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Ma Y, Lai J, Wan Q, Chen Z, Sun L, Zhang Q, Guan C, Li Q, Wu J. Identification of common mechanisms and biomarkers for dermatomyositis and atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13808. [PMID: 38899746 PMCID: PMC11187814 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis (DM) manifests as an autoimmune and inflammatory condition, clinically characterized by subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness, rashes or both along with extramuscular manifestations. Literature indicates that DM shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis (AS), and they often co-occur, yet the etiology and pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. This investigation aims to utilize bioinformatics methods to clarify the crucial genes and pathways that influence the pathophysiology of both DM and AS. METHOD Microarray datasets for DM (GSE128470, GSE1551, GSE143323) and AS (GSE100927, GSE28829, GSE43292) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to reveal their co-expressed modules. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R software, and the functions of common DEGs were determined by functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the STRING database, with central genes evaluated by the cytoHubba plugin, and validated through external datasets. Immune infiltration analysis of the hub genes was conducted using the CIBERSORT method, along with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, the NetworkAnalyst platform was employed to examine the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for regulating pivotal crosstalk genes. RESULTS Utilizing WGCNA analysis, a total of 271 overlapping genes were pinpointed. Subsequent DEG analysis revealed 34 genes that are commonly found in both DM and AS, including 31 upregulated genes and 3 downregulated genes. The Degree Centrality algorithm was applied separately to the WGCNA and DEG collections to select the 15 genes with the highest connectivity, and crossing the two gene sets yielded 3 hub genes (PTPRC, TYROBP, CXCR4). Validation with external datasets showed their diagnostic value for DM and AS. Analysis of immune infiltration indicates that lymphocytes and macrophages are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DM and AS. Moreover, GSEA analysis suggested that the shared genes are enriched in various receptor interactions and multiple cytokines and receptor signaling pathways. We coupled the 3 hub genes with their respective predicted genes, identifying a potential key TF, CBFB, which interacts with all 3 hub genes. CONCLUSION This research utilized comprehensive bioinformatics techniques to explore the shared pathogenesis of DM and AS. The three key genes, including PTPRC, TYROBP, and CXCR4, are related to the pathogenesis of DM and AS. The central genes and their correlations with immune cells may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Ma
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Junyu Lai
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Liqiang Sun
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qinhe Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qiming Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jianguang Wu
- Department of cardiovascularAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangJiangxiChina
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Chen HH, Yu YR, Hsiao YL, Chen SH, Lee CK. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Enhance T-Independent B Cell Response through a p38 MAPK-STAT1 Axis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:576-590. [PMID: 37427982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
TLR signaling in B cells triggers their activation and differentiation independent of help from T cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) cooperate with B cells to boost TLR-stimulated T-independent humoral immunity; however, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that in the mouse system, the adjuvant effects of pDCs also occurred following challenge with pathogens and that follicular (FO) B cells were more sensitive to pDC-induced enhancement than were marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Moreover, pDCs migrated to the FO zones and interacted with FO B cells upon stimulation in vivo. CXCL10, a ligand for CXCR3 expressed on pDCs, was superinduced in the coculture system and facilitated the cooperative activation of B cells. Moreover, pDCs also promoted TLR-stimulated autoantibody production in FO B and MZ B cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that type I IFN (IFN-I)-mediated JAK-STAT and Ras-MAPK pathways were highly enriched in R848-stimulated B cells cocultured with pDCs compared with B cells alone. Whereas IFN-I receptor 1 deficiency reduced pDC-enhanced B cell responses, STAT1 deficiency displayed a more pronounced defect. One of the STAT1-dependent but IFN-I-independent mechanisms was TLR-induced STAT1-S727 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK. Serine 727 to alanine mutation attenuated the synergism between pDCs and B cells. In conclusion, we uncover a molecular mechanism for pDC-enhanced B cell response and define a crucial role of the IFN-I/TLR-mediated signaling pathway through a p38 MAPK-STAT1 axis in controlling T-independent humoral immunity and providing a novel therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ru Yu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Hölken JM, Teusch N. The Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 as a Validated and Robust Surrogate Model for Human Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1452. [PMID: 36674966 PMCID: PMC9866978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have implemented an improved, cost-effective, and highly reproducible protocol for a simple and rapid differentiation of the human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 into surrogates for immature dendritic cells (iDCs) or mature dendritic cells (mDCs). The successful differentiation of THP-1 cells into iDCs was determined by high numbers of cells expressing the DC activation markers CD54 (88%) and CD86 (61%), and the absence of the maturation marker CD83. The THP-1-derived mDCs are characterized by high numbers of cells expressing CD54 (99%), CD86 (73%), and the phagocytosis marker CD11b (49%) and, in contrast to THP-1-derived iDCs, CD83 (35%) and the migration marker CXCR4 (70%). Treatment of iDCs with sensitizers, such as NiSO4 and DNCB, led to high expression of CD54 (97%/98%; GMFI, 3.0/3.2-fold induction) and CD86 (64%/96%; GMFI, 4.3/3.2-fold induction) compared to undifferentiated sensitizer-treated THP-1 (CD54, 98%/98%; CD86, 55%/96%). Thus, our iDCs are highly suitable for toxicological studies identifying potential sensitizing or inflammatory compounds. Furthermore, the expression of CD11b, CD83, and CXCR4 on our iDC and mDC surrogates could allow studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell maturation, phagocytosis, migration, and their use as therapeutic targets in various disorders, such as sensitization, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liu M, Thijssen S, Hennink WE, Garssen J, van Nostrum CF, Willemsen LM. Oral pretreatment with β-lactoglobulin derived peptide and CpG co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles prior to sensitizations attenuates cow's milk allergy development in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053107. [PMID: 36703973 PMCID: PMC9872660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy among infants. Improved hygiene conditions and loss of microbial diversity are associated with increased risk of allergy development. The intestinal immune system is essential for oral tolerance induction. In this respect, bacterial CpG DNA is known to drive Th1 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) development via Toll-Like-Receptor 9 (TLR-9) signaling, skewing away from the allergic Th2 phenotype. We aimed to induce allergen specific tolerance via oral delivery of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NP) co-encapsulated with a selected β-lactoglobulin derived peptide (BLG-Pep) and TLR-9 ligand CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG). In vivo, 3-4-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice housed in individually ventilated cages received 6-consecutive-daily gavages of either PBS, whey, BLG-Pep/NP, CpG/NP, a mixture of BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP or co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP, before 5-weekly oral sensitizations with whey plus cholera toxin (CT) or only CT (sham) and were challenged with whey 5 days after the last sensitization. The co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment, but not BLG-Pep/NP, CpG/NP or the mixture of BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP, prevented the whey-induced allergic skin reactivity and prevented rise in serum BLG-specific IgE compared to whey-sensitized mice. Importantly, co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment reduced dendritic cell (DC) activation and lowered the frequencies of PD-L1+ DC in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to whey-sensitized mice. By contrast, co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment increased the frequency of splenic PD-L1+ DC compared to the BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP recipients, in association with lower Th2 development and increased Treg/Th2 and Th1/Th2 ratios in the spleen. Oral administration of PLGA NP co-encapsulated with BLG-Pep and CpG prevented rise in serum BLG-specific IgE and symptom development while lowering splenic Th2 cell frequency in these mice which were kept under strict hygienic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshan Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Thijssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Linette E. M. Willemsen,
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Lu X, Crowley SD. Actions of Dendritic Cells in the Kidney during Hypertension. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4087-4101. [PMID: 35950656 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and immune cell populations can promote blood pressure elevation via actions in the kidney. Among these cell lineages, dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, play a central role in regulating immune response during hypertension and kidney disease. DCs have different subtypes, and renal DCs are comprised of the CD103+ CD11b- and CD103- CD11b+ subsets. DCs become mature and express costimulatory molecules on their surface once they encounter antigen. Isolevuglandin-modified proteins function as antigens to activate DCs and trigger them to stimulate T cells. Activated T cells accumulate in the hypertensive kidney, release effector cytokines, promote renal oxidative stress, and promote renal salt and water retention. Individual subsets of activated T cells can secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17A, and interferon-gamma, each of which has augmented the elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive models by enhancing renal sodium transport. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-dependent classical DCs are required to sustain the full hypertensive response, but C-X3 -C chemokine receptor 1 positive DCs do not regulate blood pressure. Excess sodium enters the DC through transporters to activate DCs, whereas the ubiquitin editor A20 in dendritic cells constrains blood pressure elevation by limiting T cell activation. By contrast, activation of the salt sensing kinase, serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 in DCs exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension. This article discusses recent studies illustrating mechanisms through which DC-T cell interactions modulate levels of pro-hypertensive mediators to regulate blood pressure via actions in the kidney. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-15, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Dendritic cell migration in inflammation and immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2461-2471. [PMID: 34302064 PMCID: PMC8298985 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity and play crucial roles in both the promotion of immune defense and the maintenance of immune tolerance. The trafficking of distinct DC subsets across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues is essential for DC-dependent activation and regulation of inflammation and immunity. DC chemotaxis and migration are triggered by interactions between chemokines and their receptors and regulated by multiple intracellular mechanisms, such as protein modification, epigenetic reprogramming, metabolic remodeling, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, in a tissue-specific manner. Dysregulation of DC migration may lead to abnormal positioning or activation of DCs, resulting in an imbalance of immune responses and even immune pathologies, including autoimmune responses, infectious diseases, allergic diseases and tumors. New strategies targeting the migration of distinct DC subsets are being explored for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases and the development of novel DC-based vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the migratory routes and immunological consequences of distinct DC subsets, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of migratory signaling in DCs, and the association of DC migration with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Ghilas S, Ambrosini M, Cancel JC, Brousse C, Massé M, Lelouard H, Dalod M, Crozat K. Natural killer cells and dendritic epidermal γδ T cells orchestrate type 1 conventional DC spatiotemporal repositioning toward CD8 + T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103059. [PMID: 34568787 PMCID: PMC8449251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful immune responses rely on a regulated delivery of the right signals to the right cells at the right time. Here we show that natural killer (NK) and dendritic epidermal γδ T cells (DETCs) use similar mechanisms to spatiotemporally orchestrate conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) functions in the spleen, skin, and its draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Upon MCMV infection in the spleen, cDC1 clusterize with activated NK cells in marginal zones. This XCR1-dependent repositioning of cDC1 toward NK cells allows contact delivery of IL-12 and IL-15/IL-15Rα by cDC1, which is critical for NK cell responses. NK cells deliver granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to cDC1, guiding their CCR7-dependent relocalization into the T cell zone. In MCMV-infected skin, XCL1-secreting DETCs promote cDC1 migration from the skin to the dLNs. This XCR1-dependent licensing of cDC1 both in the spleen and skin accelerates antiviral CD8+ T cell responses, revealing an additional mechanism through which cDC1 bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Upon viral infection in the spleen, NK cells clusterize with cDC1 in the marginal zone This XCL1/XCR1-dependent interaction allows mutual delivery of activating signals NK cell GM-CSF directs cDC1 migration to T cell zone boosting CD8+ T cell priming In the skin, DETCs contact cDC1 via XCL1/XCR1 to promote antiviral CD8+ T cell priming
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Ambrosini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Cancel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Brousse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Massé
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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Ives A, Le Roy D, Théroude C, Bernhagen J, Roger T, Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes the migration of dendritic cells through CD74 and the activation of the Src/PI3K/myosin II pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21418. [PMID: 33774873 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001605r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively expressed by innate immune cells, the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) initiates host immune responses and drives pathogenic responses in infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) express high levels of MIF, but the role of MIF in DC function remains poorly characterized. As migration is critical for DC immune surveillance, we investigated whether MIF promoted the migration of DCs. In classical transwell experiments, MIF-/- bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) or MIF+/+ BMDCs treated with ISO-1, an inhibitor of MIF, showed markedly reduced spontaneous migration and chemotaxis. CD74-/- BMDCs that are deficient in the ligand-binding component of the cognate MIF receptor exhibited a migration defect similar to that of MIF-/- BMDCs. Adoptive transfer experiments of LPS-matured MIF+/+ and MIF-/- and of CD74+/+ and CD74-/- BMDCs injected into the hind footpads of homologous or heterologous mice showed that the autocrine and paracrine MIF activity acting via CD74 contributed to the recruitment of DCs to the draining lymph nodes. Mechanistically, MIF activated the Src/PI3K signaling pathway and myosin II complexes, which were required for the migration of BMDCs. Altogether, these data show that the cytokine MIF exerts chemokine-like activity for DC motility and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ives
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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CXCR4 signaling controls dendritic cell location and activation at steady state and in inflammation. Blood 2021; 137:2770-2784. [PMID: 33512478 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) encompass several cell subsets that collaborate to initiate and regulate immune responses. Proper DC localization determines their function and requires the tightly controlled action of chemokine receptors. All DC subsets express CXCR4, but the genuine contribution of this receptor to their biology has been overlooked. We addressed this question using natural CXCR4 mutants resistant to CXCL12-induced desensitization and harboring a gain of function that cause the warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome (WS), a rare immunodeficiency associated with high susceptibility to the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV). We report a reduction in the number of circulating plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in WHIM patients, whereas that of conventional DCs is preserved. This pattern was reproduced in an original mouse model of WS, enabling us to show that the circulating pDC defect can be corrected upon CXCR4 blockade and that pDC differentiation and function are preserved, despite CXCR4 dysfunction. We further identified proper CXCR4 signaling as a critical checkpoint for Langerhans cell and DC migration from the skin to lymph nodes, with corollary alterations of their activation state and tissue inflammation in a model of HPV-induced dysplasia. Beyond providing new hypotheses to explain the susceptibility of WHIM patients to HPV pathogenesis, this study shows that proper CXCR4 signaling establishes a migration threshold that controls DC egress from CXCL12-containing environments and highlights the critical and subset-specific contribution of CXCR4 signal termination to DC biology.
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Adachi A, Honda T, Dainichi T, Egawa G, Yamamoto Y, Nomura T, Nakajima S, Otsuka A, Maekawa M, Mano N, Koyanagi N, Kawaguchi Y, Ohteki T, Nagasawa T, Ikuta K, Kitoh A, Kabashima K. Prolonged high-intensity exercise induces fluctuating immune responses to herpes simplex virus infection via glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1575-1588.e7. [PMID: 33965431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the influence of a single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise on viral infection. OBJECTIVE We sought to learn whether prolonged high-intensity exercise either exacerbates or ameliorates herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection according to the interval between virus exposure and exercise. METHODS Mice were intravaginally infected with HSV-2 and exposed to run on the treadmill. RESULTS Prolonged high-intensity exercise 17 hours after infection impaired the clearance of HSV-2, while exercise 8 hours after infection enhanced the clearance of HSV-2. These impaired or enhanced immune responses were related to a transient decrease or increase in the number of blood-circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Exercise-induced glucocorticoids transiently decreased the number of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells by facilitating their homing to the bone marrow via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, which led to their subsequent increase in the blood. CONCLUSION A single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise can be either deleterious or beneficial to antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Koyanagi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, the Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.
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11
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Schnappauf O, Heale L, Dissanayake D, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Leto TL, Kastner DL, Malech HL, Kuhns DB, Aksentijevich I, Laxer RM. Homozygous variant p. Arg90His in NCF1 is associated with early-onset Interferonopathy: a case report. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:54. [PMID: 33892719 PMCID: PMC8063424 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic loss-of-function variants in NCF1 lead to reactive oxygen species deficiency and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Heterozygosity for the p.Arg90His variant in NCF1 has been associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome in adult patients. This study demonstrates the association of the homozygous p.Arg90His variant with interferonopathy with features of autoinflammation and autoimmunity in a pediatric patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year old female of Indian ancestry with early-onset recurrent fever and headache, and persistently elevated antinuclear, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies was found to carry the homozygous p.Arg90His variant in NCF1 through exome sequencing. Her unaffected parents and three other siblings were carriers for the mutant allele. Because the presence of two NCF1 pseudogenes, this variant was confirmed by independent genotyping methods. Her intracellular neutrophil oxidative burst and NCF1 expression levels were normal, and no clinical features of CGD were apparent. Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood detected an interferon gene expression signature, which was further supported by cytokine analyses of supernatants of cultured patient's cells. These findings suggested that her inflammatory disease is at least in part mediated by type I interferons. While her fever episodes responded well to systemic steroids, treatment with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib resulted in decreased serum ferritin levels and reduced frequency of fevers. CONCLUSION Homozygosity for p.Arg90His in NCF1 should be considered contributory in young patients with an atypical systemic inflammatory antecedent phenotype that may evolve into autoimmunity later in life. The complex genomic organization of NCF1 poses a difficulty for high-throughput genotyping techniques and variants in this gene should be carefully evaluated when using the next generation and Sanger sequencing technologies. The p.Arg90His variant is found at a variable allele frequency in different populations, and is higher in people of South East Asian ancestry. In complex genetic diseases such as SLE, other rare and common susceptibility alleles might be necessary for the full disease expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Liane Heale
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dilan Dissanayake
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wanxia L. Tsai
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Thomas L. Leto
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Daniel L. Kastner
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Ronald M. Laxer
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Ye Y, Gaugler B, Mohty M, Malard F. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell biology and its role in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1139. [PMID: 32489664 PMCID: PMC7248678 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of dendritic cells specialised in secreting high levels of type I interferons. pDCs play a crucial role in antiviral immunity and have been implicated in the initiation and development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review summarises the latest advances in recent years in several aspects of pDC biology, with special focus on pDC heterogeneity, pDC development via the lymphoid pathway, and newly identified proteins/pathways involved in pDC trafficking, nucleic acid sensing and interferon production. Finally, we also highlight the current understanding of pDC involvement in autoimmunity and alloreactivity, and opportunities for pDC‐targeting therapies in these diseases. These new insights have contributed to answers to several fundamental questions remaining in pDC biology and may pave the way to successful pDC‐targeting therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ye
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Florent Malard
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Sorbonne Université Paris France
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13
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Jamali A, Harris DL, Blanco T, Lopez MJ, Hamrah P. Resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells patrol vessels in the naïve limbus and conjunctiva. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:277-285. [PMID: 32109562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a unique population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a pivotal role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. While peripheral tissues are typically devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues do host resident pDCs. In the current study, we aim to assess presence and distribution of pDCs in naïve murine limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. Immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal microscopy revealed that the naïve bulbar conjunctiva of wild-type mice hosts CD45+ CD11clow PDCA-1+ pDCs. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of resident pDCs in the bulbar conjunctiva through multiple additional markers, and showed that they express maturation markers, the T cell co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and B7-H3, and minor to negligible levels of T cell co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD86, and ICAM-1. Epi-fluorescent microscopy of DPE-GFP×RAG1-/- transgenic mice with GFP-tagged pDCs indicated lower density of pDCs in the bulbar conjunctiva compared to the limbus. Further, intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed that resident pDCs accompany the limbal vessels and patrol the intravascular space. In vitro multiphoton microscopy showed that pDCs are attracted to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and interact with them during tube formation. In conclusion, our study shows that the limbus and bulbar conjunctiva are endowed with resident pDCs during steady state, which express maturation and classic T cell co-inhibitory molecules, engulf limbal vessels, and patrol intravascular spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria J Lopez
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Monti M, Consoli F, Vescovi R, Bugatti M, Vermi W. Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32054102 PMCID: PMC7072514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients has remained poor for a long time. However, the recent introduction of effective target therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAFV600-mutated MM) and immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) has significantly improved the survival of MM patients. Notably, all these responses are highly dependent on the fitness of the host immune system, including the innate compartment. Among immune cells involved in cancer immunity, properly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an important role, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses and directly eliminating cancer cells. A distinctive feature of pDCs is the production of high amount of type I Interferon (I-IFN), through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 signaling pathway activation. However, published data indicate that melanoma-associated escape mechanisms are in place to hijack pDC functions. We have recently reported that pDC recruitment is recurrent in the early phases of melanoma, but the entire pDC compartment collapses over melanoma progression. Here, we summarize recent advances on pDC biology and function within the context of melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Lämmermann T, Kastenmüller W. Concepts of GPCR-controlled navigation in the immune system. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:205-231. [PMID: 30977203 PMCID: PMC6487968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G‐protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is essential for the spatiotemporal control of leukocyte dynamics during immune responses. For efficient navigation through mammalian tissues, most leukocyte types express more than one GPCR on their surface and sense a wide range of chemokines and chemoattractants, leading to basic forms of leukocyte movement (chemokinesis, haptokinesis, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and chemorepulsion). How leukocytes integrate multiple GPCR signals and make directional decisions in lymphoid and inflamed tissues is still subject of intense research. Many of our concepts on GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation in the presence of multiple GPCR signals derive from in vitro chemotaxis studies and lower vertebrates. In this review, we refer to these concepts and critically contemplate their relevance for the directional movement of several leukocyte subsets (neutrophils, T cells, and dendritic cells) in the complexity of mouse tissues. We discuss how leukocyte navigation can be regulated at the level of only a single GPCR (surface expression, competitive antagonism, oligomerization, homologous desensitization, and receptor internalization) or multiple GPCRs (synergy, hierarchical and non‐hierarchical competition, sequential signaling, heterologous desensitization, and agonist scavenging). In particular, we will highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation by intravital microscopy of immune cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Narsale A, Moya R, Ma J, Anderson LJ, Wu D, Garcia JM, Davies JD. Cancer-driven changes link T cell frequency to muscle strength in people with cancer: a pilot study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:827-843. [PMID: 30977974 PMCID: PMC6711422 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour growth can promote the loss of muscle mass and function. This is particularly disturbing because overall survival is significantly reduced in people with weaker and smaller skeletal muscle. The risk of cancer is also greater in people who are immune deficient. Muscle wasting in mice with cancer can be inhibited by infusion of CD4+ precursor T cells that restore balanced ratios of naïve, memory, and regulatory T cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that stronger anti-cancer T cell immunity leads to improved muscle mass and function. As a first step to testing this hypothesis, we determined whether levels of circulating T cell subsets correlate with levels of muscle strength in people with cancer. METHODS The frequency of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ naïve, memory, and regulatory T cell subsets was quantified in 11 men with gastrointestinal cancer (aged 59.3 ± 10.1 years) and nine men without cancer (aged 60 ± 13 years), using flow cytometry. T cell marker expression was determined using real-time PCR and western blot analyses in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Handgrip strength, one-repetition maximum chest press, and knee extension tests were used to determine muscle strength. Performance was determined using a stair climb test. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The Karnofsky and ECOG scales were used to assess functional impairment. Correlations between frequencies of cell subsets with strength, performance, and body composition were determined using regression analyses. RESULTS Our data show significant correlations between (i) higher frequencies of CD8+ naïve (P = 0.02) and effector memory (P = 0.003) T cells and lower frequencies of CD8+ central memory T cells (P = 0.002) with stronger handgrip strength, (ii) lower frequency of regulatory cells with greater lean mass index (P = 0.04), (iii) lower frequency of CD8+ T cells that express CD95 with greater stair climb power (P = 0.003), (iv) higher frequency of T cells that co-express CD197 and CD45RA and greater one-repetition maximum knee extension strength (P = 0.008), and (iv) higher expression of CD4 in whole blood with greater functional impairment (P = 0.004) in people with cancer. CONCLUSIONS We have identified significant correlations between levels of T cell populations and muscle strength, performance, and body composition in people with cancer. These data justify a follow-up study with a larger cohort to test the validity of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Narsale
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Rosa Moya
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Jasmin Ma
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Lindsey J Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Wu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oncology Section, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose M Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Rhodes JW, Tong O, Harman AN, Turville SG. Human Dendritic Cell Subsets, Ontogeny, and Impact on HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1088. [PMID: 31156637 PMCID: PMC6532592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in orchestrating host immunity against invading pathogens, representing one of the first responders to infection by mucosal invaders. From their discovery by Ralph Steinman in the 1970s followed shortly after with descriptions of their in vivo diversity and distribution by Derek Hart, we are still continuing to progressively elucidate the spectrum of DCs present in various anatomical compartments. With the power of high-dimensional approaches such as single-cell sequencing and multiparameter cytometry, recent studies have shed new light on the identities and functions of DC subtypes. Notable examples include the reclassification of plasmacytoid DCs as purely interferon-producing cells and re-evaluation of intestinal conventional DCs and macrophages as derived from monocyte precursors. Collectively, these observations have changed how we view these cells not only in steady-state immunity but also during disease and infection. In this review, we will discuss the current landscape of DCs and their ontogeny, and how this influences our understanding of their roles during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake William Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orion Tong
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Nicholas Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Applied Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Grant Turville
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kirby Institute, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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18
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Kafaja S, Valera I, Divekar AA, Saggar R, Abtin F, Furst DE, Khanna D, Singh RR. pDCs in lung and skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced model and patients with systemic sclerosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98380. [PMID: 29720568 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end result of most inflammatory conditions, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We demonstrate that, in animals and humans with systemic fibrosis, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are unaffected or are reduced systemically (spleen/peripheral blood), but they increase in the affected organs (lungs/skin/bronchoalveolar lavage). A pivotal role of pDCs was shown by depleting them in vivo, which ameliorated skin and/or lung fibrosis, reduced immune cell infiltration in the affected organs but not in spleen, and reduced the expression of genes and proteins implicated in chemotaxis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the affected organs of animals with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. As with animal findings, the frequency of pDCs in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis correlated with the severity of lung disease and with the frequency of CD4+ and IL-4+ T cells in the lung. Finally, treatment with imatinib that has been reported to reduce and/or prevent deterioration of skin and lung fibrosis profoundly reduced pDCs in lungs but not in peripheral blood of patients with systemic sclerosis. These observations suggest a role for pDCs in the pathogenesis of systemic fibrosis and identify the increased trafficking of pDCs to the affected organs as a potential therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Kafaja
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory.,Division of Rheumatology
| | - Isela Valera
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory.,Division of Rheumatology
| | | | - Rajan Saggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory.,Division of Rheumatology.,Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Tiberio L, Del Prete A, Schioppa T, Sozio F, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Chemokine and chemotactic signals in dendritic cell migration. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:346-352. [PMID: 29563613 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells responsible for the activation of specific T-cell responses and for the development of immune tolerance. Immature DCs reside in peripheral tissues and specialize in antigen capture, whereas mature DCs reside mostly in the secondary lymphoid organs where they act as antigen-presenting cells. The correct localization of DCs is strictly regulated by a large variety of chemotactic and nonchemotactic signals that include bacterial products, DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns), complement proteins, lipids, and chemokines. These signals function both individually and in concert, generating a complex regulatory network. This network is regulated at multiple levels through different strategies, such as synergistic interactions, proteolytic processing, and the actions of atypical chemokine receptors. Understanding this complex scenario will help to clarify the role of DCs in different pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers and will uncover new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.
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20
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Aiello A, Giannessi F, Percario ZA, Affabris E. The involvement of plasmacytoid cells in HIV infection and pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:77-89. [PMID: 29588163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique dendritic cell subset that are specialized in type I interferon (IFN) production. pDCs are key players in the antiviral immune response and serve as bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Although pDCs do not represent the main reservoir of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), they are a crucial subset in HIV infection as they influence viral transmission, target cell infection and antigen presentation. pDCs act as inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells, thus contributing to HIV disease progression. This review provides a state of art analysis of the interactions between HIV and pDCs and their potential roles in HIV transmission, chronic immune activation and immunosuppression. A thorough understanding of the roles of pDCs in HIV infection will help to improve therapeutic strategies to fight HIV infection, and will further increase our knowledge on this important immune cell subset.
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21
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Golub R, Tan J, Watanabe T, Brendolan A. Origin and Immunological Functions of Spleen Stromal Cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:503-514. [PMID: 29567327 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian spleen is a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays a central role in host defense. Consequently, the lack of spleen is often associated with immunodeficiency and increased risk of overwhelming infections. Growing evidence suggests that non-hematopoietic stromal cells are central players in spleen development, organization, and immune functions. In addition to its immunological role, the spleen also provides a site for extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in response to injuries. A deeper understanding of the biology of stromal cells is therefore essential to fully comprehend how these cells modulate the immune system during normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review the specificities of the different mouse spleen stromal cell subsets and complement the murine studies with human data when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golub
- Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, INSERM U1223, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Jonathan Tan
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrea Brendolan
- Unit of Lymphoid Organ Development, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Role of the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR7 in the intramuscular recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in dermatomyositis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:142-148. [PMID: 29366593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To explore the possible mechanism implicated in the recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), we investigated the expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7 on intramuscular and circulating pDCs from patients with dermatomyositis (DM). Using immunohistochemistry, preferential expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR7 was identified in the perivascular inflammatory infiltrates within the perimysium in DM muscle. Western-blot analysis showed marked up-regulation of expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR7 in muscle homogenate from patients with DM compared with that in non-diseased controls. Co-localization of CD303+ pDCs with these chemokine receptors was further examined by double immunofluorescence staining, which showed extensive co-localization of CD303 with CXCR3/CXCR4/CCR7 in DM biopsies. Flow cytometry was then used to investigate the proportion of pDCs among the total PBMCs and the expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR7 on circulating pDCs. The proportion of CD123+CD303+ pDCs in peripheral blood from DM patients was markedly decreased compared to that from polymyositis (PM) patients and normal controls. Significantly increased expression of CXCR3, but not CXCR4 or CCR7, was further identified on circulating pDCs in DM. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of CXCR3 correlated inversely with the frequency of pDCs in peripheral blood. Our findings indicate that the chemokine receptors, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR7 may be involved in the recruitment of pDCs from peripheral blood to muscle tissues in DM via different mechanisms, and in which CXCR3 may play an important role under DM conditions.
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Acetylation Modification Improves Immunoregulatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate effects of acetylated Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides (Ac-PLCPs) on their immunoregulatory activities in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) model. Influences of natural Plantago asiatica L. crude polysaccharide (PLCP) and Ac-PLCPs on inducing phenotypic and functional maturation on DCs were determined. The results showed that Ac-PLCPs with degree of substitution (DS) from 0.06 to 0.1 could not only stimulate the expression of surface molecules major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), and CD80 on DCs (P<0.01) but also increase the secretion of cytokine IL-12p70 (P<0.01). The endocytosis activity of DCs was attenuated by Ac-PLCPs treatment (P<0.01), while the mRNA expressions of chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 in DCs were significantly increased (P<0.01). Besides, DCs treated with the Ac-PLCPs showed extremely strong T cell proliferation stimulating activity (P<0.01). These data showed that Ac-PLCPs had higher maturation-stimulating activity on DCs than PLCP, which indicated that acetylation modification improved the immunoregulatory effect of PLCP.
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Kobayashi D, Endo M, Ochi H, Hojo H, Miyasaka M, Hayasaka H. Regulation of CCR7-dependent cell migration through CCR7 homodimer formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8536. [PMID: 28819198 PMCID: PMC5561199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 contributes to various physiological and pathological processes including T cell maturation, T cell migration from the blood into secondary lymphoid tissues, and tumor cell metastasis to lymph nodes. Although a previous study suggested that the efficacy of CCR7 ligand-dependent T cell migration correlates with CCR7 homo- and heterodimer formation, the exact extent of contribution of the CCR7 dimerization remains unclear. Here, by inducing or disrupting CCR7 dimers, we demonstrated a direct contribution of CCR7 homodimerization to CCR7-dependent cell migration and signaling. Induction of stable CCR7 homodimerization resulted in enhanced CCR7-dependent cell migration and CCL19 binding, whereas induction of CXCR4/CCR7 heterodimerization did not. In contrast, dissociation of CCR7 homodimerization by a novel CCR7-derived synthetic peptide attenuated CCR7-dependent cell migration, ligand-dependent CCR7 internalization, ligand-induced actin rearrangement, and Akt and Erk signaling in CCR7-expressing cells. Our study indicates that CCR7 homodimerization critically regulates CCR7 ligand-dependent cell migration and intracellular signaling in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan
| | - Masataka Endo
- Laboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ochi
- Laboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruko Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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25
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Turner VM, Mabbott NA. Influence of ageing on the microarchitecture of the spleen and lymph nodes. Biogerontology 2017; 18:723-738. [PMID: 28501894 PMCID: PMC5597693 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The elderly have a decreased response to vaccination and an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. The spleen and lymph nodes are important secondary lymphoid organs where immune cells can rapidly respond to pathogenic material in the blood and lymph in order to mount long-term adaptive immune responses to those pathogens. In aged mice and humans structural changes occur to both the spleen and lymph nodes. These structural changes affect the functioning of the immune cells within, which may ultimate result in less effective or decreased immune responses. This review describes our current understanding of the structural changes that occur to the spleen and lymph nodes of elderly mice. However, where data are available, we also discuss whether similar changes occur in tissues from elderly humans. A particular focus is made on how these structural changes are considered to impact on the functioning of the immune cells within. The world’s population is currently living longer than ever before. The increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases in the elderly has the potential to have a significant impact on the health care system if solutions are not identified. A thorough understanding of the molecular causes of these ageing-related structural changes to the spleen and lymph nodes may help to identify novel treatments that could repair them, and in doing so, improve immune responses and vaccine efficacy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Turner
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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26
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Dendritic cells derived exosomes migration to spleen and induction of inflammation are regulated by CCR7. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42996. [PMID: 28223684 PMCID: PMC5320445 DOI: 10.1038/srep42996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature dendritic cells (DCs) home to secondary lymphoid organs through CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). Exosomes derived from DCs (DC-exos) are reported to migrate to spleen and induce inflammation in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that mature bone marrow DC-exos can activate immature DC and T cells in vitro. Then we intravenously injected DC-exos into C57BL/6 mice, observing that mature DC-exos accumulated more in spleen than immature DC-exos. These DC-exos in spleen could be uptaken by splenetic DCs and T cells and induce an inflammatory response. We further showed that the increased accumulation of mature DC-exos in spleen was regulated by CCR7, whose reduction led to a decrease of accumulation in spleen and attenuated inflammatory response in serum. These data provide us a new perspective to comprehensively understand exosomes, which might inherit some special functions from their parent cells and exert these functions in vivo.
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27
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TAKEDA A, SASAKI N, MIYASAKA M. The molecular cues regulating immune cell trafficking. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:183-195. [PMID: 28413196 PMCID: PMC5489428 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte recirculation between the blood and the lymphoid/non-lymphoid tissues is an essential homeostatic mechanism that regulates humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo. This system promotes the encounter of naïve T and B cells with their specific cognate antigen presented by dendritic cells, and with the regulatory cells with which they need to interact to initiate, maintain, and terminate immune responses. The constitutive lymphocyte trafficking is mediated by particular types of blood vessels, including the high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and the flat-walled venules in non-lymphoid tissues including the skin. The lymphocyte migration across HEVs involves tethering/rolling, arrest/firm adhesion/intraluminal crawling, and transendothelial migration. On the other hand, relatively little is known about how lymphocytes and other types of cells migrate across the venules of non-lymphoid tissues. Here we summarize recent findings about the molecular mechanisms that govern immune cell trafficking, including the roles of chemokines and lysophospholipids in regulating immune cell motility and endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira TAKEDA
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Naoko SASAKI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki MIYASAKA
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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28
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Gregor CE, Foeng J, Comerford I, McColl SR. Chemokine-Driven CD4 + T Cell Homing: New Concepts and Recent Advances. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:119-181. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Elgueta R, Tse D, Deharvengt SJ, Luciano MR, Carriere C, Noelle RJ, Stan RV. Endothelial Plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein Regulates the Homeostasis of Splenic Immature B Cells and B-1 B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3970-3981. [PMID: 27742829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) is an endothelial protein with roles in endothelial diaphragm formation and maintenance of basal vascular permeability. At the same time, Plvap has roles in immunity by facilitating leukocyte diapedesis at inflammatory sites and controlling peripheral lymph node morphogenesis and the entry of soluble Ags into lymph node conduits. Based on its postulated role in diapedesis, we have investigated the role of Plvap in hematopoiesis and show that deletion of Plvap results in a dramatic decrease of IgM+IgDlo B cells in both the spleen and the peritoneal cavity. Tissue-specific deletion of Plvap demonstrates that the defect is B cell extrinsic, because B cell and pan-hematopoietic Plvap deletion has no effect on IgM+IgDlo B cell numbers. Endothelial-specific deletion of Plvap in the embryo or at adult stage recapitulates the full Plvap knockout phenotype, whereas endothelial-specific reconstitution of Plvap under the Chd5 promoter rescues the IgM+IgDlo B cell phenotype. Taken together, these results show that Plvap expression in endothelial cells is important in the maintenance of IgM+ B cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Elgueta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Tse
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Sophie J Deharvengt
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Marcus R Luciano
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Catherine Carriere
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; .,Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
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30
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Schulz O, Hammerschmidt SI, Moschovakis GL, Förster R. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Lymphoid Tissue Dynamics. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:203-42. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schulz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | | | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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31
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived IFNα modulates Th17 differentiation during early Bordetella pertussis infection in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:777-86. [PMID: 26462419 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis). T helper 17 (Th17) cells have a central role in the resolution of the infection. Emerging studies document that type I interferons (IFNs) suppress Th17 differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 responses in models of infection and chronic inflammation. As plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a major source of type I IFNs, we hypothesize that during B. pertussis infection in mice, pDC-derived IFNα inhibits a rapid increase in Th17 cells. We found that IFNα-secreting pDCs appear in the lungs during the early stages of infection, while a robust rise of Th17 cells in the lungs is detected at 15 days post-infection or later. The presence of IFNα led to reduced Th17 differentiation and proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo blocking of IFNα produced by pDCs during infection with B. pertussis infection resulted in early increase of Th17 frequency, inflammation, and reduced bacterial loads in the airways of infected mice. Taken together, the experiments reported here describe an inhibitory role for pDCs and pDC-derived IFNα in modulating Th17 responses during the early stages of B. pertussis infection, which may explain the prolonged nature of whooping cough.
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32
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Liu X, Welf ES, Haugh JM. Linking morphodynamics and directional persistence of T lymphocyte migration. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2014.1412. [PMID: 25904526 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response, and their directed migration is essential for homing to sites of antigen presentation. Like neutrophils, T lymphocytes are rapidly moving cells that exhibit amoeboid movement, characterized by a definitive polarity with F-actin concentrated at the front and myosin II elsewhere. In this study, we used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to monitor the cells' areas of contact with a surface presenting adhesive ICAM-1 and the chemokine, CXCL12/SDF-1. Our analysis reveals that T-cell migration and reorientation are achieved by bifurcation and lateral separation of protrusions along the leading membrane edge, followed by cessation of one of the protrusions, which acts as a pivot for cell turning. We show that the distribution of bifurcation frequencies exhibits characteristics of a random, spontaneous process; yet, the waiting time between bifurcation events depends on whether or not the pivot point remains on the same side of the migration axis. Our analysis further suggests that switching of the dominant protrusion between the two sides of the migration axis is associated with persistent migration, whereas the opposite is true of cell turning. To help explain the bifurcation phenomenon and how distinct migration behaviours might arise, a spatio-temporal, stochastic model describing F-actin dynamics is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaji Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Erik S Welf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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33
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Rodda LB, Bannard O, Ludewig B, Nagasawa T, Cyster JG. Phenotypic and Morphological Properties of Germinal Center Dark Zone Cxcl12-Expressing Reticular Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4781-91. [PMID: 26453751 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is divided into a dark zone (DZ) and a light zone (LZ). GC B cells must cycle between these zones to achieve efficient Ab affinity maturation. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are well characterized for their role in supporting B cell Ag encounter in primary follicles and in the GC LZ. However, the properties of stromal cells supporting B cells in the DZ are relatively unexplored. Recent work identified a novel stromal population of Cxcl12-expressing reticular cells (CRCs) in murine GC DZs. In this article, we report that CRCs have diverse morphologies, appearing in open and closed networks, with variable distribution in lymphoid tissue GCs. CRCs are also present in splenic and peripheral lymph node primary follicles. Real-time two-photon microscopy of Peyer's patch GCs demonstrates B cells moving in close association with CRC processes. CRCs are gp38(+) with low to undetectable expression of FDC markers, but CRC-like cells in the DZ are lineage marked, along with FDCs and fibroblastic reticular cells, by CD21-Cre- and Ccl19-Cre-directed fluorescent reporters. In contrast to FDCs, CRCs do not demonstrate dependence on lymphotoxin or TNF for chemokine expression or network morphology. CRC distribution in the DZ does require CXCR4 signaling, which is necessary for GC B cells to access the DZ and likely to interact with CRC processes. Our findings establish CRCs as a major stromal cell type in the GC DZ and suggest that CRCs support critical activities of GC B cells in the DZ niche through Cxcl12 expression and direct cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Rodda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Oliver Bannard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143;
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Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that are characterized by a type I IFN signature. However, pDCs can also induce tolerogenic immune responses. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field of pDC biology, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of pDCs, the pathways involved in their sensing of pathogens and endogenous nucleic acids, their functions at mucosal sites, and their roles in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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35
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Hayasaka H, Kobayashi D, Yoshimura H, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Miyasaka M. The HIV-1 Gp120/CXCR4 axis promotes CCR7 ligand-dependent CD4 T cell migration: CCR7 homo- and CCR7/CXCR4 hetero-oligomer formation as a possible mechanism for up-regulation of functional CCR7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117454. [PMID: 25688986 PMCID: PMC4331524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, enhanced migration of infected cells to lymph nodes leads to efficient propagation of HIV-1. The selective chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR7, may play a role in this process, yet the viral factors regulating chemokine-dependent T cell migration remain relatively unclear. The functional cooperation between the CXCR4 ligand chemokine CXCL12 and the CCR7 ligand chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 enhances CCR7-dependent T cell motility in vitro as well as cell trafficking into the lymph nodes in vivo. In this study, we report that a recombinant form of a viral CXCR4 ligand, X4-tropic HIV-1 gp120, enhanced the CD4 T cell response to CCR7 ligands in a manner dependent on CXCR4 and CD4, and that this effect was recapitulated by HIV-1 virions. HIV-1 gp120 significantly enhanced CCR7-dependent CD4 T cell migration from the footpad of mice to the draining lymph nodes in in vivo transfer experiments. We also demonstrated that CXCR4 expression is required for stable CCR7 expression on the CD4 T cell surface, whereas CXCR4 signaling facilitated CCR7 ligand binding to the cell surface and increased the level of CCR7 homo- as well as CXCR4/CCR7 hetero-oligomers without affecting CCR7 expression levels. Our findings indicate that HIV-evoked CXCR4 signaling promotes CCR7-dependent CD4 T cell migration by up-regulating CCR7 function, which is likely to be induced by increased formation of CCR7 homo- and CXCR4/CCR7 hetero-oligomers on the surface of CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- MediCity Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
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36
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Role of G protein-coupled receptors in control of dendritic cell migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:738253. [PMID: 24734242 PMCID: PMC3966334 DOI: 10.1155/2014/738253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells. The migratory properties of DCs give them the capacity to be a sentinel of the body and the vital role in the induction and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms in control of migration of DCs to lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. This may provide us novel insight into the clinical treatment of diseases such as autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and tumor. The chemotactic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) play a vital role in control of DCs migration. Here, we reviewed the recent advances regarding the role of GPCR in control of migration of subsets of DCs, with a focus on the chemokine receptors. Understanding subsets of DCs migration could provide a rational basis for the design of novel therapies in various clinical conditions.
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Chiang EY, Johnston RJ, Grogan JL. EBI2 is a negative regulator of type I interferons in plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83457. [PMID: 24386204 PMCID: PMC3873289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus induced receptor 2 (EBI2), a Gαi-coupled G protein-coupled receptor, is a chemotactic receptor for B, T and dendritic cells (DC). Genetic studies have also implicated EBI2 as a regulator of an interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-driven inflammatory network (IDIN) associated with autoimmune diseases, although the corollary in primary type I IFN-producing cells has not been reported. Here we demonstrate that EBI2 negatively regulates type I IFN responses in plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) and CD11b+ myeloid cells. Activation of EBI2−/− pDCs and CD11b+ cells with various TLR ligands induced elevated type I IFN production compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, in vivo challenge with endosomal TLR agonists or infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus elicited more type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines in EBI2−/− mice compared to normal mice. Elevated systemic cytokines occurred despite impaired ability of EBI2-deficient pDCs and CD11b+ cells to migrate from the blood to the spleen and peritoneal cavity under homeostatic conditions. As reported for other immune cells, pDC migration was dependent on the ligand for EBI2, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Consistent with a cell intrinsic role for EBI2, type I IFN-producing cells from EBI2-deficient mice expressed higher levels of IRF7 and IDIN genes. Together these data suggest a negative regulatory role for EBI2 in balancing TLR-mediated responses to foreign and to self nucleic acids that may precipitate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y. Chiang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Johnston
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jane L. Grogan
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Shi W, Li X, Porter JL, Ostrodi DH, Yang B, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Bai L, Jiao S. Level of plasmacytoid dendritic cells is increased in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2247-52. [PMID: 24136746 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the immune system fails to eradicate established tumors partly due to the induction of immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play critical roles in regulating the immune system. In this study, we investigated pDCs in the peripheral blood of NSCLC. CD4 + CD123 + BDCA2+ pDCs were tested from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 52 NSCLC patients and 52 healthy controls by flow cytometry. Results revealed that proportion of pDCs was significantly increased in cases than in controls (0.52 ± 0.07% versus 0.21 ± 0.02%, p < 0.001), whereas myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) did not present any obvious difference between patients and healthy donors (0.25 ± 0.04 % versus 0.18 ± 0.02%, p = 0.120). We further studied pDCs in NSCLC patients with different clinical stages. Data showed that cases with higher stages (III/IV) had elevated level of pDCs than those with lower stages (I/II) (0.65 ± 0.09% versus 0.25 ± 0.07%, p = 0.006). In addition, the amount of pDCs was identified to be associated with squamous cell carcinoma, one of the major subtypes of NSCLC. Interestingly, we observed that smoking patients presented significantly elevated pDCs than those non-smokers (0.63 ± 0.09% versus 0.22 ± 0.05%, p = 0.008). These data suggested that pDCs may be closely involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC and may predict the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
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Gouwy M, Struyf S, Leutenez L, Pörtner N, Sozzani S, Van Damme J. Chemokines and other GPCR ligands synergize in receptor-mediated migration of monocyte-derived immature and mature dendritic cells. Immunobiology 2013; 219:218-29. [PMID: 24268109 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells, described as the initiators of adaptive immune responses. Immature monocyte-derived DCs (MDDC) showed decreased CD14 expression, increased cell surface markers DC-SIGN and CD1a and enhanced levels of receptors for the chemokines CCL3 (CCR1/CCR5) and CXCL8 (CXCR1/CXCR2) compared with human CD14⁺ monocytes. After further MDDC maturation by LPS, the markers CD80 and CD83 and the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 were upregulated, whereas CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 expression was reduced. CCL3 dose-dependently synergized with CXCL8 or CXCL12 in chemotaxis of immature MDDC. CXCL12 augmented the CCL3-induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in immature MDDC, although the synergy between CCL3 and CXCL12 in chemotaxis of immature MDDC was dependent on the Akt signaling pathway but not on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CCL2 also synergized with CXCL12 in immature MDDC migration. Moreover, two CXC chemokines not sharing receptors (CXCL12 and CXCL8) cooperated in immature MDDC chemotaxis, whereas two CC chemokines (CCL3 and CCL7) sharing CCR1 did not. Further, the non-chemokine G protein-coupled receptor ligands chemerin and fMLP synergized with respectively CCL7 and CCL3 in immature MDDC signaling and migration. Finally, CXCL12 and CCL3 did not cooperate, but CXCL12 synergized with CCL21 in mature MDDC chemotaxis. Thus, chemokine synergy in immature and mature MDDC migration is dose-dependently regulated by chemokines via alterations in their chemokine receptor expression pattern according to their role in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Leutenez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bajoghli B. Evolution and function of chemokine receptors in the immune system of lower vertebrates. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1686-92. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baubak Bajoghli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Heidelberg; Germany
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41
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Dendritic cell subtypes from lymph nodes and blood show contrasted gene expression programs upon Bluetongue virus infection. J Virol 2013; 87:9333-43. [PMID: 23785206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00631-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal hemorrhagic viruses initially target dendritic cells (DCs). It has been proposed, but not documented, that both plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs) may participate in the cytokine storm encountered in these infections. In order to evaluate the contribution of DCs in hemorrhagic virus pathogenesis, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis during infection by Bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded RNA virus that induces hemorrhagic fever in sheep and initially infects cDCs. Both pDCs and cDCs accumulated in regional lymph nodes and spleen during BTV infection. The gene response profiles were performed at the onset of the disease and markedly differed with the DC subtypes and their lymphoid organ location. An integrative knowledge-based analysis revealed that blood pDCs displayed a gene signature related to activation of systemic inflammation and permeability of vasculature. In contrast, the gene profile of pDCs and cDCs in lymph nodes was oriented to inhibition of inflammation, whereas spleen cDCs did not show a clear functional orientation. These analyses indicate that tissue location and DC subtype affect the functional gene expression program induced by BTV and suggest the involvement of blood pDCs in the inflammation and plasma leakage/hemorrhage during BTV infection in the real natural host of the virus. These findings open the avenue to target DCs for therapeutic interventions in viral hemorrhagic diseases.
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Eloranta ML, Alm GV, Rönnblom L. Disease mechanisms in rheumatology--tools and pathways: plasmacytoid dendritic cells and their role in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:853-63. [PMID: 23280551 DOI: 10.1002/art.37821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hasegawa-Ishii S, Shimada A, Inaba M, Li M, Shi M, Kawamura N, Takei S, Chiba Y, Hosokawa M, Ikehara S. Selective localization of bone marrow-derived ramified cells in the brain adjacent to the attachments of choroid plexus. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:82-97. [PMID: 23270678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune system modulates higher functions of the brain under non-inflammatory conditions, how immune cells interact with brain parenchymal cells remains to be determined. Using bone marrow chimeric mice in which the recipients' immune system was reconstituted by marrow cells derived from GFP-transgenic mice by syngeneic intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) and by intravenous (IV)-BMT, we examined the distribution, density and differentiation of donor-derived marrow cells in the brain parenchyma 2 weeks and 1, 4 and 8 months after BMT. Marrow-derived cells started to populate discrete brain regions from 1 to 4 months after BMT, exhibited ramified morphology and expressed Iba-1. The ramified marrow-derived cells were distributed in more brain regions and for a longer time after IBM-BMT than IV-BMT. Most of these discrete regions were adjacent to the attachments of choroid plexus that comprised thinned brain parenchyma consisting of astroglial processes in the narrow channel between the ependyma and pia. These specific portions of astroglial processes expressed fractalkine. In the choroid plexus stroma, not only Iba-1+ myeloid cells but also non-myeloid CXCL12-expressing cells were of bone marrow-origin. Transcripts of fractalkine, CXCL12 and their related molecules such as CX3CR1, ADAM10 and CXCR4 were detected in the tissue consisting of the choroid plexus, the attachments and adjacent brain parenchyma. Thus, bone marrow cells selectively enter the discrete brain regions adjacent to the attachments of choroid plexus and differentiate into ramified myeloid cells. Fractalkine in the attachments of choroid plexus and CXCL12 in the choroid plexus stroma may be involved in these brain-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan; Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Radiologic Technology, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
| | - Muneo Inaba
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Noriko Kawamura
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan; Faculty of Nutrition, Koshien University, 10-1 Momijigaoka, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-0006, Japan
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Susumu Ikehara
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
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Zhang F, Wei W, Chai H, Xie X. Aurintricarboxylic acid ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by blocking chemokine-mediated pathogenic cell migration and infiltration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:1017-25. [PMID: 23267022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are autoimmune diseases characterized by the immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration of the CNS. Overactivation of CD4(+) T cells, especially the Th1 and Th17 subpopulations, is thought to be the direct cause of this disease. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), an inhibitor of protein-nucleic acid interaction, has been reported to block with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway that is critical for Th cell differentiation. In this study, we discovered that ATA treatment significantly reduces the clinical score of EAE, but it does not directly inhibit the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro. ATA was found to block the chemotaxis and accumulation of dendritic cells in the spleen of EAE mice before the onset of the disease and to reduce the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen. Further study revealed that ATA also blocks the infiltration of pathogenic T cells into the CNS and blocks the onset of passive EAE. ATA was found to inhibit the functions of many chemokine receptors. By blocking chemokine-mediated migration of dendritic cells and pathogenic T cells, ATA alleviates the pathogenesis of EAE and might be used to treat autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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45
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Pathogen sensors and chemokine receptors in dendritic cell subsets. Vaccine 2012; 30:7652-7. [PMID: 23142133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen sensors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microorganism- or host-derived conserved molecular structures, including lipids or nucleic acids and provoke activation of Ag presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). Several synthetic TLR ligands, especially oligonucleotides, are being developed as promising vaccines for infectious diseases, cancers or allergies. DCs are heterogeneous and consist of various subsets, each of which expresses a subset-specific repertoire of TLRs and responds to the TLR signaling in a subset-specific manner. Furthermore, each DC subset expresses a set of chemokine receptors that regulate its function and behavior. Here I review the functions of two DC subsets and how chemokine receptors function in these subsets. One is the plasmacytoid DC (pDC), which expresses nucleic acid sensing receptors TLR7 and TLR9 and secretes large amounts of type I interferons in response to TLR7/9 signaling. The other is splenic CD8α(+) conventional DC (cDC). This DC subset expresses lipid sensors, TLR2 and TLR4, and nucleic acid sensors, TLR3, TLR9 and TLR13 and is specialized for antigen crosspresentation. Several chemokine receptors are differentially expressed on these DC subsets. The homologues of these murine DC subsets are also found in humans. Understanding how these DC subsets function and respond to TLR ligands and chemokines should be important for development of effective vaccines.
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46
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den Haan JM, Mebius RE, Kraal G. Stromal cells of the mouse spleen. Front Immunol 2012; 3:201. [PMID: 22807924 PMCID: PMC3395021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of stromal cells in the white pulp of the spleen resemble to a large extent the situation in other secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes. The stromal cells play an important role in the support and guidance of lymphocytes and myeloid cells in the T and B cell zones of the spleen. Major differences of the spleen are found in the way cells enter the white pulp and the composition of stromal cells in the red pulp. In this review, the features of stromal cells of both white and red pulp will be described in light of the function of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Palma G, De Laurenzi V, De Marco M, Barbieri A, Petrillo A, Turco MC, Arra C. Plasmacytoids dendritic cells are a therapeutic target in anticancer immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:407-14. [PMID: 22579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immunological sentinels of the organism acting as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and are critical for induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Traditionally they are divided in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a rare population of circulating cells that selectively express Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and TLR9 and have the capacity to produce large amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to pathogenic agents or danger signals. It has been demonstrated that pDCs can coordinate events during the course of viral infections, allergic and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through the production of type I IFNs, pDCs initiate protective immunity by activating classical DCs, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells. Upon activation, pDCs also differentiate into mature DCs and may contribute to the contraction of T-cell response. Human pDCs preferentially express immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT7; LILRA4), which couples with a signaling adapter to activate a prominent immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-mediated signaling pathway. The interaction between ILT7 and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2, CD317) assures an appropriate TLR response by pDCs during viral infections and likely participates in pDCs tumor crosstalk. Moreover these cells seem to play a crucial role in the initiation of the pathological process of autoimmune diseases such as lupus or psoriasis. Despite the fact that their function within a tumor context is still controversial they represent an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system to elicit a powerful immune response against tumor antigens in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Naples, Italy
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