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Ranjitkar S, Krajewski D, Garcia C, Tedeschi C, Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Mire M, Blesso CN, Jellison E, Schneider SS, Ryan JJ, Mathias CB. IL-10 Differentially Promotes Mast Cell Responsiveness to IL-33, Resulting in Enhancement of Type 2 Inflammation and Suppression of Neutrophilia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1407-1419. [PMID: 38497670 PMCID: PMC11018500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in the establishment of allergic diseases. We recently demonstrated an unexpected, proinflammatory role for IL-10 in regulating MC responses. IL-10 enhanced MC activation and promoted IgE-dependent responses during food allergy. However, whether these effects extend to IgE-independent stimuli is not clear. In this article, we demonstrate that IL-10 plays a critical role in driving IL-33-mediated MC responses. IL-10 stimulation enhanced MC expansion and degranulation, ST2 expression, IL-13 production, and phospho-relA upregulation in IL-33-treated cells while suppressing TNF-α. These effects were partly dependent on endogenous IL-10 and further amplified in MCs coactivated with both IL-33 and IgE/Ag. IL-10's divergent effects also extended in vivo. In a MC-dependent model of IL-33-induced neutrophilia, IL-10 treatment enhanced MC responsiveness, leading to suppression of neutrophils and decreased TNF-α. In contrast, during IL-33-induced type 2 inflammation, IL-10 priming exacerbated MC activity, resulting in MC recruitment to various tissues, enhanced ST2 expression, induction of hypothermia, recruitment of eosinophils, and increased MCPT-1 and IL-13 levels. Our data elucidate an important role for IL-10 as an augmenter of IL-33-mediated MC responses, with implications during both allergic diseases and other MC-dependent disorders. IL-10 induction is routinely used as a prognostic marker of disease improvement. Our data suggest instead that IL-10 can enhance ST2 responsiveness in IL-33-activated MCs, with the potential to both aggravate or suppress disease severity depending on the inflammatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ranjitkar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Caitlin Tedeschi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Stephanie H. Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Mohamed Mire
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | | | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199
| | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Clinton B. Mathias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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3
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Malmhäll-Bah E, Andersson KM, Erlandsson MC, Silfverswärd ST, Pullerits R, Bokarewa MI. Metabolic signature and proteasome activity controls synovial migration of CDC42hiCD14 + cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187093. [PMID: 37662900 PMCID: PMC10469903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Activation of Rho-GTPases in macrophages causes inflammation and severe arthritis in mice. In this study, we explore if Rho-GTPases define the joint destination of pathogenic leukocytes, the mechanism by which they perpetuate rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and how JAK inhibition mitigates these effects. Methods CD14+ cells of 136 RA patients were characterized by RNA sequencing and cytokine measurement to identify biological processes and transcriptional regulators specific for CDC42 hiCD14+ cells, which were summarized in a metabolic signature (MetSig). The effect of hypoxia and IFN-γ signaling on the metabolic signature of CD14+ cells was assessed experimentally. To investigate its connection with joint inflammation, the signature was translated into the single-cell characteristics of CDC42 hi synovial tissue macrophages. The sensitivity of MetSig to the RA disease activity and the treatment effect were assessed experimentally and clinically. Results CDC42 hiCD14+ cells carried MetSig of genes functional in the oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome-dependent cell remodeling, which correlated with the cytokine-rich migratory phenotype and antigen-presenting capacity of these cells. Integration of CDC42 hiCD14+ and synovial macrophages marked with MetSig revealed the important role of the interferon-rich environment and immunoproteasome expression in the homeostasis of these pathogenic macrophages. The CDC42 hiCD14+ cells were targeted by JAK inhibitors and responded with the downregulation of immunoproteasome and MHC-II molecules, which disintegrated the immunological synapse, reduced cytokine production, and alleviated arthritis. Conclusion This study shows that the CDC42-related MetSig identifies the antigen-presenting CD14+ cells that migrate to joints to coordinate autoimmunity. The accumulation of CDC42 hiCD14+ cells discloses patients perceptive to the JAKi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Malmhäll-Bah
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M.E. Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C. Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia T. Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I. Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Phenethyl Ester of Gallic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248770. [PMID: 36557903 PMCID: PMC9782083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a phenolic acid present in various plants, nuts, and fruits. It is well known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenethyl ester of gallic acid (PEGA) was synthesized with the aim of increasing the bioavailability of gallic acid, and thus its pharmacological potential. Here, the effects of PEGA on encephalitogenic cells were examined, and PEGA was found to modulate the inflammatory activities of T cells and macrophages/microglia. Specifically, PEGA reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ from T cells, as well as NO, and IL-6 from macrophages/microglia. Importantly, PEGA ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)-multiple sclerosis. Thus, PEGA is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a perspective to be further explored in the context of CNS autoimmunity and other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Ubah UDB, Triyasakorn K, Roan B, Conlin M, Lai JCK, Awale PS. Pan HDACi Valproic Acid and Trichostatin A Show Apparently Contrasting Inflammatory Responses in Cultured J774A.1 Macrophages. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6040038. [PMID: 36412793 PMCID: PMC9680436 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated as an attempt to clarify some of the apparent conflicting data regarding the so-called anti-inflammatory versus proinflammatory properties of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). In cell culture, typically, chronic pretreatment with the HDACi valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of acute treatment with VPA and TSA on the levels of inflammatory cytokines in J774A.1 macrophage cell line is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of acute treatment with VPA and TSA on levels of key inflammatory cytokines in maximally stimulated J774A.1 cells. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with either VPA or TSA for 1 h (acute treatment), followed by maximal stimulation with LPS + IFNγ for 24 h. ELISA was used to measure the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, NO and IL-1β from the culture medium. Acute treatment with VPA showed a dose-dependent increase in levels of all three cytokines. Similar to VPA, TSA also showed a dose-dependent increase in levels of IL-1β alone. This study sheds new light on the conflicting data in the literature that may partly be explained by acute or short-term exposure versus chronic or long-term exposure to HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubah Dominic Babah Ubah
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Korawin Triyasakorn
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Brandon Roan
- Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Minsyusheen Conlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - James C. K. Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Prabha S. Awale
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Avenue, Mail Stop 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mokgalaboni K, Phoswa W. Cross-link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and iron deficiency anemia. A mini-review. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Lee GKC, Kang H, Beeler-Marfisi J, Sears W, Lillie BN, Bienzle D. Effects of equine SALSA on neutrophil phagocytosis and macrophage cytokine production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264911. [PMID: 35286327 PMCID: PMC8920288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) is a secreted protein with various immunomodulatory roles. In humans, the protein agglutinates and inactivates microorganisms, and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Saliva, which is rich in SALSA, accelerates bacterial phagocytosis, but SALSA’s contribution is unclear. In horses, the functions of SALSA in inflammation remain undetermined, so they were investigated through phagocytosis and cytokine assays. Equine SALSA was purified from duodenal tissue, which contains abundant SALSA. To assess phagocytosis, fluorescently-labelled bacteria were incubated with 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 μg/mL of SALSA or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then incubated at 37°C or on ice with whole blood from seven healthy horses. Fluorescence was measured by gating on neutrophils using a flow cytometer, and compared between groups. To assess effects on cytokine production, alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of five healthy horses and cultured in serum-free media for 24 hours with different concentrations of SALSA plus 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only LPS, or only media. Cytokines were measured in supernatant using an equine-specific multiplex bead immunoassay. There was significantly greater phagocytosis in samples incubated at 37°C compared to incubation on ice. Samples incubated with 20 μg/mL of SALSA at 37°C had less phagocytosis compared to samples with 10 or 2.5 μg/mL SALSA, or PBS. Alveolar macrophages incubated with SALSA plus LPS released significantly less CXC motif chemokine ligand 1, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α, and more granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), compared to macrophages incubated with LPS alone. These findings indicate anti-inflammatory effects, which may be due to interference with toll-like receptor 4 recognition of LPS or downstream signaling. Increase in G-CSF following incubation with SALSA suggests a novel mechanism for immunoregulation of alveolar macrophages by SALSA, addressing a knowledge gap regarding its functions in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Kwok Cheong Lee
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Heng Kang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William Sears
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon N. Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Kumar V, Xin X, Ma J, Tan C, Osna N, Mahato RI. Therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and delivery systems for diabetes associated NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113888. [PMID: 34314787 PMCID: PMC8440458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fourth-leading cause of death. Hyperglycemia induces various complications, including nephropathy, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are several etiological factors leading to liver disease development, which involve insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation in the liver exerts oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Hepatocyte injury induces release of inflammatory cytokines from Kupffer cells (KCs), which are responsible for activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this review, we will discuss various molecular targets for treating chronic liver diseases, including homeostasis of FFA, lipid metabolism, and decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis, role of growth factors, and regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HSC activation. This review will also critically assess different strategies to enhance drug delivery to different cell types. Targeting nanocarriers to specific liver cell types have the potential to increase efficacy and suppress off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Natalia Osna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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9
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Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Walder K, Berk M, Olive L, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, CRS and MAS compared. Can one sized treatment fit all? Cytokine 2021; 144:155593. [PMID: 34074585 PMCID: PMC8149193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of published data appertaining to the cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) reveals many common immunological and biochemical abnormalities. These include evidence of a hyperactive coagulation system with elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and microthrombi coupled with an activated and highly permeable vascular endothelium. Common immune abnormalities include progressive hypercytokinemia with elevated levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, proinflammatory chemokines, activated macrophages and increased levels of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB). Inflammasome activation and release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is common to COVID-19, H1N1, and MAS but does not appear to be a feature of CRS. Elevated levels of IL-18 are detected in patients with COVID-19 and MAS but have not been reported in patients with H1N1 influenza and CRS. Elevated interferon-γ is common to H1N1, MAS, and CRS but levels of this molecule appear to be depressed in patients with COVID-19. CD4+ T, CD8+ and NK lymphocytes are involved in the pathophysiology of CRS, MAS, and possibly H1N1 but are reduced in number and dysfunctional in COVID-19. Additional elements underpinning the pathophysiology of cytokine storms include Inflammasome activity and DAMPs. Treatment with anakinra may theoretically offer an avenue to positively manipulate the range of biochemical and immune abnormalities reported in COVID-19 and thought to underpin the pathophysiology of cytokine storms beyond those manipulated via the use of, canakinumab, Jak inhibitors or tocilizumab. Thus, despite the relative success of tocilizumab in reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients already on dexamethasone and promising results with Baricitinib, the combination of anakinra in combination with dexamethasone offers the theoretical prospect of further improvements in patient survival. However, there is currently an absence of trial of evidence in favour or contravening this proposition. Accordingly, a large well powered blinded prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test this hypothesis is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australi
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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10
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Erfani A, Hanna A, Zarrintaj P, Manouchehri S, Weigandt K, Aichele CP, Ramsey JD. Biodegradable zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) microgel for sustained delivery of antibodies with extended stability and preserved function. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5349-5361. [PMID: 33954314 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00154j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many recent innovative treatments are based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other protein therapies. Nevertheless, sustained subcutaneous, oral or pulmonary delivery of such therapeutics is limited by the poor stability, short half-life, and non-specific interactions between the antibody (Ab) and delivery vehicle. Protein stabilizers (osmolytes) such as carboxybetaine can prevent non-specific interactions within proteins. In this work, a biodegradable zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine), pCB, based microgel covalently crosslinked with tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (TTEGDA) was synthesized for Ab encapsulation. The resulting microgels were characterized via FTIR, diffusion NMR, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and cell culture studies. The microgels were found to contain up to 97.5% water content and showed excellent degradability that can be tuned with crosslinking density. Cell compatibility of the microgel was studied by assessing the toxicity and immunogenicity in vitro. Cells exposed to microgel showed complete viability and no pro-inflammatory secretion of interleukin 6 (IL6) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Microgel was loaded with Immunoglobulin G (as a model Ab), using a post-fabrication loading technique, and Ab sustained release from microgels of varying crosslinking densities was studied. The released Abs (especially from the high crosslinked microgels) proved to be completely active and able to bind with Ab receptors. This study opens a new horizon for scientists to use such a platform for local delivery of Abs to the desired target with minimized non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Erfani
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Abanoub Hanna
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Saeed Manouchehri
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Katie Weigandt
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20889-6102, USA
| | - Clint P Aichele
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Joshua D Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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11
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Oliver Metzig M, Tang Y, Mitchell S, Taylor B, Foreman R, Wollman R, Hoffmann A. An incoherent feedforward loop interprets NFκB/RelA dynamics to determine TNF-induced necroptosis decisions. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9677. [PMID: 33314666 PMCID: PMC7734648 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing cell death is essential to maintain healthy tissue homeostasis and prevent disease. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not only activates nuclear factor κB (NFκB), which coordinates the cellular response to inflammation, but may also trigger necroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death. Whether TNF-induced NFκB affects the fate decision to undergo TNF-induced necroptosis is unclear. Live-cell microscopy and model-aided analysis of death kinetics identified a molecular circuit that interprets TNF-induced NFκB/RelA dynamics to control necroptosis decisions. Inducible expression of TNFAIP3/A20 forms an incoherent feedforward loop to interfere with the RIPK3-containing necrosome complex and protect a fraction of cells from transient, but not long-term TNF exposure. Furthermore, dysregulated NFκB dynamics often associated with disease diminish TNF-induced necroptosis. Our results suggest that TNF's dual roles in either coordinating cellular responses to inflammation, or further amplifying inflammation are determined by a dynamic NFκB-A20-RIPK3 circuit, that could be targeted to treat inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Oliver Metzig
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Ying Tang
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Brooks Taylor
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Robert Foreman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Signaling Systems LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyImmunology and Molecular GeneticsUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational BiosciencesUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
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12
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Kim NH, Lee SM, Kim YN, Jeon YJ, Heo JD, Jeong EJ, Rho JR. Standardized Fraction of Turbinaria ornata Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Upregulation of FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1463. [PMID: 33092149 PMCID: PMC7590162 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Turbinaria ornata is a tropical brown algae (seaweed) known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we analyzed T. ornata extract (TOE) using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluated the in vivo efficacy of TOE against dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice. The bioactive fraction of TOE was administered orally daily for 6 weeks to mice under different treatments normal, colitis, and colitis + conventional drug (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA). Regarding clinical manifestation, the disease activity index and colon length of the colitis + TOE group were significantly reduced compared to those of the colitis group. The results of myeloperoxidase activity and histopathological examination showed similar results. Western blot analysis of colon tissues revealed that cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) were significantly decreased in the colitis + 5-ASA group, whereas forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) was increased. qPCR results showed changes in T cell subsets; the administration of TOE upregulated regulatory T cell (Treg) expression, although T helper 17 cell (Th17) expression did not change significantly. Interestingly, the colitis + TOE group showed high levels of both Th1 and Th2 transcription factors, but the secreted cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 remained unchanged and somewhat reduced. Additionally, TNF-α gene expression was significantly reduced in the colitis + TOE group. IL-6 mRNA levels were also decreased, although not significantly. Four compounds were structurally elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and five compounds were fully identified or tentatively characterized using LC-QTOF-MS. In conclusion, TOE could alleviate chronic colitis via upregulation of Foxp3+ Treg cells and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which directly inhibits macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, leading to reduced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Seon Min Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Yun Na Kim
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.M.L.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Korea
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13
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Elangovan S, Holsinger RMD. Cyclical amyloid beta-astrocyte activity induces oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:38-42. [PMID: 32061803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multi-faceted. The role of astrocytes in AD pathology, both as a causative agent of amyloid-beta (Aβ) production as well as a casualty of dysfunction resulting from the presence of Aβ has been well-delineated. In this review, we explore the influence of oxidative stress in astrocytes and the subsequent effect on Aβ levels in the brain from a perspective of intracellular calcium homeostasis and NADPH oxidase activity. The response of astrocytes to the presence of Aβ, as well astrocytic and microglial interaction and inflammatory cytokine release is also discussed, highlighting a cyclical behaviour of these cells in contributing to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Elangovan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - R M Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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14
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Turk BR, Nemeth CL, Marx JS, Tiffany C, Jones R, Theisen B, Kambhampati S, Ramireddy R, Singh S, Rosen M, Kaufman ML, Murray CF, Watkins PA, Kannan S, Kannan R, Fatemi A. Dendrimer-N-acetyl-L-cysteine modulates monophagocytic response in adrenoleukodystrophy. Ann Neurol 2019; 84:452-462. [PMID: 30069915 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to mutations in the peroxisomal very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA transporter, ABCD1, with limited therapeutic options. ALD may manifest in a slowly progressive adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) phenotype, or switch to rapid inflammatory demyelinating cerebral disease (cALD), in which microglia have been shown to play a pathophysiological role. The aim of this study was to determine the role of patient phenotype in the immune response of ex vivo monophagocytic cells to stimulation, and to evaluate the efficacy of polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugated to the antioxidant precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in modulating this immune response. METHODS Human monophagocytic cells were derived from fresh whole blood, from healthy (n = 4), heterozygote carrier (n = 4), AMN (n = 7), and cALD (n = 4) patients. Cells were exposed to very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C24:0 and C26:0) and treated with dendrimer-NAC (D-NAC). RESULTS Ex vivo exposure to VLCFAs significantly increased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and glutamate secretion from cALD patient macrophages. Additionally, a significant reduction in total intracellular glutathione was observed in cALD patient cells. D-NAC treatment dose-dependently reduced TNFα and glutamate secretion and replenished total intracellular glutathione levels in cALD patient macrophages, more efficiently than NAC. Similarly, D-NAC treatment decreased glutamate secretion in AMN patient cells. INTERPRETATION ALD phenotypes display unique inflammatory profiles in response to VLCFA stimulation, and therefore ex vivo monophagocytic cells may provide a novel test bed for therapeutic agents. Based on our findings, D-NAC may be a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cALD. Ann Neurol 2018;84:452-462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela R Turk
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Joel S Marx
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | - Carol Tiffany
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | - Richard Jones
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | - Siva Kambhampati
- Center for Nanomedicine/Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute
| | - Raj Ramireddy
- Center for Nanomedicine/Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute
| | - Sarabdeep Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melissa Rosen
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | - Connor F Murray
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | - Paul A Watkins
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rangaramanujam Kannan
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Center for Nanomedicine/Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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15
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Luo L, Liu Q, Peng S, Meng Y, Du W, Luo D, Wang Q, Ding J, Dong X, Ma X. The Number of Regulatory B Cells is Increased in Mice with Collagen-induced Arthritis. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:12-18. [PMID: 33817132 PMCID: PMC7874759 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate changes in regulatory B cells (Bregs) and the expression of related cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A total 20 DBA/1 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into control and CIA disease groups. For the CIA disease group, animals were injected intradermally with chicken collagen type II and complete Freund's adjuvant. The calculated arthritis index score of the CIA group was significantly higher than that in control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed tumid synovial cells with irregular arrangement and obvious hyperplasia, with a high degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in CIA model group. Cytometric bead array technology and quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in serum, and synovial cells were significantly increased in the CIA group. The proportion of Bregs in the spleen of the CIA group was significantly increased compared to the control group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the number of Bregs and the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 are enhanced in mice with CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Demei Luo
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Xunan Dong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 118 West Henan Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi P.R. China.,College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Urumqi P.R. China
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16
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Fahy N, Menzel U, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Shear and Dynamic Compression Modulates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Human Monocytes in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 10:383. [PMID: 30891042 PMCID: PMC6411641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their derived macrophages are found at the site of remodeling tissue, such as fracture hematoma, that is exposed to mechanical forces and have been previously implicated in the reparative response. However, the mechanoresponsive of monocytes and macrophages to skeletal tissue-associated mechanical forces and their subsequent contribution to skeletal repair remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of skeletal tissue-associated loading conditions to modulate human monocyte activation and phenotype. Primary human monocytes or the human monocyte reporter cell line, THP1-Blue, were encapsulated in agarose and exposed to a combination of shear and compressive loading for 1 h a day for 3 consecutive days. Exposure of monocytes to mechanical loading conditions increased their pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression. Exposure of undifferentiated monocytes to mechanical loading conditions significantly upregulated gene expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8 compared to free swelling controls. Additionally, multiaxial loading of unstimulated monocytes resulted in increased protein secretion of TNF-α (17.1 ± 8.9 vs. 8 ± 7.4 pg/ml) and MIP-1α (636.8 ± 471.1 vs. 124.1 ± 40.1 pg/ml), as well as IL-13 (42.1 ± 19.8 vs. 21.7 ± 13.6) compared monocytes cultured under free-swelling conditions. This modulatory effect was observed irrespective of previous activation with the M1/pro-inflammatory differentiation stimuli lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ or the M2/anti-inflammatory differentiation factor interleukin-4. Furthermore, mechanical shear and compression were found to differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and IL-12B gene expression as well as inflammatory protein production by THP1-Blue monocytes. The findings of this study indicate that human monocytes are responsive to mechanical stimuli, with a modulatory effect of shear and compressive loading observed toward pro-inflammatory mediator production. This may play a role in healing pathways that are mechanically regulated. An in depth understanding of the impact of skeletal tissue-associated mechanical loading on monocyte behavior may identify novel targets to maximize inflammation-mediated repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fahy
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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17
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Limongi D, Baldelli S, Checconi P, Marcocci ME, De Chiara G, Fraternale A, Magnani M, Ciriolo MR, Palamara AT. GSH-C4 Acts as Anti-inflammatory Drug in Different Models of Canonical and Cell Autonomous Inflammation Through NFκB Inhibition. Front Immunol 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 30787932 PMCID: PMC6372722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in GSH/GSSG ratio represents a triggering event in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which GSH regulates macrophage and cell autonomous inflammation remains not deeply understood. Here, we investigated the effects of a derivative of GSH, the N-butanoyl glutathione (GSH-C4), a cell permeable compound, on lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, and human macrophages. LPS alone induces a significant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and a significant decrement of GSH content. Such events were significantly abrogated by treatment with GSH-C4. Moreover, GSH-C4 was highly efficient in buffering cell autonomous inflammatory status of aged C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that inflammation was paralleled by a strong induction of the phosphorylated form of NFκB, which translocates into the nucleus; a process that was also efficiently inhibited by the treatment with GSH-C4. Overall, the evidence suggests that GSH decrement is required for efficient activation of an inflammatory condition and, at the same time, GSH-C4 can be envisaged as a good candidate to abrogate such process, expanding the anti-inflammatory role of this molecule in chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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18
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Dandrieux JRS, Narayanan L, Firestone S, Archer TM, Mansfield CS. Effect of immunosuppressive drugs on cytokine production in canine whole blood stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a combination of ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:199-205. [PMID: 30663866 PMCID: PMC6498811 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A pharmacodynamic assay has been previously developed to monitor ciclosporin treatment in dogs by assessing inhibition of cytokine transcription after whole blood stimulation with 12-myristate 13-1 acetate and ionomycin (PMA/I). In this study, whole blood stimulation with either PMA/I or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to assess the effect of multiple drugs (azathioprine, ciclosporin, mycophenolate, leflunomide and prednisone) after a 7-day treatment course on production of cytokines measured with a multiplex assay in healthy dogs (n = 4 for each treatment). Interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were significantly activated by PMA/I stimulation and IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα by LPS stimulation, in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs. After ciclosporin treatment, IL-10, IFNγ and TNFα production was significantly reduced after stimulation with PMA/I compared to pre-treatment. After prednisone treatment, TNFα production was significantly reduced after stimulation with PMA/I or LPS compared to pre-treatment. No significant change was observed after treatment with azathioprine, leflunomide or mycophenolate. This methodology may be useful to monitor dogs not only treated with ciclosporin, but also with prednisone or a combination of both. Further studies are needed to assess the use of this assay in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien R S Dandrieux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Simon Firestone
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Todd M Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, Mississippi
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic, Australia
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19
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Sun Y, Ge X, Li M, Xu L, Shen Y. Dyrk2 involved in regulating LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:979-986. [PMID: 28676338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of relevant signaling pathways plays a very important role in LPS-induced neuronal damage. Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2(Dyrk2), as a phosphokinase that can directly or indirectly phosphorylate signal molecules, was recently reported to down-regulate Type I Interferon(TIF) by promoting ser527 phosphorylation of TBK1. To further investigate the role of Dyrk2 in neuroinflammation, we for the first time focused on its function in LPS-induced neuronal damage. We found LPS stimulation increased the expression of Dyrk2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. In addition, overexpression of Dyrk2 not only reduced the level of TNF-α induction, but also obviously inhibited LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. We further found that Dyrk2 promoted the induction of phospho-Akt, phospho-p65 and phospho-p38MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), but immunoprecipitation showed Dyrk2 interacted with and Akt, p38MAPK and IκBα (IkappaB-alpha), except NF-κB subunit p65. These findings suggest Dyrk2 can inhibit LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis and plays key roles in LPS-indcued signaling pathways by its phosphokinase function. These data provide a novel viewpoint that Dyrks family may have an important role in neuroinflammation, and provide a potential molecular target for improving neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Ge
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Shen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Yao Z, Lei W, Duan R, Li Y, Luo L, Boyce BF. RANKL cytokine enhances TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis independently of TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) 6 by degrading TRAF3 in osteoclast precursors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10169-10179. [PMID: 28438834 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and TNF, induce increased osteoclast (OC) formation and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis and inflammatory arthritides. RANKL and TNF can independently induce OC formation in vitro from WT OC precursors via TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins, which bind to their receptors. Of these, only TRAF6 is required for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here we report that RANKL induced the formation of bone-resorbing OCs from TRAF6-/- OC precursors when cultured on bone slices but not on plastic. The mechanisms involved increased TNF production by TRAF6-/- OC precursors resulting from their interaction with bone matrix and release of active TGFβ from the resorbed bone, coupled with RANKL-induced autophagolysosomal degradation of TRAF3, a known inhibitor of OC formation. Consistent with these findings, RANKL enhanced TNF-induced OC formation from TRAF6-/- OC precursors. Moreover, TNF induced significantly more OCs from mice with TRAF3 conditionally deleted in myeloid lineage cells, and it did not inhibit RANKL-induced OC formation from these cells. TRAF6-/- OC precursors that overexpressed TRAF3 or were treated with the autophagolysosome inhibitor chloroquine formed significantly fewer OCs in response to TNF alone or in combination with RANKL. We conclude that RANKL can enhance TNF-induced OC formation independently of TRAF6 by degrading TRAF3. These findings suggest that preventing TRAF3 degradation with drugs like chloroquine could reduce excessive OC formation in diseases in which bone resorption is increased in response to elevated production of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Yao
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and .,the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 and
| | - Wei Lei
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and.,the Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Rong Duan
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Yanyun Li
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Lu Luo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and .,the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 and
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21
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Shi J, Wang H, Guan H, Shi S, Li Y, Wu X, Li N, Yang C, Bai X, Cai W, Yang F, Wang X, Su L, Zheng Z, Hu D. IL10 inhibits starvation-induced autophagy in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via cross talk between the IL10-IL10R-STAT3 and IL10-AKT-mTOR pathways. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2133. [PMID: 26962683 PMCID: PMC4823945 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a serious skin fibrotic disease characterized by excessive hypercellularity and extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition. Autophagy is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for cellular maintenance, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Previous studies show that IL10 has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of preventing and reducing HS formation. However, no studies have examined IL10-mediated autophagy during the pathological process of HS formation. Here, we examined the effect of IL10 on starvation-induced autophagy and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy in HS-derived fibroblasts (HSFs) under starvation conditions. Immunostaining and PCR analysis revealed that a specific component of the IL10 receptor, IL10 alpha-chain (IL10Rα), is expressed in HSFs. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis revealed that IL10 inhibited starvation-induced autophagy and induced the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3 in HSFs in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking IL10R, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-STAT3 using specific inhibitors (IL10RB, LY294002, rapamycin, and cryptotanshinone, respectively) showed that IL10 inhibited autophagy via IL10Rα-mediated activation of STAT3 (the IL10R-STAT3 pathway) and by directly activating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Notably, these results suggest that IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy is facilitated by the cross talk between STAT3, AKT, and mTOR; in other words, the IL10-IL10R-STAT3 and IL10-AKT-mTOR pathways. Finally, the results also indicate that mTOR-p70S6K is the molecule upon which these two pathways converge to induce IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy in starved HSFs. In summary, the findings reported herein shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying IL10-mediated inhibition of autophagy and suggest that IL10 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - S Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - D Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Wong SY, Tan MGK, Banks WA, Wong WSF, Wong PTH, Lai MKP. Andrographolide attenuates LPS-stimulated up-regulation of C-C and C-X-C motif chemokines in rodent cortex and primary astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:34. [PMID: 26860080 PMCID: PMC4748554 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Andrographolide is the major bioactive compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata, a native South Asian herb used medicinally for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to assess andrographolide’s potential utility as an anti-neuroinflammatory therapeutic. Methods The effects of andrographolide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chemokine up-regulation both in mouse cortex and in cultured primary astrocytes were measured, including cytokine profiling, gene expression, and, in cultured astrocytes, activation of putative signaling regulators. Results Orally administered andrographolide significantly attenuated mouse cortical chemokine levels from the C-C and C-X-C subfamilies. Similarly, andrographolide abrogated a range of LPS-induced chemokines as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in astrocytes. In astrocytes, the inhibitory actions of andrographolide on chemokine and TNF-α up-regulation appeared to be mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Conclusions These results suggest that andrographolide may be useful as a therapeutic for neuroinflammatory diseases, especially those characterized by chemokine dysregulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0498-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ying Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Michelle G K Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117600, Singapore. .,Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Outram, Singapore.
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117600, Singapore. .,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
| | - Peter T-H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117600, Singapore.
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Divergent endometrial inflammatory cytokine expression at peri-implantation period and after the stimulation by copper intrauterine device. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15157. [PMID: 26469146 PMCID: PMC4606814 DOI: 10.1038/srep15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial inflammation has contradictory effects. The one occurring at peri-implantation period is favourable for embryo implantation, whereas the other occurring after the stimulation by copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) prevents from embryo implantation. In this study, 8 week female ICR mice were used to investigate the endometrial inflammation, in which they were at proestrus stage (Group 1), at peri-implantation period (Group 2), and had a copper wire implanted into right uterine horn (Group 3). Cytokine array revealed that two cytokines were highly expressed in Group 2 and Group 3 as compared with Group 1, and seven cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), had selectively strong expression in Group 3. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated prominent TNF-α staining on the endometrium after Cu-IUD stimulation, and in vitro culture of human endometrial glandular cells with Cu induced TNF-α secretion. The increased TNF-α concentration enhanced in vitro THP-1 cells chemotaxis, and reduced embryo implantation rates. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokine profiles of endometrium are different between those at peri-implantation period and after Cu-IUD stimulation, and TNF-α is the one with selectively strong expression in the latter. It might account for the contradictory biological effects of endometrial inflammation.
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To WS, Aungier SR, Cartwright AJ, Ito K, Midwood KS. Potent anti-inflammatory effects of the narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor RV1088 on rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3805-16. [PMID: 25891413 PMCID: PMC4523337 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose To investigate whether a narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor RV1088, which simultaneously targets specific MAPKs, Src and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), is more effective at inhibiting inflammatory signalling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than single kinase inhibitors (SKIs). Experimental Approach elisas were used to determine the efficacy of RV1088, clinically relevant SKIs and the pharmaceutical Humira on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by activated RA synovial fibroblasts, primary human monocytes and macrophages, as well as spontaneous cytokine synthesis by synovial membrane cells from RA patients. In human macrophages, RNAi knockdown of individual kinases was used to reveal the effect of inhibition of kinase expression on cytokine synthesis. Key Results RV1088 reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 production in all individual activated cell types with low, nM, IC50s. SKIs, and combinations of SKIs, were significantly less effective than RV1088. RNAi of specific kinases in macrophages also caused only modest inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. RV1088 was also significantly more effective at inhibiting IL-6 and IL-8 production by monocytes and RA synovial fibroblasts compared with Humira. Finally, RV1088 was the only inhibitor that was effective in reducing TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis in RA synovial membrane cells with low nM IC50s. Conclusions and Implications This study demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effect of RV1088, highlighting that distinct signalling pathways drive TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 production in the different cell types found in RA joints. As such, targeting numerous signalling pathways simultaneously using RV1088 could offer a more powerful method of reducing inflammation in RA than targeting individual kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing S To
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan R Aungier
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison J Cartwright
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Kim S Midwood
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Santegoets KCM, Wenink MH, van den Berg WB, Radstake TRDJ. Fc gamma receptor IIb on GM-CSF macrophages controls immune complex mediated inhibition of inflammatory signals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110966. [PMID: 25340460 PMCID: PMC4207781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) macrophages play a major role in amplifying synovial inflammation. Important activating signals are those induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and by activated T cells. The balance between activating and inhibitory Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on macrophages might be crucial in modulating these inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to determine FcγR expression on pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (gmMφ and mMφ, respectively) and identify functional consequences on immune complex uptake and macrophage activation. METHODS Human monocytes were isolated and differentiated into gmMφ and mMφ. A full FcγR characterization of both macrophage subtypes was performed and uptake of fluorescent immune complexes (ICs) was determined. FcγRIIb isoforms were determined by qPCR. Macrophages were stimulated via different TLRs or cytokine activated T cells in the presence or absence of ICs and cytokine production was determined. Blocking studies were performed to look into the pathways involved. RESULTS mMφ expressed high levels of the activating FcγRIIa and FcγRIII and low levels of the inhibitory FcγRIIb, while the FcγR balance on gmMφ was shifted towards the inhibitory FcγRIIb. This was accompanied by a clear increase in FcγRIIb1 mRNA expression in gmMφ. This resulted in higher IC uptake by mMφ compared to gmMφ. Furthermore, FcγR-mediated stimulation of gmMφ inhibited TLR2, 3, 4 and 7/8 mediated cytokine production via FcγRIIb and PI3K signaling. In addition, gmMφ but not mMφ produced TNFα upon co-culture with cytokine activated T cells, which was reduced by IC binding to FcγRIIb. The latter was dependent on PI3K signaling and COX2. CONCLUSIONS FcγR expression patterns on gmMφ and mMφ are significantly different, which translates in clear functional differences further substantiating FcγRIIb as an interesting target for inflammation control in RA and other autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. M. Santegoets
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Wenink
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim B. van den Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy R. D. J. Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Cilfone NA, Perry CR, Kirschner DE, Linderman JJ. Multi-scale modeling predicts a balance of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 controls the granuloma environment during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68680. [PMID: 23869227 PMCID: PMC3711807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are key anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators elicited during the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Understanding the opposing effects of these mediators is difficult due to the complexity of processes acting across different spatial (molecular, cellular, and tissue) and temporal (seconds to years) scales. We take an in silico approach and use multi-scale agent based modeling of the immune response to Mtb, including molecular scale details for both TNF-α and IL-10. Our model predicts that IL-10 is necessary to modulate macrophage activation levels and to prevent host-induced tissue damage in a granuloma, an aggregate of cells that forms in response to Mtb. We show that TNF-α and IL-10 parameters related to synthesis, signaling, and spatial distribution processes control concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 in a granuloma and determine infection outcome in the long-term. We devise an overall measure of granuloma function based on three metrics - total bacterial load, macrophage activation levels, and apoptosis of resting macrophages - and use this metric to demonstrate a balance of TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations is essential to Mtb infection control, within a single granuloma, with minimal host-induced tissue damage. Our findings suggest that a balance of TNF-α and IL-10 defines a granuloma environment that may be beneficial for both host and pathogen, but perturbing the balance could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to modulate infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Cilfone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cory R. Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEK); (JJL)
| | - Jennifer J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEK); (JJL)
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