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Yamashita Y, Yasuda I, Tanaka T, Ikeda T, Terada M, Takaki M, Tsuchihashi Y, Asoh N, Ohara Y, Enany S, Kobayashi H, Matsumoto S, Morimoto K. Antigen-specific cytokine profiles for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease stage diagnosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222428. [PMID: 37520555 PMCID: PMC10380938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Controlling pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is difficult because there is no way to know the clinical stage accurately. There have been few attempts to use cell-mediated immunity for diagnosing the stage. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokine profiles of CD4+T and CD19+B cells that recognize various Mycobacterium avium-associated antigens in different clinical stages of MAC. Methods A total of 47 MAC patients at different stages based on clinical information (14 before-treatment, 16 on-treatment, and 17 after-treatment) and 17 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with specific antigens (MAV0968, 1160, 1276, and 4925), and the cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17) of CD4+/CD3+ and CD19+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The response of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α against various antigens was significantly higher in both the on-treatment and after-treatment groups than in the before-treatment group and control (P < 0.01-0.0001 and P < 0.05-0.0001). An analysis of polyfunctional T cells suggested that the presence of IL-2 is closely related to the stage after the start of treatment (P = 0.0309-P < 0.0001) and is involved in memory function. Non-Th1 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-17, showed significantly higher responses in the before-treatment group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01-0.0001). These responses were not observed with purified protein derivative (PPD). CD19+B cells showed a response similar to that of CD4+T cells. Conclusion There is a characteristic cytokine profile at each clinical stage of MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ikkoh Yasuda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toru Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koseikai Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shunkaikai Inoue Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tsuchihashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norichika Asoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ohara
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Konosuke Morimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koseikai Nijigaoka Hospital, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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2
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Nihei J, Cardillo F, Mengel J. The Blockade of Interleukin-2 During the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Reveals Its Dominant Regulatory Role. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:758273. [PMID: 34869064 PMCID: PMC8635756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.758273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas’ disease in humans. The infection activates the innate and adaptative immunity in an orchestrated immune response to control parasite growth, guaranteeing host survival. Despite an effective immune response to the parasite in the acute phase, the infection progresses to a chronic stage. The parasite infects different tissues such as peripheral neurons, the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart muscle, among many others. It is evident now that tissue-specific immune responses may develop along with anti-parasite immunity. Therefore, mechanisms to regulate immunity and to ensure tissue-specific tolerance are operating during the infection. Studying those immunoregulatory mechanisms is fundamental to improve host protection or control inflammatory reactions that may lead to pathology. The role of IL-2 during T. cruzi infection is not established. IL-2 production by T cells is strongly down-modulated early in the disease by unknown mechanisms and remains low during the chronic phase of the disease. IL-2 activates NK cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells and may be necessary to immunity development. Also, the expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells require IL-2. Thus, IL-2 may be a key cytokine involved in promoting or down-regulating immune responses, probably in a dose-dependent manner. This study blocked IL-2 during the acute T. cruzi infection by using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The results show that parasitemia and mortality rate was lower in animals treated with anti-IL-2. The percentages and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells diminished within three weeks of infection. The numbers of splenic activated/memory CD4 and CD8 splenic T cells increased during the acute infection. T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 also augmented in anti-IL-2-treated infected mice. The IL-2 blockade also increased the numbers of inflammatory cells in the heart and skeletal muscles and the amount of IL-17 produced by heart T cells. These results suggest that IL-2 might be involved in the immune regulatory response during the acute T. cruzi infection, dampening T cell activation through the expansion/maintenance of regulatory T cells and regulating IL-17 production. Therefore, the IL-2 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic purposes in acute and chronic phases of Chagas’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Nihei
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRP), Santo Antonio de Jesus, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Cardillo
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jose Mengel
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Petropolis Medical School, University Faculties Arthur Sa Earp Neto (FMP/UNIFASE), Petropolis, Brazil
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3
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Zha X, Yang S, Niu W, Tan L, Xu Y, Zeng J, Tang Y, Sun L, Pang G, Qiao S, Zhang H, Liu T, Zhao H, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Bai H. IL-27/IL-27R Mediates Protective Immunity against Chlamydial Infection by Suppressing Excessive Th17 Responses and Reducing Neutrophil Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2160-2169. [PMID: 33863788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL-12 family, has diverse influences on the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified the protective role of IL-27/IL-27R in host defense against Chlamydia muridarum respiratory infection and further investigated the immunological mechanism. Our results showed that IL-27 was involved in C. muridarum infection and that IL-27R knockout mice (WSX-1-/- mice) suffered more severe disease, with greater body weight loss, higher chlamydial loads, and more severe inflammatory reactions in the lungs than C57BL/6 wild-type mice. There were excessive IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells and many more neutrophils, neutrophil-related proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in the lungs of WSX-1-/- mice than in wild-type mice following C. muridarum infection. In addition, IL-17/IL-17A-blocking Ab treatment improved disease after C. muridarum infection in WSX-1-/- mice. Overall, we conclude that IL-27/IL-27R mediates protective immunity during chlamydial respiratory infection in mice by suppressing excessive Th17 responses and reducing neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zha
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaini Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoju Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Qiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengli Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongci Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Bai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Chauhan P, Patidar A, Sarkar A, Sharifi I, Saha B. Interleukin-27 Functional Duality Balances Leishmania Infectivity and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1573. [PMID: 32849534 PMCID: PMC7427467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-27 is a cytokine that exerts diverse effects on the cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. Chiefly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells during the early phase of Leishmania infection, IL-27 contributes to the protection against L. major infection but suppresses the protective Th1 response against L. donovani, L. infantum, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis infections, suggesting its functional duality. During the late stage of Leishmania infection, IL-27 limits the immunopathogenic reactions and tissue damages. Herein, we analyze the mechanism of the functional duality of IL-27 in the resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania infection, prompting IL-27 for anti-Leishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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5
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Acevedo GR, Girard MC, Gómez KA. The Unsolved Jigsaw Puzzle of the Immune Response in Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1929. [PMID: 30197647 PMCID: PMC6117404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi interacts with the different arms of the innate and adaptive host's immune response in a very complex and flowery manner. The history of host-parasite co-evolution has provided this protozoan with means of resisting, escaping or subverting the mechanisms of immunity and establishing a chronic infection. Despite many decades of research on the subject, the infection remains incurable, and the factors that steer chronic Chagas disease from an asymptomatic state to clinical onset are still unclear. As the relationship between T. cruzi and the host immune system is intricate, so is the amount and diversity of scientific knowledge on the matter. Many of the mechanisms of immunity are fairly well understood, but unveiling the factors that lead each of these to success or failure, within the coordinated response as a whole, requires further research. The intention behind this Review is to compile the available information on the different aspects of the immune response, with an emphasis on those phenomena that have been studied and confirmed in the human host. For ease of comprehension, it has been subdivided in sections that cover the main humoral and cell-mediated components involved therein. However, we also intend to underline that these elements are not independent, but function intimately and concertedly. Here, we summarize years of investigation carried out to unravel the puzzling interplay between the host and the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Almeida MS, Lorena VMB, Medeiros CDA, Junior WO, Cavalcanti MDGAM, Martins SM, de Morais CNL. Alternative Th17 and CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + cell frequencies increase and correlate with worse cardiac function in Chagas cardiomyopathy. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12650. [PMID: 29473686 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis has been suggested to play an important role in the clinical evolution of chronic Chagas disease; however, the immunopathologic factors involved have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells, classic Th17 cells, alternative Th17 cells and IL-17+ B cells from peripheral blood of chronic cardiac patients after in vitro stimulation with Trypanosoma cruzi soluble EPI antigen. Patients were selected and classified according to clinical evaluation of cardiac involvement: mild, B1 (CARD1) (n = 20) and severe, C (CARD2) (n = 11). Patients with the indeterminate form of CD were included as the control group A (IND) (n = 17). Blood samples were collected and cultured in the presence of EPI antigen. Cells frequency and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) were obtained by flow cytometry. Our results showed that only CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ , CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+ , CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ- and CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ cells are more frequent in patients with severe cardiac disease and correlate with worse global cardiac function. However, while indeterminate patients demonstrated a positive correlation between CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ and CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ- Th17 cells, this relationship was not observed in cardiac patients. IL-17 expression by Th17 cells and B cells correlated with disease progression. Altogether our results suggest that the clinical progression of Chagas cardiomyopathy involves worsening of inflammation and impairment of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Almeida
- Immunology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - V M B Lorena
- Immunology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC), FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - C de A Medeiros
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - W O Junior
- Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC), FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - M da G A M Cavalcanti
- Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC), FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - S M Martins
- Integrated Chagas Disease Programme (PIDC), FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil.,Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca do Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - C N L de Morais
- Immunology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
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7
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Gatto M, Oliveira LRC, De Nuzzi Dias F, Araújo Júnior JP, Lima CRG, Lordelo EP, Dos Santos RM, Kurokawa CS. Benznidazole affects expression of Th1, Th17 and Treg cytokines during acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:47. [PMID: 29255475 PMCID: PMC5727918 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with benznidazole on mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β and FoxP3 in spleen and heart tissue of BALB/c mice in the acute phase of an experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, strains JLP or Y. Methods The mRNA expression of cytokines and parasite load were assessed by q-PCR. Dependent groups were compared using Student's paired t-test and independent groups were compared using Student's unpaired t-test. Results Infection with the JLP or Y strains increased expression of IFN-γ in the heart and of IL-10 and IL-17 in the spleen and heart compared to uninfected animals. Treatment increased the expression of IFN-γ and decreased the expression of IL-17, IL-10, TGF- β and Foxp3 in spleen and heart tissue compared to untreated infected animals. Conclusion Benznidazole can induce Th1 profile in the initial of the acute phase. The treatment decreased the parasite load in both organs, although the number of parasites in Y-strain-infected mice remained high. The data suggest that benznidazole may modulate cytokine expression in infection and can be dependent of the strain. However, treatment was not fully effective in the infection provoked by Y strain, probably due to the characteristics of the strain itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gatto
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. Professor Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, 18.6186-87 SP Brazil
| | - Larissa Ragozo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda De Nuzzi Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Gonçalves Lima
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. Professor Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, 18.6186-87 SP Brazil
| | - Eliana Peresi Lordelo
- Department of Immunology, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mattos Dos Santos
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. Professor Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, 18.6186-87 SP Brazil
| | - Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Av. Professor Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, 18.6186-87 SP Brazil
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8
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Falkowski-Temporini GJ, Lopes CR, Massini PF, Brustolin CF, Ferraz FN, Sandri PF, Hernandes L, Aleixo DL, Barion TF, Esper LG, de Araújo SM. Increased of the hepatocytes and splenocytes apoptosis accompanies clinical improvement and higher survival in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and treated with highly diluted Lycopodium clavatum. Microb Pathog 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Kitada S, Kayama H, Okuzaki D, Koga R, Kobayashi M, Arima Y, Kumanogoh A, Murakami M, Ikawa M, Takeda K. BATF2 inhibits immunopathological Th17 responses by suppressing Il23a expression during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1313-1331. [PMID: 28356392 PMCID: PMC5413328 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate IL-17 responses are implicated in chronic tissue inflammation. IL-23 contributes to Trypanosoma cruzi-specific IL-17 production, but the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the IL-23-IL-17 axis during T. cruzi infection are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a novel function of BATF2 as a negative regulator of Il23a in innate immune cells. IL-17, but not IFN-γ, was more highly produced by CD4+ T cells from spleens and livers of T. cruzi-infected Batf2-/- mice than by those of wild-type mice. In this context, Batf2-/- mice showed severe multiorgan pathology despite reduced parasite burden. T. cruzi-induced IL-23 production was increased in Batf2-/- innate immune cells. The T. cruzi-induced enhanced Th17 response was abrogated in Batf2-/-Il23a-/- mice. The interaction of BATF2 with c-JUN prevented c-JUN-ATF-2 complex formation, inhibiting Il23a expression. These results demonstrate that IFN-γ-inducible BATF2 in innate immune cells controls Th17-mediated immunopathology by suppressing IL-23 production during T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kitada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Developmental Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Koga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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10
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Bonney KM, Taylor JM, Thorp EB, Epting CL, Engman DM. Depletion of regulatory T cells decreases cardiac parasitosis and inflammation in experimental Chagas disease. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1167-78. [PMID: 25576191 PMCID: PMC4336812 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi may lead to a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy known as Chagas heart disease. This disease is characterized by infiltration of the myocardium by mononuclear cells, including CD4+ T cells, together with edema, myofibrillary destruction, and fibrosis. A multifaceted systemic immune response develops that ultimately keeps parasitemia and tissue parasitosis low. T helper 1 and other pro-inflammatory T cell responses are effective at keeping levels of T. cruzi low in tissues and blood, but they may also lead to tissue inflammation when present chronically. The mechanism by which the inflammatory response is regulated in T. cruzi-infected individuals is complex, and the specific roles that Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells may play in that regulation are beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we found that depletion of Treg cells in T. cruzi-infected mice leads to reduced cardiac parasitosis and inflammation, accompanied by an augmented Th1 response early in the course of infection. This is followed by a downregulation of the Th1 response and increased Th17 response late in infection. The effect of Treg cell depletion on the Th1 and Th17 cells is not observed in mice immunized with T. cruzi in adjuvant. This suggests that Treg cells specifically regulate Th1 and Th17 cell responses during T. cruzi infection and may also be important for modulating parasite clearance and inflammation in the myocardium of T. cruzi-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bonney
- Liberal Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Ryba-Stanisławowska M, Stanisławowski M, Myśliwska J. Effector and regulatory T cell subsets in diabetes-associated inflammation. Is there a connection with ST2/IL-33 axis? Perspective. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:361-71. [PMID: 24547981 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.886198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (DM1) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which when progresses leads to the development of late vascular complications. The disease involves impairments in regulatory and effector subsets of T lymphocytes, which suppress and maintain inflammatory response, respectively. ST2/IL-33 pathway is involved in T-cell-mediated immune response and might regulate the inflammatory process in several diseases. This review presents the latest research findings regarding effector and regulatory T cell subsets in the context of inflammation accompanying DM1 with particular focus on the ST2/IL-33 network and its possible association with T cell-mediated immunity.
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Ryba-Stanisławowska M, Skrzypkowska M, Myśliwiec M, Myśliwska J. Loss of the balance between CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and CD4+IL17A+ Th17 cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:701-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Held J, Preuße C, Döser A, Richter L, Heppner FL, Stenzel W. Enhanced acute immune response in IL-12p35-/- mice is followed by accelerated distinct repair mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus-induced murine brain abscess. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:749-60. [PMID: 23532102 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine Staphylococcus aureus-mediated brain abscess comprises 2 major phases, an initial phase of cerebritis, followed by a healing phase characterized by capsule formation. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-12p35(-/-) mice were intracerebrally infected with S. aureus to induce brain abscesses. Clinical disease activity and bacterial load were monitored. The cell populations that were involved, as well as their specific mediators, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. RESULTS In the acute phase, IL-12p35(-/-) mice were protected from disease. This was associated with enhanced recruitment of granulocytes, accompanied by upregulated expression of Il17a, Csf2 (which encodes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), Cxcl1, and Cxcl5, as well as increased expression of proinflammatory mediators, including Nos2 (which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase), Ptgs2 (which encodes cyclooxygenase 2), and Tnf, that were primarily produced by granulocytes and activated microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, mechanisms associated with beneficial wound healing, including an accelerated formation of a fibrous capsule, were demonstrated by prominent VEGF-A production and collagen deposition driven by an earlier onset of T-helper 2 immunity in the absence of interleukin 12 (IL-12). CONCLUSIONS Brain abscess development is orchestrated by IL-12 at different stages of disease. Our data indicate that IL-12 has a nonprotective role in the acute phase and that IL-12 deficiency results in the accelerated formation of a protective capsule during the healing phase, which we consider crucial for early recovery from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephin Held
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Dela Cruz CS, Liu W, He CH, Jacoby A, Gornitzky A, Ma B, Flavell R, Lee CG, Elias JA. Chitinase 3-like-1 promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae killing and augments host tolerance to lung antibacterial responses. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:34-46. [PMID: 22817986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Host antibacterial responses include mechanisms that kill bacteria, but also those that protect or tolerize the host to potentially damaging antibacterial effects. We determined that Chitinase 3-like-1 (Chi3l1), a conserved prototypic chitinase-like protein, is induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae and plays central roles in promoting bacterial clearance and mediating host tolerance. S. pneumoniae-infected Chi3l1 null mice exhibit exaggerated lung injury, inflammation and hemorrhage, more frequent bacterial dissemination, decreased bacterial clearance, and enhanced mortality compared to controls. Chi3l1 augments macrophage bacterial killing by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent macrophage pyroptosis and augments host tolerance by controlling inflammasome activation, ATP accumulation, expression of ATP receptor P2X7R, and production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines. These data demonstrate that Chi3l1 is induced during infection, where it promotes bacterial clearance while simultaneously augmenting host tolerance, and that these roles likely contributed to the retention of Chi3l1 over species and evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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