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Manoleras AV, Sloan EK, Chang A. The sympathetic nervous system shapes the tumor microenvironment to impair chemotherapy response. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1460493. [PMID: 39381049 PMCID: PMC11458372 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1460493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment influences cancer progression and response to treatments, which ultimately impacts the survival of patients with cancer. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a core component of solid tumors that arise in the body. In addition to influencing cancer progression, a role for the SNS in the effectiveness of cancer treatments is beginning to emerge. This review explores evidence that the SNS impairs chemotherapy efficacy. We review findings of studies that evaluated the impact of neural ablation on chemotherapy outcomes and discuss plausible mechanisms for the impact of neural signaling on chemotherapy efficacy. We then discuss implications for clinical practice, including opportunities to block neural signaling to improve response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aeson Chang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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2
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Mandal SK, Yadav P, Sheth RA. The Neuroimmune Axis and Its Therapeutic Potential for Primary Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6237. [PMID: 38892423 PMCID: PMC11172507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an integral role in motion and sensation as well as the physiologic function of visceral organs. The nervous system additionally plays a key role in primary liver diseases. Until recently, however, the impact of nerves on cancer development, progression, and metastasis has been unappreciated. This review highlights recent advances in understanding neuroanatomical networks within solid organs and their mechanistic influence on organ function, specifically in the liver and liver cancer. We discuss the interaction between the autonomic nervous system, including sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and the liver. We also examine how sympathetic innervation affects metabolic functions and diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We also delve into the neurobiology of the liver, the interplay between cancer and nerves, and the neural regulation of the immune response. We emphasize the influence of the neuroimmune axis in cancer progression and the potential of targeted interventions like neurolysis to improve cancer treatment outcomes, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1471, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA; (S.K.M.); (P.Y.)
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3
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Cao Y, Guan J. Effects of chronic stress on cancer development and the therapeutic prospects of adrenergic signaling regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116609. [PMID: 38678960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term chronic stress is an important factor in the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Chronic stress reduces the tissue infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by continuously activating the adrenergic signaling, inhibits antitumor immune response and tumor cell apoptosis while also inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor angiogenesis, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. This review first summarizes how adrenergic signaling activates intracellular signaling by binding different adrenergic receptor (AR) heterodimers. Then, we focused on reviewing adrenergic signaling to regulate multiple functions of immune cells, including cell differentiation, migration, and cytokine secretion. In addition, the article discusses the mechanisms by which adrenergic signaling exerts pro-tumorigenic effects by acting directly on the tumor itself. It also highlights the use of adrenergic receptor modulators in cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on their potential role in immunotherapy. Finally, the article reviews the beneficial effects of stress intervention measures on cancer treatment. We think that enhancing the body's antitumor response by adjusting adrenergic signaling can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jingzhi Guan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
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4
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Zand H, Pourvali K. The Function of the Immune System, Beyond Strategies Based on Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms, Determines Cancer Development: Immune Response and Cancer Development. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300528. [PMID: 38221702 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Although cancer remains a challenging disease to treat, early detection and removal of primary tumors through surgery or chemotherapy/radiotherapy can offer hope for patients. The privilege paradigm in cancer biology suggests that cell-autonomous mechanisms play a central role in tumorigenesis. According to this paradigm, these cellular mechanisms are the primary focus for the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, this point of view does not present a comprehensive theory for the initiation of cancer and an effective therapeutic strategy. Having an incomplete understanding of the etiology of cancer, it is essential to re-examine previous assumptions about carcinogenesis and develop new, practical theories that can account for all available clinical and experimental evidence. This will not only help to gain a better understanding of the disease, but also offer new avenues for treatment. This review provides evidence suggesting a shift in focus from a cell-autonomous mechanism to systemic mechanisms, particularly the immune system, that are involved in cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Katayoun Pourvali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
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5
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Cao Y, Chen H, Yang J. Neuroanatomy of lymphoid organs: Lessons learned from whole-tissue imaging studies. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250136. [PMID: 37377338 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Decades of extensive research have documented the presence of neural innervations of sensory, sympathetic, or parasympathetic origin in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Such neural inputs can release neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to directly modulate the functions of various immune cells, which represents one of the essential aspects of the body's neuroimmune network. Notably, recent studies empowered by state-of-the-art imaging techniques have comprehensively assessed neural distribution patterns in BM, thymus, spleen, and LNs of rodents and humans, helping clarify several controversies lingering in the field. In addition, it has become evident that neural innervations in lymphoid organs are not static but undergo alterations in pathophysiological contexts. This review aims to update the current information on the neuroanatomy of lymphoid organs obtained through whole-tissue 3D imaging and genetic approaches, focusing on anatomical features that may designate the functional modulation of immune responses. Moreover, we discuss several critical questions that call for future research, which will advance our in-depth understanding of the importance and complexity of neural control of lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Farooq MA, Ajmal I, Hui X, Chen Y, Ren Y, Jiang W. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12837. [PMID: 37629018 PMCID: PMC10454818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of most tumors is complex, comprising numerous aspects of immunosuppression. Several studies have indicated that the adrenergic system is vital for controlling immunological responses. In the context of the tumor microenvironment, nor-adrenaline (NA) is poured in by innervating nerves and tumor tissues itself. The receptors for nor-adrenaline are present on the surfaces of cancer and immune cells and are often involved in the activation of pro-tumoral signaling pathways. Beta2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) are an emerging class of receptors that are capable of modulating the functioning of immune cells. β2-AR is reported to activate regulatory immune cells and inhibit effector immune cells. Blocking β2-AR increases activation, proliferation, and cytokine release of T lymphocytes. Moreover, β2-AR deficiency during metabolic reprogramming of T cells increases mitochondrial membrane potential and biogenesis. In the view of the available research data, the immunosuppressive role of β2-AR in T cells presents it as a targetable checkpoint in CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we have abridged the contemporary knowledge about adrenergic-stress-mediated β2-AR activation on T lymphocytes inside tumor milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.A.F.); (I.A.)
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7
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Thapa S, Cao X. Nervous regulation: beta-2-adrenergic signaling in immune homeostasis, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune diseases. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2549-2556. [PMID: 37060364 PMCID: PMC10693916 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Beta-2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) mediates neural signaling from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to the immune system to modulate immunogenic and immunosuppressive responses for maintaining immune homeostasis. β2-AR regulates various cellular activities on the innate and adaptive immune cells through differential signaling to modulate activation, proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. This signaling pathway has been found to be critical for regulating anti-tumor immune responses and autoimmune responses. Recently, β2-AR has also been implicated in the mobilization of immune cells in peripheral blood and ex-vivo expansion of cytotoxic T cells from donor blood that has clinical implications for improving cancer immunotherapy. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the established and emerging roles of β2-AR signaling in immune homeostasis, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarina Thapa
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Mizuno Y, Nakanishi Y, Kumanogoh A. Pathophysiological functions of semaphorins in the sympathetic nervous system. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:30. [PMID: 37291626 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to external stressors, the body senses them and activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to maintain the homeostasis, which is known as the "fight-or-flight" response. Recent studies have revealed that the SNS also plays pivotal roles in regulating immune responses, such as hematopoiesis, leukocyte mobilization, and inflammation. Indeed, overactivation of the SNS causes many inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular basis essential for SNS-mediated immune regulation is not completely understood. In this review, we focus on axon guidance cues, semaphorins, which play multifaceted roles in neural and immune systems. We summarize the functions of semaphorins in the crosstalk between the SNS and the immune system, exploring its pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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9
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Lin Y, Liu Y, Gao Z, Jing D, Bi R, Cui X, Cao Q, Zhao Q, Gao R, Su Y, Liu S, Zhao M, Yang Y, Chen A, Dai B, Gao X. Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol triggers anti-tumor immunity and enhances irinotecan therapy in mice colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175718. [PMID: 37054937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with limited available medicines. While drug repurposing comes as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, we discovered that propranolol (Prop), a non-selective β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor blocker, significantly inhibited the development of subcutaneous CT26 CRC and AOM/DSS-induced CRC models. The RNA-seq analysis highlighted the activated immune pathways after Prop treatment, with GO analysis enriched in T-cell differentiation, leukocyte-mediated immunity, regulation of leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, and interferon-gamma production. Routine analyses of blood revealed a decrease in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, a biomarker of systemic inflammation, and a prognostic indicator in the Prop-treated groups in both CRC models. Analysis of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells exhibited that Prop regressed the exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the CT26-derived graft models, which was further corroborated in the AOM/DSS-induced models. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis fitted well with the experimental data, showing that β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) was positively correlated with T-cell exhaustion signature in various tumors. The in vitro experiment showed no direct effect of Prop on CT26 cell viability, while T cells were activated with significantly-upregulated production of IFN-γ and Granzyme B. Consistently, Prop was unable to restrain CT26 tumor growth in nude mice. At last, the combination of Prop and the chemotherapeutic drug Irinotecan acted out the strongest inhibition in CT26 tumor progress. Collectively, we repurpose Prop as a promising and economical therapeutic drug for CRC treatment and highlight T-cell as its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Lin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongquan Jing
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Ran Bi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Xinmeng Cui
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Qixiang Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yali Su
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Siliang Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Beiying Dai
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
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10
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Singh A, Ranjan A. Adrenergic receptor signaling regulates the CD40-receptor mediated anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141712. [PMID: 37006295 PMCID: PMC10050348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
InroductionAnti-CD40 agonistic antibody (αCD40), an activator of dendritic cells (DC) can enhance antigen presentation and activate cytotoxic T-cells against poorly immunogenic tumors. However, cancer immunotherapy trials also suggest that αCD40 is only moderately effective in patients, falling short of achieving clinical success. Identifying factors that decrease αCD40 immune-stimulating effects can aid the translation of this agent to clinical reality.Method/ResultsHere, we reveal that β-adrenergic signaling on DCs directly interferes with αCD40 efficacy in immunologically cold head and neck tumor model. We discovered that β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) activation rewires CD40 signaling in DCs by directly inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and indirectly by upregulating levels of phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB). Importantly, the addition of propranolol, a pan β-Blocker reprograms the CD40 pathways, inducing superior tumor regressions, increased infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells, and a reduced burden of regulatory T-cells in tumors compared to monotherapy.Discussion/ConclusionThus, our study highlights an important mechanistic link between stress-induced β2AR signaling and reduced αCD40 efficacy in cold tumors, providing a new combinatorial approach to improve clinical outcomes in patients.
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11
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Yan J, Chen Y, Luo M, Hu X, Li H, Liu Q, Zou Z. Chronic stress in solid tumor development: from mechanisms to interventions. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:8. [PMID: 36707854 PMCID: PMC9883141 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress results in disturbances of body hormones through the neuroendocrine system. Cancer patients often experience recurrent anxiety and restlessness during disease progression and treatment, which aggravates disease progression and hinders treatment effects. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress-regulated neuroendocrine systems secret hormones to activate many signaling pathways related to tumor development in tumor cells. The activated neuroendocrine system acts not only on tumor cells but also modulates the survival and metabolic changes of surrounding non-cancerous cells. Current clinical evidences also suggest that chronic stress affects the outcome of cancer treatment. However, in clinic, there is lack of effective treatment for chronic stress in cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms by which chronic stress regulates the tumor microenvironment, including functional regulation of tumor cells by stress hormones (stem cell-like properties, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA damage accumulation, and apoptotic resistance), metabolic reprogramming and immune escape, and peritumor neuromodulation. Based on the current clinical treatment framework for cancer and chronic stress, we also summarize pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to provide some directions for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Yan
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Yibing Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Minhua Luo
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Quentin Liu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510631 China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
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12
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Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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13
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Kwak SB, Kim SJ, Kim J, Kang YL, Ko CW, Kim I, Park JW. Tumor regionalization after surgery: Roles of the tumor microenvironment and neutrophil extracellular traps. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:720-729. [PMID: 35764882 PMCID: PMC9256747 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is unanimously regarded as the primary strategy to cure solid tumors in the early stages but is not always used in advanced cases. However, tumor surgery must be carefully considered because the risk of metastasis could be increased by the surgical procedure. Tumor surgery may result in a deep wound, which induces many biological responses favoring tumor metastasis. In particular, NETosis, which is the process of forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has received attention as a risk factor for surgery-induced metastasis. To reduce cancer mortality, researchers have made efforts to prevent secondary metastasis after resection of the primary tumor. From this point of view, a better understanding of surgery-induced metastasis might provide new strategies for more effective and safer surgical approaches. In this paper, recent insights into the surgical effects on metastasis will be reviewed. Moreover, in-depth opinions about the effects of NETs on metastasis will be discussed. Therapies that limit the formation of web-like structures formed by white cells known as neutrophils may lower the risk of cancer spread (metastasis) following surgical tumor removal. Removing solid tumors remains a key cancer treatment, but in some cases surgery itself increases the risk of metastasis. Jong-Wan Park at Seoul National University, South Korea, and co-workers reviewed current understanding of metastasis following surgery. Surgical removal destroys the architecture supporting cancer cells but this can release tumor cells into blood vessels. The stress of deep wounds also affects immune responses, most notably neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), web-like structures formed by neutrophils to trap and kill pathogens. NETs have previously been implicated in metastasis. In a post-surgical environment enriched in neutrophils and pro-inflammatory cytokines, NET formation may help cancer cells thrive, promoting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University College of Medicine, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Education Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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14
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Hinkle L, Liu Y, Meng C, Chen Z, Mai J, Zhang L, Xu Y, Pan PY, Chen SH, Shen H. The Sympathetic Nervous System Modulates Cancer Vaccine Activity through Monocyte-Derived Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3131-3140. [PMID: 34772699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an important regulator of immune cell function during homeostasis and states of inflammation. Recently, the SNS has been found to bolster tumor growth and impair the development of antitumor immunity. However, it is unclear whether the SNS can modulate APC function. Here, we investigated the effects of SNS signaling in murine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMФ) and dendritic cells (DCs) and further combined the nonspecific β-blocker propranolol with a peptide cancer vaccine for the treatment of melanoma in mice. We report that norepinephrine treatment dramatically altered moMФ cytokine production, whereas DCs were unresponsive to norepinephrine and critically lack β2-adrenergic receptor expression. In addition, we show that propranolol plus cancer vaccine enhanced peripheral DC maturation, increased the intratumor proportion of effector CD8+ T cells, and decreased the presence of intratumor PD-L1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, this combination dramatically reduced tumor growth compared with vaccination alone. Taken together, these results offer insights into the cell-specific manner by which the SNS regulates the APC immune compartment and provide strong support for the use of propranolol in combination with cancer vaccines to improve patient response rates and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hinkle
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Chaoyang Meng
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; and
| | - Yitian Xu
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; and
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; and.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; and.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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15
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Tanaka Y, Shimizu S, Shirotani M, Yorozu K, Kitamura K, Oehorumu M, Kawai Y, Fukuzawa Y. Nutrition and Cancer Risk from the Viewpoint of the Intestinal Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103326. [PMID: 34684330 PMCID: PMC8541425 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are various important factors in reducing the risk of cancer development and progression; these factors may correct an unbalanced intake of nutrients to maintain the living body’s homeostasis, detoxify toxic materials, acting as an external factor, and maintain and strengthen the body’s immune function. In a normal cell environment, nutrients, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, are properly digested and absorbed into the body, and, as a result, an environment in which cancer can develop and progress is prevented. It is necessary to prevent toxic materials from entering the body and to detoxify poisons in the body. If these processes occur correctly, cells work normally, and genes cannot be damaged. The most important factor in the fight against cancer and prevention of the development and progression of cancer is the immune system. This requires a nutritional state in which the immune system works well, allowing the intestinal microbiome to carry out all of its roles. In order to grow intestinal microbiota, the consumption of prebiotics, such as organic vegetables, fruits, and dietary fiber, and probiotics of effective intestinal microbiota, such as fermented foods and supplements, is required. Symbiosis, in which these organisms work together, is an effective means of reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using ultrafine bubble water, produced specially by the Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, is also useful for improving the nutritional condition and reducing the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimu Tanaka
- Jinzenkai Tanaka Clinic, 2-3-8, Ikunonishi, Ikuno-ku, Osaka 544-0024, Japan
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shin Shimizu
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Symbiosis Research Institute, 6-7-4-106, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shirotani
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Luke’s Ashiya Clinic, 8-2, Ohara-cho, Ashiya, Hyogo 659-0092, Japan
| | - Kensho Yorozu
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Ishinkai Yorozu Clinic, 1-118-4, Mihagino, Tottori 689-0202, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kitamura
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Kitamura Clinic, 4-3-8, Nishiki-machi, Onojo, Fukuoka 816-0935, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oehorumu
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- LIFE Clinic Tateshina, 3317-1, Toyohira, Chino, Nagano 391-0213, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawai
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Yuakai Kawai Clinic for Internal Medicine, 3-7-14, Higashi-Nakahama, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukuzawa
- The Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, 2-1-40, Katamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0025, Japan; (S.S.); (M.S.); (K.Y.); (K.K.); (M.O.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.)
- Aichi Medical Preemptive and Integrative Medicine Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1103, Japan
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16
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Chhatar S, Lal G. Role of adrenergic receptor signalling in neuroimmune communication. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:202-217. [PMID: 35492402 PMCID: PMC9040148 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune communication plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and promptly responding to any foreign insults. Sympathetic nerve fibres are innervated into all the lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) and provide a communication link between the central nervous system (CNS) and ongoing immune response in the tissue microenvironment. Neurotransmitters such as catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) bind to adrenergic receptors present on most immune and non-immune cells, establish a local neuroimmune-communication system, and help regulate the ongoing immune response. The activation of these receptors varies with the type of receptor-activated, target cell, the activation status of the cells, and timing of activation. Activating adrenergic receptors, specifically β-adrenergic signalling in immune cells leads to activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway or other non-canonical pathways. It predominantly leads to immune suppression such as inhibition of IL-2 secretion and a decrease in macrophages phagocytosis. This review discusses the expression of different adrenergic receptors in various immune cells, signalling, and how it modulates immune cell function and contributes to health and diseases. Understanding the neuroimmune communication through adrenergic receptor signalling in immune cells could help to design better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs are innervated with sympathetic nerve fibres. Adrenergic receptor expression on immune and non-immune cells establishes a local neuroimmune communication system. Adrenergic receptor signalling in immune cells controls the differentiation and function of various immune cells. Modulating adrenergic receptor signalling with a specific agonist or antagonist also affect the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Corresponding author. National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
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17
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Conde SV, Sacramento JF, Martins FO. Immunity and the carotid body: implications for metabolic diseases. Bioelectron Med 2020; 6:24. [PMID: 33353562 PMCID: PMC7756955 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-00061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-immune communication has gained enormous interest in recent years due to increasing knowledge of the way in which the brain coordinates functional alterations in inflammatory and autoimmune responses, and the mechanisms of neuron-immune cell interactions in the context of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will explain how this relationship between the nervous and immune system impacts the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways with specific reference to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and the vagal reflex and will explore the possible involvement of the carotid body (CB) in the neural control of inflammation. We will also highlight the mechanisms of vagal anti-inflammatory reflex control of immunity and metabolism, and the consequences of functional disarrangement of this reflex in settlement and development of metabolic diseases, with special attention to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the role of CB in the interplay between metabolism and immune responses will be discussed, with specific reference to the different stimuli that promote CB activation and the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic in this context. In doing so, we clarify the multivarious neuronal reflexes that coordinate tissue-specific responses (gut, pancreas, adipose tissue and liver) critical to metabolic control, and metabolic disease settlement and development. In the final section, we will summarize how electrical modulation of the carotid sinus nerve may be utilized to adjust these reflex responses and thus control inflammation and metabolic diseases, envisioning new therapeutics horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia V Conde
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana, n°6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-274, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana F Sacramento
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana, n°6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-274, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fatima O Martins
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana, n°6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-274, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Chen M, Singh AK, Repasky EA. Highlighting the Potential for Chronic Stress to Minimize Therapeutic Responses to Radiotherapy through Increased Immunosuppression and Radiation Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3853. [PMID: 33419318 PMCID: PMC7767049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been used in the treatment of cancer for more than 100 years. While often very effective, there is still a great effort in place to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy for controlling the progression and recurrence of tumors. Recent research has revealed the close interaction between nerves and tumor progression, especially nerves of the autonomic nervous system that are activated by a variety of stressful stimuli including anxiety, pain, sleep loss or depression, each of which is likely to be increased in cancer patients. A growing literature now points to a negative effect of chronic stressful stimuli in tumor progression. In this review article, we present data on the potential for adrenergic stress to influence the efficacy of radiation and in particular, its potential to influence the anti-tumor immune response, and the frequency of an "abscopal effect" or the shrinkage of tumors which are outside an irradiated field. We conclude that chronic stress can be a major impediment to more effective radiation therapy through mechanisms involving immunosuppression and increased resistance to radiation-induced tumor cell death. Overall, these data highlight the potential value of stress reduction strategies to improve the outcome of radiation therapy. At the same time, objective biomarkers that can accurately and objectively reflect the degree of stress in patients over prolonged periods of time, and whether it is influencing immunosuppression and radiation resistance, are also critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Anurag K. Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
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19
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Sharma D, Farrar JD. Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:709-717. [PMID: 33219396 PMCID: PMC7678770 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system integrates the functions of multiple organ systems by regulating their autonomic physiological activities. The immune system is regulated both locally and systemically by the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal gland and local sympathetic neurons. Immune cells respond by activation of adrenergic receptors, primarily the β2-adrenergic receptor, which signal through heterotrimeric G-proteins. Depending upon the cell type, adrenergic signaling regulates a variety of functions in immune cells ranging from cellular migration to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, due to the diurnal oscillation of systemic norepinephrine levels, various immune functions follow a circadian rhythmic pattern. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of how the sympathetic nervous system regulates both innate and adaptive immune functions and how this regulation is linked to circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drashya Sharma
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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20
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Momeni-Varposhti Z, Kazemi MH, Talebi M, Chegeni R, Roshandel E, Hajifathali A, Movassaghpour AA. Plasma levels of norepinephrine and expression levels of ß2-adrenergic receptor gene correlate with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:151. [PMID: 33437747 PMCID: PMC7787040 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease is a major complication in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are stress hormones which affect many cells, including immune cells through interaction with adrenergic receptors, mainly β2-adrenergic receptor. The immunomodulatory effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and signaling of the adrenergic receptor have been shown to decrease the probability of the acute graft-versus-host disease in animal models. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible correlations between the serum levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and also leukocytic expression levels of β2-adrenergic receptor with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Methods: In this study, the plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and the leukocytic expression of β2-adrenergic receptor gene were measured and compared in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation patients with and without acute graft-versus-host disease. Data were analyzed and illustrated using SPSS 19 and GraphPad Prism 6. The student T-test, Pearson, and Spearman's tests were performed and p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: We showed that the plasma levels of norepinephrine and the relative amount of the mRNA of β2-adrenergic receptor at 7 and 21 days after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation were significantly lower in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease than recipients without acute graft-versus-host disease. There were also negative correlations between the plasma levels of norepinephrine, leukocytic levels of the mRNA of β2-adrenergic receptor, and the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease. Conclusion: Our results suggest that stress hormones and their receptor might have a role in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease and could be promising factors in controlling the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Momeni-Varposhti
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- The Michener Institute of Education, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elham Roshandel
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Enriquez J, Mims BMD, Trasti S, Furr KL, Grisham MB. Genomic, microbial and environmental standardization in animal experimentation limiting immunological discovery. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:50. [PMID: 32878597 PMCID: PMC7464063 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of inbred mice housed under standardized environmental conditions has been critical in identifying immuno-pathological mechanisms in different infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as revealing new therapeutic targets for clinical trials. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of preclinical intervention studies using well-defined mouse models of disease have progressed to clinically-effective treatments in patients. The reasons for this lack of bench-to-bedside transition are not completely understood; however, emerging data suggest that genetic diversity and housing environment may greatly influence muring immunity and inflammation. Results Accumulating evidence suggests that certain immune responses and/or disease phenotypes observed in inbred mice may be quite different than those observed in their outbred counterparts. These differences have been thought to contribute to differing immune responses to foreign and/or auto-antigens in mice vs. humans. There is also a growing literature demonstrating that mice housed under specific pathogen free conditions possess an immature immune system that remarkably affects their ability to respond to pathogens and/or inflammation when compared with mice exposed to a more diverse spectrum of microorganisms. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate that mice develop chronic cold stress when housed at standard animal care facility temperatures (i.e. 22–24 °C). These temperatures have been shown alter immune responses to foreign and auto-antigens when compared with mice housed at their thermo-neutral body temperature of 30–32 °C. Conclusions Exposure of genetically diverse mice to a spectrum of environmentally-relevant microorganisms at housing temperatures that approximate their thermo-neutral zone may improve the chances of identifying new and more potent therapeutics to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Enriquez
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Brianyell Mc Daniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Scott Trasti
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kathryn L Furr
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Matthew B Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.
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22
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Increased cancer incidence in "cold" countries: An (un)sympathetic connection? J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102538. [PMID: 32364983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Published data has shown that there is an unexpected, significantly increased cancer mortality and incidence in countries with low or subnormal environmental temperatures. There have been several hypotheses developed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these findings. It is well documented that cold represents a very efficient stressor that activates sympathetic nerves and increases tissue and plasma norepinephrine levels. Importantly, recently accumulated data indicate that norepinephrine can stimulate carcinogenesis and the progression of cancer. Therefore, we suggest that the effect of a cold environment on cancer incidence and mortality might be mediated, at least partially, by norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves in response to cold. Data supporting this hypothesis are discussed here and potential preventive approaches are described.
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23
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β-Adrenergic Signaling in Lung Cancer: A Potential Role for Beta-Blockers. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:27-36. [PMID: 31828732 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer results in more patient deaths each year than any other cancer type. Additional treatment strategies are needed to improve clinical responses to approved treatment modalities and prevent the emergence of resistant disease. Catecholamines including norepinephrine and epinephrine are elevated as a result of chronic stress and mediate their physiological effects through activation of adrenergic receptors on target tissues. Lung cancer cells express β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), and numerous preclinical studies indicate that β2-AR signaling on lung cancer cells facilities cellular programs including proliferation, motility, apoptosis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and the acquisition of an angiogenic and immunosuppressive phenotype. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential role for beta-blockers in improving the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients. Graphical Abstract Catecholamines including norepinephrine and epinephrine act of β-ARs expressed on NSCLC tumor cells and activate pathways regulating tumor progression.
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24
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Pancreatic nerve electrostimulation inhibits recent-onset autoimmune diabetes. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1446-1451. [PMID: 31712773 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation can ameliorate autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis by modulation of the immune system. Its efficacy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes has not been explored, in part because the nerves projecting to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLNs) in mice are unmapped. Here, we map the nerve projecting to the pancreas and pLNs in mice and use a minimally invasive surgical procedure to implant micro-cuff electrodes onto the nerve. Pancreatic nerve electrical stimulation (PNES) resulted in β-adrenergic receptor-mediated-accumulation of B and T cells in pLNs and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Autoreactive T cells showed reduced proliferation in pLNs of mice receiving PNES as compared to sham controls. In a spontaneous mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, PNES inhibited disease progression in diabetic mice.
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25
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Xia Y, Wei Y, Li ZY, Cai XY, Zhang LL, Dong XR, Zhang S, Zhang RG, Meng R, Zhu F, Wu G. Catecholamines contribute to the neovascularization of lung cancer via tumor-associated macrophages. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:111-121. [PMID: 31176001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated catecholamines in the tumor microenvironment often correlate with tumor development. However, the mechanisms by which catecholamines modulate lung cancer growth are still poorly understood. This study is aimed at examining the functions and mechanisms of catecholamine-induced macrophage polarization in angiogenesis and tumor development. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We established in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the relationship between catecholamines and macrophages in lung cancer. Flow cytometry, cytokine detection, tube formation assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were performed, and animal models were also used to explore the underlying mechanism of catecholamine-induced macrophage polarization and host immunological response. RESULTS Catecholamines were shown to be secreted into tumor under the control of the sympathetic nerve system to maintain the pro-tumoral microenvironment. In vivo, the chemical depletion of the natural catecholamine stock with 6OHDA could reduce the release of catecholamines within tumor tissues, restrain the function of alternatively activated M2 macrophage, attenuate tumor neovascularization, and inhibit tumor growth. In vitro, catecholamine treatment triggered the M2 polarization of macrophages, enhanced the expression of VEGF, promoted tumor angiogenesis, and these catecholamine-stimulated effects could be reversed by the adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. In addition to regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) recruitment, decreasing catecholamine levels could also shift the immunosuppressive microenvironment by decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells' (MDSCs) recruitment and facilitating dendritic cells' (DCs) activation, potentially resulting in a positive antitumor immune response. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the potential of adrenergic stress and catecholamine-driven adrenergic signaling of TAMs to regulate the immune status of a tumor microenvironment and provides promising targets for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xian-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui-Guang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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26
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Daher C, Vimeux L, Stoeva R, Peranzoni E, Bismuth G, Wieduwild E, Lucas B, Donnadieu E, Bercovici N, Trautmann A, Feuillet V. Blockade of β-Adrenergic Receptors Improves CD8 + T-cell Priming and Cancer Vaccine Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1849-1863. [PMID: 31527069 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling exerts protumoral effects by acting directly on tumor cells and angiogenesis. In addition, β-AR expression on immune cells affects their ability to mount antitumor immune responses. However, how β-AR signaling impinges antitumor immune responses is still unclear. Using a mouse model of vaccine-based immunotherapy, we showed that propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, strongly improved the efficacy of an antitumor STxBE7 vaccine by enhancing the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor (TIL). However, propranolol had no effect on the reactivity of CD8+ TILs, a result further strengthened by ex vivo experiments showing that these cells were insensitive to adrenaline- or noradrenaline-induced AR signaling. In contrast, naïve CD8+ T-cell activation was strongly inhibited by β-AR signaling, and the beneficial effect of propranolol mainly occurred during CD8+ T-cell priming in the tumor-draining lymph node. We also demonstrated that the differential sensitivity of naïve CD8+ T cells and CD8+ TILs to β-AR signaling was linked to a strong downregulation of β2-AR expression related to their activation status, since in vitro-activated CD8+ T cells behaved similarly to CD8+ TILs. These results revealed that β-AR signaling suppresses the initial priming phase of antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses, providing a rationale to use clinically available β-blockers in patients to improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Daher
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Ralitsa Stoeva
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Peranzoni
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Wieduwild
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Bercovici
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trautmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.
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27
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Araujo LP, Maricato JT, Guereschi MG, Takenaka MC, Nascimento VM, de Melo FM, Quintana FJ, Brum PC, Basso AS. The Sympathetic Nervous System Mitigates CNS Autoimmunity via β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Immune Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3120-3130.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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28
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Sloan EK, Walker AK. Elucidating the mechanisms of psychosocial influences on cancer using preclinical in vivo models. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Guo Q, Huang F, Goncalves C, Del Rincón SV, Miller WH. Translation of cancer immunotherapy from the bench to the bedside. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:1-62. [PMID: 31202357 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous success of immune checkpoint blockades has revolutionized cancer management. Our increased understanding of the cell types that compose the tumor microenvironment (TME), including those of the innate and adaptive immune system, has helped to shape additional immune modulatory strategies in cancer care. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations targeting novel checkpoint interactions and key pathways that regulate cancer immunity continue to increase rapidly. Various combinatorial drug regimens are being tested in attempt to achieve durable response and survival rates of patients with cancer. This review provides an overview of specific components of the TME, an introduction to novel immune checkpoints, followed by a survey of present day and future combination immune modulatory therapies. The idea that the immune system can recognize and destroy tumor cells was first described in the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis of Burnet and Thomas. However, early experimental evidence failed to support the concept. It was not until the late 1990s when seminal papers clearly showed the existence of cancer immunosurveillance, leading to the cancer immunoediting hypothesis. In this century, progress in the understanding of negative regulators of the immune response led to the discovery that inhibition of these regulators in patients with cancer could lead to dramatic and durable remissions. Drs. Tasuku Honjo and James P. Allison were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2018 for their pioneering work in this field. We now see rapid advances in cancer immunology and emerging effective therapies revolutionizing cancer care across tumor types in the clinic, while pre-clinical research is moving from a focus on the malignant cells themselves to dissect the highly heterogenic and complex multi-cellular tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Guo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fan Huang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Goncalves
- Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rossy Cancer Network, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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30
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Ağaç D, Estrada LD, Maples R, Hooper LV, Farrar JD. The β2-adrenergic receptor controls inflammation by driving rapid IL-10 secretion. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:176-185. [PMID: 30195028 PMCID: PMC6289674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian nervous system communicates important information about the environment to the immune system, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Secondary lymphoid organs are highly innervated by sympathetic neurons that secrete norepinephrine (NE) as the primary neurotransmitter. Immune cells express adrenergic receptors, enabling the sympathetic nervous system to directly control immune function. NE is a potent immunosuppressive factor and markedly inhibits TNF-α secretion from innate cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we demonstrate that NE blocks the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines by rapidly inducing IL-10 secretion from innate cells in response to multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals. NE mediated these effects exclusively through the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Consequently, Adrb2-/- animals were more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection and to intestinal inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis. Further, Adrb2-/- animals rapidly succumbed to endotoxemia in response to a sub-lethal LPS challenge and exhibited elevated serum levels of TNF-α and reduced IL-10. LPS-mediated lethality in WT animals was rescued by administering a β 2-specific agonist and in Adrb2-/- animals by exogenous IL-10. These findings reveal a critical role for ADRB2 signaling in controlling inflammation through the rapid induction of IL-10. Our findings provide a fundamental insight into how the sympathetic nervous system controls a critical facet of immune function through ADRB2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ağaç
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Robert Maples
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - J. David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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31
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Nakai A, Suzuki K. Adrenergic control of lymphocyte trafficking and adaptive immune responses. Neurochem Int 2018; 130:104320. [PMID: 30342959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the last century, substantial evidence has suggested that various aspects of the immune system are influenced by the activity of the nervous system. However, the cellular and molecular basis for the neural control of immune responses has emerged only in the past decade. Recent studies have shown that adrenergic nerves control trafficking of immune cells through cell-type-specific mechanisms. Activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor expressed on lymphocytes enhances signals mediated by a particular set of chemokine receptors, and consequently inhibits their exit from lymph nodes. This mechanism is involved in the diurnal variation of adaptive immune responses and the progression of inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we focus on the role of adrenergic nerves in the control of lymphocyte trafficking and adaptive immune responses in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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32
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Butkovich LM, Houser MC, Tansey MG. α-Synuclein and Noradrenergic Modulation of Immune Cells in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:626. [PMID: 30258347 PMCID: PMC6143806 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology and loss of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) are among the most ubiquitous features of Parkinson's disease (PD). While noradrenergic dysfunction is associated with non-motor symptoms of PD, preclinical research suggests that the loss of LC norepinephrine (NE), and subsequently its immune modulatory and neuroprotective actions, may exacerbate or even accelerate disease progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which α-syn pathology and loss of central NE may directly impact brain health by interrupting neurotrophic factor signaling, exacerbating neuroinflammation, and altering regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Tansey Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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33
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Ağaç D, Gill MA, Farrar JD. Adrenergic Signaling at the Interface of Allergic Asthma and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:736. [PMID: 29696025 PMCID: PMC5904268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory viral infections are a major etiologic instigator of allergic asthma, and they drive severe exacerbations of allergic inflammation in the lower airways of asthma sufferers. Rhinovirus (RV), in particular, is the main viral instigator of these pathologies. Asthma exacerbations due to RV infections are the most frequent reasons for hospitalization and account for the majority of morbidity and mortality in asthma patients. In both critical care and disease control, long- and short-acting β2-agonists are the first line of therapeutic intervention, which are used to restore airway function by promoting smooth muscle cell relaxation in bronchioles. While prophylactic use of β2-agonists reduces the frequency and pathology of exacerbations, their role in modulating the inflammatory response is only now being appreciated. Adrenergic signaling is a component of the sympathetic nervous system, and the natural ligands, epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE), regulate a multitude of autonomic functions including regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune response. NE is the primary neurotransmitter released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate most all peripheral tissues including lung and secondary lymphoid organs. Thus, the adrenergic signaling pathways are in direct contact with both the central and peripheral immune compartments. We present a perspective on how the adrenergic signaling pathway controls immune function and how β2-agonists may influence inflammation in the context of virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ağaç
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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34
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Jean Wrobel L, Bod L, Lengagne R, Kato M, Prévost-Blondel A, Le Gal FA. Propranolol induces a favourable shift of anti-tumor immunity in a murine spontaneous model of melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77825-77837. [PMID: 27788481 PMCID: PMC5363624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study on a xenograft model of melanoma, we showed that the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol inhibits melanoma development by modulating angiogenesis, proliferation and cell survival. Stress hormones can influence tumor development in different ways and norepinephrine was shown to downregulate antitumor immune responses by favoring the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, impairing the function of lymphocytes. We assessed the effect of propranolol on antitumor immune response in the MT/Ret mouse model of melanoma. Propranolol treatment delayed primary tumor growth and metastases development in MT/Ret mice. Consistent with our previous observations in human melanoma xenografts, propranolol induces a decrease in cell proliferation and vessel density in the primary tumors and in metastases. In this immunocompetent model, propranolol significantly reduced the infiltration of myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, in the primary tumor. Inversely, cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were more frequent in the tumor stroma of treated mice. In a consistent manner, we observed the same shift in the proportions of infiltrating leukocytes in the metastases of treated mice. Our results suggest that propranolol, by decreasing the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment, restores a better control of the tumor by cytotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Jean Wrobel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Service de Dermatologie, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Lloyd Bod
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Renée Lengagne
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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35
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Qiao G, Chen M, Bucsek MJ, Repasky EA, Hylander BL. Adrenergic Signaling: A Targetable Checkpoint Limiting Development of the Antitumor Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:164. [PMID: 29479349 PMCID: PMC5812031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An immune response must be tightly controlled so that it will be commensurate with the level of response needed to protect the organism without damaging normal tissue. The roles of cytokines and chemokines in orchestrating these processes are well known, but although stress has long been thought to also affect immune responses, the underlying mechanisms were not as well understood. Recently, the role of nerves and, specifically, the sympathetic nervous system, in regulating immune responses is being revealed. Generally, an acute stress response is beneficial but chronic stress is detrimental because it suppresses the activities of effector immune cells while increasing the activities of immunosuppressive cells. In this review, we first discuss the underlying biology of adrenergic signaling in cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. We then focus on the effects of chronic adrenergic stress in promoting tumor growth, giving examples of effects on tumor cells and immune cells, explaining the methods commonly used to induce stress in preclinical mouse models. We highlight how this relates to our observations that mandated housing conditions impose baseline chronic stress on mouse models, which is sufficient to cause chronic immunosuppression. This problem is not commonly recognized, but it has been shown to impact conclusions of several studies of mouse physiology and mouse models of disease. Moreover, the fact that preclinical mouse models are chronically immunosuppressed has critical ramifications for analysis of any experiments with an immune component. Our group has found that reducing adrenergic stress by housing mice at thermoneutrality or treating mice housed at cooler temperatures with β-blockers reverses immunosuppression and significantly improves responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. These observations are clinically relevant because there are numerous retrospective epidemiological studies concluding that cancer patients who were taking β-blockers have better outcomes. Clinical trials testing whether β-blockers can be repurposed to improve the efficacy of traditional and immunotherapies in patients are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxi Qiao
- Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Minhui Chen
- Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mark J. Bucsek
- Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Repasky
- Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bonnie L. Hylander
- Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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36
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Nissen MD, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR. β-Adrenergic Signaling Impairs Antitumor CD8+ T-cell Responses to B-cell Lymphoma Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 6:98-109. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Hervé J, Haurogné K, Bacou E, Pogu S, Allard M, Mignot G, Bach JM, Lieubeau B. β2-adrenergic stimulation of dendritic cells favors IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells. Immunol Res 2017; 65:1156-1163. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Lirussi D, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Trittel S, Duran V, Liebich I, Kalinke U, Guzmán CA. Type I IFN and not TNF, is Essential for Cyclic Di-nucleotide-elicited CTL by a Cytosolic Cross-presentation Pathway. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:100-111. [PMID: 28754303 PMCID: PMC5552247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-nucleotides (CDN) are potent stimulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Cyclic di-AMP (CDA) is a promising adjuvant that generates humoral and cellular immunity. The strong STING-dependent stimulation of type I IFN represents a key feature of CDA. However, recent studies suggested that this is dispensable for adjuvanticity. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is significantly decreased after vaccination in the absence of type I IFN signaling. The biological significance of this CTL response was confirmed by the stimulation of MHC class I-restricted protection against influenza virus challenge. We show here that type I IFN (and not TNF-α) is essential for CDA-mediated cross-presentation by a cathepsin independent, TAP and proteosome dependent cytosolic antigen processing pathway, which promotes effective cross-priming and further CTL induction. Our data clearly demonstrate that type I IFN signaling is critical for CDN-mediated cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Lirussi
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Veronica Duran
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Cruz FM, Colbert JD, Merino E, Kriegsman BA, Rock KL. The Biology and Underlying Mechanisms of Cross-Presentation of Exogenous Antigens on MHC-I Molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:149-176. [PMID: 28125356 PMCID: PMC5508990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To monitor the health of cells, the immune system tasks antigen-presenting cells with gathering antigens from other cells and bringing them to CD8 T cells in the form of peptides bound to MHC-I molecules. Most cells would be unable to perform this function because they use their MHC-I molecules to exclusively present peptides derived from the cell's own proteins. However, the immune system evolved mechanisms for dendritic cells and some other phagocytes to sample and present antigens from the extracellular milieu on MHC-I through a process called cross-presentation. How this important task is accomplished, its role in health and disease, and its potential for exploitation are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Jeff D Colbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Elena Merino
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Barry A Kriegsman
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
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40
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Worzfeld T, Pogge von Strandmann E, Huber M, Adhikary T, Wagner U, Reinartz S, Müller R. The Unique Molecular and Cellular Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 28275576 PMCID: PMC5319992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal interplay of cancer cells and host cells is an indispensable prerequisite for tumor growth and progression. Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, in particular tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cells, as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts enter into a malicious liaison with tumor cells to create a tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, is characterized by a unique TME that enables specific and efficient metastatic routes, impairs immune surveillance, and mediates therapy resistance. A characteristic feature of the ovarian cancer TME is the role of resident host cells, in particular activated mesothelial cells, which line the peritoneal cavity in huge numbers, as well as adipocytes of the omentum, the preferred site of metastatic lesions. Another crucial factor is the peritoneal fluid, which enables the transcoelomic spread of tumor cells to other pelvic and peritoneal organs, and occurs at more advanced stages as a malignancy-associated effusion. This ascites is rich in tumor-promoting soluble factors, extracellular vesicles and detached cancer cells as well as large numbers of T cells, TAMs, and other host cells, which cooperate with resident host cells to support tumor progression and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular interactions that govern this interplay with a focus on signaling networks formed by cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles; the pathophysiologial roles of TAMs and T cells; the mechanism of transcoelomic metastasis; and the cell type selective processing of signals from the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Biomedical Research Center, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) , Marburg , Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
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41
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Suzuki K, Nakai A. Control of lymphocyte trafficking and adaptive immunity by adrenergic nerves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Suzuki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Akiko Nakai
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
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42
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Abstract
Deficits in immunological tolerance against self-antigens and antigens provided by the diet and commensal microbiota can result in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal regulators of the immune response, specialized in antigen presentation to drive T cell priming and differentiation. DCs also have a tolerogenic function, participating in the enforcement of central and peripheral tolerance and the resolution of ongoing immune responses. Thus, DCs control effector and regulatory mechanisms relevant to the pathology of autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the control of the adaptive immune response by tolerogenic DCs. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms that control the tolerogenic DC phenotype will guide the development of novel strategies for the treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa C Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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43
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Leite F, Lima M, Marino F, Cosentino M, Ribeiro L. β 2 Adrenoceptors are underexpressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and associated with a better metabolic profile in central obesity. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:853-861. [PMID: 28824322 PMCID: PMC5562192 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central obesity (CO) is an inflammatory disease. Because immune cells and adipocytes are catecholamines(CA)-producing cells, we studied the expression of adrenoceptors (AR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) hypothesizing a distinct adrenergic pattern in inflammatory obesity. Methods: AR expression was assessed in blood donors categorized by waist circumference (WC) (CO: WC≥0.80 m in women and ≥0.94 m in men). Following a pilot study for all AR subtypes, we measured β2AR expression in fifty-seven individuals and correlated this result with anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters. A ratio (R) between AR mRNA of CO and non-CO<0.5 was considered under and >2.0 over expression. Results: The pilot study revealed no differences between groups, except for β2AR mRNA. CO individuals showed underexpression of β2AR relatively to those without CO (R=0.08; p=0.009). β2AR expression inversely correlated with triacylglycerol (r=-0.271; p=0.041), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=-0.313; p=0.018) and leptin (r=-0.392; p=0.012) and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=0.310: p=0.045) plasma levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a protective effect of β2AR expression (≥2x10-6) [odds ratio (OR) 0.177 with respective confidence interval of 95% (95% CI) (0.040- 0.796)] for the occurrence of CO. A higher association was found for women as compared to men (Ξ9:1) [OR 8.972 (95% CI) (1.679-47.949)]. Conclusion: PBMCs β2AR, underexpressed in centrally obese, are associated with a better metabolic profile and showed a protective role for the development of CO. The discovery of β2AR as a new molecular marker of obesity subphenotypes in PBMCs might contribute to clarify the adrenergic immunomodulation of inflammatory obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leite
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar of Porto, Portugal.,UMIB/ICBAS - Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar of Porto, Portugal.,UMIB/ICBAS - Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Forensic and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal
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44
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Dhawan S, De Palma G, Willemze RA, Hilbers FW, Verseijden C, Luyer MD, Nuding S, Wehkamp J, Souwer Y, de Jong EC, Seppen J, van den Wijngaard RM, Wehner S, Verdu E, Bercik P, de Jonge WJ. Acetylcholine-producing T cells in the intestine regulate antimicrobial peptide expression and microbial diversity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G920-G933. [PMID: 27514477 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00114.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway reduces systemic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) via acetylcholine-producing memory T cells in the spleen. These choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing T cells are also found in the intestine, where their function is unclear. We aimed to characterize these cells in mouse and human intestine and delineate their function. We made use of the ChAT-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter mice. CD4Cre mice were crossed to ChATfl/fl mice to achieve specific deletion of ChAT in CD4+ T cells. We observed that the majority of ChAT-expressing T cells in the human and mouse intestine have characteristics of Th17 cells and coexpress IL17A, IL22, and RORC The generation of ChAT-expressing T cells was skewed by dendritic cells after activation of their adrenergic receptor β2 To evaluate ChAT T cell function, we generated CD4-specific ChAT-deficient mice. CD4ChAT-/- mice showed a reduced level of epithelial antimicrobial peptides lysozyme, defensin A, and ang4, which was associated with an enhanced bacterial diversity and richness in the small intestinal lumen in CD4ChAT-/- mice. We conclude that ChAT-expressing T cells in the gut are stimulated by adrenergic receptor activation on dendritic cells. ChAT-expressing T cells may function to mediate the host AMP secretion, microbial growth and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Dhawan
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose A Willemze
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca W Hilbers
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Verseijden
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Misha D Luyer
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Nuding
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuri Souwer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - J Seppen
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René M van den Wijngaard
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Wehner
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Verdu
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premek Bercik
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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45
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Takenaka MC, Guereschi MG, Basso AS. Neuroimmune interactions: dendritic cell modulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:165-176. [PMID: 27800584 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are of paramount importance bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Depending on the context, after sensing environmental antigens, commensal microorganisms, pathogenic agents, or antigens from the diet, dendritic cells may drive either different effector adaptive immune responses or tolerance, avoiding tissue damage. Although the plasticity of the immune response and the capacity to regulate itself are considered essential to orchestrate appropriate physiological responses, it is known that the nervous system plays a relevant role controlling immune cell function. Dendritic cells present in the skin, the intestine, and lymphoid organs, besides expressing adrenergic receptors, can be reached by neurotransmitters released by sympathetic fibers innervating these tissues. These review focus on how neurotransmitters from the sympathetic nervous system can modulate dendritic cell function and how this may impact the immune response and immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa C Takenaka
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Marcia G Guereschi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Basso
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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46
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Abstract
Stroke induces a local inflammatory reaction and a plethora of innate immune responses in the brain where antigen-presenting cells become prominent. However, to date, it is still unclear whether antigen presentation is relevant to the neuropathological and functional outcome of stroke. Stroke does not trigger overt autoimmune reactions, but neural antigens have been found in lymphoid tissues of patient with stroke and it is unknown whether they promote tolerance or immune reactions that under certain conditions might contribute to the functional worsening observed in some patients. Autoantibodies to neural molecules have also been reported in patients with stroke, but the subclass of antibodies is important for their function, and the contribution of such findings to stroke outcome is not yet clear. Notably, stroke induces immunodepression highlighted by a transient lymphopenia, lymphoid organ atrophy, and monocyte deactivation. While these effects might reduce the chances of autoreactivity, they increase the risk of infection in patients with stroke and most frequently in those with severe stroke. Therefore any potential brain protective effect of stroke-induced immunodepression by attenuating or preventing lymphocyte-mediated brain damage is confounded by stroke severity and an increased incidence of infections. Systemic inflammation due to a number of comorbidities that are frequent in patients with stroke is also associated to a poor outcome. Herein, we review some relevant findings regarding the identification of neural antigens in stroke and discuss their potential contribution to the functional outcome of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Miró-Mur
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Urra
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Chamorro
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Estrada LD, Ağaç D, Farrar JD. Sympathetic neural signaling via the β2-adrenergic receptor suppresses T-cell receptor-mediated human and mouse CD8(+) T-cell effector function. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1948-58. [PMID: 27222010 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervate secondary lymphoid organs and secrete norepinephrine (NE) as the primary neurotransmitter. NE binds and signals through five distinct members of the adrenergic receptor family. In this study, we show elevated expression of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) on primary human CD8(+) effector memory T cells. Treatment of both human and murine CD8(+) T cells with NE decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and suppressed their cytolytic capacity in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) activation. The effects of NE were specifically reversed by β2-specific antagonists. Adrb2(-/-) CD8(+) T cells were completely resistant to the effects of NE. Further, the ADRB2-specific pharmacological ligand, albuterol, significantly suppressed effector functions in both human and mouse CD8(+) T cells. While both TCR activation and stimulation with IL-12 + IL-18 were able to induce inflammatory cytokine secretion, NE failed to suppress IFN-γ secretion in response to IL-12 + IL18. Finally, the long-acting ADRB2-specific agonist, salmeterol, markedly reduced the cytokine secretion capacity of CD8(+) T cells in response to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. This study reveals a novel intrinsic role for ADRB2 signaling in CD8(+) T-cell function and underscores the novel role this pathway plays in adaptive T-cell responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Estrada
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Didem Ağaç
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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48
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Wu H, Chen J, Song S, Yuan P, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Chang Y, Zhang L, Wei W. β2-adrenoceptor signaling reduction in dendritic cells is involved in the inflammatory response in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24548. [PMID: 27079168 PMCID: PMC4832233 DOI: 10.1038/srep24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation of the synovium, which leads to the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. Adrenoreceptor (AR) signaling may play an important role in modulating dendritic cell (DC), which may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the effect of the β-AR agonist isoprenaline (ISO) on DC function, the impact of the β2-AR agonist salbutamol on adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats, and changes in β2-AR signaling in DCs during the course of AA. ISO inhibited the expression of the surface molecules CD86 and MHC-II, inhibited the stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DC and TNF-α secretion, and promoted DC antigen uptake and IL-10 secretion. The effects of ISO on MHC-II expression, DC stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation, and DC antigen uptake were mediated by β2-AR. Treatment with salbutamol ameliorated the severity of AA and histopathology of the joints and inhibited proliferation of thymus lymphocytes and FLS in vivo. β2-AR signaling was weaker in AA rats compared to the control. Elevated GRK2 and decreased β2-AR expression in DC cytomembranes were observed in AA and may have decreased the anti-inflammatory effect of β2-AR signaling. Decreased β2-AR signaling may be relevant to the exacerbation of arthritis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pingfan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Suzuki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Akiko Nakai
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
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50
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Takenaka MC, Araujo LP, Maricato JT, Nascimento VM, Guereschi MG, Rezende RM, Quintana FJ, Basso AS. Norepinephrine Controls Effector T Cell Differentiation through β2-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 in Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:637-44. [PMID: 26663782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence indicating that neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system can modulate the activity of innate immune cells, we still know very little about how norepinephrine impacts signaling pathways in dendritic cells (DC) and the consequence of that in DC-driven T cell differentiation. In this article, we demonstrate that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) activation in LPS-stimulated DC does not impair their ability to promote T cell proliferation; however, it diminishes IL-12p70 secretion, leading to a shift in the IL-12p70/IL-23 ratio. Although β2AR stimulation in DC induces protein kinase A-dependent cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, the effect of changing the profile of cytokines produced upon LPS challenge occurs in a protein kinase A-independent manner and, rather, is associated with inhibition of the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Moreover, as a consequence of the inverted IL-12p70/IL-23 ratio following β2AR stimulation, LPS-stimulated DC promoted the generation of CD4(+) T cells that, upon TCR engagement, produced lower amounts of IFN-γ and higher levels of IL-17. These findings provide new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms by which β2AR stimulation in murine DC can influence the generation of adaptive immune responses and may explain some aspects of how sympathetic nervous system activity can modulate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Carla Takenaka
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
| | - Leandro Pires Araujo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
| | - Vanessa M Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
| | - Marcia Grando Guereschi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexandre S Basso
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; and
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