904. [PMID: 25595781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease characterized by inflammation and the development of excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Currently, there are only limited therapeutic intervenes to offer patients diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. Although previous studies focused on structural cells in promoting fibrosis, our study assessed the contribution of macrophages. Recently, TLR signaling has been identified as a regulator of pulmonary fibrosis. IL-1R-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), a MyD88-dependent inhibitor of TLR signaling, suppresses deleterious inflammation, but may paradoxically promote fibrogenesis. Mice deficient in IRAK-M (IRAK-M(-/-)) were protected against bleomycin-induced fibrosis and displayed diminished collagen deposition in association with reduced production of IL-13 compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that IRAK-M expression by bone marrow-derived cells, rather than structural cells, promoted fibrosis. After bleomycin, WT macrophages displayed an alternatively activated phenotype, whereas IRAK-M(-/-) macrophages displayed higher expression of classically activated macrophage markers. Using an in vitro coculture system, macrophages isolated from in vivo bleomycin-challenged WT, but not IRAK-M(-/-), mice promoted increased collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression from lung fibroblasts in an IL-13-dependent fashion. Finally, IRAK-M expression is upregulated in peripheral blood cells from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and correlated with markers of alternative macrophage activation. These data indicate expression of IRAK-M skews lung macrophages toward an alternatively activated profibrotic phenotype, which promotes collagen production, leading to the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Urvashi Bhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiaokui M Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Richard Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - John W Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation via the upregulation of negative regulator IRAK-M. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6062. [PMID: 25585690 PMCID: PMC4309435 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most commonly used anti-inflammatory agents. Despite the enormous efforts in elucidating the glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory actions, how glucocorticoids tightly control overactive inflammatory response is not fully understood. Here we show that glucocorticoids suppress bacteria-induced inflammation by enhancing IRAK-M, a central negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signalling. The ability of glucocorticoids to suppress pulmonary inflammation induced by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae is significantly attenuated in IRAK-M-deficient mice. Glucocorticoids improve the survival rate after a lethal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae infection in wild-type mice, but not in IRAK-M-deficient mice. Moreover, we show that glucocorticoids and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae synergistically upregulate IRAK-M expression via mutually and synergistically enhancing p65 and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the IRAK-M promoter. Together, our studies unveil a mechanism by which glucocorticoids tightly control the inflammatory response and host defense via the induction of IRAK-M and may lead to further development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
45
|
GASPARINI R, AMICIZIA D, LAI PL, BRAGAZZI NL, PANATTO D. Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza. Part I: Influenza life-cycle and currently available drugs. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2014; 55:69-85. [PMID: 25902573 PMCID: PMC4718311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious respiratory acute viral disease characterized by a short incubation period, high fever and respiratory and systemic symptoms. The burden of influenza is very heavy. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that annual epidemics affect 5-15% of the world's population, causing up to 4-5 million severe cases and from 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In order to design anti-influenza molecules and compounds, it is important to understand the complex replication cycle of the influenza virus. Replication is achieved through various stages. First, the virus must engage the sialic acid receptors present on the free surface of the cells of the respiratory tract. The virus can then enter the cells by different routes (clathrin-mediated endocytosis or CME, caveolae-dependent endocytosis or CDE, clathrin-caveolae-independent endocytosis, or macropinocytosis). CME is the most usual pathway; the virus is internalized into an endosomal compartment, from which it must emerge in order to release its nucleic acid into the cytosol. The ribonucleoprotein must then reach the nucleus in order to begin the process of translation of its genes and to transcribe and replicate its nucleic acid. Subsequently, the RNA segments, surrounded by the nucleoproteins, must migrate to the cell membrane in order to enable viral assembly. Finally, the virus must be freed to invade other cells of the respiratory tract. All this is achieved through a synchronized action of molecules that perform multiple enzymatic and catalytic reactions, currently known only in part, and for which many inhibitory or competitive molecules have been studied. Some of these studies have led to the development of drugs that have been approved, such as Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir, Laninamivir, Ribavirin and Arbidol. This review focuses on the influenza life-cycle and on the currently available drugs, while potential antiviral compounds for the prevention and treatment of influenza are considered in the subsequent review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. GASPARINI
- Department of Health Sciences of Genoa University, Genoa, Italy Inter-University Centre for Research on Influenza and Other Transmitted Diseases (CIRI-IT)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vidaña B, Martínez J, Martínez-Orellana P, García Migura L, Montoya M, Martorell J, Majó N. Heterogeneous pathological outcomes after experimental pH1N1 influenza infection in ferrets correlate with viral replication and host immune responses in the lung. Vet Res 2014; 45:85. [PMID: 25163545 PMCID: PMC4161856 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The swine-origin pandemic (p) H1N1 influenza A virus causes mild upper-respiratory tract disease in most human patients. However, some patients developed severe lower-respiratory tract infections with fatal consequences, and the cause of these infections remain unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that different populations have different degrees of susceptibility to pH1N1 strains due to host genetic variations that are associated with inappropriate immune responses against viral genetic characteristics. Here, we tested whether the pathologic patterns of influenza strains that produce different disease outcomes in humans could be reproduced in a ferret model. Our results revealed that the severities of infection did not correspond to particular viral isolate and were not associated with the clinical phenotypes of the corresponding patients. Severe pathological outcomes were associated with higher viral replication, especially in alveolar areas, and with an exacerbated innate cellular immune response that was characterised by substantial phagocytic and cytotoxic cell migration into the lungs. Moreover, detrimental innate cellular responses were linked to the up-regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the down-regulation of IFNα in the lungs. Additionally, severe lung lesions were associated with greater up-regulations of pro-apoptotic markers and higher levels of apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the clinicopathological outcomes of pH1N1 infection in ferrets were not only due to viral replication abilities but also depended on the hosts’ capacities to mount efficient immune responses to control viral infection of the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vidaña
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Lourdes García Migura
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Natàlia Majó
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lech M, Gröbmayr R, Ryu M, Lorenz G, Hartter I, Mulay SR, Susanti HE, Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA, Anders HJ. Macrophage phenotype controls long-term AKI outcomes--kidney regeneration versus atrophy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:292-304. [PMID: 24309188 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that determine full recovery versus subsequent progressive CKD after AKI are largely unknown. Because macrophages regulate inflammation as well as epithelial recovery, we investigated whether macrophage activation influences AKI outcomes. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) is a macrophage-specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1 receptor signaling that prevents polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. In postischemic kidneys of wild-type mice, IRAK-M expression increased for 3 weeks after AKI and declined thereafter. However, genetic depletion of IRAK-M did not affect immunopathology and renal dysfunction during early postischemic AKI. Regarding long-term outcomes, wild-type kidneys regenerated completely within 5 weeks after AKI. In contrast, IRAK-M(-/-) kidneys progressively lost up to two-thirds of their original mass due to tubule loss, leaving atubular glomeruli and interstitial scarring. Moreover, M1 macrophages accumulated in the renal interstitial compartment, coincident with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Injection of bacterial CpG DNA induced the same effects in wild-type mice, and TNF-α blockade with etanercept partially prevented renal atrophy in IRAK-M(-/-) mice. These results suggest that IRAK-M induction during the healing phase of AKI supports the resolution of M1 macrophage- and TNF-α-dependent renal inflammation, allowing structural regeneration and functional recovery of the injured kidney. Conversely, IRAK-M loss-of-function mutations or transient exposure to bacterial DNA may drive persistent inflammatory mononuclear phagocyte infiltrates, which impair kidney regeneration and promote CKD. Overall, these results support a novel role for IRAK-M in the regulation of wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gabriel C, Her Z, Ng LF. Neutrophils: Neglected Players in Viral Diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:665-75. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gabriel
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Lisa F.P. Ng
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu Q, van Dyk LF, Jiang D, Dakhama A, Li L, White SR, Gross A, Chu HW. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) promotes human rhinovirus infection in lung epithelial cells via the autophagic pathway. Virology 2013; 446:199-206. [PMID: 24074582 PMCID: PMC3804030 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common viral etiology in acute exacerbations of asthma. However, the exact mechanisms underlying HRV infection in allergic airways are poorly understood. IL-13 increases interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase M (IRAK-M) and subsequently inhibits airway innate immunity against bacteria. However, the role of IRAK-M in lung HRV infection remains unclear. Here, we provide the first evidence that IRAK-M over-expression promotes lung epithelial HRV-16 replication and autophagy, but inhibits HRV-16-induced IFN-β and IFN-λ1 expression. Inhibiting autophagy reduces HRV-16 replication. Exogenous IFN-β and IFN-λ1 inhibit autophagy and HRV-16 replication. Our data indicate the enhancing effect of IRAK-M on epithelial HRV-16 infection, which is partly through the autophagic pathway. Impaired anti-viral interferon production may serve as a direct or an indirect (e.g., autophagy) mechanism of enhanced HRV-16 infection by IRAK-M over-expression. Targeting autophagic pathway or administrating anti-viral interferons may prevent or attenuate viral (e.g., HRV-16) infections in allergic airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Linda F. van Dyk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven R. White
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Gross
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
IRAK-M expression limits dendritic cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to Helicobacter pylori. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66914. [PMID: 23776703 PMCID: PMC3679069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects the gastric mucosa and persists for the life of the host. Bacterial persistence may be due to the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) whichmay have protective effects against other diseases such as asthma. It has been shown that H. pylori modulates the T cell response through dendritic cell reprogramming but the molecular pathways involved are relatively unknown. The goal of this study was to identify critical elements of dendritic cell (DC) activation and evaluate potential influence on immune activation. Microarray analysis was used to demonstrate limited gene expression changes in H. pylori stimulated bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) compared to the BMDCs stimulated with E. coli. IRAK-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling, was upregulated and we selectedit for investigation of its role in modulating the DC and T cell responses. IRAK-M−/− and wild type BMDC were compared for their response to H. pylori. Cells lacking IRAK-M produced significantly greater amounts of proinflammatory MIP-2 and reduced amounts of immunomodulatory IL-10 than wild type BMDC. IRAK-M−/− cells also demonstrated increased MHC II expression upon activation. However, IRAK-M−/− BMDCs were comparable to wild type BMDCs in inducing T-helper 17 (TH17) and Treg responses as demonstrated in vitro using BMDC CD4+ T cells co-culture assays,and in vivo though the adoptive transfer of CD4+ FoxP3-GFP T cells into H. pylori infected IRAK-M−/− mice. These results suggest that H. pylori infection leads to the upregulation of anti-inflammatory molecules like IRAK-M and that IRAK-M has a direct impact on innate functions in DCs such as cytokine and costimulation molecule upregulation but may not affect T cell skewing.
Collapse
|