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Mihai A, Lee SY, Shinton S, Parker MI, Contreras AV, Zhang B, Rhodes M, Dunbrack RL, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Ciofani M, Zhuang Y, Wiest DL. E proteins control the development of NKγδT cells through their invariant T cell receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5078. [PMID: 38871720 PMCID: PMC11176164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling regulates important developmental transitions, partly through induction of the E protein antagonist, Id3. Although normal γδ T cell development depends on Id3, Id3 deficiency produces different phenotypes in distinct γδ T cell subsets. Here, we show that Id3 deficiency impairs development of the Vγ3+ subset, while markedly enhancing development of NKγδT cells expressing the invariant Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR. These effects result from Id3 regulating both the generation of the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR and its capacity to support development. Indeed, the Trav15 segment, which encodes the Vδ6.3 TCR subunit, is directly bound by E proteins that control its expression. Once expressed, the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR specifies the innate-like NKγδT cell fate, even in progenitors beyond the normally permissive perinatal window, and this is enhanced by Id3-deficiency. These data indicate that the paradoxical behavior of NKγδT cells in Id3-deficient mice is determined by its stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Mihai
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Shinton
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell I Parker
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Baojun Zhang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michele Rhodes
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Ciofani
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, He S, Calendo G, Bui T, Tian Y, Lee CY, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Abraham C, Mo W, Chen M, Sanders-Braggs R, Madzo J, Issa JP, Hexner EO, Wiest DL, Reshef R, Xue HH, Zhang Y. Tissue-infiltrating alloreactive T cells require Id3 to deflect PD-1-mediated immune suppression during GVHD. Blood 2024; 143:166-177. [PMID: 37871574 PMCID: PMC10797551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Persisting alloreactive donor T cells in target tissues are a determinant of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the transcriptional regulators that control the persistence and function of tissue-infiltrating T cells remain elusive. We demonstrate here that Id3, a DNA-binding inhibitor, is critical for sustaining T-cell responses in GVHD target tissues in mice, including the liver and intestine. Id3 loss results in aberrantly expressed PD-1 in polyfunctional T helper 1 (Th1) cells, decreased tissue-infiltrating PD-1+ polyfunctional Th1 cell numbers, impaired maintenance of liver TCF-1+ progenitor-like T cells, and inhibition of GVHD. PD-1 blockade restores the capacity of Id3-ablated donor T cells to mediate GVHD. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Id3 loss leads to significantly decreased CD28- and PI3K/AKT-signaling activity in tissue-infiltrating polyfunctional Th1 cells, an indicator of active PD-1/PD-L1 effects. Id3 is also required for protecting CD8+ T cells from the PD-1 pathway-mediated suppression during GVHD. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that Id3 represses transcription factors (e.g., Nfatc2, Fos, Jun, Ets1, and Prdm1) that are critical for PD-1 transcription, exuberant effector differentiation, and interferon responses and dysfunction of activated T cells. Id3 achieves these effects by restraining the chromatin accessibility for these transcription factors. Id3 ablation in donor T cells preserved their graft vs tumor effects in mice undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ID3 in human CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells retained their antitumor activity in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg-/- mice early after administration. These findings identify that ID3 is an important target to reduce GVHD, and the gene-editing program of ID3 may have broad implications in T-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tien Bui
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Che Young Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Ciril Abraham
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbin Mo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Mimi Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | | | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Elizabeth O. Hexner
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David L. Wiest
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Perriman L, Tavakolinia N, Jalali S, Li S, Hickey PF, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Ho WWH, Baldwin TM, Piers AT, Konstantinov IE, Anderson J, Stanley EG, Licciardi PV, Kannourakis G, Naik SH, Koay HF, Mackay LK, Berzins SP, Pellicci DG. A three-stage developmental pathway for human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells within the postnatal thymus. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabo4365. [PMID: 37450574 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the largest population of γδ T cells in adults and can play important roles in providing effective immunity against cancer and infection. Many studies have suggested that peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are derived from the fetal liver and thymus and that the postnatal thymus plays little role in the development of these cells. More recent evidence suggested that these cells may also develop postnatally in the thymus. Here, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry, transcriptomic analysis, functional assays, and precursor-product experiments to define the development pathway of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus. We identify three distinct stages of development for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus that are defined by the progressive acquisition of functional potential and major changes in the expression of transcription factors, chemokines, and other surface markers. Furthermore, our analysis of donor-matched thymus and blood revealed that the molecular requirements for the development of functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are delivered predominantly by the postnatal thymus and not in the periphery. Tbet and Eomes, which are required for IFN-γ and TNFα expression, are up-regulated as Vγ9Vδ2 T cells mature in the thymus, and mature thymic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly express high levels of these cytokines after stimulation. Similarly, the postnatal thymus programs Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to express the cytolytic molecules, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme K. This study provides a greater understanding of how Vγ9Vδ2 T cells develop in humans and may lead to opportunities to manipulate these cells to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Perriman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sedigheh Jalali
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Wing Ho Ho
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam T Piers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Zhao J, Ding C, Li HB. N 6 - Methyladenosine defines a new checkpoint in γδ T cell development. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300002. [PMID: 36942692 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
T cells, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are the most important components of adaptive immune system. Based on the expression of αβ and γδ receptors, T cells are mainly divided into αβ and γδ T cells. In the thymus, they share common progenitor cells, while undergoing a series of well-characterized and different developmental processes. N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A), one of the most abundant modifications in mRNAs, plays critical roles in cell development and maintenance of function. Recently, we have demonstrated that the depletion of m6 A demethylase ALKBH5 in lymphocytes specifically induces an expansion of γδ T cells through the regulation of Jag1/Notch2 signaling, but not αβ T cells, indicating a checkpoint role of ALKBH5 and m6 A modification in the early development of γδ T cells. Based on previous studies, many key pathway molecules, which exert dominant roles in γδ T cell fate determination, have been identified as the targets regulated by m6 A modification. In this review, we mainly summarize the potential regulation between m6 A modification and these key signaling molecules in the γδ T cell lineage commitment, to provide new perspectives in the checkpoint of γδ T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenbo Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Hwang SM, Im SH, Rudra D. Signaling networks controlling ID and E protein activity in T cell differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964581. [PMID: 35983065 PMCID: PMC9379924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E and inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are involved in various cellular developmental processes and effector activities in T cells. Recent findings indicate that E and ID proteins are not only responsible for regulating thymic T cell development but also modulate the differentiation, function, and fate of peripheral T cells in multiple immune compartments. Based on the well-established E and ID protein axis (E-ID axis), it has been recognized that ID proteins interfere with the dimerization of E proteins, thus restricting their transcriptional activities. Given this close molecular relationship, the extent of expression or stability of these two protein families can dynamically affect the expression of specific target genes involved in multiple aspects of T cell biology. Therefore, it is essential to understand the endogenous proteins or extrinsic signaling pathways that can influence the dynamics of the E-ID axis in a cell-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, we provide an overview of E and ID proteins and the functional outcomes of the E-ID axis in the activation and function of multiple peripheral T cell subsets, including effector and memory T cell populations. Further, we review the mechanisms by which endogenous proteins and signaling pathways alter the E-ID axis in various T cell subsets influencing T cell function and fate at steady-state and in pathological settings. A comprehensive understanding of the functions of E and ID proteins in T cell biology can be instrumental in T cell-specific targeting of the E-ID axis to develop novel therapeutic modalities in the context of autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sin-Hyeog Im, ; Dipayan Rudra,
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sin-Hyeog Im, ; Dipayan Rudra,
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6
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Gu W, Madrid DMC, Joyce S, Driver JP. A single-cell analysis of thymopoiesis and thymic iNKT cell development in pigs. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111050. [PMID: 35793622 PMCID: PMC9704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the porcine immune system remain poorly characterized, which poses a barrier to improving swine health and utilizing pigs as preclinical models. Here, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to create a cell atlas of the early-adolescent pig thymus. Our data show conserved features as well as species-specific differences in cell states and cell types compared with human thymocytes. We also describe several unconventional T cell types with gene expression profiles associated with innate effector functions. This includes a cell census of more than 11,000 differentiating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which reveals that the functional diversity of pig iNKT cells differs substantially from the iNKT0/1/2/17 subset differentiation paradigm established in mice. Our data characterize key differentiation events in porcine thymopoiesis and iNKT cell maturation and provide important insights into pig T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Gu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institution for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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7
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Aubrey M, Warburg ZJ, Murre C. Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Adaptive Immune Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881656. [PMID: 35634342 PMCID: PMC9134016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The E/ID protein axis is instrumental for defining the developmental progression and functions of hematopoietic cells. The E proteins are dimeric transcription factors that activate gene expression programs and coordinate changes in chromatin organization. Id proteins are antagonists of E protein activity. Relative levels of E/Id proteins are modulated throughout hematopoietic development to enable the progression of hematopoietic stem cells into multiple adaptive and innate immune lineages including natural killer cells, B cells and T cells. In early progenitors, the E proteins promote commitment to the T and B cell lineages by orchestrating lineage specific programs of gene expression and regulating VDJ recombination of antigen receptor loci. In mature B cells, the E/Id protein axis functions to promote class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. E protein activity further regulates differentiation into distinct CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets and instructs mature T cell immune responses. In this review, we discuss how the E/Id proteins define the adaptive immune system lineages, focusing on their role in directing developmental gene programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cornelis Murre
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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8
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He Y, Chen Q, Dai J, Cui Y, Zhang C, Wen X, Li J, Xiao Y, Peng X, Liu M, Shen B, Sha J, Hu Z, Li J, Shu W. Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals a highly coordinated transcriptional program in mouse germ cells during primordial follicle formation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13424. [PMID: 34174788 PMCID: PMC8282241 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of primordial follicles in mammals represents one of the most critical processes in ovarian biology. It directly affects the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Premature depletion of primordial follicles contributes to the ovarian pathology primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). To delineate the developmental trajectory and regulatory mechanisms of oocytes during the process, we performed RNA‐seq on single germ cells from newborn (P0.5) ovaries. Three cell clusters were classified which corresponded to three cell states (germ cell cyst, cyst breakdown, and follicle) in the newborn ovary. By Monocle analysis, a uniform trajectory of oocyte development was built with a series of genes showed dynamic changes along the pseudo‐timeline. Gene Ontology term enrichment revealed a significant decrease in meiosis‐related genes and a dramatic increase in oocyte‐specific genes which marked the transition from a germ cell to a functional oocyte. We then established a network of regulons by using single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm and identified possible candidate transcription factors that may maintain transcription programs during follicle formation. Following functional studies further revealed the differential regulation of the identified regulon Id2 and its family member Id1, on the establishment of primordial follicle pool by using siRNA knockdown and genetic modified mouse models. In summary, our study systematically reconstructed molecular cascades in oocytes and identified a series of genes and molecular pathways in follicle formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health Center for Global Health School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Qiuzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Biotechnology Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing China
- Computer School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health Center for Global Health School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xidong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jiazhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health Center for Global Health School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Wenjie Shu
- Department of Biotechnology Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing China
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9
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Herrera-Uribe J, Wiarda JE, Sivasankaran SK, Daharsh L, Liu H, Byrne KA, Smith TPL, Lunney JK, Loving CL, Tuggle CK. Reference Transcriptomes of Porcine Peripheral Immune Cells Created Through Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:689406. [PMID: 34249103 PMCID: PMC8261551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are a valuable human biomedical model and an important protein source supporting global food security. The transcriptomes of peripheral blood immune cells in pigs were defined at the bulk cell-type and single cell levels. First, eight cell types were isolated in bulk from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by cell sorting, representing Myeloid, NK cells and specific populations of T and B-cells. Transcriptomes for each bulk population of cells were generated by RNA-seq with 10,974 expressed genes detected. Pairwise comparisons between cell types revealed specific expression, while enrichment analysis identified 1,885 to 3,591 significantly enriched genes across all 8 cell types. Gene Ontology analysis for the top 25% of significantly enriched genes (SEG) showed high enrichment of biological processes related to the nature of each cell type. Comparison of gene expression indicated highly significant correlations between pig cells and corresponding human PBMC bulk RNA-seq data available in Haemopedia. Second, higher resolution of distinct cell populations was obtained by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMC. Seven PBMC samples were partitioned and sequenced that produced 28,810 single cell transcriptomes distributed across 36 clusters and classified into 13 general cell types including plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), conventional DCs, monocytes, B-cell, conventional CD4 and CD8 αβ T-cells, NK cells, and γδ T-cells. Signature gene sets from the human Haemopedia data were assessed for relative enrichment in genes expressed in pig cells and integration of pig scRNA-seq with a public human scRNA-seq dataset provided further validation for similarity between human and pig data. The sorted porcine bulk RNAseq dataset informed classification of scRNA-seq PBMC populations; specifically, an integration of the datasets showed that the pig bulk RNAseq data helped define the CD4CD8 double-positive T-cell populations in the scRNA-seq data. Overall, the data provides deep and well-validated transcriptomic data from sorted PBMC populations and the first single-cell transcriptomic data for porcine PBMCs. This resource will be invaluable for annotation of pig genes controlling immunogenetic traits as part of the porcine Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project, as well as further study of, and development of new reagents for, porcine immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jayne E. Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sathesh K. Sivasankaran
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lance Daharsh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristen A. Byrne
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Joan K. Lunney
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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10
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The E protein-TCF1 axis controls γδ T cell development and effector fate. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108716. [PMID: 33535043 PMCID: PMC7919611 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TCF1 plays a critical role in T lineage commitment and the development of αβ lineage T cells, but its role in γδ T cell development remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a regulatory axis where T cell receptor (TCR) signaling controls TCF1 expression through an E-protein-bound regulatory element in the Tcf7 locus, and this axis regulates both γδ T lineage commitment and effector fate. Indeed, the level of TCF1 expression plays an important role in setting the threshold for γδ T lineage commitment and modulates the ability of TCR signaling to influence effector fate adoption by γδ T lineage progenitors. This finding provides mechanistic insight into how TCR-mediated repression of E proteins promotes the development of γδ T cells and their adoption of the interleukin (IL)-17-producing effector fate. IL-17-producing γδ T cells have been implicated in cancer progression and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.
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11
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Anderson MK, Selvaratnam JS. Interaction between γδTCR signaling and the E protein-Id axis in γδ T cell development. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:181-197. [PMID: 33058287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells acquire their functional properties in the thymus, enabling them to exert rapid innate-like responses. To understand how distinct γδ T cell subsets are generated, we have developed a Two-Stage model for γδ T cell development. This model is predicated on the finding that γδTCR signal strength impacts E protein activity through graded upregulation of Id3. Our model proposes that cells enter Stage 1 in response to a γδTCR signaling event in the cortex that activates a γδ T cell-specific gene network. Part of this program includes the upregulation of chemokine receptors that guide them to the medulla. In the medulla, Stage 1 cells receive distinct combinations of γδTCR, cytokine, and/co-stimulatory signals that induce their transit into Stage 2, either toward the γδT1 or the γδT17 lineage. The intersection between γδTCR and cytokine signals can tune Id3 expression, leading to different outcomes even in the presence of strong γδTCR signals. The thymic signaling niches required for γδT17 development are segregated in time and space, providing transient windows of opportunity during ontogeny. Understanding the regulatory context in which E proteins operate at different stages will be key in defining how their activity levels impose functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele K Anderson
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johanna S Selvaratnam
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Berrett H, Qian L, Roman O, Cordova A, Simmons A, Sun XH, Alberola-Ila J. Development of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Is Selectively Inhibited by Sustained E Protein Activity. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:593-605. [PMID: 31852728 PMCID: PMC6938226 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphoid cells that reside mostly at barrier surfaces and participate in the initial response against pathogens. They are classified into different types based on effector programs that are based on cytokine production and transcription factor expression. They all derive from the common lymphoid precursor, but the molecular mechanisms regulating ILC subset development is not well understood. Experiments using Id2 knockout mice have previously shown that E protein activity inhibition is an absolute requirement for the development of all ILC subsets. In this study, we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that small increases in E protein activity during ILC development selectively inhibit type 2 ILC development. Type 1 ILCs are mostly unperturbed, and type 3 ILC show only a minor inhibition. This effect is first evident at the ILC2 progenitor stage and is ILC intrinsic. Therefore, our results demonstrate that modulation of E protein activity can bias cell fate decisions in developing ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Berrett
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Liangyue Qian
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Olga Roman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Alanis Cordova
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Amie Simmons
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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13
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Bouderlique T, Peña-Pérez L, Kharazi S, Hils M, Li X, Krstic A, De Paepe A, Schachtrup C, Gustafsson C, Holmberg D, Schachtrup K, Månsson R. The Concerted Action of E2-2 and HEB Is Critical for Early Lymphoid Specification. Front Immunol 2019; 10:455. [PMID: 30936870 PMCID: PMC6433000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparition of adaptive immunity in Gnathostomata correlates with the expansion of the E-protein family to encompass E2-2, HEB, and E2A. Within the family, E2-2 and HEB are more closely evolutionarily related but their concerted action in hematopoiesis remains to be explored. Here we show that the combined disruption of E2-2 and HEB results in failure to express the early lymphoid program in Common lymphoid precursors (CLPs) and a near complete block in B-cell development. In the thymus, Early T-cell progenitors (ETPs) were reduced and T-cell development perturbed, resulting in reduced CD4 T- and increased γδ T-cell numbers. In contrast, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), erythro-myeloid progenitors, and innate immune cells were unaffected showing that E2-2 and HEB are dispensable for the ancestral hematopoietic lineages. Taken together, this E-protein dependence suggests that the appearance of the full Gnathostomata E-protein repertoire was critical to reinforce the gene regulatory circuits that drove the emergence and expansion of the lineages constituting humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Bouderlique
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Peña-Pérez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shabnam Kharazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Hils
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Biology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoze Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Krstic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayla De Paepe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Biology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Zhang B, Jiao A, Dai M, Wiest DL, Zhuang Y. Id3 Restricts γδ NKT Cell Expansion by Controlling Egr2 and c-Myc Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1452-1459. [PMID: 30012846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
γδ NKT cells are neonatal-derived γδ T lymphocytes that are grouped together with invariant NKT cells based on their shared innate-like developmental program characterized by the transcription factor PLZF (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger). Previous studies have demonstrated that the population size of γδ NKT cells is tightly controlled by Id3-mediated inhibition of E-protein activity in mice. However, how E proteins promote γδ NKT cell development and expansion remains to be determined. In this study, we report that the transcription factor Egr2, which also activates PLZF expression in invariant NKT cells, is essential for regulating γδ NKT cell expansion. We observed a higher expression of Egr family genes in γδ NKT cells compared with the conventional γδ T cell population. Loss of function of Id3 caused an expansion of γδ NKT cells, which is accompanied by further upregulation of Egr family genes as well as PLZF. Deletion of Egr2 in Id3-deficient γδ NKT cells prevented cell expansion and blocked PLZF upregulation. We further show that this Egr2-mediated γδ NKT cell expansion is dependent on c-Myc. c-Myc knockdown attenuated the proliferation of Id3-deficient γδ NKT cells, whereas c-Myc overexpression enhanced the proliferation of Id3/Egr2-double-deficient γδ NKT cells. Therefore, our data reveal a regulatory circuit involving Egr2-Id3-E2A, which normally restricts the population size of γδ NKT cells by adjusting Egr2 dosage and c-Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China; .,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China
| | - Meifang Dai
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
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15
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Roy S, Moore AJ, Love C, Reddy A, Rajagopalan D, Dave SS, Li L, Murre C, Zhuang Y. Id Proteins Suppress E2A-Driven Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Development prior to TCR Selection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:42. [PMID: 29416542 PMCID: PMC5787561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A family of transcription factors known as E proteins, and their antagonists, Id proteins, regulate T cell differentiation at critical developmental checkpoints. Id proteins promote the differentiation of conventional αβ T cells and suppress the expansion of innate-like αβ T cells known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, it remains to be determined whether Id proteins differentially regulate these distinct lineage choices in early stages of T cell development. In this manuscript, we report that in Id-deficient mice, uninhibited activity of the E protein family member E2A mediates activation of genes that support iNKT cell development and function. There is also biased rearrangement in Id-deficient DP cells that promotes selection into the iNKT lineage in these mice. The observed expansion of iNKT cells is not abrogated by blocking pre-TCR signaling, which is required for conventional αβ T cell development. Finally, E2A is found to be a key transcriptional regulator of both iNKT and γδNKT lineages, which appear to have shared lineage history. Therefore, our study reveals a previously unappreciated role of E2A in coordinating the development of the iNKT lineage at an early stage, prior to their TCR-mediated selection alongside conventional αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Roy
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda J Moore
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cassandra Love
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anupama Reddy
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Deepthi Rajagopalan
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cornelis Murre
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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16
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Three distinct developmental pathways for adaptive and two IFN-γ-producing γδ T subsets in adult thymus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1911. [PMID: 29203769 PMCID: PMC5715069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine γδ T cells include subsets that are programmed for distinct effector functions during their development in the thymus. Under pathological conditions, different γδ T cell subsets can be protective or can exacerbate a disease. Here we show that CD117, CD200 and CD371, together with other markers, identify seven developmental stages of γδ T cells. These seven stages can be divided into three distinct developmental pathways that are enriched for different TCRδ repertoires and exhibit characteristic expression patterns associated with adaptive (γδTn), IFN-γ-producing (γδT1) and IFN-γ/IL-4-co-producing γδ T cells (γδNKT). Developmental progression towards both IFN-γ-producing subsets can be induced by TCR signalling, and each pathway results in thymic emigration at a different stage. Finally, we show that γδT1 cells are the predominating IFN-γ-producing subset developing in the adult thymus. Thus, this study maps out three distinct development pathways that result in the programming of γδTn, γδT1 and γδNKT cells.
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17
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Li J, Roy S, Kim YM, Li S, Zhang B, Love C, Reddy A, Rajagopalan D, Dave S, Diehl AM, Zhuang Y. Id2 Collaborates with Id3 To Suppress Invariant NKT and Innate-like Tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3136-3148. [PMID: 28258199 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins, including Id1-4, are transcriptional regulators involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival in various cell types. Although upregulation of Id proteins is associated with a broad spectrum of tumors, recent studies have identified that Id3 plays a tumor-suppressor role in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in humans and hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas in mice. In this article, we report rapid lymphoma development in Id2/Id3 double-knockout mice that is caused by unchecked expansion of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells or a unique subset of innate-like CD1d-independent T cells. These populations began to expand in neonatal mice and, upon malignant transformation, resulted in mortality between 3 and 11 mo of age. The malignant cells also gave rise to lymphomas upon transfer to Rag-deficient and wild-type hosts, reaffirming their inherent tumorigenic potential. Microarray analysis revealed a significantly modified program in these neonatal iNKT cells that ultimately led to their malignant transformation. The lymphoma cells demonstrated chromosome instability along with upregulation of several signaling pathways, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, which can promote their expansion and migration. Dysregulation of genes with reported driver mutations and the NF-κB pathway were found to be shared between Id2/Id3 double-knockout lymphomas and human NKT tumors. Our work identifies a distinct premalignant state and multiple tumorigenic pathways caused by loss of function of Id2 and Id3. Thus, conditional deletion of Id2 and Id3 in developing T cells establishes a unique animal model for iNKT and relevant innate-like lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Cassandra Love
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anupama Reddy
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Deepthi Rajagopalan
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710;
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18
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Zbtb16 (PLZF) is stably suppressed and not inducible in non-innate T cells via T cell receptor-mediated signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12113. [PMID: 26178856 PMCID: PMC4503983 DOI: 10.1038/srep12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor PLZF (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger; zbtb16) is essential for nearly all of the unique characteristics of NKT cells including their rapid and potent response to antigen. In the immune system, zbtb16 expression is only found in innate cells. Conventional T cells that ectopically express PLZF spontaneously acquire an activated, effector phenotype. Activation induced expression of lineage defining transcription factors such as T-bet, FoxP3, RORγt, GATA3 and others is essential for naïve T cell differentiation into effector T cells. In this study, we used sensitive genetic-based approaches to assess the induction of PLZF expression in non-innate T cells by T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation. Surprisingly, we found that PLZF was stably repressed in non-innate T cells and that TCR-mediated signaling was not sufficient to induce PLZF in conventional T cells. The inactivated state of PLZF was stably maintained in mature T cells, even under inflammatory conditions imposed by bacterial infection. Collectively, our data show that, in contrast to multiple recent reports, PLZF expression is highly specific to innate T cells and cannot be induced in conventional T cells via TCR-mediated activation or inflammatory challenge.
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19
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Abstract
The lymphocyte family has expanded significantly in recent years to include not only the adaptive lymphocytes (T cells, B cells) and NK cells, but also several additional innate lymphoid cell (ILC) types. ILCs lack clonally distributed antigen receptors characteristic of adaptive lymphocytes and instead respond exclusively to signaling via germline-encoded receptors. ILCs resemble T cells more closely than any other leukocyte lineage at the transcriptome level and express many elements of the core T cell transcriptional program, including Notch, Gata3, Tcf7, and Bcl11b. We present our current understanding of the shared and distinct transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the development of adaptive T lymphocytes and closely related ILCs. We discuss the possibility that a core set of transcriptional regulators common to ILCs and T cells establish enhancers that enable implementation of closely aligned effector pathways. Studies of the transcriptional regulation of lymphopoiesis will support the development of novel therapeutic approaches to correct early lymphoid developmental defects and aberrant lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena De Obaldia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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20
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Kang J, Malhotra N. Transcription factor networks directing the development, function, and evolution of innate lymphoid effectors. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:505-38. [PMID: 25650177 PMCID: PMC4674156 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lymphoid immunity is mediated by fast and slow responders to pathogens. Fast innate lymphocytes are active within hours after infections in mucosal tissues. Slow adaptive lymphocytes are conventional T and B cells with clonal antigen receptors that function days after pathogen exposure. A transcription factor (TF) regulatory network guiding early T cell development is at the core of effector function diversification in all innate lymphocytes, and the kinetics of immune responses is set by developmental programming. Operational units within the innate lymphoid system are not classified by the types of pathogen-sensing machineries but rather by discrete effector functions programmed by regulatory TF networks. Based on the evolutionary history of TFs of the regulatory networks, fast effectors likely arose earlier in the evolution of animals to fortify body barriers, and in mammals they often develop in fetal ontogeny prior to the establishment of fully competent adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655;
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21
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Abstract
γδ T cells represent a small population of overall T lymphocytes (0.5-5%) and have variable tissue distribution in the body. γδ T cells can perform complex functions, such as immune surveillance, immunoregulation, and effector function, without undergoing clonal expansion. Heterogeneous distribution and anatomic localization of γδ T cells in the normal and inflamed tissues play an important role in alloimmunity, autoimmunity, or immunity. The cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells and phenotypic and functional plasticity of γδ T cells have been given recent attention in the field of immunology. In this review, we discussed the cellular and molecular interaction of γδ T cells with other immune cells and its mechanism in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Shilpi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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22
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Gao P, Han X, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Fuss IJ, Myers TG, Gardina PJ, Zhang F, Strober W. Dynamic changes in E-protein activity regulate T reg cell development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2651-68. [PMID: 25488982 PMCID: PMC4267236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gao et al. show that E-box proteins dampen the generation and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in part by inhibiting IL-2Rα expression and IL-2 responsiveness. E-proteins are TCR-sensitive transcription factors essential for intrathymic T cell transitions. Here, we show that deletion of E-proteins leads to both enhanced peripheral TGF-β–induced regulatory T (iT reg) cell and thymic naturally arising T reg cell (nT reg cell) differentiation. In contrast, deletion of Id proteins results in reduced nT reg cell differentiation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that decreased E-protein activity leads to de-repression of signaling pathways that are essential to Foxp3 expression. Decreased E-protein binding to an IL-2Rα enhancer locus facilitated TCR-induced IL-2Rα expression. Similarly, decreased E-protein activity facilitated TCR-induced NF-κB activation and generation of c-Rel. Consistent with this, microarray analysis indicated that cells with E-protein depletion that are not yet expressing Foxp3 exhibit activation of the IL-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as enhanced expression of many of the genes associated with Foxp3 induction. Finally, studies using Nur77-GFP mice to monitor TCR signaling showed that TCR signaling strength sufficient to induce Foxp3 differentiation is accompanied by down-regulation of E-protein levels. Collectively, these data suggest that TCR stimulation acts in part through down-regulation of E-protein activity to induce T reg cell lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqiong Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Warren Strober
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses; Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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23
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Abstract
As members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors, E proteins function in the immune system by directing and maintaining a vast transcriptional network that regulates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function. Proper activity of this network is essential to the functionality of the immune system. Aberrations in E protein expression or function can cause numerous defects, ranging from impaired lymphocyte development and immunodeficiency to aberrant function, cancer, and autoimmunity. Additionally, disruption of inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) proteins, natural inhibitors of E proteins, can induce additional defects in development and function. Although E proteins have been investigated for several decades, their study continues to yield novel and exciting insights into the workings of the immune system. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the various classical roles of E proteins in lymphocyte development and highlight new and ongoing research into how these roles, if compromised, can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Belle
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina, USA.
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina, USA
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