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Eun SY, Do Park G, Cheon YH, Lee MS, Cho HJ, Kim JY. Inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by Gryllus bimaculatus extract: An in vitro study. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30518. [PMID: 38224182 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Excessive bone-resorbing osteoclast activity during bone remodeling is a major feature of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the inhibition of osteoclast formation and bone resorption can be an effective therapeutic target for various bone diseases. Gryllus biomaculatus (GB) has recently been approved as an alternative food source because of its high nutritional value and environmental sustainability. Traditionally, GB has been known to have various pharmacological properties, including antipyretic and blood pressure-lowering activity, and it has recently been reported to have various biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and alcohol-induced liver injury. However, the effect of GB on osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of GB extract (GBE) on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. To determine the effect of GBE on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function, we performed TRAP and F-actin staining, as well as a bone-resorbing assay. The intracellular mechanisms of GBE responsible for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis were revealed by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We investigated the relationship between GBE and expression of osteoclast-specific molecules to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that GBE significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt, p38, JNK, and ERK, as well as Btk-PLCγ2 signaling, in pathways involved in early osteoclastogenesis as well as through the subsequent suppression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and osteoclastogenesis-specific marker genes. Additionally, GBE inhibited the formation of F-actin ring-positive osteoclasts and bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Our findings suggest that GBE is a potential functional food and therapeutic candidate for bone diseases involving osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hae Joong Cho
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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2
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Kim GM, Park DR, Nguyen TTH, Kim J, Kim J, Sohn MH, Lee WK, Lee SY, Shim H. Development of Anti-OSCAR Antibodies for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2844. [PMID: 37893216 PMCID: PMC10604876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes local inflammation and pain, significantly reducing the quality of life and normal social activities of patients. Currently, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) available, and treatment relies on pain relief agents or arthroplasty. To address this significant unmet medical need, we aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies that can block the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Our recent study has revealed the importance of OSCAR in OA pathogenesis as a novel catabolic regulator that induces chondrocyte apoptosis and accelerates articular cartilage destruction. It was also shown that blocking OSCAR with a soluble OSCAR decoy receptor ameliorated OA in animal models. In this study, OSCAR-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were isolated and optimized by phage display. These antibodies bind to and directly neutralize OSCAR, unlike the decoy receptor, which binds to the ubiquitously expressed collagen and may result in reduced efficacy or deleterious off-target effects. The DMOAD potential of the anti-OSCAR antibodies was assessed with in vitro cell-based assays and an in vivo OA model. The results demonstrated that the anti-OSCAR antibodies significantly reduced cartilage destruction and other OA signs, such as subchondral bone plate sclerosis and loss of hyaline cartilage. Hence, blocking OSCAR with a monoclonal antibody could be a promising treatment strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ri Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thu Ha Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiseon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Sohn
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.S.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.S.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (G.M.K.); (D.R.P.); (T.T.H.N.); (J.K.); (J.K.)
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3
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Lee AS, Sung MJ, Son SJ, Han AR, Hong SM, Lee SH. Effect of Menaquinone-4 on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss. J Med Food 2023; 26:128-134. [PMID: 36724309 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Previous studies have shown that higher intake of vitamin K (VK) correlates with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. However, the effect of menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a specific form of VK, still remains obscure. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of MK-4 on osteoclast differentiation by differentiating RAW 264.7 cells into osteoclasts with the help of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), assessed the mRNA expression of osteoclast-specific genes, and studied the effects of MK-4 in vivo in ovariectomized mice, a postmenopausal osteoporosis murine model. MK-4 inhibited osteoclast differentiation, decreased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), and cathepsin K (CTSK), and inhibited bone loss in ovariectomized mice. The findings strongly suggest that MK-4 is a therapeutic alternative for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Sin Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea
| | | | | | - Ah-Ram Han
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Hong
- Marine Industry Research Institute for Eastrim (MIRE), Uljin, Korea
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4
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Royzman D, Andreev D, Stich L, Peckert-Maier K, Wild AB, Zinser E, Mühl-Zürbes P, Jones E, Adam S, Frey S, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Bäuerle T, Nagel L, Schett G, Bozec A, Steinkasserer A. The soluble CD83 protein prevents bone destruction by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts and inducing resolution of inflammation in arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936995. [PMID: 36003376 PMCID: PMC9393726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that soluble CD83 induces the resolution of inflammation in an antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model. Joint swelling and the arthritis-related expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, RANKL, MMP9, and OC-Stamp were strongly reduced, while Foxp3 was induced. In addition, we observed a significant inhibition of TRAP+ osteoclast formation, correlating with the reduced arthritic disease score. In contrast, cell-specific deletion of CD83 in human and murine precursor cells resulted in an enhanced formation of mature osteoclasts. RNA sequencing analyses, comparing sCD83- with mock treated cells, revealed a strong downregulation of osteoclastogenic factors, such as Oc-Stamp, Mmp9 and Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Trap. Concomitantly, transcripts typical for pro-resolving macrophages, e.g., Mrc1/2, Marco, Klf4, and Mertk, were upregulated. Interestingly, members of the metallothionein (MT) family, which have been associated with a reduced arthritic disease severity, were also highly induced by sCD83 in samples derived from RA patients. Finally, we elucidated the sCD83-induced signaling cascade downstream to its binding to the Toll-like receptor 4/(TLR4/MD2) receptor complex using CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockdowns of TLR4/MyD88/TRIF and MTs, revealing that sCD83 acts via the TRIF-signaling cascade. In conclusion, sCD83 represents a promising therapeutic approach to induce the resolution of inflammation and to prevent bone erosion in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Royzman, ; Alexander Steinkasserer,
| | - Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evan Jones
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Royzman, ; Alexander Steinkasserer,
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5
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Wang W, Jeong C, Lee Y, Park C, Oh E, Park KH, Cho Y, Kang E, Lee J, Cho YJ, Park JHY, Son YJ, Lee KW, Kang H. Flavonoid Glycosides from Ulmus macrocarpa Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation via the Downregulation of NFATc1. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4840-4849. [PMID: 35187304 PMCID: PMC8851653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify chemical components with osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity from Ulmus macrocarpa Hance bark. Spectroscopic analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), resulted in the unequivocal elucidation of active compounds such as (2S)-naringenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (2R)-naringenin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (2R,3S)-catechin-7-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (3), (2R,3S)-catechin-7-O-β-d-apiofuranoside (6), (2R,3R)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), and (2S,3S)-taxifolin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (8). Mechanistically, the compounds may exhibit osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity via the downregulation of NFATc1, a master regulator involved in osteoclast formation. This is the first report of their inhibitory activities on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. These findings provide further scientific evidence for the rational application of the genus Ulmus for the amelioration or treatment of osteopenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Wang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National
University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Jeong
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunseok Oh
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youbin Cho
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunmo Kang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - JunI Lee
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced
Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul
National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department
of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Advanced
Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul
National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Laboratory
of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National
University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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6
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Root SH, Aguila HL. Novel population of human monocyte and osteoclast progenitors from pluripotent stem cells and peripheral blood. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4435-4446. [PMID: 34581760 PMCID: PMC8579260 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of monocytic lineage, with the ability to resorb bone. Studies in mouse have identified bone marrow clonal progenitors able to generate mature osteoclast cells (OCs) in vitro and in vivo. These osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) can also generate macrophages and dendritic cells. Interestingly, cells with equivalent potential can be detected in periphery. In humans, cells with OCP activity have been identified in bone marrow and periphery; however, their characterization has not been as extensive. We have developed reproducible methods to derive, from human pluripotent stem cells, a population containing monocyte progenitors able to generate functional OCs. Within this population, we have identified cells with monocyte and osteoclast progenitor activity based on CD11b and CD14 expression. A population double positive for CD11b and CD14 contains cells with expected osteoclastic potential. However, the double negative (DN) population, containing most of the hematopoietic progenitor activity, also presents a very high osteoclastic potential. These progenitor cells can also be differentiated to macrophage and dendritic cells. Further dissection within the DN population identified cells bearing the phenotype CD15-CD115+ as the population with highest monocytic progenitor and osteoclastic potential. When similar methodology was used to identify OCPs from human peripheral blood, we confirmed a published OCP population with the phenotype CD11b+CD14+. In addition, we identified a second population (CD14-CD11bloCD115+) with high monocytic progenitor activity that was also able to form osteoclast like cells, similar to the 2 populations identified from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra H. Root
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Héctor L. Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Fu Z, Sun P, Zhang T, Wang K, Li X, Qian Y. Hinokitiol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107619. [PMID: 33831806 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone-loss disease characterized by abnormally excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Identification of natural medicines that can inhibit osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced signaling is necessary for improved treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, hinokitiol, a tropolone-related compound extracted from the heart wood of several cupressaceous plants, was found to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. Hinokitiol inhibited early activation of the ERK, p38, and JNK-MAPK pathways, thereby suppressing the activity and expression of downstream factors (c-Jun, c-Fos, and NFATC1). Consistent with the above in vitro findings, hinokitiol treatment protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Collectively, our results imply that hinokitiol can potentially serve as an effective agent for treating osteoclast-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qichang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziyuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Kelei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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8
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Liao X, Bu Y, Zhang Y, Xu B, Liang J, Jia Q, Zhang C. OSCAR facilitates malignancy with enhanced metastasis correlating to inhibitory immune microenvironment in multiple cancer types. J Cancer 2021; 12:3769-3780. [PMID: 34093786 PMCID: PMC8176254 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk between tumors and the immune microenvironment play a critical role in the malignant progression. The osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is a regulator of lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, but little is known about the role of OSCAR in multiple cancer types. We comprehensively analyzed OSCAR expression and explored its correlation with prognosis in multiple cancer types using Oncomine, TIMER, Gene GEPIA2 and CCLE. We examined OSCAR expression correlations with lymph node metastasis and pathological stage across tumor samples using UALCAN and GEPIA2. We analyzed the effects of OSCAR on survival using the Kaplan Meier plotter. We explored genes co-expressed with OSCAR using the LinkedOmics database and analyzed associated gene ontologies using Metascape. Further, we examined the correlation between OSCAR expression and immunocyte infiltration, markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and lymphocyte subtypes using TIMER. OSCAR mRNA levels were upregulated in most cancer types compared with adjacent normal tissues. Higher expression of OSCAR correlated with lymph node metastasis or advanced stage subgroups. High expression of OSCAR was related to low tumor purity, with increased levels of M2 macrophage polarization, T cells exhaustion, and mesenchymal phenotype in most cancer types. We also showed that the strength of OSCAR expression influence in malignant progression and inhibitory immune microenvironment is mitigated by the infiltration of natural killer cells. These findings shed light on the pro-carcinogenic role of OSCAR in most cancer types and indicate OSCAR could be targeted in future therapeutics to reverse the inhibitory immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People' hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Binghui Xu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qingan Jia
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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9
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Nedeva IR, Vitale M, Elson A, Hoyland JA, Bella J. Role of OSCAR Signaling in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641162. [PMID: 33912557 PMCID: PMC8072347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of mature bone-resorbing cells through osteoclastogenesis is required for the continuous remodeling and repair of bone tissue. In aging and disease this process may become aberrant, resulting in excessive bone degradation and fragility fractures. Interaction of receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) with its ligand RANKL activates the main signaling pathway for osteoclastogenesis. However, compelling evidence indicates that this pathway may not be sufficient for the production of mature osteoclast cells and that co-stimulatory signals may be required for both the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), a regulator of osteoclast differentiation, provides one such co-stimulatory pathway. This review summarizes our present knowledge of osteoclastogenesis signaling and the role of OSCAR in the normal production of bone-resorbing cells and in bone disease. Understanding the signaling mechanism through this receptor and how it contributes to the production of mature osteoclasts may offer a more specific and targeted approach for pharmacological intervention against pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva R Nedeva
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Vitale
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Bella
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Prevents Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5521562. [PMID: 33859705 PMCID: PMC8024084 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone microarchitecture with an increased risk of fracture. Long-term use of primary treatments, such as bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators, results in various side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative therapeutics derived from natural products. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (CPB) is a dried fruit used to treat diet-induced indigestion, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. However, research into the effects of CPB on osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis is still limited. In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of CPB on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, we investigated the effects of CPB on bone loss in the femoral head in an ovariectomized rat model using microcomputed tomography. In vitro, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining results showed the number of TRAP-positive cells, and TRAP activity significantly decreased following CPB treatment. CPB also significantly decreased pit formation. Furthermore, CPB inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NFATc1, and c-Fos expression. Moreover, CPB treatment inhibited osteoclast-related genes, such as Nfatc1, Ca2, Acp5, mmp9, CtsK, Oscar, and Atp6v0d2. In vivo, bone mineral density and structure model index were improved by administration of CPB. In conclusion, CPB prevented osteoclast differentiation in vitro and prevented bone loss in vivo. Therefore, CPB could be a potential alternative medicine for bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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11
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Brito VGB, Patrocinio MS, Sousa MCL, Barreto AEA, Frasnelli SCT, Lara VS, Santos CF, Oliveira SHP. Mast cells contribute to alveolar bone loss in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with periodontal disease regulating cytokines production. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247372. [PMID: 33661916 PMCID: PMC7932174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses and had been studied in inflammatory bone disorders, however, their role in alveolar bone loss induced by periodontal disease (PD) is not yet fully understood. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effects of MCs depletion in the PD-induced alveolar bone loss in Wistar (W) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs). PD was induced by ligating the lower first molars with silk thread one day after the MCs depletion, by the pre-treatment with compound 48/80 for 4 days. After 15 days of PD induction, the hemi-mandibles were surgically collected for qRT-PCR, histological analyses, immunostaining, and ELISA. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was verified by tail plethysmography to confirm the hypertensive status, and SHR presented SBP >150 mmHg, and previous MC depletion alone or associated with PD did not alter this parameter. SHRs showed a more severe alveolar bone loss compared to W, and MC depletion significantly inhibited this response in both strains, with a more significant response in SHRs. MCs were less abundant in 48/80+PD groups, thus validating the previous MCs depletion in our model. PD increased the number of MC in the gingival tissue of SHR. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL3) was constitutively higher in SHR and increased further after PD, which was also significantly reduced in the MCs-depleted animals. PD led to an increased expression of Opn, Rankl, Rank, Vtn, Itga5, Itgb5, Trap, and Ctsk in the mandible of W and SHRs, which was reversed in MCs-depleted animals. These results suggest that MCs significantly contributes to the PD-induced alveolar bone resorption, especially in the SHR, which is associated with a more severe PD progression compared to Wistar, partly explained by these cells contribution to the inflammatory status and mediator production, stimulating osteoclast-related response markers, which were reduced after MC depletion in our experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Brito VGB, Patrocinio MS, de Sousa MCL, Barreto AEA, Frasnelli SCT, Lara VS, Santos CF, Oliveira SHP. Telmisartan Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss by Decreasing the Expression of Osteoclasts Markers in Hypertensive Rats With Periodontal Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579926. [PMID: 33364953 PMCID: PMC7751694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a prevalent inflammatory disease with the most severe consequence being the loss of the alveolar bone and teeth. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of telmisartan (TELM), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, on the PD-induced alveolar bone loss, in Wistar (W) and Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs). PD was induced by ligating the lower first molars with silk, and 10 mg/kg TELM was concomitantly administered for 15 days. The hemimandibles were subjected to microtomography, ELISA was used for detecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), CXCL3, and CCL2, while qRT-PCR was used for analyzing expression of components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (Agt, Ace, Agt1r, Agt2r, Ace2, and Masr), and bone markers (Runx2, Osx, Catnb, Alp, Col1a1, Opn, Ocn, Bsp, Bmp2, Trap, Rank, Rankl, CtsK, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and osteoclast-associated receptor (Oscar)). The SHR + PD group showed greater alveolar bone loss than the W + PD group, what was significantly inhibited by treatment with TELM, especially in the SHR group. Additionally, TELM reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL3 in the SHR group. The expression of Agt increased in the groups with PD, while Agtr2 reduced, and TELM reduced the expression of Agtr1 and increased the expression of Agtr2, in W and SHRs. PD did not induce major changes in the expression of bone formation markers, except for the expression of Alp, which decreased in the PD groups. The bone resorption markers expression, Mmp9, Ctsk, and Vtn, was higher in the SHR + PD group, compared to the respective control and W + PD group. However, TELM attenuated these changes and increased the expression of Runx2 and Alp. Our study suggested that TELM has a protective effect on the progression of PD, especially in hypertensive animals, as evaluated by the resorption of the lower alveolar bone. This can be partly explained by the modulation in the expression of Angiotensin II receptors (AT1R and AT2R), reduced production of inflammatory mediators, the reduced expression of resorption markers, and the increased expression of the bone formation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Linjardi de Sousa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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13
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Karkache IY, Damodaran JR, Molstad DHH, Bradley EW. Serine/threonine phosphatases in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Gene 2020; 771:145362. [PMID: 33338510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of optimal bone mass is controlled through the concerted functions of several cell types, including bone resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts function to remove calcified tissue during developmental bone modeling, and degrade bone at sites of damage during bone remodeling. Changes to bone homeostasis can arise with alterations in osteoclastogenesis and/or catabolic activity that are not offset by anabolic activity; thus, factors that regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are of interest to further our understanding of basic bone biology, and as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Several key cytokines, including RANKL and M-CSF, as well as co-stimulatory factors elicit kinase signaling cascades that promote osteoclastogenesis. These kinase cascades are offset by the action of protein phosphatases, including members of the serine/threonine phosphatase family. Here we review the functions of serine/threonine phosphatases and their control of osteoclast differentiation and function, while highlighting deficiencies in our understanding of this understudied class of proteins within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Y Karkache
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jeyaram R Damodaran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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14
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Sun P, Yang Q, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhao K, Jia Y, Zhang T, Lu X, Han W, Qian Y. Pristimerin Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption in vitro and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4189-4203. [PMID: 33116407 PMCID: PMC7553770 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone quantity and microstructure, typically owing to increased osteoclastogenesis and/or enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption, resulting in uncontrolled bone loss, which primarily affects postmenopausal women. In consideration of the severe side effects of current drugs for osteoporosis, new safe and effective medications are necessary. Pristimerin (Pri), a quinone methide triterpene extracted from Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae members, exhibits potent antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effect on osteoclasts remains unknown. Materials and Methods We evaluated the anti-osteoclastogenic and anti-resorptive effect of Pri on bone marrow-derived osteoclasts and its underlying mechanism in vitro. In addition, the protective effect of Pri on ovariectomy model was also explored in vivo. Results In vitro, Pri inhibited osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclastic bone resorption in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further, Pri suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related genes and the activation of key proteins. Pri also inhibited the early activation of ERK, JNK MAPK, and AKT signaling pathways in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), ultimately inhibiting the induction and activation of the crucial osteoclast transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T‐cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). In vivo, consistent with our in vitro data, Pri clearly prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Conclusion Our data showed that Pri inhibits the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo, and could be a promising candidate for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangxian Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yu J, Canalis E. Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone 2020; 138:115474. [PMID: 32526405 PMCID: PMC7423683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch 1 through 4 are transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cell differentiation and function; this review addresses the role of Notch signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. In the skeleton, Notch signaling controls osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity either directly acting on osteoclast precursors, or indirectly acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage and cells of the immune system. NOTCH1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis, whereas NOTCH2 enhances osteoclast differentiation and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. NOTCH3 induces the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes and as a result induces osteoclast differentiation. There is limited expression of NOTCH4 in skeletal cells. Selected congenital disorders and skeletal malignancies are associated with dysregulated Notch signaling and enhanced bone resorption. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a critical pathway that controls osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function and regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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16
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Wielińska J, Kolossa K, Świerkot J, Dratwa M, Iwaszko M, Bugaj B, Wysoczańska B, Chaszczewska-Markowska M, Jeka S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL Encoding Genes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Disease Progression and Effectiveness of the Biological Treatment. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:24. [PMID: 32815001 PMCID: PMC7438366 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistency of the results regarding the genetic variability within genes coding for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prompted us to study the RANK and RANKL polymorphisms as potential biomarkers associated with disease predisposition and response to anti-TNF treatment in a group of Polish patients with RA. This study enrolled 318 RA patients and 163 controls. RANK (rs8086340, C > G; rs1805034, C > T) and RANKL (rs7325635, G > A; rs7988338 G > A) alleles were determined by real-time PCR with melting curve analysis and related with clinical parameters. In addition, RANKL serum levels were measured by ELISA. The RANK rs8086340-G allele was overrepresented among patients as compared to controls (OD = 1.777, p = 0.038). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with RANK rs8086340 polymorphism and were higher in the CC-homozygotes at the baseline while lower in the GG-carriers at the 12th week of the treatment. At the latter time point RANKL rs7325635-GG-positive patients also showed significantly lower CRP concentrations. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels before induction of anti-TNF therapy were observed in RANK rs8086340 and RANK rs1805034 CC homozygotes (p = 0.057 and p = 0.035, respectively). The GG homozygosity of both RANKL single nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with the number of swollen joints (rs7988338 and rs7325635, before and at the 12th week of therapy, respectively, p < 0.05 in both cases). These results imply that polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL genes affect RA susceptibility and anti-TNF treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wielińska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolossa
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Świerkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Milena Iwaszko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bugaj
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczańska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jeka
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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17
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Zhong Z, Qian Z, Zhang X, Chen F, Ni S, Kang Z, Zhang F, Li D, Yu B. Tetrandrine Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibiting RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1530. [PMID: 31998129 PMCID: PMC6967024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and strength due to the imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Postmenopausal estrogen withdrawal increases proinflammatory cytokines and increases the serum level of Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)/Osteoprotegerin (OPG), which then leads to the overactivation of osteoclastogenesis. Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis clinically in China. Here, we demonstrate that tetrandrine significantly prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, we found that intraperitoneal injection of tetrandrine (30 mg/kg) every other day markedly reduced bone loss in ovariectomized mice and the serum levels of TRAcp5b, TNF-a, IL-6, CTX-I, and RANKL/OPG were significantly decreased. In vitro, we found that tetrandrine significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells according to the results of osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and actin-ring formation as well as bone resorption assay. Mechanistically, tetrandrine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kB, Ca2+, PI3K/AKT, and MAPKs signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings suggest that tetrandrine suppresses osteoclastogenesis through modulation of multiple pathways and has potential value as a therapeutic agent for PMOP, especially for those suffering from RA and PMOP at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fancheng Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanrong Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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18
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Al Mamun MA, Asim MMH, Sahin MAZ, Al-Bari MAA. Flavonoids compounds from Tridax procumbens inhibit osteoclast differentiation by down-regulating c-Fos activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2542-2551. [PMID: 31919976 PMCID: PMC7028861 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The total flavonoids from Tridax procumbens (TPFs) have been reported significantly to suppress on RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in mouse primary cultured osteoclasts. However, the effects of ethyl ether fraction of Tridax procumbens flavonoids (TPF) on osteoclastogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of TPF on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and explored its molecular mechanism in vitro. Matured osteoclast was counted as the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells, and activity of osteoclast was assessed by performing the pit formation assays. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed for evaluation of the expression of osteoclast differentiation‐related genes. TPF reduced the TRAP‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts, inhibited TRAP and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and decreased the expression of osteoclast differentiating genes, including cathepsin K, metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐9, MMP‐13 and osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR). Furthermore, osteoclast‐dependent actin rings formation and resorption pits were dramatically inhibited by the treatment with TPF. TPF markedly decreased the expression levels of transcription factors such as c‐Fos, nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1). Taken together, our findings indicated that TPF suppressed both osteoclast differentiation and activities. Therefore, TPF might be a promising and emerging drug candidate for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muzammal Haque Asim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ali Zaber Sahin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Kim HN, Baek JK, Park SB, Kim JD, Son HJ, Park GH, Eo HJ, Park JH, Jung HS, Jeong JB. Anti-inflammatory effect of Vaccinium oldhamii stems through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK/ATF2 signaling activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 31684931 PMCID: PMC6827179 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Vaccinium oldhamii (V. oldhamii) has been reported to exert a variety of the pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant activity, anti-cancer activity, and inhibitory activity of α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of V. oldhamii has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of the stem extracts from V. oldhamii, and to elucidate the potential mechanisms in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The determination of NO and PGE2 production was performed using Griess reagent and Prostaglandin E2 ELISA Kit, respectively. The change of mRNA or protein level was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Among VOS, VOL and VOF, the inhibitory effect of NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS was highest in VOS treatment. Thus, VOS was selected for the further study. VOS dose-dependently blocked LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression, respectively. VOS inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, VOS suppressed TRAP activity and attenuated the expression of the osteoclast-specific genes such as NFATc1, c-FOS, TRAP, MMP-9, cathepsin K, CA2, OSCAR and ATPv06d2. VOS inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB signaling activation through blocking IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear accumulation. VOS inhibited MAPK signaling activation by attenuating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. Furthermore, VOS inhibited ATF2 phosphorylation and blocked ATF2 nuclear accumulation. Conclusions These results indicate that VOS may exert anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK/ATF2 signaling. From these findings, VOS has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for the inflammatory diseases.
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Ferreira-Fernandes H, Barros MAL, Souza Filho MD, Medeiros JVR, Vasconcelos DFP, Silva DA, Leódido ACM, Silva FRP, França LFC, Di Lenardo D, Yoshioka FKN, Rey JA, Burbano RR, Pinto GR. Topical application of cashew gum or chlorhexidine gel reduces overexpression of proinflammatory genes in experimental periodontitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:934-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092093. [PMID: 31035384 PMCID: PMC6539137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endocrines, and chemokines are also expressed that may affect the presentation of macrophages in osteoporosis. Macrophages have an effect on bone formation during fracture-associated bone repair. However, activated macrophages may secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce bone loss by osteoclastogenesis, and are associated with the activation of bone resorption. Targeting activated macrophages at an appropriate stage may help inhibit or slow the progression of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
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Zhang Q, Qiao W, Zhou L, Jin H, Zheng KL, Zhao DS, Lu HH. Correlations of soluble osteoclast-associated receptor (sOSCAR) with acute coronary syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:408. [PMID: 30498735 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background An osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is an immunoglobulin receptor expressed in an osteoclast, and takes part in the formation of an osteoclast. While the soluble OSCAR (sOSCAR) component is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, the aim of this present study is to investigate the relationship between sOSCAR and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods This study enrolled 41 patients with ACS and 33 patients without ACS as a control, from March 2017 to June 2017. The baseline clinical parameters and serum levels of sOSCAR were collected in the participants. The univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to explore the independent association of sOSCAR with ACS. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to explore the ability of sOSCAR to indicate ACS. Results The results showed that the levels of sOSCAR in the patients with ACS was lower than the patients without ACS (P=0.005). The multivariate logistic regression tests demonstrated that a decreased sOSCAR level was independently associated with the presence of ACS (OR: 0.174, 95% CI: 0.047-0.638, P=0.008). ROC analysis showed that the optimal sOSCAR cut-off value for the indication of ACS was <110.87 pg/mL, the corresponding sensitivity was 65.85%, and the specificity was 69.70%. Conclusions The decreased levels of sOSCAR are independently associated with the presence of ACS. sOSCAR could then be considered as a potential biomarker for the prediction of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Pukou Hospital, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Nantong Second People's Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kou-Long Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hui-He Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Owen R, Reilly GC. In vitro Models of Bone Remodelling and Associated Disorders. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:134. [PMID: 30364287 PMCID: PMC6193121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of bone remodelling by diseases such as osteoporosis results in an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. Research into these metabolic bone disorders is primarily performed in vivo; however, in the last decade there has been increased interest in generating in vitro models that can reduce or replace our reliance on animal testing. With recent advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering the feasibility of laboratory-based alternatives is growing; however, to date there are no established in vitro models of bone remodelling. In vivo, remodelling is performed by organised packets of osteoblasts and osteoclasts called bone multicellular units (BMUs). The key determinant of whether osteoclasts form and remodelling occurs is the ratio between RANKL, a cytokine which stimulates osteoclastogenesis, and OPG, its inhibitor. This review initially details the different circumstances, conditions, and factors which have been found to modulate the RANKL:OPG ratio, and fundamental factors to be considered if a robust in vitro model is to be developed. Following this, an examination of what has been achieved thus far in replicating remodelling in vitro using three-dimensional co-cultures is performed, before overviewing how such systems are already being utilised in the study of associated diseases, such as metastatic cancer and dental disorders. Finally, a discussion of the most important considerations to be incorporated going forward is presented. This details the need for the use of cells capable of endogenously producing the required cytokines, application of mechanical stimulation, and the presence of appropriate hormones in order to produce a robust model of bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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25
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Walsh MC, Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Updating osteoimmunology: regulation of bone cells by innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:146-156. [PMID: 29323344 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology encompasses all aspects of the cross-regulation of bone and the immune system, including various cell types, signalling pathways, cytokines and chemokines, under both homeostatic and pathogenic conditions. A number of key areas are of increasing interest and relevance to osteoimmunology researchers. Although rheumatoid arthritis has long been recognized as one of the most common autoimmune diseases to affect bone integrity, researchers have focused increased attention on understanding how molecular triggers and innate signalling pathways (such as Toll-like receptors and purinergic signalling pathways) related to pathogenic and/or commensal microbiota are relevant to bone biology and rheumatic diseases. Additionally, although most discussions relating to osteoimmune regulation of homeostasis and disease have focused on the effects of adaptive immune responses on bone, evidence exists of the regulation of immune cells by bone cells, a concept that is consistent with the established role of the bone marrow in the development and homeostasis of the immune system. The active regulation of immune cells by bone cells is an interesting emerging component of investigations that seek to understand how to control immune-associated diseases of the bone and joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Veronesi F, Tschon M, Fini M. Gene Expression in Osteolysis: Review on the Identification of Altered Molecular Pathways in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E499. [PMID: 28245614 PMCID: PMC5372515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) due to osteolysis is the primary cause of joint prosthesis failure. Currently, a second surgery is still the only available treatment for AL, with its associated drawbacks. The present review aims at identifying genes whose expression is altered in osteolysis, and that could be the target of new pharmacological treatments, with the goal of replacing surgery. This review also aims at identifying the molecular pathways altered by different wear particles. We reviewed preclinical and clinical studies from 2010 to 2016, analyzing gene expression of tissues or cells affected by osteolysis. A total of 32 in vitro, 16 in vivo and six clinical studies were included. These studies revealed that genes belonging to both inflammation and osteoclastogenesis pathways are mainly involved in osteolysis. More precisely, an increase in genes encoding for the following factors were observed: Interleukins 6 and 1β (IL16 and β), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1), Cathepsin K (CATK) and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Titanium (Ti) and Polyethylene (PE) were the most studied particles, showing that Ti up-regulated inflammation and osteoclastogenesis related genes, while PE up-regulated primarily osteoclastogenesis related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Osteoimmunology and Beyond. Curr Med Chem 2017; 23:3754-3774. [PMID: 27604089 PMCID: PMC5204071 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160907162546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Objective Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between skeleton and immune system. In the light of recent discoveries in this field, a new reading register of osteoporosis is actually emerging, in which bone and immune cells are strictly interconnected. Osteoporosis could therefore be considered a chronic immune mediated disease which shares with other age related disorders a common inflammatory background. Here, we highlight these recent discoveries and the new landscape that is emerging. Method Extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results While the inflammatory nature of osteoporosis has been clearly recognized, other interesting aspects of osteoimmunology are currently emerging. In addition, mounting evidence indicates that the immunoskeletal interface is involved in the regulation of important body functions beyond bone remodeling. Bone cells take part with cells of the immune system in various immunological functions, configuring a real expanded immune system, and are therefore variously involved not only as target but also as main actors in various pathological conditions affecting primarily the immune system, such as autoimmunity and immune deficiencies, as well as in aging, menopause and other diseases sharing an inflammatory background. Conclusion The review highlights the complexity of interwoven pathways and shared mechanisms of the crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. More interestingly, the interdisciplinary field of osteoimmunology is now expanding beyond bone and immune cells, defining new homeostatic networks in which other organs and systems are functionally interconnected. Therefore, the correct skeletal integrity maintenance may be also relevant to other functions outside its involvement in bone mineral homeostasis, hemopoiesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ginaldi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Jin X, Zhu L, Li X, Jia J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Ma J, Liu Z, Ma X. Low‑molecular weight fucoidan inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and reduces osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:890-898. [PMID: 28000877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a type of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. The present study used ovariectomized Sprague‑Dawley rats, which were treated with fucoidan. The effects of fucoidan on bone metabolism, density and microarchitecture were assessed using micro‑computed tomography (CT), histomorphometric analysis, biochemical markers of bone metabolism (Serum procollagen type I N propeptide and C‑terminal telopeptide‑1) and tests of mechanical competence of the femur. In addition, the effects of low‑molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) on in vitro cultured osteoclasts were examined, in order to determine the mechanisms underlying LMWF‑induced osteoclastic inhibition. In ovariectomized rats, LMWF increased femoral bone density. Micro‑CT scan also revealed that LMWF prevented microarchitectural deterioration and histomorphometric analysis determined that LMWF increased trabecular bone number and reduced the surface of bone resorption. In addition, LMWF reduced the high bone turnover rate, and improved the mechanical properties of the femur in ovariectomized rats. In vitro experiments revealed that LMWF inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor‑induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‑positive osteoclasts, and reduced the bone resorption surface of the osteoclasts. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that LMWF inhibited mRNA expression of TRAP, matrix metallopeptidase‑9, nuclear activator of activated T‑cells 1, and osteoclast‑associated immunoglobulin‑like receptor, which are components of the signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation. LMWF had no effect on RANK mRNA expression. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that LMWF inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and may be a potential treatment for osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Orthopedics Department, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jia
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojie Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Orthopedics Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
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Yeon JT, Kim H, Kim KJ, Lee J, Won DH, Nam SJ, Kim SH, Kang H, Son YJ. Acredinone C and the Effect of Acredinones on Osteoclastogenic and Osteoblastogenic Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1730-1736. [PMID: 27356092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new inhibitor, acredinone C (1), of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation was isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Acremonium sp. (F9A015) along with acredinones A (2) and B (3). The structure of acredinone C (1), which incorporates benzophenone and xanthone moieties, was established by the analyses of combined spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR and MS. All of the acredinones studied efficiently inhibited the RANKL-induced formation of TRAP(+)-MNCs in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity up to 10 μM. Acredinone A showed dual activity in both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vitro and good efficacy in an animal disease model of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Pharmacology Research Center, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114, Korea
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Zhou et al reported the high-resolution structure of the collagen-activated osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) bound to a collagen model peptide. Together with binding studies, the results confirm a novel recognition mechanism for collagen by immunoglobulin-like motifs.
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Yu H. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Regulates Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Osteoclastogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156303. [PMID: 27224249 PMCID: PMC4880337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) couples with the Gi, Gq, and G12/13 group of proteins, which modulate an array of cellular signaling pathways and affect immune responses to multiple stimuli. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of S1PR2 by a specific S1PR2 shRNA lentiviral vector significantly inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α protein levels induced by oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in murine bone marrow-derived monocytes and macrophages (BMMs) compared with controls. In addition, knockdown of S1PR2 by the S1PR2 shRNA lentiviral vector suppressed p-PI3K, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-NF-κBp65 protein expressions induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. Furthermore, bone marrow cells treated with the S1PR2 shRNA lentiviral vector inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL compared with controls. The S1PR2 shRNA suppressed the mRNA levels of six osteoclastogenic factors including nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic calcineurin-dependent 1 (NFATc1), cathepsin K (Ctsk), acid phosphatase 5 (Acp5), osteoclast-associated receptor (Oscar), dendritic cells specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp), and osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (Ocstamp) in bone marrow cells. We conclude that S1PR2 plays an essential role in modulating proinflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis. Blocking S1PR2 signaling might be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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An J, Hao D, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yang H. Natural products for treatment of bone erosive diseases: The effects and mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:118-131. [PMID: 27131574 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption plays a central role on the development of bone erosive diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Osteoclasts, bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from hemopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective therapeutic target to the treatment of pathological bone loss. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against bone-lytic diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities, which are more suitable for long-term use than chemically synthesized medicines. In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from medical plants with potential anti-resorptive effects and their molecular mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclast formation and function. The active ingredients derived from natural plants that are efficacious in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption include flavonoids, terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids), glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols, limonoids, quinones and others (steroid, oxoxishhone, fatty acid). Studies have shown that above natural products exert the inhibitory effects via regulating many factors involved in the process of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, including the essential cytokines (RANKL, M-CSF), transcription factors (NFATc1, c-Fos), signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPKs, Src/PI3K/Akt, the calcium ion signaling), osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, CTSK, MMP-9, integrin β3, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2) and local factors (ROS, LPS, NO). The development of osteoclast-targeting natural products is of great value for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases and for bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
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Koizumi H, Suzuki H, Ikezaki S, Ohbuchi T, Hashida K, Sakai A. Osteoclasts are not activated in middle ear cholesteatoma. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:193-200. [PMID: 25796629 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether osteoclasts are present and activated in cholesteatomas. We explored the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for osteoclast biomarkers and regulating factors in middle ear cholesteatomas to elucidate the level of osteoclast activity in this disease. Bone powder was collected from 14 patients with cholesteatomatous and noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media during tympanomastoidectomy, separately from cortical bone of the mastoid (clean bone powder), from bone neighboring cholesteatoma (cholesteatomatous bone powder), and from bone of the air cells and antrum of noncholesteatomatous chronic otitis media patients (noncholesteatomatous bone powder). The samples collected were soaked in TRIzol reagent, and total RNA was extracted and purified by the acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method, followed by the use of magnetic bead technology. The sample was then subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), calcitonin receptor (CALCR), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). There was no significant difference in the expression of TRAP, CTSK, OSCAR, CALCR, MMP9, or OPG among the clean, cholesteatomatous, and noncholesteatomatous bone powder. On the other hand, the expression of RANK and RANKL was significantly lower in the cholesteatomatous bone powder than in the noncholesteatomatous bone powder (P = 0.003 and P = 0.028, respectively). The RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio did not differ among the three samples. These results indicate that osteoclasts are unlikely to be activated in cholesteatomas. Bone resorption mechanisms not mediated by osteoclasts may need to be reappraised in cholesteatoma research in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Koizumi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Shoji Ikezaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Ohbuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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AlFadhli S, Ghanem AAM, Nizam R. Genome-wide differential expression reveals candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of lupus and lupus nephritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 19:55-64. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suad AlFadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Kuwait University; Kuwait
| | - Aqeel A. M. Ghanem
- Department of Rheumatology; Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital; Ministry of Health; Kuwait
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Kuwait University; Kuwait
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Yu H, Herbert BA, Valerio M, Yarborough L, Hsu LC, Argraves KM. FTY720 inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release and osteoclastogenesis induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:66. [PMID: 26138336 PMCID: PMC4492085 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a bacteria-driven inflammatory bone loss disease. Previous studies showed that the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) stimulated the generation of sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P). In addition, S1P signaling regulated the migration of osteoclast precursors and affected osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, treatment with FTY720 (also called fingolimod, a modulator of multiple S1P receptors) alleviated osteoporosis and suppressed arthritis in animals. This study determined the effect of FTY720 on proinflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cells with or without A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulation. METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived monocytes and macrophages (BMMs) were treated with vehicle ethanol or FTY720, and were either unstimulated or stimulated for 0.5 to 6 h with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the media of BMMs were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expressions, including phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), p-Akt, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), PI3K, Akt, and ERK were evaluated by Western blot. In addition, murine bone marrow-derived pre-osteoclasts were treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) for three days. Then the cells were treated with either vehicle or FTY720 and were either unstimulated or stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans for 4 to 24 h. Control cells were treated with M-CSF alone with or without bacterial stimulation. Osteoclasts were stained by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The mRNA levels of osteoclastogenic factors, including nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic calcineurin-dependent 1 (Nfatc1), cathepsin K (Ctsk), acid phosphatase 5 (Acp5), osteoclast-associated receptor (Oscar), and RANKL were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS FTY720 dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α protein levels induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in BMMs compared with controls. Additionally, FTY720 attenuated p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-ERK expressions induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. Furthermore, FTY720 suppressed osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived pre-osteoclasts with or without bacterial stimulation and reduced the mRNA levels of Nfatc1, Ctsk, Acp5, and Oscar, but not RANKL in bone marrow-derived pre-osteoclasts. CONCLUSION FTY720 inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production and suppressed osteoclastogenesis, supporting FTY720 as a potential therapy for inflammatory bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Bethany A Herbert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Michael Valerio
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | | | | | - Kelley M Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Zawawi MSF, Perilli E, Stansborough RL, Marino V, Cantley MD, Xu J, Dharmapatni AASSK, Haynes DR, Gibson RJ, Crotti TN. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester abrogates bone resorption in a murine calvarial model of polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:565-74. [PMID: 25804981 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Particle-induced bone loss by osteoclasts is a common cause of aseptic loosening around implants. This study investigates whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 and nuclear factor kappa B, at a low dose reduces bone resorption in a murine calvarial model of polyethylene (PE) particle-induced osteolysis. The effects of particles and CAPE treatment on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) histopathology were also evaluated. Mice were scanned using in vivo animal micro-computed tomography (μCT) as a baseline measurement. PE particles (2.82 × 10(9) particles/mL) were implanted over the calvariae on day 0. CAPE was administered subcutaneously (1 mg/kg/day) at days 0, 4, 7 and 10. Mice were killed at day 14 and serum was analysed for Type-1 carboxyterminal collagen crosslinks (CTX)-1 and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) levels. Ex vivo μCT scans were conducted to assess bone volume (BV) change and percentage area of calvarial surface resorbed. Calvarial and GIT tissue was processed for histopathology. By day 14, PE particles significantly induced calvarial bone loss compared with control animals as evidenced by resorption areas adjacent to the implanted PE in three-dimensional μCT images, an increase in percentage of resorbed area (p = 0.0022), reduction in BV (p = 0.0012) and increased Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive cells. Serum CTX-1 (p = 0.0495) and OSCAR levels (p = 0.0006) significantly increased in the PE implant group. CAPE significantly inhibited PE particle-induced calvarial osteolysis, as evidenced by a significant reduction in surface bone resorption (p = 0.0012) and volumetric change (p = 0.0154) compared with PE only, but had no effect on systemic CTX-1. Neither particles nor CAPE had an effect on GIT histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S F Zawawi
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Zawawi MSF, Marino V, Perilli E, Cantley MD, Xu J, Purdue PE, Dharmapatni AASSK, Haynes DR, Crotti TN. Parthenolide reduces empty lacunae and osteoclastic bone surface resorption induced by polyethylene particles in a murine calvarial model of peri-implant osteolysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3572-9. [PMID: 25903444 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effects of parthenolide (PAR) on bone volume (BV) and bone surface resorption as assessed by live-animal microcomputed tomography (μCT) and possible osteocyte death as indicated by empty lacunae histologically in polyethylene (PE) particle-induced calvarial osteolysis in mice. Baseline μCT scans were conducted 7 days preimplantation of 2 × 10(8) PE particles/mL over the calvariae (day 0). PAR at 1 mg/kg/day was subcutaneously injected on days 0, 4, 7, and 10. At day 14, BV and surface resorption was analyzed with μCT. Calvarial tissue was processed for histomorphometric osteocyte evaluation. Serum was analyzed for type-1 carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX-1) and osteoclast associated receptor (OSCAR) levels by ELISA. PE significantly decreased BV (p = 0.0368), increased surface bone resorption area (p = 0.0022), and increased the percentage of empty lacunae (p = 0.0043). Interestingly, PAR significantly reduced the resorption surface area (p = 0.0022) and the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae (p = 0.0087) in the PE-calvariae, but it did not affect BV, serum CTX-1 or OSCAR levels. The ability of PAR to inhibit PE-induced surface bone erosion may better reflect the in vivo situation, where bone resorption occurs on the surface at the bone-implant interface and may also be related to the role of osteocytes in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad S F Zawawi
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Victor Marino
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Egon Perilli
- Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa D Cantley
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Anak A S S K Dharmapatni
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David R Haynes
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tania N Crotti
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Osteoimmunology: Major and Costimulatory Pathway Expression Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Induced Bone Loss. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:281287. [PMID: 26064999 PMCID: PMC4433696 DOI: 10.1155/2015/281287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of osteoimmunology has emerged in response to the range of evidences demonstrating the close interrelationship between the immune system and bone metabolism. This is pertinent to immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease, where there are chronic inflammation and local bone erosion. Periprosthetic osteolysis is another example of chronic inflammation with associated osteolysis. This may also involve immune mediation when occurring in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Similarities in the regulation and mechanisms of bone loss are likely to be related to the inflammatory cytokines expressed in these diseases. This review highlights the role of immune-related factors influencing bone loss particularly in diseases of chronic inflammation where there is associated localized bone loss. The importance of the balance of the RANKL-RANK-OPG axis is discussed as well as the more recently appreciated role that receptors and adaptor proteins involved in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling pathway play. Although animal models are briefly discussed, the focus of this review is on the expression of ITAM associated molecules in relation to inflammation induced localized bone loss in RA, chronic periodontitis, and periprosthetic osteolysis, with an emphasis on the soluble and membrane bound factor osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR).
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Świerkot J, Gruszecka K, Matuszewska A, Wiland P. Assessment of the Effect of Methotrexate Therapy on Bone Metabolism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:397-404. [PMID: 25837853 PMCID: PMC4572055 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate mutual interactions between immune system cells and bone tissue cells, play a major role in the formation of bone changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the work was to assess serum concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL, Dkk-1 and sclerostin in RA patients compared to a control group and to analyze changes of these concentrations during methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Patients enrolled in the study were 30 women of Caucasian origin aged 30-74 years with RA. Patients with active form of the disease were administered recommended doses of MTX for at least 6 months. The study group was divided into subgroup I-patients with improvement; and subgroup II-patients with no improvement. The control group consisted of 12 healthy women in the age of 41-73. Before MTX therapy, RA patients had higher levels of RANKL (644.97 ± 477.13 vs. 255.19 ± 130.26 pmol/l), lower values of OPG/RANKL (0.01 ± 0.0101 vs. 0.02 ± 0.0078) and higher levels of Dkk-1 protein (1821.32 ± 1060.28 vs. 548.52 ± 36.35 pg/ml) compared to the control group. In the analyzed group of patients (all patients receiving MTX regardless of responder non responder status) after 6 months of therapy, a statistically significant increase in the ratio of OPG/RANKL was found (0.0118 ± 0.0102 vs. 0.0141 ± 0.0118; p = 0.02). The index value of OPG/RANKL differed significantly depending on the resultant effect of treatment (0.01702 ± 0.01274 in the subgroup of improvement vs. 0.00675 ± 0.00289 in the subgroup without improvement). The difference in the mean concentrations of Dkk-1 before and after treatment with MTX between subgroups I and II was statistically significant (p = 0.002). In subgroup I, mean concentration of Dkk-1 decreased after 6 months of treatment with MTX (2054.72 ± 1004.74 vs. 1831.70 ± 851.70 pg/ml); while in subgroup II, the mean concentration of Dkk-1 increased (1214.48 ± 738.32 vs. 2275.01 ± 1385.23 pg/ml). There were no statistically significant changes in the mean concentrations of sclerostin before and after treatment with MTX (in whole group treatment with MTX, in subgroup I, and in subgroup II). The results confirm the presence of disorders of bone metabolism in patients with RA. Treatment with MTX affects the value of the ratio of OPG/RANKL and concentration of Dkk-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Świerkot
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gruszecka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Wiland
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Osteoclast activators are elevated in intervertebral disks with Modic changes among patients operated for herniated nucleus pulposus. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:207-216. [PMID: 25813008 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modic changes (MC) are associated with low back pain (LBP). Inflammation is considered as a key factor that triggers symptoms in especially type I MC, but so far of the potential inflammatory candidates only TNFα has been linked to MC. The objective of the study was to analyze a set of inflammatory mediators in human surgical disk samples and quantify their association with MC in the adjacent vertebral bodies. METHODS The study sample consisted of 51 intervertebral disk tissue specimens; 20 'No MC' disks, 19 'Type I MC' disks, and 12 'Type II MC' disks. mRNA expression of 46 cytokines was quantified from isolated RNA. Tissue samples were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, Herovici, CD68 and CD163. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the amount of macrophages or presence of chondrocyte conglomerates between the MC groups. Of the multiple genes tested, statistically significant associations were observed for M-CSF1 (p = 0.028), RANKL (p = 0.035), RUNX1 (p = 0.032), and RUNX2 (p = 0.047) that were increased in 'Type II MC,' while OSCAR (p = 0.042) was increased in 'Type I MC' group compared to 'No MC.' CONCLUSIONS Since these cytokines are related to differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts, our data suggest that the stimulation of vertebral osteoclasts by factors secreted by disk tissue is involved in the pathophysiology of MC.
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Kim JY, Oh HM, Kwak SC, Cheon YH, Lee MS, Rho MC, Oh J. Purslane Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity via Inhibition of Akt/GSK3β-c-Fos-NFATc1 Signaling in Vitro and Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:66-74. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University
| | - Hyun Mee Oh
- Bioindustrial Process Research Center, Bio-Materials Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Sung Chul Kwak
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM), NeuMed Inc
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- BK21plus Program & Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Graduate School, Wonkwang University
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University
| | - Mun Chual Rho
- Bioindustrial Process Research Center, Bio-Materials Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Jaemin Oh
- BK21plus Program & Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Graduate School, Wonkwang University
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University
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Swales C, Sabokbar A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone damage and repair in inflammatory arthritis. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yeon JT, Kim KJ, Choi SW, Moon SH, Park YS, Ryu BJ, Oh J, Kim MS, Erkhembaatar M, Son YJ, Kim SH. Anti-osteoclastogenic activity of praeruptorin A via inhibition of p38/Akt-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and PLCγ-independent Ca2+ oscillation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88974. [PMID: 24586466 PMCID: PMC3931687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A decrease of bone mass is a major risk factor for fracture. Several natural products have traditionally been used as herbal medicines to prevent and/or treat bone disorders including osteoporosis. Praeruptorin A is isolated from the dry root extract of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and has several biological activities, but its anti-osteoporotic activity has not been studied yet. Materials and Methods The effect of praeruptorin A on the differentiation of bone marrow–derived macrophages into osteoclasts was examined by phenotype assay and confirmed by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The involvement of NFATc1 in the anti-osteoclastogenic action of praeruptorin A was evaluated by its lentiviral ectopic expression. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were also measured. Results Praeruptorin A inhibited the RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation accompanied by inhibition of p38 and Akt signaling, which could be the reason for praeruptorin A-downregulated expression levels of c-Fos and NFATc1, transcription factors that regulate osteoclast-specific genes, as well as osteoclast fusion-related molecules. The anti-osteoclastogenic effect of praeruptorin A was rescued by overexpression of NFATc1. Praeruptorin A strongly prevented the RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillation without any changes in the phosphorylation of PLCγ. Conclusion Praeruptorin A could exhibit its anti-osteoclastogenic activity by inhibiting p38/Akt-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and PLCγ-independent Ca2+ oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Tae Yeon
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Pharmacology Research Center, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Moon
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Pharmacology Research Center, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jun Ryu
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Pharmacology Research Center, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Department of Anatomy & Institute for Skeletal Diseases, School of Medicine, Wongkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Wongkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Wongkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJS); (SHK)
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Pharmacology Research Center, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJS); (SHK)
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Koskinen C, Persson E, Baldock P, Stenberg Å, Boström I, Matozaki T, Oldenborg PA, Lundberg P. Lack of CD47 impairs bone cell differentiation and results in an osteopenic phenotype in vivo due to impaired signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29333-44. [PMID: 23990469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether the cell surface glycoprotein CD47 was required for normal formation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and to maintain normal bone formation activity in vitro and in vivo. In parathyroid hormone or 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (D3)-stimulated bone marrow cultures (BMC) from CD47(-/-) mice, we found a strongly reduced formation of multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) osteoclasts, associated with reduced expression of osteoclastogenic genes (nfatc1, Oscar, Trap/Acp, ctr, catK, and dc-stamp). The production of M-CSF and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand) was reduced in CD47(-/-) BMC, as compared with CD47(+/+) BMC. The stromal cell phenotype in CD47(-/-) BMC involved a blunted expression of the osteoblast-associated genes osterix, Alp/Akp1, and α-1-collagen, and reduced mineral deposition, as compared with that in CD47(+/+) BMC. CD47 is a ligand for SIRPα (signal regulatory protein α), which showed strongly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in CD47(-/-) bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, stromal cells lacking the signaling SIRPα cytoplasmic domain also had a defect in osteogenic differentiation, and both CD47(-/-) and non-signaling SIRPα mutant stromal cells showed a markedly reduced ability to support osteoclastogenesis in wild-type bone marrow macrophages, demonstrating that CD47-induced SIRPα signaling is critical for stromal cell support of osteoclast formation. In vivo, femoral bones of 18- or 28-week-old CD47(-/-) mice showed significantly reduced osteoclast and osteoblast numbers and exhibited an osteopenic bone phenotype. In conclusion, lack of CD47 strongly impairs SIRPα-dependent osteoblast differentiation, deteriorate bone formation, and cause reduced formation of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Koskinen
- From the Departments of Odontology, Section for Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
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Sinningen K, Rauner M, Goettsch C, Al-Fakhri N, Schoppet M, Hofbauer LC. Monocytic expression of osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is induced in atherosclerotic mice and regulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:314-8. [PMID: 23817038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), primarily described as a co-stimulatory regulator of osteoclast differentiation, represents a potential link between bone metabolism and vascular biology. Previously, we identified OSCAR as an endothelial cell-derived target of the proatherogenic factor oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Since monocytes play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis, we assessed whether atherogenic stimuli also regulate the expression of OSCAR on monocytes. Four-week-old male wild-type (WT), apolipoprotein e knockout (apoe KO), and LDL receptor knockout (ldlr KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet or normal chow for 6weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the spleen were stained with antibodies against CD14 and OSCAR for subsequent flow cytometric analysis. OSCAR surface expression on CD14-positive monocytes increased 2-fold in PBMCs from apoe KO mice compared to WT mice. Feeding a high-fat diet further increased OSCAR surface expression 1.5-fold in apoe KO mice compared to normal diet. Moreover, OSCAR-positive macrophages were detected in atherosclerotic plaques of apoe KO mice. Interestingly, monocytic OSCAR expression was not altered in ldlr KO mice. In the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, TNFα and oxLDL induced OSCAR mRNA expression by 2-fold and 5-fold (p<0.01), respectively. Blocking the oxLDL receptor LOX-1 and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway prevented OSCAR induction. In conclusion, OSCAR expression in monocytic cells is regulated by proatherogenic stimuli further pointing towards a role in vascular inflammation or plaque vulnerability during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sinningen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Snapshot of recent key developments in the patent literature of relevance to the advancement of pharmaceutical and medical R&D
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FU YINGXIAO, GU JIANHONG, ZHANG YIRAN, TONG XISHUAI, ZHAO HONGYAN, YUAN YAN, LIU XUEZHONG, BIAN JIANCHUN, LIU ZONGPING. Osteoprotegerin influences the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1411-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Apolipoprotein E inhibits osteoclast differentiation via regulation of c-Fos, NFATc1 and NF-κB. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:436-46. [PMID: 23246654 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in the transport and metabolism of lipid. Other functions of ApoE include modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression of ApoE in osteoblasts and its relevance with bone formation have also been reported. However, the effect of ApoE on osteoclasts has not yet been examined. Here, we investigated the role of ApoE in osteoclast differentiation using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells. We found a down-regulation of ApoE gene expression during osteoclastic differentiation of those cells. Overexpression of ApoE in BMMs and RAW264.7 cells significantly blocked the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1), transcription factors critical for expression of osteoclast marker genes, by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), the osteoclast differentiation factor. ApoE inhibited osteoclast differentiation, as measured by decreased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (MNCs). In addition, ApoE reduced the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and ATPase, H(+) transporting, lysosomal 38kDa, V0 subunit d2 (ATP6v0d2), genes involved in cell-cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis. Knock-down of ApoE using a specific siRNA promoted the RANKL-mediated induction of osteoclast differentiation. While ApoE did not affect the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways by RANKL, the phosphorylation of p65 trans-activation domain on serine 536 and transcription activity of NF-κB were reduced by ApoE overexpression. These findings suggest that ApoE plays an inhibitory role in osteoclast differentiation via the suppression of RANKL-dependent activation of NF-κB and induction of c-Fos and NFATc1.
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Lerner UH. Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and Osteocytes: Unveiling Their Intimate-Associated Responses to Applied Orthodontic Forces. Semin Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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