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Alrubayyi A, Rowland-Jones S, Peppa D. Natural killer cells during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for HIV-1 prevention and therapy. AIDS 2022; 36:1903-1915. [PMID: 35851334 PMCID: PMC9612724 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in preexposure prophylaxis, the number of newly diagnosed cases with HIV-1 remains high, highlighting the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce HIV-1 acquisition and limit disease progression. Early immunological events, occurring during acute infection, are key determinants of the outcome and course of disease. Understanding early immune responses occurring before viral set-point is established, is critical to identify potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key cellular component of innate immunity and contribute to the early host defence against HIV-1 infection, modulating the pathogenesis of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Emerging studies have identified tools for harnessing NK cell responses and expanding specialized NK subpopulations with adaptive/memory features, paving the way for development of novel HIV-1 therapeutics. This review highlights the knowns and unknowns regarding the role of NK cell subsets in the containment of acute HIV-1 infection, and summarizes recent advances in selectively augmenting NK cell functions through prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
| | | | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, CNWL NHS Trust, London, UK
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2
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Kazer SW, Walker BD, Shalek AK. Evolution and Diversity of Immune Responses during Acute HIV Infection. Immunity 2021; 53:908-924. [PMID: 33207216 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the earliest immune responses following HIV infection is critical to inform future vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we review recent prospective human studies in at-risk populations that have provided insight into immune responses during acute infection, including additional relevant data from non-human primate (NHP) studies. We discuss the timing, nature, and function of the diverse immune responses induced, the onset of immune dysfunction, and the effects of early anti-retroviral therapy administration. Treatment at onset of viremia mitigates peripheral T and B cell dysfunction, limits seroconversion, and enhances cellular antiviral immunity despite persistence of infection in lymphoid tissues. We highlight pertinent areas for future investigation, and how application of high-throughput technologies, alongside targeted NHP studies, may elucidate immune response features to target in novel preventions and cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Kazer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Ex vivo rectal explant model reveals potential opposing roles of Natural Killer cells and Marginal Zone-like B cells in HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20154. [PMID: 33214610 PMCID: PMC7677325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of innate immune responses in human rectal mucosal tissues (RM) and their contributions to promoting or restricting HIV transmission is limited. We defined the RM composition of innate and innate-like cell subsets, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells; CD1c + myeloid DCs; neutrophils; macrophages; natural killer cells (NK); Marginal Zone-like B cells (MZB); γδ T cells; and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in RM from 69 HIV-negative men by flow cytometry. Associations between these cell subsets and HIV-1 replication in ex vivo RM explant challenge experiments revealed an inverse correlation between RM-NK and p24 production, in contrast to a positive association between RM-MZB and HIV replication. Comparison of RM and blood-derived MZB and NK illustrated qualitative and quantitative differences between tissue compartments. Additionally, 22 soluble molecules were measured in a subset of explant cultures (n = 26). Higher production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-10, IP-10, GM-CSF, sFasL, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, Granulysin, and Perforin following infection positively correlated with HIV replication. These data show novel associations between MZB and NK cells and p24 production in RM and underscore the importance of inflammatory cytokines in mucosal HIV infection, demonstrating the likely critical role these innate immune responses play in early mucosal HIV replication in humans.
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4
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Huot N, Rascle P, Petitdemange C, Contreras V, Palgen JL, Stahl-Hennig C, Le Grand R, Beignon AS, Jacquelin B, Müller-Trutwin M. Non-human Primate Determinants of Natural Killer Cells in Tissues at Steady-State and During Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2134. [PMID: 33013901 PMCID: PMC7511519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play essential roles in immunity to viruses and tumors. Their function is genetically determined but also modulated by environmental factors. The distribution and functional regulation of these cells vary depending on the tissue. NK cell behavior in lymphoid tissues is so far understudied. Non-human primate (NHP) models are essential for the development of therapies and vaccines against human diseases, and access to NHP tissues allows insights into spatial regulations of NK cells. Here, we investigated tissue-specific parameters of NK cells from NHP species, i.e., cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and baboon (Papio anubis). By comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis of NK cells from secondary lymphoid organs, intestinal mucosa, liver, and blood, we identified tissue- and species-specific patterns of NK cell frequencies, phenotypes, and potential activity. Also, we defined the tissue-specific characteristics of NK cells during infection by the simian immunodeficiency virus. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive anatomic analysis of NK cells in different tissues of primates at steady-state and during a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Huot
- Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rascle
- Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Vanessa Contreras
- CEA-Université Paris Saclay-Inserm, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Louis Palgen
- CEA-Université Paris Saclay-Inserm, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA-Université Paris Saclay-Inserm, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- CEA-Université Paris Saclay-Inserm, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, IMVA-HB/IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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5
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Okoye AA, DeGottardi MQ, Fukazawa Y, Vaidya M, Abana CO, Konfe AL, Fachko DN, Duell DM, Li H, Lum R, Gao L, Park BS, Skalsky RL, Lewis AD, Axthelm MK, Lifson JD, Wong SW, Picker LJ. Role of IL-15 Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2928-2943. [PMID: 31653683 PMCID: PMC6864325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although IL-15 has been implicated in the pathogenic hyperimmune activation that drives progressive HIV and SIV infection, as well as in the generation of HIV/SIV target cells, it also supports NK and T cell homeostasis and effector activity, potentially benefiting the host. To understand the role of IL-15 in SIV infection and pathogenesis, we treated two cohorts of SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RM; Macaca mulatta), one with chronic infection, the other with primary infection, with a rhesusized, IL-15-neutralizing mAb (versus an IgG isotype control) for up to 10 wk (n = 7-9 RM per group). In both cohorts, anti-IL-15 was highly efficient at blocking IL-15 signaling in vivo, causing 1) profound depletion of NK cells in blood and tissues throughout the treatment period; 2) substantial, albeit transient, depletion of CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM) (but not the naive and central memory subsets); and 3) CD4+ and CD8+ TEM hyperproliferation. In primary infection, reduced frequencies of SIV-specific effector T cells in an extralymphoid tissue site were also observed. Despite these effects, the kinetics and extent of SIV replication, CD4+ T cell depletion, and the onset of AIDS were comparable between anti-IL-15- and control-treated groups in both cohorts. However, RM treated with anti-IL-15 during primary infection manifested accelerated reactivation of RM rhadinovirus. Thus, IL-15 support of NK cell and TEM homeostasis does not play a demonstrable, nonredundant role in SIV replication or CD4+ T cell deletion dynamics but may contribute to immune control of oncogenic γ-herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afam A Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Maren Q DeGottardi
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Mukta Vaidya
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Chike O Abana
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Audrie L Konfe
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Devin N Fachko
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Derick M Duell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - He Li
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Richard Lum
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Lina Gao
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Byung S Park
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Rebecca L Skalsky
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Anne D Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Scott W Wong
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006;
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
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6
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Shah SV, Manickam C, Ram DR, Kroll K, Itell H, Permar SR, Barouch DH, Klatt NR, Reeves RK. CMV Primes Functional Alternative Signaling in Adaptive Δg NK Cells but Is Subverted by Lentivirus Infection in Rhesus Macaques. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2766-2774.e3. [PMID: 30517864 PMCID: PMC6372106 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite burgeoning evidence demonstrating the adaptive properties of natural killer (NK) cells, mechanistic data explaining these phenomena are lacking. Following antibody sensitization, NK cells lacking the Fc receptor (FcR) signaling chain (Δg) acquire adaptive features, including robust proliferation, multi-functionality, rapid killing, and mobilization to sites of virus exposure. Using the rhesus macaque model, we demonstrate the systemic distribution of Δg NK cells expressing memory features, including downregulated Helios and Eomes. Furthermore, we find that Δg NK cells abandon typical γ-chain/Syk in lieu of CD3ζ-Zap70 signaling. FCγRIIIa (CD16) density, mucosal homing, and function are all coupled to this alternate signaling, which in itself requires priming by rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhCMV). Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections further expand gut-homing adaptive NK cells but result in pathogenic suppression of CD3ζ-Zap70 signaling and function. Herein, we provide a mechanism of virus-dependent alternative signaling that may explain the acquisition of adaptive features by primate NK cells and could be targeted for future vaccine or curative therapies. Gamma-chain-deficient adaptive NK cells are robust mediators of antiviral immunity via ADCC. Shah et al. demonstrate using macaque models that acquisition of these features requires previous priming with CMV infection and involves alternative signaling via CD3zeta but is actively suppressed by lentivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandan V Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel R Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Itell
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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7
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Shang L, Smith AJ, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Carlis JV, Haase AT. Vaccine-Associated Maintenance of Epithelial Integrity Correlated With Protection Against Virus Entry. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1272-1283. [PMID: 29401315 PMCID: PMC6455945 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) might penetrate the epithelial barrier during sexual transmission to women and the mechanisms of vaccine-associated protection against entry, we characterized early epithelial responses to vaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac251 (SIVmac251) in naive or SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Vaginal inoculation induced an early stress response in the cervicovaginal epithelium, which was associated with impaired epithelial integrity, damaged barrier function, and virus and bacterial translocation. In vaccinated animals, early stress responses were suppressed, and the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity correlated with prevention of virus entry. These vaccine-protective effects were associated with a previously described mucosal system for locally producing and concentrating trimeric gp41 antibodies at the mucosal interface and with formation of SIV-specific immune complexes that block the stress responses via binding to the epithelial receptor FCGR2B and subsequent inhibitory signaling. Thus, blocking virus entry may be one protective mechanism by which locally concentrated non-neutralizing Ab might prevent HIV sexual transmission to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J V Carlis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
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8
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Shang L, Smith AJ, Reilly CS, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Carlis JV, Haase AT. Vaccine-modified NF-kB and GR signaling in cervicovaginal epithelium correlates with protection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:512-522. [PMID: 28792003 PMCID: PMC5807226 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervicovaginal epithelium plays a critical role in determining the outcome of virus transmission in the female reproductive tract (FRT) by initiating or suppressing transmission-facilitating mucosal immune responses in naïve and SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated animals, respectively. In this study, we examined the very early responses of cervical epithelium within 24 h after vaginal exposure to SIV in naive and SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Using both ex vivo and in vivo experimental systems, we found that vaginal exposure to SIV rapidly induces a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory responses in the epithelium associated with a reciprocal regulation of NF-kB and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathways. Conversely, maintenance of high-level GR expression and suppression of NF-kB expression in the epithelium were associated with an immunologically quiescent state in the FRT mucosa and protection against vaginal challenge in SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated animals. We show that the immunologically quiescent state is induced by FCGR2B-immune complexes interactions that modify the reciprocal regulation of NF-kB and GR signaling pathways. Our results suggest that targeting the balance of NF-kB and GR signaling in early cervicovaginal epithelium responses could moderate mucosal inflammation and target cell availability after vaginal infection, thereby providing a complementary approach to current prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - C S Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J V Carlis
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Wu HL, Wiseman RW, Hughes CM, Webb GM, Abdulhaqq SA, Bimber BN, Hammond KB, Reed JS, Gao L, Burwitz BJ, Greene JM, Ferrer F, Legasse AW, Axthelm MK, Park BS, Brackenridge S, Maness NJ, McMichael AJ, Picker LJ, O'Connor DH, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. The Role of MHC-E in T Cell Immunity Is Conserved among Humans, Rhesus Macaques, and Cynomolgus Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:49-60. [PMID: 29150562 PMCID: PMC5736429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC-E is a highly conserved nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule that predominantly binds and presents MHC class Ia leader sequence-derived peptides for NK cell regulation. However, MHC-E also binds pathogen-derived peptide Ags for presentation to CD8+ T cells. Given this role in adaptive immunity and its highly monomorphic nature in the human population, HLA-E is an attractive target for novel vaccine and immunotherapeutic modalities. Development of HLA-E-targeted therapies will require a physiologically relevant animal model that recapitulates HLA-E-restricted T cell biology. In this study, we investigated MHC-E immunobiology in two common nonhuman primate species, Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) and Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM). Compared to humans and MCM, RM expressed a greater number of MHC-E alleles at both the population and individual level. Despite this difference, human, RM, and MCM MHC-E molecules were expressed at similar levels across immune cell subsets, equivalently upregulated by viral pathogens, and bound and presented identical peptides to CD8+ T cells. Indeed, SIV-specific, Mamu-E-restricted CD8+ T cells from RM recognized antigenic peptides presented by all MHC-E molecules tested, including cross-species recognition of human and MCM SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Thus, MHC-E is functionally conserved among humans, RM, and MCM, and both RM and MCM represent physiologically relevant animal models of HLA-E-restricted T cell immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Gabriela M Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Shaheed A Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Katherine B Hammond
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Fidel Ferrer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Byung S Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70118; and
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006;
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
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10
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Shang L, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Smith AJ, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Haase AT. Epithelium-innate immune cell axis in mucosal responses to SIV. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:508-519. [PMID: 27435105 PMCID: PMC5250613 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus)-rhesus macaque model of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type I) transmission to women, one hallmark of the mucosal response to exposure to high doses of SIV is CD4 T-cell recruitment that fuels local virus expansion in early infection. In this study, we systematically analyzed the cellular events and chemoattractant profiles in cervical tissues that precede CD4 T-cell recruitment. We show that vaginal exposure to the SIV inoculum rapidly induces chemokine expression in cervical epithelium including CCL3, CCL20, and CXCL8. The chemokine expression is associated with early recruitment of macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells that are co-clustered underneath the cervical epithelium. Production of chemokines CCL3 and CXCL8 by these cells in turn generates a chemokine gradient that is spatially correlated with the recruitment of CD4 T cells. We further show that the protection of SIVmac239Δnef vaccination against vaginal challenge is correlated with the absence of this epithelium-innate immune cell-CD4 T-cell axis response in the cervical mucosa. Our results reveal a critical role for cervical epithelium in initiating early mucosal responses to vaginal infection, highlight an important role for macrophages in target cell recruitment, and provide further evidence of a paradoxical dampening effect of a protective vaccine on these early mucosal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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11
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CD4+ T-cell-independent mechanisms suppress reactivation of latent tuberculosis in a macaque model of HIV coinfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5636-44. [PMID: 27601645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611987113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV in coinfected patients has profoundly impacted global mortality because of tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. HIV significantly increases rates of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) to active disease, with the decline in CD4(+) T cells believed to be the major causality. In this study, nonhuman primates were coinfected with Mtb and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), recapitulating human coinfection. A majority of animals exhibited rapid reactivation of Mtb replication, progressing to disseminated TB and increased SIV-associated pathology. Although a severe loss of pulmonary CD4(+) T cells was observed in all coinfected macaques, a subpopulation of the animals was still able to prevent reactivation and maintain LTBI. Investigation of pulmonary immune responses and pathology in this cohort demonstrated that increased CD8(+) memory T-cell proliferation, higher granzyme B production, and expanded B-cell follicles correlated with protection from reactivation. Our findings reveal mechanisms that control SIV- and TB-associated pathology. These CD4-independent protective immune responses warrant further studies in HIV coinfected humans able to control their TB infection. Moreover, these findings will provide insight into natural immunity to Mtb and will guide development of novel vaccine strategies and immunotherapies.
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12
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Boesch AW, Brown EP, Ackerman ME. The role of Fc receptors in HIV prevention and therapy. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:296-310. [PMID: 26497529 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a wealth of experimental evidence has accumulated supporting the importance of Fc receptor (FcR) ligation in antibody-mediated pathology and protection in many disease states. Here we present the diverse evidence base that has accumulated as to the importance of antibody effector functions in the setting of HIV prevention and therapy, including clinical correlates, genetic associations, viral evasion strategies, and a rapidly growing number of compelling animal model experiments. Collectively, this work identifies antibody interactions with FcR as important to both therapeutic and prophylactic strategies involving both passive and active immunity. These findings mirror those in other fields as investigators continue to work toward identifying the right antibodies and the right effectors to be present at the right sites at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Boesch
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eric P Brown
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
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13
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Prospects for engineering HIV-specific antibodies for enhanced effector function and half-life. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2016; 10:160-9. [PMID: 25700208 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A wealth of recent animal model data suggests that as exciting possibilities for the use of antibodies in passive immunotherapy strategies continue to develop, it will be important to broadly consider how antibodies achieve anti-HIV-1 effect in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS Beyond neutralization breadth and potency, substantial evidence from natural infection, vaccination, and studies in animal models points to a critical role for antibody Fc receptor (FcR) engagement in reducing risk of infection, decreasing postinfection viremia, and delaying viral rebound. Supporting these findings in the setting of HIV, the clinical maturation of recombinant antibody therapeutics has reinforced the importance of Fc-driven activity in vivo across many disease settings, as well as opportunely resulted in the development and exploration of a number of engineered Fc sequence and glycosylation variants that possess differential binding to FcRs. Exploiting these variants as tools, the individual and concerted effects of antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition, phagocytosis, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody half-life, and compartmentalization are now being explored. As exciting molecular therapies are advanced, these studies promise to provide insight into optimal in-vivo antibody activity profiles. SUMMARY Careful consideration of recent progress in understanding protective antibody activities in vivo can point toward how tailoring antibody activity via Fc domain modification may enable optimization of HIV prevention and eradication strategies.
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14
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Reeves RK, Li H, Jost S, Blass E, Li H, Schafer JL, Varner V, Manickam C, Eslamizar L, Altfeld M, von Andrian UH, Barouch DH. Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:927-32. [PMID: 26193080 PMCID: PMC4545390 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been considered nonspecific components of innate immunity, but recent studies have shown features of antigen-specific memory in mouse NK cells. However, it has remained unclear whether this phenomenon also exists in primates. We found that splenic and hepatic NK cells from SHIV(SF162P3)-infected and SIV(mac251)-infected macaques specifically lysed Gag- and Env-pulsed dendritic cells in an NKG2-dependent fashion, in contrast to NK cells from uninfected macaques. Moreover, splenic and hepatic NK cells from Ad26-vaccinated macaques efficiently lysed antigen-matched but not antigen-mismatched targets 5 years after vaccination. These data demonstrate that robust, durable, antigen-specific NK cell memory can be induced in primates after both infection and vaccination, and this finding could be important for the development of vaccines against HIV-1 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Haiying Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eryn Blass
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hualin Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jamie L. Schafer
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Leila Eslamizar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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15
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Ellegård R, Crisci E, Andersson J, Shankar EM, Nyström S, Hinkula J, Larsson M. Impaired NK Cell Activation and Chemotaxis toward Dendritic Cells Exposed to Complement-Opsonized HIV-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1698-704. [PMID: 26157174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa resident dendritic cells (DCs) may represent one of the first immune cells that HIV-1 encounters during sexual transmission. The virions in body fluids can be opsonized with complement factors because of HIV-mediated triggering of the complement cascade, and this appears to influence numerous aspects of the immune defense targeting the virus. One key attribute of host defense is the ability to attract immune cells to the site of infection. In this study, we investigated whether the opsonization of HIV with complement (C-HIV) or a mixture of complement and Abs (CI-HIV) affected the cytokine and chemokine responses generated by DCs, as well as their ability to attract other immune cells. We found that the expression levels of CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL17 were lowered after exposure to either C-HIV or CI-HIV relative to free HIV (F-HIV). DCs exposed to F-HIV induced higher cell migration, consisting mainly of NK cells, compared with opsonized virus, and the chemotaxis of NK cells was dependent on CCL3 and CXCL10. NK cell exposure to supernatants derived from HIV-exposed DCs showed that F-HIV induced phenotypic activation (e.g., increased levels of TIM3, CD69, and CD25) and effector function (e.g., production of IFNγ and killing of target cells) in NK cells, whereas C-HIV and CI-HIV did not. The impairment of NK cell recruitment by DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV and the lack of NK activation may contribute to the failure of innate immune responses to control HIV at the site of initial mucosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Elisa Crisci
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Jonas Andersson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; and
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16
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Ankathatti Munegowda M, Hu J. Transient blocking of NK cell function with small molecule inhibitors for helper dependant adenoviral vector-mediated gene delivery. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:29. [PMID: 26085921 PMCID: PMC4470062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in gene therapy is the host immune responses against viral vectors. Previous studies indicate the involvement of NK cells in stunted gene expression in viral vector mediated gene therapy. To understand the problem of the immune responses, we have developed an in-vitro co-culture system with human NK cell line, macrophages and airway epithelial cells. We showed that small molecule blockers, CAPE and ruxolitinib, for NF-κB and JAK-STAT pathways, respectively, significantly inhibited cytokine secretion by macrophages. When NK cells are co-cultured with helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector activated macrophages, IFN-γ cytokine expression by NK cells increased significantly, which was inhibited effectively by ruxolitinib and CAPE, and there was an additive effect when both inhibitors were used. We demonstrated that NK cells activated by cytokines produced by HD-Ad-activated macrophages kill HD-Ad vector transduced bronchial epithelial cells. This cell killing activity was significantly reduced by CAPE and ruxolitinib. Combination of these two inhibitors had an additive effect on inhibiting NK cell mediate killing of gene transduced cells. Transient inhibition of NK cell response at its peak may enhance sustained gene expression. Our data suggest that combination of CAPE and ruxolitinib may help in protecting gene transduced airway epithelial cells to prolong transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Ankathatti Munegowda
- Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 9th floor, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 9th floor, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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17
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Schaefer K, Brown N, Kaye PM, Lacey CJ. Cervico-vaginal immunoglobulin G levels increase post-ovulation independently of neutrophils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114824. [PMID: 25479383 PMCID: PMC4257712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is often higher in females than in males. Although the reproductive cycle profoundly modulates local immunity in the female reproductive tract (FRT) system, significant gaps in our knowledge of the immunobiology of the FRT still exist. An intriguing and frequently observed characteristic of the FRT is the predominant presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G in cervico-vaginal secretions. We show here that in the mouse, IgG accumulation was enhanced approximately 5-fold post-ovulation, and was accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the FRT. To determine whether these two events were causally related, we performed short-term neutrophil depletion experiments at individual stages throughout the estrous cycle. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils were not necessary for cycle-dependent tissue remodeling and cycle progression and that cycle-dependent IgG accumulation occurred independent of neutrophils. We thus conclude that neutrophil influx and IgG accumulation are independent events that occur in the FRT during the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrein Schaefer
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles J. Lacey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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18
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Li Q, Zeng M, Duan L, Voss JE, Smith AJ, Pambuccian S, Shang L, Wietgrefe S, Southern PJ, Reilly CS, Skinner PJ, Zupancic ML, Carlis JV, Piatak M, Waterman D, Reeves RK, Masek-Hammerman K, Derdeyn CA, Alpert MD, Evans DT, Kohler H, Müller S, Robinson J, Lifson JD, Burton DR, Johnson RP, Haase AT. Live simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine correlate of protection: local antibody production and concentration on the path of virus entry. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:3113-25. [PMID: 25135832 PMCID: PMC4157131 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We sought design principles for a vaccine to prevent HIV transmission to women by identifying correlates of protection conferred by a highly effective live attenuated SIV vaccine in the rhesus macaque animal model. We show that SIVmac239Δnef vaccination recruits plasma cells and induces ectopic lymphoid follicle formation beneath the mucosal epithelium in the rhesus macaque female reproductive tract. The plasma cells and ectopic follicles produce IgG Abs reactive with viral envelope glycoprotein gp41 trimers, and these Abs are concentrated on the path of virus entry by the neonatal FcR in cervical reserve epithelium and in vaginal epithelium. This local Ab production and delivery system correlated spatially and temporally with the maturation of local protection against high-dose pathogenic SIV vaginal challenge. Thus, designing vaccines to elicit production and concentration of Abs at mucosal frontlines could aid in the development of an effective vaccine to protect women against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - James E Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Design, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stefan Pambuccian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Peter J Southern
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Cavan S Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pamela J Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Mary L Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - John V Carlis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - R Keith Reeves
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katherine Masek-Hammerman
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Yerkes, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Michael D Alpert
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David T Evans
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Heinz Kohler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | | | - James Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infectious Diseases, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Design, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - R Paul Johnson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown, MA 02129; New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Ashley T Haase
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
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