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Lun J, Zhang H, Guo J, Yu M, Fang J. Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045997. [PMID: 37201028 PMCID: PMC10187758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that is characterized by intestinal inflammation. Epithelial damage and loss of intestinal barrier function are believed to be the hallmark pathologies of the disease. In IBD, the resident and infiltrating immune cells consume much oxygen, rendering the inflamed intestinal mucosa hypoxic. In hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is induced to cope with the lack of oxygen and protect intestinal barrier. Protein stability of HIF is tightly controlled by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Stabilization of HIF through inhibition of PHDs is appearing as a new strategy of IBD treatment. Studies have shown that PHD-targeting is beneficial to the treatment of IBD. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of HIF and PHDs in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PHD-HIF pathway for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang,
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Hakovirta H, Jalkanen J, Saimanen E, Kukkonen T, Romsi P, Suominen V, Vikatmaa L, Valtonen M, Karvonen MK, Venermo M. Induction of CD73 prevents death after emergency open aortic surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1839. [PMID: 35115574 PMCID: PMC8813993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality remains high after emergency open surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). The aim of the present study was to assess, if intravenous (IV) Interferon (IFN) beta-1a improve survival after surgery by up-regulating Cluster of differentiation (CD73). This is a multi-center phase II double-blind, 2:1 randomized, parallel group comparison of the efficacy and safety of IV IFN beta-1a vs. placebo for the prevention of death after open surgery for an infra-renal RAAA. All study patients presented a confirmed infra-renal RAAA, survived the primary emergency surgery and were treated with IFN beta-1a (10 μg) or matching placebo for 6 days after surgery. Major exclusion criteria included fatal hemorrhagic shock, chronic renal replacement therapy, diagnosed liver cirrhosis, severe congestive heart failure, advanced malignant disease, primary attempt of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), and per-operative suprarenal clamping over 30 min. Main outcome measure was all-cause mortality at day 30 (D30) from initial emergency aortic reconstruction. The study was pre-maturely stopped due to a reported drug-drug interaction and was left under-powered. Out of 40 randomized patients 38 were included in the outcome analyses (27 IFN beta-1a and 11 placebo). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at baseline except more open-abdomen and intestinal ischemia was present in the IFN beta-1a arm. D30 all-cause mortality was 22.2% (6/27) in the IFN beta-1a arm and 18.2% (2/11) in the placebo arm (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.21-8.19). The most common adverse event relating to the IFN beta-1a was pyrexia (20.7% in the IFN beta-1a arm vs. 9.1% in the placebo arm). Patients with high level of serum CD73 associated with survival (P = 0.001) whereas the use of glucocorticoids and the presence of IFN beta-1a neutralizing antibodies associated with a poor CD73 response and survival. The initial aim of the trial, if postoperative INF beta-1a treatment results on better RAAA survival, could not be demonstrated. Nonetheless the anticipated target mechanism up-regulation of CD73 was associated with 100% survival. According to present results the INF beta-1a induced up-regulation of serum CD73 was blocked with both use of glucocorticoids and serum IFN beta-1a neutralizing antibodies. The study was pre-maturely stopped due to interim analysis after a study concerning the use if IV IFN beta-1a in ARDS suggested that the concomitant use of glucocorticoids and IFN beta-1a block the CD73 induction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03119701. Registered 19/04/2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Hakovirta
- Turku University, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Satasairaala, Pori, Finland. .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Eija Saimanen
- Department of Surgery, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tiia Kukkonen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Pekka Romsi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Velipekka Suominen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Vikatmaa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Valtonen
- Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Maarit Venermo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Lovászi M, Németh ZH, Gause WC, Gummadova J, Pacher P, Haskó G. Inosine monophosphate and inosine differentially regulate endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21935. [PMID: 34591327 PMCID: PMC9812230 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the intracellular precursor for both adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate and thus plays a central role in intracellular purine metabolism. IMP can also serve as an extracellular signaling molecule, and can regulate diverse processes such as taste sensation, neutrophil function, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. How IMP regulates inflammation induced by bacterial products or bacteria is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IMP suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and augmented IL-10 production in endotoxemic mice. IMP exerted its effects through metabolism to inosine, as IMP only suppressed TNF-α following its CD73-mediated degradation to inosine in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Studies with gene targeted mice and pharmacological antagonism indicated that A2A , A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors are not required for the inosine suppression of TNF-α production. The inosine suppression of TNF-α production did not require its metabolism to hypoxanthine through purine nucleoside phosphorylase or its uptake into cells through concentrative nucleoside transporters indicating a role for alternative metabolic/uptake pathways. Inosine augmented IL-β production by macrophages in which inflammasome was activated by lipopolysaccharide and ATP. In contrast to its effects in endotoxemia, IMP failed to affect the inflammatory response to abdominal sepsis and pneumonia. We conclude that extracellular IMP and inosine differentially regulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - William C. Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jennet Gummadova
- Daresbury Proteins Ltd, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Yin J, Ren Y, Yang K, Wang W, Wang T, Xiao W, Yang H. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:46-51. [PMID: 34658125 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, which is mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBDs can result in inflammatory hypoxia by causing intestinal inflammation and vascular damage. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), as a transcription factor, can regulate the cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels and support the development and function of the gut barrier. HIF-αplays its functions through translocating into the nucleus, dimerizing with HIF-1β, and binding to hypoxia-responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of HIF-1α in murine models of IBD. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of HIF-1α in the IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanbei Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunqiu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Nursing Department, Nursing School of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Shanehbandi D, Mokhtarzadeh A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Shahgoli VK, Brunetti O, Rahmani S, Shadbad MA, Baghbanzadeh A, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. Regulation of immune responses through CD39 and CD73 in cancer: Novel checkpoints. Life Sci 2021; 282:119826. [PMID: 34265363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has been implicated in attenuating anti-tumoral immune responses and tumor growth in various cancers. Inhibitory immune checkpoints have been introduced as the primary culprits for developing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a better understanding of the cross-talk between inhibitory immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment can pave the way for introducing novel approaches for treating affected patients. Growing evidence indicates that CD39 and CD73, as novel checkpoints, can transform adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment into an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive one via the purinergic signaling pathway. Indeed, enzymatic processes of CD39 and CD73 have crucial roles in adjusting the extent, intensity, and chemical properties of purinergic signals. This study aims to review the biological function of CD39 and CD73 and shed light on their significance in regulating anti-tumoral immune responses in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Shima Rahmani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy, Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Barresi E, Martini C, Da Settimo F, Greco G, Taliani S, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML. Allosterism vs. Orthosterism: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives on A 2B AR Physio-Pathological Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652121. [PMID: 33841166 PMCID: PMC8024542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of GPCR (G-coupled protein receptor) allosteric modulators has attracted increasing interest in the last decades. The use of allosteric modulators in therapy offers several advantages with respect to orthosteric ones, as they can fine-tune the tissue responses to the endogenous agonist. Since the discovery of the first A1 adenosine receptor (AR) allosteric modulator in 1990, several efforts have been made to develop more potent molecules as well as allosteric modulators for all adenosine receptor subtypes. There are four subtypes of AR: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Positive allosteric modulators of the A1 AR have been proposed for the cure of pain. A3 positive allosteric modulators are thought to be beneficial during inflammatory processes. More recently, A2A and A2B AR allosteric modulators have also been disclosed. The A2B AR displays the lowest affinity for its endogenous ligand adenosine and is mainly activated as a consequence of tissue damage. The A2B AR activation has been found to play a crucial role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in the protection of the heart from ischemic injury, and in the process of bone formation. In this context, allosteric modulators of the A2B AR may represent pharmacological tools useful to develop new therapeutic agents. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the recent findings and future perspectives in the field of orthosteric and allosteric A2B AR ligands. Furthermore, we compare the use of orthosteric ligands with positive and negative allosteric modulators for the management of different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Wang W, Chen NY, Ren D, Davies J, Philip K, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR, Akkanti B, Karmouty-Quintana H, Weng T. Enhancing Extracellular Adenosine Levels Restores Barrier Function in Acute Lung Injury Through Expression of Focal Adhesion Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:636678. [PMID: 33778007 PMCID: PMC7987656 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.636678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical presentation of acute lung injury (ALI) with often fatal lung complication. Adenosine, a nucleoside generated following cellular stress provides protective effects in acute injury. The levels of extracellular adenosine can be depleted by equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). ENT inhibition by pharmaceutical agent dipyridamole promotes extracellular adenosine accumulation and is protective in ARDS. However, the therapeutic potential of dipyridamole in acute lung injury has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor. Accumulation of adenosine is usually required to stimulate the low-affinity Adora2b receptor. In order to investigate the effect of adenosine accumulation and the contribution of epithelial-specific ENT2 or adora2b expression in experimental ALI, dipyridamole, and epithelial specific ENT2 or Adora2b deficient mice were utilized. MLE12 cells were used to probe downstream Adora2b signaling. Adenosine receptors, transporters, and targets were determined in ARDS lungs. Results: ENT2 is mainly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and is negatively regulated by hypoxia following tissue injury. Enhancing adenosine levels with ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole at a time when bleomycin-induced ALI was present, reduced further injury. Mice pretreated with the ADORA2B agonist BAY 60-6583 were protected from bleomycin-induced ALI by reducing vascular leakage (558.6 ± 50.4 vs. 379.9 ± 70.4, p < 0.05), total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers (17.9 ± 1.8 to 13.4 ± 1.4 e4, p < 0.05), and neutrophil infiltration (6.42 ± 0.25 vs. 3.94 ± 0.29, p < 0.05). While mice lacking Adora2b in AECs were no longer protected by dipyridamole. We also identified occludin and focal adhesion kinase as downstream targets of ADORA2B, thus providing a novel mechanism for adenosine-mediated barrier protection. Similarly, we also observed similar enhanced ADORA2B (3.33 ± 0.67 to 16.12 ± 5.89, p < 0.05) and decreased occludin (81.2 ± 0.3 to 13.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) levels in human Acute respiratory distress syndrome lungs. Conclusion: We have highlighted a role of dipyridamole and adenosine signaling in preventing or treating ALI and identified Ent2 and Adora2b as key mediators in important for the resolution of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning-yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dewei Ren
- Houston Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bindu Akkanti
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
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dos Anjos F, Simões JLB, Assmann CE, Carvalho FB, Bagatini MD. Potential Therapeutic Role of Purinergic Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by SARS-CoV-2. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8632048. [PMID: 33299899 PMCID: PMC7709498 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8632048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders and has become a worldwide emergency. Myocardial injury can be caused by direct or indirect damage, particularly mediated by a cytokine storm, a disordered immune response that can cause myocarditis, abnormal coagulation, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and myocardial infarction. The present review focuses on the mechanisms of this viral infection, cardiac biomarkers, consequences, and the possible therapeutic role of purinergic and adenosinergic signalling systems. In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses. We suggest that receptors of purinergic signalling could be ideal candidates for pharmacological targeting to protect against myocardial injury caused by a cytokine storm in COVID-19, in order to reduce systemic inflammatory damage to cells and tissues, preventing the progression of the disease by modulating the immune response and improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda dos Anjos
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Zeng J, Ning Z, Wang Y, Xiong H. Implications of CD39 in immune-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107055. [PMID: 33045579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) mediates pro-inflammatory responses by recruiting and activating inflammatory cells. CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO). CD39 is a rate-limiting enzyme in this cascade, which is regarded as an immunological switch shifting the ATP-mediated pro-inflammatory environment to the ADO- mediated anti-inflammatory status. The CD39 expression can be detected in a wide spectrum of immunocytes, which is under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. It is increasingly suggested that, CD39 participates in some pathophysiological processes, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), sepsis, multiple sclerosis (MS), allergic diseases, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes and cancer. Here, we focus on the current understanding of CD39 in immunity, and comprehensively illustrate the diverse CD39 functions within a variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zeng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong 272000, China.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China.
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Ulker P, Ozkan O, Amoroso M, Aslan M, Bassorgun I, Ubur MC, Ünal K, Ozcan F, Ozkan O. Does ischemic preconditioning increase flap survival by ADORA2B receptor activation? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 75:151-162. [PMID: 31985456 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is defined as raising tolerance to subsequent ischemic stress by exposing tissues to sub-lethal ischemia. Although many candidates have been suggested, recent studies have clearly demonstrated that adenosine-mediated ADORA2B receptor (ADORA2BR) activation is the main mechanism involved in IPC. While the tissue-protective role of this mechanism has been demonstrated in different ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models, its role in flap surgery-derived I/R damage has not to date been investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adenosine and ADORA2BR activation in IPC-mediated tissue protection in an epigastric flap model. METHODS Animals were divided into five main groups, all of which were then divided into two subgroups depending on whether or not they were exposed to IPC before the I/R procedure, which consisted of 6 hours of ischemia and 6 days of reperfusion. No drugs were administered in Group 1 (the control group). Animals in Group 2 were pretreated with CD73-inhibitor before IPC application or the ischemic period. Animals in Group 3 were pretreated with adenosine. Animals in Group 4 were pretreated with an ADORA2BR antagonist, and those in Group 5 with an ADORA2BR agonist. After 6 days of reperfusion, tissue survival was evaluated via histological and macroscopic analysis. RESULTS IPC application significantly enhanced CD73 expressions and adenosine concentrations (p < 0.01). Flap survivals were increased by IPC in Group 1 (p < 0.05). However, CD73 inhibition blocked this increase (Group 2). In Group 3, adenosine improved flap survival even in the absence of IPC (p < 0.01). While an ADORA2BR antagonist attenuated the tissue-protective effect of IPC (p < 0.01), the ADORA2BR agonist improved flap survival by mimicking IPC in groups 4 and 5. CONCLUSION These results provide pharmacological evidence for a contribution of CD73 enzyme-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through ADORA2BR to IPC-mediated tissue protection. They also suggest for the first time that ADORA2BR agonists may be used as a potential preventive therapy against I/R injury in flap surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlenen Ozkan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Can Ubur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kerim Ünal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Omer Ozkan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Iriyama T, Wang W, Parchim NF, Sayama S, Kumasawa K, Nagamatsu T, Song A, Xia Y, Kellems RE. Reciprocal upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and persistently enhanced placental adenosine signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. FASEB J 2020; 34:4041-4054. [PMID: 31930569 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902583r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that elevated placental adenosine signaling contributes to preeclampsia (PE). However, the molecular basis for the chronically enhanced placental adenosine signaling in PE remains unclear. Here, we report that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is crucial for the enhancement of placental adenosine signaling. Utilizing a pharmacologic approach to reduce placental adenosine levels, we found that enhanced adenosine underlies increased placental HIF-1α in an angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1 -AA)-induced mouse model of PE. Knockdown of placental HIF-1α in vivo suppressed the accumulation of adenosine and increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in the placentas of PE mouse models induced by AT1 -AA or LIGHT, a TNF superfamily cytokine (TNFSF14). Human in vitro studies using placental villous explants demonstrated that increased HIF-1α resulting from ADORA2B activation facilitates the induction of CD73, ADORA2B, and FLT-1 expression. Overall, we demonstrated that (a) elevated placental HIF-1α by AT1 -AA or LIGHT upregulates CD73 and ADORA2B expression and (b) enhanced adenosine signaling through upregulated ADORA2B induces placental HIF-1α expression, which creates a positive feedback loop that promotes FLT-1 expression leading to disease development. Our results suggest that adenosine-based therapy targeting the malicious cycle of placental adenosine signaling may elicit therapeutic effects on PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Nicholas F Parchim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Seisuke Sayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anren Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Harnoss JM, Gebhardt JM, Radhakrishnan P, Leowardi C, Burmeister J, Halligan DN, Yuan S, Kennel KB, Strowitzki MJ, Schaible A, Lasitschka F, Taylor CT, Schneider M. Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibition Mitigates Pouchitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:192-205. [PMID: 31618435 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pouchitis is the most common long-term complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which can eventually progress to pouch failure, necessitating permanent stoma construction. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) are molecular oxygen sensors that control adaptive gene expression through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Emerging evidence supports PHDs as being therapeutic targets in intestinal inflammation. However, pharmacological inhibition of PHDs has not been validated as a treatment strategy in pouchitis. METHODS PHD1-3 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in mucosal pouch and prepouch ileal patient biopsies. After establishment of a preclinical IPAA model in rats, the impact of the pan-PHD small-molecule inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced pouchitis was studied. Clinical and molecular parameters were investigated. RESULTS PHD1, but not PHD2 or PHD3, was overexpressed in pouchitis in biopsies of patients with IPAA for UC but not FAP. In addition, PHD1 expression correlated with disease activity. DMOG treatment profoundly mitigated DSS-induced pouchitis in a rodent IPAA model. Mechanistically, DMOG restored intestinal epithelial barrier function by induction of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1 and claudin-1 and alleviation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, thus attenuating pouch inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results establish a strong therapeutic rationale for targeting PHD1 with small-molecule inhibitors in pouchitis after IPAA for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Harnoss
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasper M Gebhardt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Leowardi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julius Burmeister
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doug N Halligan
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland and the Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kilian B Kennel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz J Strowitzki
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland and the Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anja Schaible
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland and the Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. The CD73/Ado System-A New Player in RT Induced Adverse Late Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101578. [PMID: 31623231 PMCID: PMC6827091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a central component of standard treatment for many cancer patients. RT alone or in multimodal treatment strategies has a documented contribution to enhanced local control and overall survival of cancer patients, and cancer cure. Clinical RT aims at maximizing tumor control, while minimizing the risk for RT-induced adverse late effects. However, acute and late toxicities of IR in normal tissues are still important biological barriers to successful RT: While curative RT may not be tolerable, sub-optimal tolerable RT doses will lead to fatal outcomes by local recurrence or metastatic disease, even when accepting adverse normal tissue effects that decrease the quality of life of irradiated cancer patients. Technical improvements in treatment planning and the increasing use of particle therapy have allowed for a more accurate delivery of IR to the tumor volume and have thereby helped to improve the safety profile of RT for many solid tumors. With these technical and physical strategies reaching their natural limits, current research for improving the therapeutic gain of RT focuses on innovative biological concepts that either selectively limit the adverse effects of RT in normal tissues without protecting the tumor or specifically increase the radiosensitivity of the tumor tissue without enhancing the risk of normal tissue complications. The biology-based optimization of RT requires the identification of biological factors that are linked to differential radiosensitivity of normal or tumor tissues, and are amenable to therapeutic targeting. Extracellular adenosine is an endogenous mediator critical to the maintenance of homeostasis in various tissues. Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5′ ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine. Recent work revealed a role of the immunoregulatory CD73/adenosine system in radiation-induced fibrotic disease in normal tissues suggesting a potential use as novel therapeutic target for normal tissue protection. The present review summarizes relevant findings on the pathologic roles of CD73 and adenosine in radiation-induced fibrosis in different organs (lung, skin, gut, and kidney) that have been obtained in preclinical models and proposes a refined model of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity including the disease-promoting effects of radiation-induced activation of CD73/adenosine signaling in the irradiated tissue environment. However, expression and activity of the CD73/adenosine system in the tumor environment has also been linked to increased tumor growth and tumor immune escape, at least in preclinical models. Therefore, we will discuss the use of pharmacologic inhibition of CD73/adenosine-signaling as a promising strategy for improving the therapeutic gain of RT by targeting both, malignant tumor growth and adverse late effects of RT with a focus on fibrotic disease. The consideration of the therapeutic window is particularly important in view of the increasing use of RT in combination with various molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy to enhance the tumor radiation response, as such combinations may result in increased or novel toxicities, as well as the increasing number of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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14
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Chen S, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Matei DE, Zhang Y, Zhang B. CD73: an emerging checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:983-997. [PMID: 31223045 PMCID: PMC6609898 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a novel immune checkpoint associated with adenosine metabolism that promotes tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immune response and promoting angiogenesis. The inhibition of CD73, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeted therapy or conventional therapy, improves antitumor effects in numerous preclinical mouse models of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of anti-CD73 and immune checkpoint blockade has promising clinical activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the specific role of CD73 on both tumor cells and nontumor cells in regulating tumor immunity and tumorigenesis and provide an update on the current view of the antitumor activity of targeting CD73 by mAb or small molecule selective inhibitors in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniela E Matei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. Targeting the Immunomodulatory CD73/Adenosine System to Improve the Therapeutic Gain of Radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:698. [PMID: 31024543 PMCID: PMC6460721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a potent endogenous immunosuppressive mediator critical to the maintenance of homeostasis in various normal tissues including the lung. Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5′ ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine. An acute CD73-dependent increase of adenosine in normal tissues mostly exerts tissue protective functions whereas chronically increased adenosine-levels in tissues exposed to DNA damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy promote pathologic remodeling processes and fibrosis for example in the skin and the lung. Importantly, cancer cells also express CD73 and high CD73 expression in the tumor tissue has been linked to poor overall survival and recurrence free survival in patients suffering from breast and ovarian cancer. CD73 and adenosine support growth-promoting neovascularization, metastasis, and survival in cancer cells. In addition, adenosine can promote tumor intrinsic or therapy-induced immune escape by various mechanisms that dampen the immune system. Consequently, modulating CD73 or cancer-derived adenosine in the tumor microenvironment emerges as an attractive novel therapeutic strategy to limit tumor progression, improve antitumor immune responses, avoid therapy-induced immune deviation, and potentially limit normal tissue toxicity. However, the role of CD73/adenosine signaling in the tumor and normal tissue responses to radiotherapy and its use as therapeutic target to improve the outcome of radiotherapy approaches is less understood. The present review will highlight the dual role of CD73 and adenosine in tumor and tissue responses to radiotherapy with a special focus to the lung. It will also discuss the potential benefits and risks of pharmacologic modulation of the CD73/adenosine system to increase the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy or combined radioimmunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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16
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30983976 PMCID: PMC6447611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body’s response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Ji AL, Li T, Zu G, Feng DC, Li Y, Wang GZ, Yao JH, Tian XF. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 enhances intestinal cell proliferation and tissue regeneration after intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:824-836. [PMID: 30809082 PMCID: PMC6385013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i7.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious but common pathophysiological process of many diseases, resulting in a high mortality rate in clinical practice. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) acts as regulator of cell cycle progression, proliferation, and tumor invasion. Depleted USP22 expression has been reported to contribute to arrested cell cycle and disrupted generation of differentiated cell types in crypts and villi. However, the role of USP22 in intestinal damage recovery has not been investigated. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanism of USP22 in intestinal I/R injury may help to improve the tissue repair and patient prognosis in clinical practice.
AIM To investigate the role of USP22 in intestinal cell proliferation and regeneration after intestinal I/R injury.
METHODS An animal model of intestinal I/R injury was generated in male Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by reperfusion. Chiu’s scoring system was used to grade the damage to the intestinal mucosa. An in vitro model was developed by incubating rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions in order to simulate I/R in vivo. siRNA and overexpression plasmid were used to regulate the expression of USP22. USP22, Cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression levels were measured by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. Cell survival (viability) and cell cycle were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively.
RESULTS USP22 expression was positively correlated with the expression levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1 both in vivo and in vitro, which confirmed that USP22 was involved in cell proliferation and intestinal regeneration after intestinal I/R injury. Decreased levels of Cyclin D1 and cell cycle arrest were observed in the USP22 knockdown group (P < 0.05), while opposite results were observed in the USP22 overexpression group (P < 0.05). In addition, increased expression of USP22 was related to improved intestinal pathology or IEC-6 cell viability after I/R or hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results suggested that USP22 may exert a protective effect on intestinal I/R injury by regulating cell proliferation and facilitating tissue regeneration.
CONCLUSION USP22 is correlated with promoting intestinal cell proliferation and accelerating intestinal tissue regeneration after intestinal I/R injury and may serve as a potential target for therapeutic development for tissue repair during intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Long Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji-Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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18
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Abstract
Redox signalling in the gastrointestinal mucosa is held in an intricate balance. Potent microbicidal mechanisms can be used by infiltrating immune cells, such as neutrophils, to protect compromised mucosae from microbial infection through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Unchecked, collateral damage to the surrounding tissue from neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species can be detrimental; thus, maintenance and restitution of a breached intestinal mucosal barrier are paramount to host survival. Redox reactions and redox signalling have been studied for decades with a primary focus on contributions to disease processes. Within the past decade, an upsurge of exciting findings have implicated subtoxic levels of oxidative stress in processes such as maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the control of protective inflammation and even regulation of tissue wound healing. Resident gut microbial communities have been shown to trigger redox signalling within the mucosa, which expresses similar but distinct enzymes to phagocytes. At the fulcrum of this delicate balance is the colonic mucosal epithelium, and emerging evidence suggests that precise control of redox signalling by these barrier-forming cells may dictate the outcome of an inflammatory event. This Review will address both the spectrum and intensity of redox activity pertaining to host-immune and host-microbiota crosstalk during homeostasis and disease processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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19
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30983976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body's response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Zhang W, Zhou S, Liu G, Kong F, Chen S, Yan H. Multiple steps determine CD73 shedding from RPE: lipid raft localization, ARA1 interaction, and MMP-9 up-regulation. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:443-457. [PMID: 30392016 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) expresses high levels of CD73 in their membrane, converting AMP to immune suppressive adenosine, mediates an anti-inflammatory effect. However, after being exposed to inflammatory factors, RPE rapidly becomes CD73-negative cells, which render RPE's immune suppressive function and accelerate local inflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanism leading to the loss of membrane CD73 in RPE. We found the controversy that when membrane CD73 was significantly diminished in inflammatory RPE, Cd73 mRNA levels were not changed at all. It was further verified that, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mediated the shedding of CD73 from the cell membrane of inflammatory RPE by catalyzing its K547/F548 site. However, MMP-9 could not catalyze uncomplexed CD73, the interaction of CD73 with adenosine receptor A1 subtype (ARA1) is necessary for being catalyzed by MMP-9. After being treated by LPS and TNF-α, the formation of CD73/ARA1 complex in RPE was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and FRET-based assays. It was also revealed that CD73 need to be localized in lipid rafts to be capable of interacting with ARA1, since CD73/ARA1 interaction and CD73 shedding were completely blocked by the addition of lipid raft synthesis inhibitor. As a conclusion, multiple steps are involved in CD73 shedding in RPE, including up-regulation of MMP-9 activity, localization of CD73 in lipid rafts, and the formation of CD73/ARA1 complex. Lipid rafts committed CD73 with high mobility, shuttled CD73 to ARA1 to form a complex, which was capable of being recognized and catalyzed by MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Strabismus, Tianjin Eye Disease Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Clinical laboratory, The 2nd hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin first central hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Fanqiang Kong
- General hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Song Chen
- General hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- General hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
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21
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Haskó G, Antonioli L, Cronstein BN. Adenosine metabolism, immunity and joint health. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:307-313. [PMID: 29427624 PMCID: PMC5899962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine is a present in most body fluids where it regulates a wide variety of physiologic and pharmacologic processes. Adenosine mediates its effects through activating 4 G protein-coupled receptors expressed on the cell membrane: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. The adenosine receptors are widely distributed in the body, and tissues with high expression include immune tissues, cartilage, bone, heart, and brain. Here we review the source and metabolism of adenosine and the role of adenosine in regulating immunity and cartilage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Hirai K, Furusho H, Hirota K, Sasaki H. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 attenuates periapical inflammation and bone loss. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29654284 PMCID: PMC5966812 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen level) is an important feature during infections and affects the host defence mechanisms. The host has evolved specific responses to address hypoxia, which are strongly dependent on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Hypoxia interferes degradation of HIF-1 alpha subunit (HIF-1α), leading to stabilisation of HIF-1α, heterodimerization with HIF-1 beta subunit (HIF-1β) and subsequent activation of HIF-1 pathway. Apical periodontitis (periapical lesion) is a consequence of endodontic infection and ultimately results in destruction of tooth-supporting tissue, including alveolar bone. Thus far, the role of HIF-1 in periapical lesions has not been systematically examined. In the present study, we determined the role of HIF-1 in a well-characterised mouse periapical lesion model using two HIF-1α-activating strategies, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and adenovirus-induced constitutively active HIF-1α (CA-HIF1A). Both DMOG and CA-HIF1A attenuated periapical inflammation and tissue destruction. The attenuation in vivo was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) and osteoclastic gene expressions. These two agents also suppressed NF-κB activation and subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Furthermore, activation of HIF-1α by DMOG specifically suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage differentiation into M1 cells, increasing the ratio of M2 macrophages against M1 cells. Taken together, our data indicated that activation of HIF-1 plays a protective role in the development of apical periodontitis via downregulation of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, M1 macrophages and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimito Hirai
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Kaplan JM, Sharma N, Dikdan S. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Its Role in the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020389. [PMID: 29382128 PMCID: PMC5855611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a crucial role in the response to hypoxia at the cellular, tissue, and organism level. New agents under development to pharmacologically manipulate HIF may provide new and exciting possibilities in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in multiple other disease states involving ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article provides an overview of recent studies describing current standards of care for patients with anemia in CKD and associated clinical issues, and those supporting the clinical potential for targeting HIF stabilization with HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI) in these patients. Additionally, articles reporting the clinical potential for HIF-PHIs in 'other' putative therapeutic areas, the tissue and intracellular distribution of HIF- and prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD) isoforms, and HIF isoforms targeted by the different PHDs, were identified. There is increasing uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment for anemia of CKD with poorer outcomes associated with treatment to higher hemoglobin targets, and the increasing use of iron and consequent risk of iron imbalance. Attainment and maintenance of more physiologic erythropoietin levels associated with HIF stabilization may improve the management of patients resistant to treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and improve outcomes at higher hemoglobin targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kaplan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital, 185 South Orange Avenue, I512, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital, 185 South Orange Avenue, I512, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Sean Dikdan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital, 185 South Orange Avenue, I512, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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24
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Tojo K, Tamada N, Nagamine Y, Yazawa T, Ota S, Goto T. Enhancement of glycolysis by inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases protects alveolar epithelial cells from acute lung injury. FASEB J 2018; 32:2258-2268. [PMID: 32172532 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700888r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular bioenergetic failure caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is a key process of alveolar epithelial injury during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) act as cellular oxygen sensors, and their inhibition activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), resulting in enhanced cellular glycolytic activity, which could compensate for impaired mitochondrial function and protect alveolar epithelial cells from ARDS. Here, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological PHD inhibition with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on alveolar epithelial cell injury using in vitro and in vivo ARDS models. We established an in vitro model of alveolar epithelial injury mimicking ARDS by adding isolated neutrophils and LPS to cultured MLE12 alveolar epithelial cells. DMOG treatment protected MLE12 cells from neutrophil-LPS-induced ATP decline and cell death. Knockdown of HIF-1α or inhibition of glycolysis abolished the protective effect of DMOG, suggesting that it was exerted by HIF-1-dependent enhancement of glycolysis. Additionally, intratracheal DMOG administration to mice protected the alveolar epithelial barrier and improved arterial oxygenation, preventing ATP decline during LPS-induced lung injury. In summary, enhancement of glycolysis by PHD inhibition is a potential therapeutic approach for ARDS, protecting alveolar epithelial cells from bioenergetic failure and cell death.- Tojo, K., Tamada, N., Nagamine, Y., Yazawa, T., Ota, S., Goto, T. Enhancement of glycolysis by inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases protects alveolar epithelial cells from acute lung injury. FASEB J. 32, 2258-2268 (2018). www.fasebj.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tojo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Tamada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nagamine
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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25
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Yuan X, Lee JW, Bowser JL, Neudecker V, Sridhar S, Eltzschig HK. Targeting Hypoxia Signaling for Perioperative Organ Injury. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:308-321. [PMID: 28759485 PMCID: PMC5735013 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative organ injury has a significant impact on surgical outcomes and presents a leading cause of death in the United States. Recent research has pointed out an important role of hypoxia signaling in the protection from organ injury, including for example myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney, or gut injury. Hypoxia induces the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), thereby leading to the induction of HIF target genes, which facilitates adaptive responses to low oxygen. In this review, we focus on current therapeutic strategies targeting hypoxia signaling in various organ injury models and emphasize potential clinical approaches to integrate these findings into the care of surgical patients. Conceptually, there are 2 options to target the HIF pathway for organ protection. First, drugs became recently available that promote the stabilization of HIFs, most prominently via inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase. These compounds are currently trialed in patients, for example, for anemia treatment or prevention of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Second, HIF target genes (such as adenosine receptors) could be activated directly. We hope that some of these approaches may lead to novel pharmacologic strategies to prevent or treat organ injury in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viola Neudecker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Srikanth Sridhar
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Xiao Q, Zeng C, Lai CH, Fan X, Ye Q, Wang Y, Xiong Y. Donor Treatment With a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Agonist Prevents Donation After Cardiac Death Liver Graft Injury in a Rat Isolated Perfusion Model. Artif Organs 2017; 42:280-289. [PMID: 29266279 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury has been well proved. However its role in liver donation and preservation from donation after cardiac death (DCD) is still unknown. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that pharmaceutical stabilization of HIF-1 in DCD donors would result in a better graft liver condition. Male SD rats (6 animals per group) were randomly given the synthetic prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor FG-4592 (Selleck, 6 mg/kg of body weight) or its vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide). Six hours later, cardiac arrest was induced by bilateral pneumothorax. Rat livers were retrieved 30 min after cardiac arrest, and subsequently cold stored in University of Wisconsin solution for 24 h. They were reperfused for 60 min with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer in an isolated perfused liver model, after which the perfusate and liver tissues were investigated. Pretreatment with FG-4592 in DCD donors significantly improved graft function with increased bile production and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, decreased perfusate liver enzyme release, histology injury scores and oxidative stress-induced cell injury and apoptosis after reperfusion with the isolated perfused liver model. The beneficial effects of FG-4592 is attributed in part to the accumulation of HIF-1 and ultimately increased PDK1 production. Pretreatment with FG-4592 in DCD donors resulted in activation of the HIF-1 pathway and subsequently protected liver grafts from warm ischemia and cold-stored injury. These data suggest that the pharmacological HIF-1 induction may provide a clinically applicable therapeutic intervention to prevent injury to DCD allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Qi Xiao
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Chin-Hui Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Qifa Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
| | - Yan Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Hubei
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27
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Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Regulation of immunity and inflammation by hypoxia in immunological niches. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:774-785. [PMID: 28972206 PMCID: PMC5799081 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunological niches are focal sites of immune activity that can have varying microenvironmental features. Hypoxia is a feature of physiological and pathological immunological niches. The impact of hypoxia on immunity and inflammation can vary depending on the microenvironment and immune processes occurring in a given niche. In physiological immunological niches, such as the bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, placenta and intestinal mucosa, physiological hypoxia controls innate and adaptive immunity by modulating immune cell proliferation, development and effector function, largely via transcriptional changes driven by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). By contrast, in pathological immunological niches, such as tumours and chronically inflamed, infected or ischaemic tissues, pathological hypoxia can drive tissue dysfunction and disease development through immune cell dysregulation. Here, we differentiate between the effects of physiological and pathological hypoxia on immune cells and the consequences for immunity and inflammation in different immunological niches. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of targeting hypoxia-sensitive pathways in immune cells for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045 Colorado, USA
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28
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Fausther M, Lavoie EG, Goree JR, Dranoff JA. An Elf2-like transcription factor acts as repressor of the mouse ecto-5'-nucleotidase gene expression in hepatic myofibroblasts. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:417-428. [PMID: 28667437 PMCID: PMC5714833 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis represents a pathological wound healing and tissue repair process triggered in response to chronic liver injury. A heterogeneous population of activated non-parenchymal liver cells, known as liver myofibroblasts, functions as the effector cells in hepatic fibrosis. Upon activation, liver myofibroblasts become fibrogenic, acquiring contractile properties and increasing collagen production capacity, while developing enhanced sensitivity to endogenous molecules and factors released in the local microenvironment. Hepatic extracellular adenosine is a bioactive small molecule, increasingly recognized as an important regulator of liver myofibroblast functions, and an important mediator in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis overall. Remarkably, ecto-5'-nucleotidase/Nt5e/Cd73 enzyme, which accounts for the dominant adenosine-generating activity in the extracellular medium, is expressed by activated liver myofibroblasts. However, the molecular signals regulating Nt5e gene expression in liver myofibroblasts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that activated mouse liver myofibroblasts express Nt5e gene products and characterize the putative Nt5e minimal promoter in the mouse species. We describe the existence of an enhancer sequence upstream of the mouse Nt5e minimal promoter and establish that the mouse Nt5e minimal promoter transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by an Elf2-like Ets-related transcription factor in activated mouse liver myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Administration Health System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Elise G Lavoie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Administration Health System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jessica R Goree
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Administration Health System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dranoff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Administration Health System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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29
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Van Welden S, Selfridge AC, Hindryckx P. Intestinal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling as therapeutic targets for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:596-611. [PMID: 28853446 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia occurs when local oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply. In chronic inflammatory conditions such as IBD, the increased oxygen demand by resident and gut-infiltrating immune cells coupled with vascular dysfunction brings about a marked reduction in mucosal oxygen concentrations. To counter the hypoxic challenge and ensure their survival, mucosal cells induce adaptive responses, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and modulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Both pathways are tightly regulated by oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which therefore represent promising therapeutic targets for IBD. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of mucosal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling in the pathogenesis of IBD and elaborate in detail on the role of HIFs, NF-κB and PHDs in different cell types during intestinal inflammation. We also provide an update on the development of PHD inhibitors and discuss their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew C Selfridge
- Robarts Clinical Trials West, 4350 Executive Drive 210, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Arin RM, Gorostidi A, Navarro-Imaz H, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. Adenosine: Direct and Indirect Actions on Gastric Acid Secretion. Front Physiol 2017; 8:737. [PMID: 29018360 PMCID: PMC5614973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Composed by a molecule of adenine and a molecule of ribose, adenosine is a paradigm of recyclable nucleoside with a multiplicity of functions that occupies a privileged position in the metabolic and regulatory contexts. Adenosine is formed continuously in intracellular and extracellular locations of all tissues. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling molecule, able to modulate a vast range of physiologic responses in many cells and organs, including digestive organs. The adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors are P1 purinergic receptors, G protein-coupled proteins implicated in tissue protection. This review is focused on gastric acid secretion, a process centered on the parietal cell of the stomach, which contains large amounts of H+/K+-ATPase, the proton pump responsible for proton extrusion during acid secretion. Gastric acid secretion is regulated by an extensive collection of neural stimuli and endocrine and paracrine agents, which act either directly at membrane receptors of the parietal cell or indirectly through other regulatory cells of the gastric mucosa, as well as mechanic and chemic stimuli. In this review, after briefly introducing these points, we condense the current body of knowledge about the modulating action of adenosine on the pathophysiology of gastric acid secretion and update its significance based on recent findings in gastric mucosa and parietal cells in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Arin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Adriana Gorostidi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Hiart Navarro-Imaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Yuri Rueda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
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31
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Csóka B, Törő G, Vindeirinho J, Varga ZV, Koscsó B, Németh ZH, Kókai E, Antonioli L, Suleiman M, Marchetti P, Cseri K, Deák Á, Virág L, Pacher P, Bai P, Haskó G. A 2A adenosine receptors control pancreatic dysfunction in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2017; 31:4985-4997. [PMID: 28765173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700398r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, a key extracellular signaling mediator, regulates several aspects of metabolism by activating 4 G-protein-coupled receptors, the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). The role of A2AARs in regulating high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced metabolic derangements is unknown. To evaluate the role of A2AARs in regulating glucose and insulin homeostasis in obesity, we fed A2AAR-knockout (KO) and control mice an HFD for 16 wk to initiate HFD-induced metabolic disorder. We found that genetic deletion of A2AARs caused impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed an HFD. This impaired glucose tolerance was caused by a decrease in insulin secretion but not in insulin sensitivity. Islet size and insulin content in pancreata of A2AAR-deficient mice were decreased compared with control mice after consuming an HFD. A2AAR-KO mice had decreased expression of the β-cell-specific markers pdx1, glut2, mafA, and nkx6.1 and increased expression of the dedifferentiation markers sox2 and hes1. Ex vivo islet experiments confirmed the role of A2AARs in protecting against decreased insulin content and release caused by HFD. Other experiments with bone marrow chimeras revealed that inflammation was not the primary cause of decreased insulin secretion in A2AAR-KO mice. Altogether, our data showed that A2AARs control pancreatic dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity.-Csóka, B., Törő, G., Vindeirinho, J., Varga, Z. V., Koscsó, B., Németh, Z. H., Kókai, E., Antonioli, L., Suleiman, M., Marchetti, P., Cseri, K., Deák, Á., Virág, L., Pacher, P., Bai, P., Haskó, G. A2A adenosine receptors control pancreatic dysfunction in high-fat-diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; .,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gábor Törő
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joana Vindeirinho
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Surgery, Morristown Memorial Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Endre Kókai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Karolina Cseri
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Deák
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research of the Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; and
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Pacher
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; .,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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32
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pathological overproduction: the bad side of adenosine. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1945-1960. [PMID: 28252203 PMCID: PMC6398520 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous ubiquitous purine nucleoside, which is increased by hypoxia, ischaemia and tissue damage and mediates a number of physiopathological effects by interacting with four GPCRs, identified as A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 . Physiological and acutely increased adenosine is mostly associated with beneficial effects that include vasodilatation and a decrease in inflammation. In contrast, chronic overproduction of adenosine occurs in important pathological states, where long-lasting increases in the nucleoside levels are responsible for the bad side of adenosine associated with chronic inflammation, fibrosis and organ damage. In this review, we describe and critically discuss the pathological overproduction of adenosine and analyse when, where and how adenosine exerts its detrimental effects throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
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Chisci E, De Giorgi M, Zanfrini E, Testasecca A, Brambilla E, Cinti A, Farina L, Kutryb-Zajac B, Bugarin C, Villa C, Grassilli E, Combi R, Gaipa G, Cerrito MG, Rivolta I, Smolenski RT, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R. Simultaneous overexpression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 protects porcine endothelial cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:320-333. [PMID: 28389406 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and oxidative stress still limit the survival of cells and organs in xenotransplantation models. Ectonucleotidases play an important role in inflammation and IRI in transplantation settings. We tested the potential protective effects derived by the co-expression of the two main vascular ectonucleotidases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5NT) and ecto nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), in an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. We produced a dicistronic plasmid (named pCX-DI-2A) for the co-expression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 by using the F2A technology. pCX-DI-2A-transfected porcine endothelial cells simultaneously overexpressed hE5NT and hENTPD1, which were correctly processed and localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 as shown by the efficient catabolism of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic extracellular adenine nucleotides along with the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine. Interestingly, we found that the hE5NT/hENTPD1 co-expression system conferred protection to cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed reduced activation of caspase 3/7 and cytotoxicity than mock-, hE5NT- and hENTPD1-transfected cells. Furthermore, pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed decreased H2O2-induced production of ROS as compared to the other control cell lines. The cytoprotective phenotype observed in pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells was associated with higher detoxifying activity of catalase as well as increased activation of the survival signaling molecules Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our data add new insights to the protective effects of the combination of hE5NT and hENTPD1 against oxidative stress and constitute a proof of concept for testing this new genetic combination in pig-to-non-human primates xenotransplantation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Zanfrini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Testasecca
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cinti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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Antonioli L, Novitskiy SV, Sachsenmeier KF, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Haskó G. Switching off CD73: a way to boost the activity of conventional and targeted antineoplastic therapies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1686-1696. [PMID: 28676406 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, several preclinical studies have highlighted the value of CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Indeed, the pharmacological blockade of CD73, via monoclonal antibodies or small molecules, has promise in counteracting cancer development, growth and spread. Synergistic combinations of anti-CD73 drugs with conventional cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy) have increased therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the potential synergistic effects of CD73 blockers and conventional antineoplastic therapies in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Peleli M, Carlstrom M. Adenosine signaling in diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular and renal complications. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Salsoso R, Farías M, Gutiérrez J, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Toledo F, Leiva A, Mate A, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine and preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:126-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Purinergic signaling during intestinal inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:915-925. [PMID: 28547076 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a devastating disease that is associated with excessive inflammation in the intestinal tract in genetically susceptible individuals and potentially triggered by microbial dysbiosis. This illness markedly predisposes patients to thrombophilia and chronic debility as well as bowel, lymphatic, and liver cancers. Development of new therapies is needed to re-establish long-term immune tolerance in IBD patients without increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer. Aberrant purinergic signaling pathways have been implicated in disordered thromboregulation and immune dysregulation, as noted in the pathogenesis of IBD and other gastrointestinal/hepatic autoimmune diseases. Expression of CD39 on endothelial or immune cells allows for homeostatic integration of hemostasis and immunity, which are disrupted in IBD. Our focus in this review is on novel aspects of the functions of CD39 and related NTPDases in IBD. Regulated CD39 activity allows for scavenging of extracellular nucleotides, the maintenance of P2-receptor integrity and coordination of adenosinergic signaling responses. CD39 together with CD73, serves as an integral component of the immunosuppressive machinery of dendritic cells, myeloid cells, T and B cells. Genetic inheritance and environental factors closely regulate the levels of expression and phosphohydrolytic activity of CD39, both on immune cells and released microparticles. Purinergic mechanisms associated with T regulatory and supressor T helper type 17 cells modulate disease activity in IBD, as can be modeled in experimental colitis. As a recent example, upregulation of CD39 is dependent upon ligation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), as with natural ligands such as bilirubin and 2-(1' H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Decreased expression of CD39 and/or dysfunctional AHR signaling, however, abrogates the protective effects of immunosuppressive AHR ligands. These factors could also serve as biomarkers of disease activity in IBD. Heightened thrombosis, inflammation, and immune disturbances as seen in IBD appear to be associated with aberrant purinergic signaling. Ongoing development of therapeutic strategies augmenting CD39 ectonucleotidase bioactivity via cytokines or AHR ligands offers promise for management of thrombophilia, disordered inflammation, and aberrant immune reactivity in IBD.
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The Adenosinergic System as a Therapeutic Target in the Vasculature: New Ligands and Challenges. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050752. [PMID: 28481238 PMCID: PMC6154114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an adenine base purine with actions as a modulator of neurotransmission, smooth muscle contraction, and immune response in several systems of the human body, including the cardiovascular system. In the vasculature, four P1-receptors or adenosine receptors—A1, A2A, A2B and A3—have been identified. Adenosine receptors are membrane G-protein receptors that trigger their actions through several signaling pathways and present differential affinity requirements. Adenosine is an endogenous ligand whose extracellular levels can reach concentrations high enough to activate the adenosine receptors. This nucleoside is a product of enzymatic breakdown of extra and intracellular adenine nucleotides and also of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Adenosine availability is also dependent on the activity of nucleoside transporters (NTs). The interplay between NTs and adenosine receptors’ activities are debated and a particular attention is given to the paramount importance of the disruption of this interplay in vascular pathophysiology, namely in hypertension., The integration of important functional aspects of individual adenosine receptor pharmacology (such as in vasoconstriction/vasodilation) and morphological features (within the three vascular layers) in vessels will be discussed, hopefully clarifying the importance of adenosine receptors/NTs for modulating peripheral mesenteric vascular resistance. In recent years, an increase interest in purine physiology/pharmacology has led to the development of new ligands for adenosine receptors. Some of them have been patented as having promising therapeutic activities and some have been chosen to undergo on clinical trials. Increased levels of endogenous adenosine near a specific subtype can lead to its activation, constituting an indirect receptor targeting approach either by inhibition of NT or, alternatively, by increasing the activity of enzymes responsible for ATP breakdown. These findings highlight the putative role of adenosinergic players as attractive therapeutic targets for cardiovascular pathologies, namely hypertension, heart failure or stroke. Nevertheless, several aspects are still to be explored, creating new challenges to be addressed in future studies, particularly the development of strategies able to circumvent the predicted side effects of these therapies.
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HuR Enhances Early Restitution of the Intestinal Epithelium by Increasing Cdc42 Translation. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00574-16. [PMID: 28031329 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00574-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal mucosa exhibits a spectrum of responses after acute injury and repairs itself rapidly to restore the epithelial integrity. The RNA-binding protein HuR regulates the stability and translation of target mRNAs and is involved in many aspects of gut epithelium homeostasis, but its exact role in the regulation of mucosal repair after injury remains unknown. We show here that HuR is essential for early intestinal epithelial restitution by increasing the expression of cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) at the posttranscriptional level. HuR bound to the Cdc42 mRNA via its 3' untranslated region, and this association specifically enhanced Cdc42 translation without an effect on the Cdc42 mRNA level. Intestinal epithelium-specific HuR knockout not only decreased Cdc42 levels in mucosal tissues, but it also inhibited repair of damaged mucosa induced by mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in the small intestine and by dextran sulfate sodium in the colon. Furthermore, Cdc42 silencing prevented HuR-mediated stimulation of cell migration over the wounded area by altering the subcellular distribution of F-actin. These results indicate that HuR promotes early intestinal mucosal repair after injury by increasing Cdc42 translation and demonstrate the importance of HuR deficiency in the pathogenesis of delayed mucosal healing in certain pathological conditions.
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40
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ferrari D, Malavasi F, Antonioli L. A Purinergic Trail for Metastases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:277-290. [PMID: 27989503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides and nucleosides have emerged as important modulators of tumor biology. Recently acquired evidence shows that, when these molecules are released by cancer cells or surrounding tissues, they act as potent prometastatic factors, favoring tumor cell migration and tissue colonization. Therefore, nucleotides and nucleosides should be considered as a new class of prometastatic factors. In this review, we focus on the prometastatic roles of nucleotides and discuss future applications of purinergic signaling modulation in view of antimetastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Transplant Immunology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abbott RK, Silva M, Labuda J, Thayer M, Cain DW, Philbrook P, Sethumadhavan S, Hatfield S, Ohta A, Sitkovsky M. The GS Protein-coupled A2a Adenosine Receptor Controls T Cell Help in the Germinal Center. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1211-1217. [PMID: 27974461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.764043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells have been shown to be critically required for the germinal center (GC) reaction where B cells undergo class switch recombination and clonal selection to generate high affinity neutralizing antibodies. However, detailed knowledge of the physiological cues within the GC microenvironment that regulate T cell help is limited. The cAMP-elevating, Gs protein-coupled A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) is an evolutionarily conserved receptor that limits and redirects cellular immunity. However, the role of A2aR in humoral immunity and B cell differentiation is unknown. We hypothesized that the hypoxic microenvironment within the GC facilitates an extracellular adenosine-rich milieu, which serves to limit TFH frequency and function, and also promotes immunosuppressive T follicular regulatory cells (TFR). In support of this hypothesis, we found that following immunization, mice lacking A2aR (A2aRKO) exhibited a significant expansion of T follicular cells, as well as increases in TFH to TFR ratio, GC T cell frequency, GC B cell frequency, and class switching of GC B cells to IgG1. Transfer of CD4 T cells from A2aRKO or wild type donors into T cell-deficient hosts revealed that these increases were largely T cell-intrinsic. Finally, injection of A2aR agonist, CGS21680, following immunization suppressed T follicular differentiation, GC B cell frequency, and class switching of GC B cells to IgG1. Taken together, these observations point to a previously unappreciated role of GS protein-coupled A2aR in regulating humoral immunity, which may be pharmacologically targeted during vaccination or pathological states in which GC-derived autoantibodies contribute to the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Abbott
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Murillo Silva
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Jasmine Labuda
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Molly Thayer
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Derek W Cain
- the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Phaethon Philbrook
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Shalini Sethumadhavan
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Stephen Hatfield
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Akio Ohta
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Michail Sitkovsky
- From the New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
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Hypoxia inducible factor stabilization improves defective ischemia-induced angiogenesis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 91:616-627. [PMID: 27927598 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk and worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease, including peripheral artery disease. An impaired angiogenic response to ischemia may contribute to poor outcomes of peripheral artery disease in patients with CKD. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are master regulators of angiogenesis and therefore represent a promising target for therapeutic intervention. To test this we induced hind-limb ischemia in rats with CKD caused by 5/6 nephrectomy and administered two different treatments known to stabilize HIF protein in vivo: carbon monoxide and a pharmacological inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylation 2-(1-chloro-4- hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetate (ICA). Expression levels of pro-angiogenic HIF target genes (Vegf, Vegf-r1, Vegf-r2, Ho-1) were measured by qRT-PCR. Capillary density was measured by CD31 immunofluorescence staining and HIF expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Capillary density in ischemic skeletal muscle was significantly lower in CKD animals compared to sham controls. Rats with CKD showed significantly lower expression of HIF and all measured pro-angiogenic HIF target genes, including VEGF. Both HIF stabilizing treatments rescued HIF target gene expression in animals with CKD and led to significantly higher ischemia-induced capillary sprouting compared to untreated controls. ICA was effective regardless of whether it was administered before or after induction of ischemia and led to a HIF expression in skeletal muscle. Thus, impaired ischemia-induced angiogenesis in rats with CKD can be improved by HIF stabilization, even if started after onset of ischemia.
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Tak E, Jung DH, Kim SH, Park GC, Jun DY, Lee J, Jung BH, Kirchner VA, Hwang S, Song GW, Lee SG. Protective role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent CD39 and CD73 in fulminant acute liver failure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 314:72-81. [PMID: 27899277 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe life-threatening disease which usually arises in patients with-irreversible liver illnesses. Although human ectonucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1, E-NTPDase1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, Ecto5'NTase (CD73) are known to protect tissues from ALF, the expression and function of CD39 and CD73 during ALF are currently not fully investigated. We tested whether CD39 and CD73 are upregulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and improve ischemic tolerance to ALF. To test our hypothesis, liver biopsies were obtained and we found that CD39 and CD73 mRNA and proteins from human specimens were dramatically elevated in ALF. We investigated that induction of CD39 and CD73 in ALF-related with wild type mice. In contrast, deletion of cd39 and cd73 mice has severe ALF. In this study, we concluded that CD39 and CD73 are molecular targets for the development of drugs for ALF patients care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Tak
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Jun
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shin Hwang
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Halligan DN, Murphy SJE, Taylor CT. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) couples immunity with metabolism. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:469-477. [PMID: 27717536 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways has recently become appreciated to be key to the regulation of host defence. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor which was initially described as a ubiquitous master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. In this role, HIF regulates genes promoting adaptation to hypoxia including a number which influence the cellular metabolic strategy of a cell. It has more recently been appreciated that the regulation of HIF is not restricted to oxygen-dependent pathways, and is now known to be mediated by a number of additional metabolic and immune cues including metabolites and cytokines respectively. Furthermore, our understanding of the functional role of HIF has expanded to it now being appreciated as a major regulator of host immunity. This places HIF in an ideal position to act as a regulatory hub which links metabolic activity with immunity. In this review we synthesise recent data which identifies HIF as both a target and effector for metabolic and immune processes. Developing our understanding of the role of HIF in this context will uncover new therapeutic targets for inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug N Halligan
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Sigmoid Pharma, Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen J E Murphy
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; IRCAN, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 8, Quai Antoine Premier, Monaco.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic tissue injury contributes to significant morbidity and mortality and is implicated in a range of pathologic conditions, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associated reperfusion phase is responsible for the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, further accentuating inflammation. Adenosine triphosphate molecule has been implicated in various ischemic conditions, including stroke and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION Adenosine triphosphate is a well-defined intracellular energy transfer and is commonly referred to as the body's "energy currency." However, Laboratory studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine triphosphate has the ability to initiate inflammation and is therefore referred to as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Purinergic receptors-dependent signaling, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased Ca influx into cells, and subsequent apoptosis have been shown to form a common underlying extracellular adenosine triphosphate molecular mechanism in ischemic organ injury. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms behind adenosine triphosphate-mediated ischemic tissue injury and evaluate the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in ischemic injury in specific organs, in order to provide a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex process. We also appraise potential future therapeutic strategies to limit damage in various organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs.
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47
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Nurr1 promotes intestinal regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of p21 (Waf1/Cip1). J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:83-95. [PMID: 27553040 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause injuries to remote organs at the end stage. The damage caused by intestinal I/R insult induces changes in the barrier functions of the intestine, and the intrinsic mechanism of regeneration is often insufficient to restore barrier functions, as indicated by the high mortality rate of patients experiencing intestinal I/R injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms of intestinal regeneration after I/R injury. Here, we reported that nuclear receptor-related protein 1 (Nurr1), a nuclear orphan receptor, was induced during intestinal regeneration after I/R. Our findings showed that Nurr1 expression was consistent with the expression of Ki-67 and phosphorylated histone H3 (pH 3) in the intestine after I/R injury. Nurr1 knockdown led to G1-phase arrest mediated by p21 (Waf1/Cip1) activation, but Nurr1 overexpression reduced the proportion of IEC-6 cells in G1 phase as a result of p21 inhibition in a p53-independent manner. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, luciferase assays, and mutational analysis, we demonstrated that Nurr1 directly inhibited the transcription of p21. These results define a novel Nurr1/p21 pathway that is involved in intestinal regeneration after I/R injury. These findings provide novel molecular insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal regeneration after I/R and possibly support the development of new potential therapies for intestinal I/R injury. KEY MESSAGE Nurr1 was induced during intestinal regeneration after I/R injury. Nurr1 promoted proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells after H/R injury. Nurr1 inhibited p21 expression in a p53-independent manner. Nurr1 inhibited p21 gene transcription by binding to p21 promoter directly.
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Wu C, Wang X, Jiang T, Li C, Zhang L, Gao X, Tian F, Li N, Li J. Partial Enteral Nutrition Mitigated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage of Rat Small Intestinal Barrier. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080502. [PMID: 27548209 PMCID: PMC4997415 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This study was designed to investigate a relatively optimum dose of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) which effectively attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction initiated by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: In experiment 1, 60 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and assigned to six groups according to the different proportion of EN administrations: namely total parenteral nutrition (TPN or 0%EN), 10%EN, 20%EN, 40%EN, 60%EN, and total enteral nutrition (TEN or 100%) groups, the deficits of intraluminal calorie were supplemented by PN. In experiment 2, 50 male SD rats were subjected to intestinal IRI and divided into five groups based on the results of experiment 1: TPN, TEN, 20%EN, TPN plus pretreatment with NF-κB antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+PDTC), and TPN plus pretreatment with HIF-1α antagonist 30 min before IRI (TPN+YC-1) groups. Results: In experiment 1, previous IRI combined with subsequent EN shortage disrupted the structure of intestinal epithelial cell and tight junctions (TJs). While 20% dose of EN had an obviously protective effect on these detrimental consequences. In experiment 2, compared with TPN only, 20%EN exerted a significant protection of barrier function of intestinal epithelium. Analogous results were observed when TPN combined with specific NF-κB/HIF-1α inhibitors (PDTC and YC-1). Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α had a similar trend among the groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 20%EN is the minimally effective dosage of EN which promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier function after IRI in a rat model. Furthermore, we discreetly speculate that this benefit is, at least partly, related to NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinying Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Kiers HD, Scheffer GJ, van der Hoeven JG, Eltzschig HK, Pickkers P, Kox M. Immunologic Consequences of Hypoxia during Critical Illness. Anesthesiology 2016; 125:237-49. [PMID: 27183167 PMCID: PMC5119461 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and immunity are highly intertwined at clinical, cellular, and molecular levels. The prevention of tissue hypoxia and modulation of systemic inflammation are cornerstones of daily practice in the intensive care unit. Potentially, immunologic effects of hypoxia may contribute to outcome and represent possible therapeutic targets. Hypoxia and activation of downstream signaling pathways result in enhanced innate immune responses, aimed to augment pathogen clearance. On the other hand, hypoxia also exerts antiinflammatory and tissue-protective effects in lymphocytes and other tissues. Although human data on the net immunologic effects of hypoxia and pharmacologic modulation of downstream pathways are limited, preclinical data support the concept of tailoring the immune response through modulation of the oxygen status or pharmacologic modulation of hypoxia-signaling pathways in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmke D. Kiers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Scheffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fitzpatrick SF, Fábián Z, Schaible B, Lenihan CR, Schwarzl T, Rodriguez J, Zheng X, Li Z, Tambuwala MM, Higgins DG, O'Meara Y, Slattery C, Manresa MC, Fraisl P, Bruning U, Baes M, Carmeliet P, Doherty G, von Kriegsheim A, Cummins EP, Taylor CT. Prolyl hydroxylase-1 regulates hepatocyte apoptosis in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:579-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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