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Crossey E, Carty S, Shao F, Henao-Vasquez J, Ysasi AB, Zeng M, Hinds A, Lo M, Tilston-Lunel A, Varelas X, Jones MR, Fine A. Influenza induces lung lymphangiogenesis independent of YAP/TAZ activity in lymphatic endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21324. [PMID: 39266641 PMCID: PMC11393066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system consists of a vessel network lined by specialized lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that are responsible for tissue fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. The mechanisms for organ-specific LEC responses to environmental cues are not well understood. We found robust lymphangiogenesis during influenza A virus infection in the adult mouse lung. We show that the number of LECs increases twofold at 7 days post-influenza infection (dpi) and threefold at 21 dpi, and that lymphangiogenesis is preceded by lymphatic dilation. We also show that the expanded lymphatic network enhances fluid drainage to mediastinal lymph nodes. Using EdU labeling, we found that a significantly higher number of pulmonary LECs are proliferating at 7 dpi compared to LECs in homeostatic conditions. Lineage tracing during influenza indicates that new pulmonary LECs are derived from preexisting LECs rather than non-LEC progenitors. Lastly, using a conditional LEC-specific YAP/TAZ knockout model, we established that lymphangiogenesis, fluid transport and the immune response to influenza are independent of YAP/TAZ activity in LECs. These findings were unexpected, as they indicate that YAP/TAZ signaling is not crucial for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Crossey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Senegal Carty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jhonatan Henao-Vasquez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michelle Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ming Lo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Boston University National Emerging and Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, R-304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Fry LG, Washam CL, Roys H, Bowlin AK, Venugopal G, Bird JT, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. HIF-α signaling regulates the macrophage inflammatory response during Leishmania major infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.27.605844. [PMID: 39253467 PMCID: PMC11383058 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.27.605844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) contributes significantly to the global burden of neglected tropical diseases, with 12 million people currently infected with Leishmania parasites. CL encompasses a range of disease manifestations, from self-healing skin lesions to permanent disfigurations. Currently there is no vaccine available, and many patients are refractory to treatment, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic targets. Previous work demonstrated macrophage HIF-α-mediated lymphangiogenesis is necessary to achieve efficient wound resolution during murine L. major infection. Here, we investigate the role of macrophage HIF-α signaling independent of lymphangiogenesis. We sought to determine the relative contributions of the parasite and the host-mediated inflammation in the lesional microenvironment to myeloid HIF-α signaling. Because HIF-α activation can be detected in infected and bystander macrophages in leishmanial lesions, we hypothesize it is the host's inflammatory response and microenvironment, rather than the parasite, that triggers HIF-α activation. To address this, macrophages from mice with intact HIF-α signaling (LysM Cre ARNT f/+ ) or mice with deleted HIF-α signaling (LysM Cre ARNT f/f ) were subjected to RNASequencing after L. major infection and under pro-inflammatory stimulus. We report that L. major infection alone is enough to induce some minor HIF-α-dependent transcriptomic changes, while infection with L. major in combincation with pro-inflammatory stimuli induces numerous transcriptomic changes that are both dependent and independent of HIF-α signaling. Additionally, by coupling transcriptomic analysis with several pathway analyses, we found HIF-α suppresses pathways involved in protein translation during L. major infection in a pro-inflammatory environment. Together these findings show L. major induces a HIF-α-dependent transcriptomic program, but HIF-α only suppresses protein translation in a pro-inflammatory environment. Thus, this work indicates the host inflammatory response, rather than the parasite, largely contributes to myeloid HIF-α signaling during Leishmania infection.
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Roys H, Arykbayeva A, Friedman SK, Gifford G, Palmer ER, Rogers A, Tran ENH, Fry L, Weaver A, Bowlin A, Jones MD, Eledge MR, Boehme KW, Naumiec GR, Weinkopff T. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation shows disquaramide compounds are a promising class of anti-leishmanial drugs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.23.605637. [PMID: 39229173 PMCID: PMC11370558 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.23.605637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of treatment failures with current pharmaceutics, as well as a lack of a vaccine, demonstrates the need to develop new treatment options for leishmaniasis. Herein, we describe the synthesis and in vitro analysis of 24 disquaramide compounds targeting the Leishmania major parasite. Of the compounds that were evaluated, six of them ( 13 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 24 , and 26 ) were capable of significantly decreasing the number of parasites by up to 42% compared to the control by day four. This demonstrates that disquaramides either impair parasite replication or have leishmancidal effects. Additionally, none of the disquaramide compounds tested displayed host cell cytotoxicity. These experiments provide evidence that disquaramides have the potential to be effective anti-leishmanial therapeutics.
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Fry L, Roys H, Bowlin A, Venugopal G, Bird JT, Weaver A, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. Enhanced translational activity is linked to lymphatic endothelial cell activation in cutaneous leishmaniasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.07.605632. [PMID: 39211126 PMCID: PMC11361129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.605632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem leading to permanently disfiguring skin lesions caused by Leishmania parasites. Lesion severity stems from an excessive host inflammatory response that prevents healing. Here, we characterized the transcriptional and translational responses of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during murine CL using historical single-cell RNA sequencing data combined with flow cytometry and in vivo puromycin incorporation to assess translational activity. We identified upregulation of antigen presentation pathways including MHC-I, MHC-II, and immunoproteasome transcripts in dermal LECs from Leishmania major -infected mice compared to naive controls. LECs also exhibited increased expression of guanylate binding proteins and interferon-inducible genes, indicative of immune activation. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that LECs in leishmanial lesions displayed heightened translational activity relative to LECs from uninflamed ears, and LEC translational activity was highest in activated LECs. Furthermore, LEC translational activity exceeded that of other cell types within the lesion microenvironment. Validating the transcriptomic data, LECs in lesions expressed elevated MHC-II and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1), supporting their potential role in antigen presentation. Functional assays using DQ-OVA confirmed that LECs from leishmanial lesions efficiently uptake and process antigens, highlighting their capability as antigen presenting cells in the inflamed dermal microenvironment. Overall, our study reveals the activation status of LECs in leishmanial lesions, shedding light on their potential role in shaping local immunity and inflammation in a variety of skin diseases.
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Sanz CR, Sarquis J, Daza MÁ, Miró G. Exploring the impact of epidemiological and clinical factors on the progression of canine leishmaniosis by statistical and whole genome analyses: from breed predisposition to comorbidities. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:401-414. [PMID: 38570155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a complex disease of growing importance in Europe. Clinical manifestations result from the down-modulation of the host immune response through multiple host-parasite interactions. Although several factors might influence CanL progression, this is the first known study evaluating risk factors for its different clinical stages in a large referral hospital population (n = 35.669) from an endemic area, over a 20 year period. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures were also conducted to explore the genomic component of clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection. The prevalence of CanL was 3.2% (16.7% stage I; 43.6% stage II; 32.1% stage III; 7.6% stage IV). Dog breed (crossbreed), bodyweight (<10 kg), living conditions (indoors), regular deworming treatment, and being vaccinated against Leishmania significantly decreased the transmission risk and the risk for developing severe clinical forms. Conversely, the detection of comorbidities was associated with advanced clinical forms, particularly chronic kidney disease, neoplasia, cryptorchidism, infectious tracheobronchitis and urate urolithiasis, although those did not impact the clinical outcome. Significant associations between an increased risk of severe clinical stages and findings in the anamnesis (renal or skin-related manifestations) and physical examination (ocular findings) were also detected, highlighting their diagnostic value in referred cases of CanL. Sixteen breeds were found to be significantly more susceptible to developing severe stages of leishmaniosis (e.g. Great Dane, Rottweiler, English Springer Spaniel, Boxer, American Staffordshire Terrier, Golden Retriever), while 20 breeds displayed a clinical resistantance phenotype and, thus, are more likely to mount an efficient immune response against L. infantum (e.g. Pointer, Samoyed, Spanish Mastiff, Spanish Greyhound, English Setter, Siberian Husky). Genomic analyses of these breeds retrieved 12 regions under selection, 63 candidate genes and pinpointed multiple biological pathways such as the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response, which could play a critical role in clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Sanz
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Juliana Sarquis
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Daza
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Savardashtaki A, Khalili Alashti S, Vafadar A, Sadeghi M, Baneshi M, Hashemi KS, Karami J, Muro A, Manzano-Roman R, Rashidi S. An integrated bioinformatic analysis of microarray datasets to identify biomarkers and miRNA-based regulatory networks in leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12981. [PMID: 38839916 PMCID: PMC11153516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs, miRs) and relevant networks might exert crucial functions during differential host cell infection by the different Leishmania species. Thus, a bioinformatic analysis of microarray datasets was developed to identify pivotal shared biomarkers and miRNA-based regulatory networks for Leishmaniasis. A transcriptomic analysis by employing a comprehensive set of gene expression profiling microarrays was conducted to identify the key genes and miRNAs relevant for Leishmania spp. infections. Accordingly, the gene expression profiles of healthy human controls were compared with those of individuals infected with Leishmania mexicana, L. major, L. donovani, and L. braziliensis. The enrichment analysis for datasets was conducted by utilizing EnrichR database, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to identify the hub genes. The prognostic value of hub genes was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, the miRNAs that interact with the hub genes were identified using miRTarBase, miRWalk, TargetScan, and miRNet. Differentially expressed genes were identified between the groups compared in this study. These genes were significantly enriched in inflammatory responses, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways and granulocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis responses. The identification of hub genes of recruited datasets suggested that TNF, SOCS3, JUN, TNFAIP3, and CXCL9 may serve as potential infection biomarkers and could deserve value as prognostic biomarkers for leishmaniasis. Additionally, inferred data from miRWalk revealed a significant degree of interaction of a number of miRNAs (hsa-miR-8085, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-4743-3p, hsa-miR-892c-3p, hsa-miR-4644, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-4267, hsa-miR-5196-5p, and hsa-miR-4252) with the majority of the hub genes, suggesting such miRNAs play a crucial role afterwards parasite infection. The hub genes and hub miRNAs identified in this study could be potentially suggested as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for the management of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shayan Khalili Alashti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Baneshi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jafar Karami
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (E-INTRO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl Manzano-Roman
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (E-INTRO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), University of Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sajad Rashidi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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Ribeiro FN, de Souza TL, Menezes RC, Keidel L, dos Santos JPR, da Silva IJ, Pelajo-Machado M, Morgado FN, Porrozzi R. Anatomical Vascular Differences and Leishmania-Induced Vascular Morphological Changes Are Associated with a High Parasite Load in the Skin of Dogs Infected with Leishmania infantum. Pathogens 2024; 13:371. [PMID: 38787223 PMCID: PMC11123845 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, affects several organs, including the skin. Dogs are considered the major domestic reservoir animals for leishmaniasis, and through their highly parasitized skin, they can serve as a source of infection for sandfly vectors. Therefore, studies of the skin parasite-host relationship can contribute to the understanding of the infectious dissemination processes of parasites in the dermis and help to identify targets for diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of anatomical vascular differences and Leishmania-induced vascular morphological changes with clinical signs and parasite load by analyzing the ear and abdominal skin from dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Paired samples of ear and abdominal skin from L. infantum-positive dogs (n = 26) were submitted for histological and immunohistochemistry analyses. The ear skin samples showed a more intense and more diffusely distributed granulomatous inflammatory reaction, a higher number and larger diameter of blood vessels, increased parasite load, higher expression of VEGF+ (vascular endothelial growth factor) and MAC 387+ (calprotectin) recently infiltrating cells, and more intense collagen disruption compared to the abdominal skin samples. Intracellular amastigotes were observed in blood vessels and inside endothelial cells and were diffusely distributed throughout the dermis in the ear skin samples. The NOS2/MAC387+ cell ratio was lower in the ear skin samples than in those of the abdomen, suggesting that in the ear dermis, the inflammatory infiltrate was less capable of producing NO and thereby control the parasite load. Together, these findings indicate how parasites and immune cells are distributed in the skin and suggest an important role for dermal vascularization in cellular influx and thereby in parasite dissemination through the skin of naturally infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francini N. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tainã L. de Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C. Menezes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.C.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Lucas Keidel
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (R.C.M.); (L.K.)
| | - João Paulo R. dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Igor J. da Silva
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (I.J.d.S.); (M.P.-M.)
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda N. Morgado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Renato Porrozzi
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.N.R.); (T.L.d.S.)
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Diotallevi A, Bruno F, Castelli G, Persico G, Buffi G, Ceccarelli M, Ligi D, Mannello F, Vitale F, Magnani M, Galluzzi L. Transcriptional signatures in human macrophage-like cells infected by Leishmania infantum, Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012085. [PMID: 38578804 PMCID: PMC11023634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Mediterranean basin, three Leishmania species have been identified: L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica, causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and anthroponotic CL, respectively. Despite animal models and genomic/transcriptomic studies provided important insights, the pathogenic determinants modulating the development of VL and CL are still poorly understood. This work aimed to identify host transcriptional signatures shared by cells infected with L. infantum, L. major, and L. tropica, as well as specific transcriptional signatures elicited by parasites causing VL (i.e., L. infantum) and parasites involved in CL (i.e., L. major, L. tropica). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS U937 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells were infected with L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica for 24h and 48h, and total RNA was extracted. RNA sequencing, performed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, was used to evaluate the transcriptional signatures of infected cells with respect to non-infected cells at both time points. The EdgeR package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (fold change > 2 and FDR-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Then, functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify the enriched ontology terms in which these genes are involved. At 24h post-infection, a common signature of 463 dysregulated genes shared among all infection conditions was recognized, while at 48h post-infection the common signature was reduced to 120 genes. Aside from a common transcriptional response, we evidenced different upregulated functional pathways characterizing L. infantum-infected cells, such as VEGFA-VEGFR2 and NFE2L2-related pathways, indicating vascular remodeling and reduction of oxidative stress as potentially important factors for visceralization. CONCLUSIONS The identification of pathways elicited by parasites causing VL or CL could lead to new therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis, combining the canonical anti-leishmania compounds with host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diotallevi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Federica Bruno
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Germano Castelli
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Persico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vitale
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Crossey E, Carty S, Shao F, Henao-Vasquez J, Ysasi AB, Zeng M, Hinds A, Lo M, Tilston-Lunel A, Varelas X, Jones MR, Fine A. Influenza Induces Lung Lymphangiogenesis Independent of YAP/TAZ Activity in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3951689. [PMID: 38463972 PMCID: PMC10925403 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3951689/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system consists of a vessel network lined by specialized lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that are responsible for tissue fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. The mechanisms for organ-specific LEC responses to environmental cues are not well understood. We found robust lymphangiogenesis during influenza A virus infection in the adult mouse lung. We show that the number of LECs increases 2-fold at 7 days post-influenza infection (dpi) and 3-fold at 21 dpi, and that lymphangiogenesis is preceded by lymphatic dilation. We also show that the expanded lymphatic network enhances fluid drainage to mediastinal lymph nodes. Using EdU labeling, we found that a significantly higher number of pulmonary LECs are proliferating at 7 dpi compared to LECs in homeostatic conditions. Lineage tracing during influenza indicates that new pulmonary LECs are derived from preexisting LECs rather than non-LEC progenitors. Lastly, using a conditional LEC-specific YAP/TAZ knockout model, we established that lymphangiogenesis, fluid transport and the immune response to influenza are independent of YAP/TAZ activity in LECs. These findings were unexpected, as they indicate that YAP/TAZ signaling is not crucial for these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Crossey
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Senegal Carty
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Michelle Zeng
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Anne Hinds
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Ming Lo
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Matthew R Jones
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Alan Fine
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
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Venugopal G, Bird JT, Roys H, Bowlin A, Fry L, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. BOTH THE INFECTION STATUS AND INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT INDUCE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REMODELING IN MACROPHAGES IN MURINE LEISHMANIAL LESIONS. J Parasitol 2023; 109:200-210. [PMID: 37270767 DOI: 10.1645/22-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which resides intracellularly in dermal macrophages (Mø), producing lesions. The skin lesions are characterized by proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors as well as inflammatory hypoxia, creating a stressful microenvironment for Mø. Of importance, not all Mø in lesions harbor parasites. To distinguish the influence of the parasite from the inflammatory microenvironment after Leishmania major (LM) infection on the Mø, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and compared Mø associated with LM transcripts (or 'infected' Mø) with Mø not associated with LM transcripts (or 'bystander' Mø) within the lesions. Our findings show coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation signaling with increased cathepsin and H+-ATPase transcripts are upregulated in infected compared with bystander Mø. Additionally, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling is downregulated in infected compared with bystander Mø, which includes many small and large ribosomal subunit (Rps and Rpl) transcripts being decreased in Mø harboring parasites. Furthermore, we also find EIF2 signaling including EIF, Rps, and Rpl transcripts being downregulated in bystander Mø compared with Mø from naïve skin. These data suggest that both the parasite and the inflammatory host microenvironment affect the transcription of ribosomal machinery in lesional Mø, thereby potentially affecting the ability of these cells to perform translation, protein synthesis, and thus function. Altogether, these results suggest that both the parasite and host inflammatory microenvironment independently drive transcriptional remodeling in Mø during LM infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Venugopal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Jordan T Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Hayden Roys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Anne Bowlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Lucy Fry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Tiffany Weinkopff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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11
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de Mesquita TGR, Junior JDES, da Silva LDO, Silva GAV, de Araújo FJ, Pinheiro SK, Kerr HKA, da Silva LS, de Souza LM, de Almeida SA, Queiroz KLGD, de Souza JL, da Silva CC, Sequera HDG, de Souza MLG, Barbosa AN, Pontes GS, Guerra MVDF, Ramasawmy R. Distinct plasma chemokines and cytokines signatures in Leishmania guyanensis-infected patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974051. [PMID: 36091007 PMCID: PMC9453042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology associated with Leishmaniasis is a consequence of inflammation. Upon infection with Leishmania, the type of host-immune response is determinant for the clinical manifestations that can lead to either self-healing or chronic disease. Multiple pathways may determine disease severity. A comparison of systemic immune profiles in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. guyanensis and healthy individuals with the same socio-epidemiological characteristics coming from the same endemic areas as the patients is performed to identify particular immune profile and pathways associated with the progression of disease development. Twenty-seven plasma soluble circulating factors were evaluated between the groups by univariate and multivariate analysis. The following biomarkers pairs IL-17/IL-9 (ρ=0,829), IL-17/IL-12 (ρ=0,786), IL-6/IL-1ra (ρ=0,785), IL-6/IL-12 (ρ=0,780), IL-1β/G-CSF (ρ=0,758) and IL-17/MIP-1β (ρ=0,754) showed the highest correlation mean among the patient while only INF-γ/IL-4 (ρ=0.740), 17/MIP-1β (ρ=0,712) and IL-17/IL-9 (ρ=0,707) exhibited positive correlation among the control group. The cytokine IL-17 and IL1β presented the greater number of positive pair correlation among the patients. The linear combinations of biomarkers displayed IP-10, IL-2 and RANTES as the variables with the higher discriminatory activity in the patient group compared to PDGF, IL-1ra and eotaxin among the control subjects. IP-10, IL-2, IL-1β, RANTES and IL-17 seem to be predictive value of progression to the development of disease among the Lg-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José do Espírito Santo Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - George Allan Villarouco Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Jules de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Suzana Kanawati Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Lener Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josué Lacerda de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Cilana Chagas da Silva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Héctor David Graterol Sequera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mara Lúcia Gomes de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinitius de Farias Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rajendranath Ramasawmy,
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12
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Brioschi MBC, Coser EM, Coelho AC, Gadelha FR, Miguel DC. Models for cytotoxicity screening of antileishmanial drugs: what has been done so far? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106612. [PMID: 35691601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated the in vitro potential of an impressive number of antileishmanial candidates in the past years. However, the lack of uniformity regarding the choice of cell types for cytotoxicity assays may lead to uncomparable and inconclusive data. In vitro assays relying solely on non-phagocytic cell models may not represent a realistic result as the effect of an antileishmanial agent should ideally be presented based on its cytotoxicity profile against reticuloendothelial system cells. In the present review, we have assembled studies published in the scientific literature from 2015 to 2021 that explored leishmanicidal candidates, emphasising the main host cell models used for cytotoxicity assays. The pros and cons of different host cell types as well as primary cells and cell lines are discussed in order to draw attention to the need to establish standardised protocols for preclinical testing when assessing new antileishmanial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B C Brioschi
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M Coser
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano C Coelho
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Gadelha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Snäkä T, Bekkar A, Desponds C, Prével F, Claudinot S, Isorce N, Teixeira F, Grasset C, Xenarios I, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas L, Fasel N. Sex-Biased Control of Inflammation and Metabolism by a Mitochondrial Nod-Like Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882867. [PMID: 35651602 PMCID: PMC9150262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate steroid hormone synthesis, and in turn sex hormones regulate mitochondrial function for maintaining cellular homeostasis and controlling inflammation. This crosstalk can explain sex differences observed in several pathologies such as in metabolic or inflammatory disorders. Nod-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is a mitochondria-associated innate receptor that could modulate metabolic functions and attenuates inflammatory responses. Here, we showed that in an infectious model with the human protozoan parasite, Leishmania guyanensis, NLRX1 attenuated inflammation in females but not in male mice. Analysis of infected female and male bone marrow derived macrophages showed both sex- and genotype-specific differences in both inflammatory and metabolic profiles with increased type I interferon production, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolytic rate in Nlrx1-deficient female BMDMs in comparison to wild-type cells, while no differences were observed between males. Transcriptomics of female and male BMDMs revealed an altered steroid hormone signaling in Nlrx1-deficient cells, and a “masculinization” of Nlrx1-deficient female BMDMs. Thus, our findings suggest that NLRX1 prevents uncontrolled inflammation and metabolism in females and therefore may contribute to the sex differences observed in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Snäkä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Amel Bekkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Desponds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prével
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Nathalie Isorce
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Coline Grasset
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Agora Center, Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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14
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Churchill MJ, du Bois H, Heim TA, Mudianto T, Steele MM, Nolz JC, Lund AW. Infection-induced lymphatic zippering restricts fluid transport and viral dissemination from skin. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211830. [PMID: 35353138 PMCID: PMC8972184 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are often considered passive conduits that flush antigenic material, pathogens, and cells to draining lymph nodes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that lymphatic vessels actively regulate diverse processes from antigen transport to leukocyte trafficking and dietary lipid absorption. Here we tested the hypothesis that infection-induced changes in lymphatic transport actively contribute to innate host defense. We demonstrate that cutaneous vaccinia virus infection by scarification activates dermal lymphatic capillary junction tightening (zippering) and lymph node lymphangiogenesis, which are associated with reduced fluid transport and cutaneous viral sequestration. Lymphatic-specific deletion of VEGFR2 prevented infection-induced lymphatic capillary zippering, increased fluid flux out of tissue, and allowed lymphatic dissemination of virus. Further, a reduction in dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes in the absence of lymphatic VEGFR2 associated with reduced antiviral CD8+ T cell expansion. These data indicate that VEGFR2-driven lymphatic remodeling is a context-dependent, active mechanism of innate host defense that limits viral dissemination and facilitates protective, antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Haley du Bois
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maria M. Steele
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey C. Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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15
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Sanz CR, Miró G, Sevane N, Reyes-Palomares A, Dunner S. Modulation of Host Immune Response during Leishmania infantum Natural Infection: A Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of the Popliteal Lymph Nodes in Dogs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794627. [PMID: 35058931 PMCID: PMC8763708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) in Europe, was responsible of the largest outbreak of human leishmaniosis in Spain. The parasite infects and survives within myeloid lineage cells, causing a potentially fatal disease if left untreated. The only treatment option relies on chemotherapy, although immunotherapy strategies are being considered as novel approaches to prevent progression of the disease. To this aim, a deeper characterization of the molecular mechanisms behind the immunopathogenesis of leishmaniosis is necessary. Thus, we evaluated, for the first time, the host immune response during L. infantum infection through transcriptome sequencing of the popliteal lymph nodes aspirates of dogs with CanL. Differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were performed, resulting in the identification of 5,461 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and four key modules in sick dogs, compared to controls. As expected, defense response was the highest enriched biological process in the DEGs, with six genes related to immune response against pathogens (CHI3L1, SLPI, ACOD1, CCL5, MPO, BPI) included among the ten most expressed genes; and two of the key co-expression modules were associated with regulation of immune response, which also positively correlated with clinical stage and blood monocyte concentration. In particular, sick dogs displayed significant changes in the expression of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tr1 cytokines (e. g. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-17, IL-15), markers of T cell and NK cell exhaustion (e. g. LAG3, CD244, Blimp-1, JUN), and B cell, monocyte and macrophage disrupted functionality (e. g. CD40LG, MAPK4, IL-1R, NLRP3, BCMA). In addition, we found an overexpression of XBP1 and some other genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response, as well as one co-expression module associated with these processes, which could be induced by L. infantum to prevent host cell apoptosis and modulate inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis at lymph nodes. Moreover, 21 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in sick dogs, and one key co-expression module was associated with chromatin organization, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms could also contribute to dampening host immune response during natural L. infantum infection in the lymph nodes of dogs suffering from clinical leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Sanz
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Sevane
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Dunner
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Bettadapura M, Roys H, Bowlin A, Venugopal G, Washam CL, Fry L, Murdock S, Wanjala H, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. HIF-α Activation Impacts Macrophage Function during Murine Leishmania major Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121584. [PMID: 34959539 PMCID: PMC8706659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmanial skin lesions are characterized by inflammatory hypoxia alongside the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and subsequent expression of the HIF-α target VEGF-A during Leishmania major infection. However, the factors responsible for HIF-α activation are not known. We hypothesize that hypoxia and proinflammatory stimuli contribute to HIF-α activation during infection. RNA-Seq of leishmanial lesions revealed that transcripts associated with HIF-1α signaling were induced. To determine whether hypoxia contributes to HIF-α activation, we followed the fate of myeloid cells infiltrating from the blood and into hypoxic lesions. Recruited myeloid cells experienced hypoxia when they entered inflamed lesions, and the length of time in lesions increased their hypoxic signature. To determine whether proinflammatory stimuli in the inflamed tissue can also influence HIF-α activation, we subjected macrophages to various proinflammatory stimuli and measured VEGF-A. While parasites alone did not induce VEGF-A, and proinflammatory stimuli only modestly induced VEGF-A, HIF-α stabilization increased VEGF-A during infection. HIF-α stabilization did not impact parasite entry, growth, or killing. Conversely, the absence of ARNT/HIF-α signaling enhanced parasite internalization. Altogether, these findings suggest that HIF-α is active during infection, and while macrophage HIF-α activation promotes lymphatic remodeling through VEGF-A production, HIF-α activation does not impact parasite internalization or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Bettadapura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hayden Roys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Anne Bowlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Gopinath Venugopal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.W.); (S.D.B.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Lucy Fry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Steven Murdock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Humphrey Wanjala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.W.); (S.D.B.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Tiffany Weinkopff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-5518
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17
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Network-Based Approaches Reveal Potential Therapeutic Targets for Host-Directed Antileishmanial Therapy Driving Drug Repurposing. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0101821. [PMID: 34668739 PMCID: PMC8528132 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01018-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are the causal agent of leishmaniasis, an endemic disease in more than 90 countries worldwide. Over the years, traditional approaches focused on the parasite when developing treatments against leishmaniasis. Despite numerous attempts, there is not yet a universal treatment, and those available have allowed for the appearance of resistance. Here, we propose and follow a host-directed approach that aims to overcome the current lack of treatment. Our approach identifies potential therapeutic targets in the host cell and proposes known drug interactions aiming to improve the immune response and to block the host machinery necessary for the survival of the parasite. We started analyzing transcription factor regulatory networks of macrophages infected with Leishmania major. Next, based on the regulatory dynamics of the infection and available gene expression profiles, we selected potential therapeutic target proteins. The function of these proteins was then analyzed following a multilayered network scheme in which we combined information on metabolic pathways with known drugs that have a direct connection with the activity carried out by these proteins. Using our approach, we were able to identify five host protein-coding gene products that are potential therapeutic targets for treating leishmaniasis. Moreover, from the 11 drugs known to interact with the function performed by these proteins, 3 have already been tested against this parasite, verifying in this way our novel methodology. More importantly, the remaining eight drugs previously employed to treat other diseases, remain as promising yet-untested antileishmanial therapies. IMPORTANCE This work opens a new path to fight parasites by targeting host molecular functions by repurposing available and approved drugs. We created a novel approach to identify key proteins involved in any biological process by combining gene regulatory networks and expression profiles. Once proteins have been selected, our approach employs a multilayered network methodology that relates proteins to functions to drugs that alter these functions. By applying our novel approach to macrophages during the Leishmania infection process, we both validated our work and found eight drugs already approved for use in humans that to the best of our knowledge were never employed to treat leishmaniasis, rendering our work as a new tool in the box available to the scientific community fighting parasites.
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18
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Lymphangiogenesis in Leishmania major Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012421. [PMID: 34031127 PMCID: PMC8281282 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00124-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a phenomenon seen in the cutaneous lesions formed during infection with Leishmania parasites. Within the lesion, Leishmania major infection leads to the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, and is associated with hypoxic conditions and lymphangiogenesis in the local site. This low-oxygen environment is concomitant with the expression of hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs), which initiate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in macrophages during the infection. Here, we found that macrophage hypoxia is elevated in the skin, and the HIF target Vegfa is preferentially expressed at the site of infection. Further, transcripts indicative of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation were increased at the site of infection. Given that HIF mediates VEGF-A and that VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling induces lymphangiogenesis, we wanted to investigate the link between myeloid HIF activation and lymphangiogenesis during L. major infection. We show that myeloid aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)/HIF/VEGF-A signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis (the generation of newly formed vessels within the local lymphatic network), which helps resolve the lesion by draining away inflammatory cells and fluid. Concomitant with impaired lymphangiogenesis, we find the deletion of myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with a heightened CD4+ Th1 immune response following L. major infection. Altogether, our data suggest that VEGF-A-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs through myeloid ARNT/HIF activation following Leishmania major infection and this process is critical in limiting immunopathology.
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Ocansey DKW, Pei B, Xu X, Zhang L, Olovo CV, Mao F. Cellular and molecular mediators of lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:254. [PMID: 34112196 PMCID: PMC8190852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reporting the intricate crosstalk between cellular and molecular mediators and the lymphatic endothelium in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suggest altered inflammatory cell drainage and lymphatic vasculature, implicating the lymphatic system as a player in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of intestinal diseases. This article aims to review recent data on the modulatory functions of cellular and molecular components of the IBD microenvironment on the lymphatic system, particularly lymphangiogenesis. It serves as a promising therapeutic target for IBD management and treatment. The interaction with gut microbiota is also explored. Main text Evidence shows that cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and certain non-immune cells participate in the complex processes of inflammatory-induced lymphangiogenesis through the secretion of a wide spectrum of molecular factors, which vary greatly among the various cells. Lymphangiogenesis enhances lymphatic fluid drainage, hence reduced infiltration of immunomodulatory cells and associated-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, some of the cellular mediators, including mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are a source of lymphangiogenic molecules, and a target as they express specific receptors for lymphangiogenic factors. Conclusion The effective target of lymphangiogenesis is expected to provide novel therapeutic interventions for intestinal inflammatory conditions, including IBD, through both immune and non-immune cells and based on cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis that facilitate inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Steele MM, Lund AW. Afferent Lymphatic Transport and Peripheral Tissue Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:264-272. [PMID: 33397740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels provide an anatomical framework for immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses. Although appreciated as the route for Ag and dendritic cell transport, peripheral lymphatic vessels are often not considered active players in immune surveillance. Lymphatic vessels, however, integrate contextual cues that directly regulate transport, including changes in intrinsic pumping and capillary remodeling, and express a dynamic repertoire of inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitates leukocyte egress out of inflamed tissue. These mechanisms together contribute to the course of peripheral tissue immunity. In this review, we focus on context-dependent mechanisms that regulate fluid and cellular transport out of peripheral nonlymphoid tissues to provide a framework for understanding the effects of afferent lymphatic transport on immune surveillance, peripheral tissue inflammation, and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Steele
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; .,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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21
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Gioseffi A, Edelmann MJ, Kima PE. Intravacuolar Pathogens Hijack Host Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis to Secrete Virulence Factors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662944. [PMID: 33959131 PMCID: PMC8093443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their contributions to cell-to-cell communication and disease processes. EVs are composed of a complex profile of bioactive molecules, which include lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and proteins. Although the biogenesis of EVs released by cells under various normal and abnormal conditions has been well-studied, there is incomplete knowledge about how infection influences EV biogenesis. EVs from infected cells contain specific molecules of both host and pathogen origin that may contribute to pathogenesis and the elicitation of the host immune response. Intracellular pathogens exhibit diverse lifestyles that undoubtedly dictate the mechanisms by which their molecules enter the cell’s exosome biogenesis schemes. We will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms used during infection to traffic molecules from their vacuolar niche to host EVs by selected intravacuolar pathogens. We initially review general exosome biogenesis schemes and then discuss what is known about EV biogenesis in Mycobacterium, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania infections, which are pathogens that reside within membrane delimited compartments in phagocytes at some time in their life cycle within mammalian hosts. The review includes discussion of the need for further studies into the biogenesis of EVs to better understand the contributions of these vesicles to host-pathogen interactions, and to uncover potential therapeutic targets to control these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gioseffi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mariola J Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Peter E Kima
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Clinical and immunological characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis cases in Bolivia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009223. [PMID: 33667232 PMCID: PMC7968743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a parasitic disease that can present a cutaneous or mucocutaneous clinical form (CL and MCL, respectively). The disease is caused by different Leishmania species and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Bolivia has one of the highest incidences of the disease in South America and the diagnosis is done by parasitological techniques. Our aim was to describe the clinical and immunological characteristics of CL and MCL patients attending the leishmaniasis reference center in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in order to gain updated clinical and epidemiological information, to evaluate the diagnostic methods used and to identify biomarkers related to clinical disease and its evolution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The study was conducted from September 2014 to November 2015 and 135 patients with lesions compatible with CL or MCL were included. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Two parasitological diagnostic methods were used: Giemsa-stained smears and culture of lesion aspirates. Blood samples obtained from participants were used to measure the concentrations of different cytokines. 59.2% (80/135) were leishmaniasis confirmed cases (CL: 71.3%; MCL: 28.7%). Sixty percent of the confirmed cases were positive by smears and 90.6% were positive by culture. 53.8% were primo-infections. Eotaxin and monokine induced by IFN-γ presented higher serum concentrations in the MCL clinical presentation compared to CL cases and no-cases. None of the cytokines presented different concentrations between primo-infections and secondary infections due to treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In Bolivia, parasitological diagnosis remains the reference standard in diagnosis of leishmaniasis because of its high specificity, whereas the sensitivity varies over a wide range leading to loss of cases. Until more accurate tools are implemented, all patients should be tested by both smears and culture of lesion aspirates to minimize the risk of false negatives. Our results showed higher concentrations of several cytokines in MCL compared to CL, but no differences were observed between CL and no-cases. In addition, none of the cytokines differed between primary and secondary infections. These results highlight the need of further research to identify biomarkers of susceptibility and disease progression, in addition to looking at the local cellular immune responses in the lesions.
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23
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Gioseffi A, Hamerly T, Van K, Zhang N, Dinglasan RR, Yates PA, Kima PE. Leishmania-infected macrophages release extracellular vesicles that can promote lesion development. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/12/e202000742. [PMID: 33122174 PMCID: PMC7652379 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani release extracellular vesicles that are composed of parasite and host-derived molecules that have the potential to induce vascular changes in tissues. Leishmania donovani infection of macrophages results in quantitative and qualitative changes in the protein profile of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the infected host cells. We confirmed mass spectrometry results orthogonally by performing Western blots for several Leishmania-infected macrophage-enriched EVs (LieEVs) molecules. Several host cell proteins in LieEVs have been implicated in promoting vascular changes in other systems. We also identified 59 parasite-derived proteins in LieEVs, including a putative L. donovani homolog of mammalian vasohibins (LdVash), which in mammals promotes angiogenesis. We developed a transgenic parasite that expressed an endogenously tagged LdVash/mNeonGreen (mNG) and confirmed that LdVash/mNG is indeed expressed in infected macrophages and in LieEVs. We further observed that LieEVs induce endothelial cells to release angiogenesis promoting mediators including IL-8, G-CSF/CSF-3, and VEGF-A. In addition, LieEVs induce epithelial cell migration and tube formation by endothelial cells in surrogate angiogenesis assays. Taken together, these studies show that Leishmania infection alters the composition of EVs from infected cells and suggest that LieEVs may play a role in the promotion of vascularization of Leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gioseffi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tim Hamerly
- Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kha Van
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naixin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Phillip A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter E Kima
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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24
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Varikuti S, Jha BK, Holcomb EA, McDaniel JC, Karpurapu M, Srivastava N, McGwire BS, Satoskar AR, Parinandi NL. The role of vascular endothelium and exosomes in human protozoan parasitic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4. [PMID: 33089078 PMCID: PMC7575144 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2020.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a vital component in maintaining the structure and function of blood vessels. The endothelial cells (ECs) mediate vital regulatory functions such as the proliferation of cells, permeability of various tissue membranes, and exchange of gases, thrombolysis, blood flow, and homeostasis. The vascular endothelium also regulates inflammation and immune cell trafficking, and ECs serve as a replicative niche for many bacterial, viral, and protozoan infectious diseases. Endothelial dysfunction can lead to vasodilation and pro-inflammation, which are the hallmarks of many severe diseases. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles that emerge from cells and serve as important extracellular components, which facilitate communication between cells and maintain homeostasis during normal and pathophysiological states. Exosomes are also involved in gene transfer, inflammation and antigen presentation, and mediation of the immune response during pathogenic states. Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular organisms that cause many infectious diseases in humans. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly evident that many protozoan parasites (such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Toxoplasma) utilize exosomes for the transfer of their virulence factors and effector molecules into the host cells, which manipulate the host gene expression, immune responses, and other biological activities to establish and modulate infection. In this review, we discuss the role of the vascular endothelium and exosomes in and their contribution to pathogenesis in malaria, African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis with an emphasis on their actions on the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.,Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Erin A Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Jodi C McDaniel
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Narasimham L Parinandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
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25
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Yin J, Ren Y, Shi C, Bergmann SM, Zhu X, Zeng W. Integrated analysis of mRNA-miRNA expression in Tilapia infected with Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and identifies primarily immuneresponse genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:208-226. [PMID: 32001353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated differential gene expression in Tilapia infected with the Tilapia Lake virus (TiLV).We used high-throughput sequencing to identify mRNAs and miRNAs involved in TiLV infection progression We identified 25,359 differentially expressed genes that included 863 new genes. We identified 1770, 4142 and 4947 differently expressed genes comparing non-infected controls with 24 and 120 h infections and between the infected groups, respectively. These genes were enriched to 291 GO terms and 62 KEGG pathways and included immune system progress and virion genes. High-throughput miRNA sequencing identified 316 conserved miRNAs, 525 known miRNAs and 592 novel miRNAs. Furthermore, 138, 198 and 153 differently expressed miRNAs were found between the 3 groups listed above, respectively. Target prediction revealed numerous genes including erythropoietin isoform X2, double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and tapasin-related protein that are involved in immune responsiveness. Moreover, these target genes overlapped with differentially expressed mRNAs obtained from RNA-seq. These target genes were significantly enriched to GO terms and KEGG pathways including immune system progress, virion and Wnt signaling pathways. Expression patterns of differentially expressed mRNA and miRNAs were validated in 20 mRNA and 19 miRNAs by qRT-PCR. We also were able to construct a miRNA-mRNA target network that can further understand the molecular mechanisms on the pathogenesis of TiLV and guide future research in developing effective agents and strategies to combat TiLV infections in Tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China.
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510380, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China.
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26
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Taslimi Y, Agbajogu C, Brynjolfsson SF, Masoudzadeh N, Mashayekhi V, Gharibzadeh S, Östensson M, Nakka SS, Mizbani A, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Profiling inflammatory response in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using a non-invasive sampling method combined with a high-throughput protein detection assay. Cytokine 2020; 130:155056. [PMID: 32199248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infection caused by Leishmania (L.) protozoa transmitted through the bite of infected sand fly. Previously, invasive sampling of blood and skin along with low throughput methods were used for determination of inflammatory response in CL patients. AIMS/METHODOLOGY We established a novel approach based on a non-invasive adhesive tape-disc sampling combined with a powerful multiplexing technique called proximity extension assay for profiling 92 inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and surface molecules in the lesions of CL patients infected with L. tropica. Sample collection was done non-invasively by using adhesive tape-discs from lesion and normal skin of 33 L. tropica positive patients. RESULTS Out of 92 inflammatory proteins, the level of 34 proteins was significantly increased in the lesions of CL patients compared to their normal skin. This includes the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, together with the interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, LIF and OSM. The remaining significantly changed inflammatory proteins include 7 surface molecules and receptors: CD5, CD40, CDCP1, 4E-BP1, TNFRSF9, IL-18R1 and OPG as well as 16 other cytokines and proteins: MMP-1, CSF-1, VEGFA, uPA, EN-RAGE, LAP TGF-β1, HGF, MMP-10, CASP-8, TNFSF14, STAMPB, ADA, TRAIL and ST1A1. Further, 13 proteins showed an increasing trend, albeit not statistically significant, in the CL lesions, including TGF-α, CCL23, MCP-2, IL-12B, CXCL6, IL-24, FGF-19, TNFβ, CD6, TRANCE, IL10, SIR2 and CCL20. CONCLUSION We herein report a novel approach based on a non-invasive sampling method combined with the high-throughput protein assay for profiling inflammatory proteins in CL lesions. Using this approach, we could profile inflammatory proteins in the lesions from CL patients. This new non-invasive approach may have implications for studying skin inflammatory mediators in CL and other skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mashayekhi
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravya Sowdamini Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Canada.
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27
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Leishmania Infection Induces Macrophage Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Production in an ARNT/HIF-Dependent Manner. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00088-19. [PMID: 31451620 PMCID: PMC6803331 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00088-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by vascular remodeling. Following infection with Leishmania parasites, the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling pathway mediates lymphangiogenesis, which is critical for lesion resolution. Therefore, we investigated the cellular and molecular mediators involved in VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling using a murine model of infection. We found that macrophages are the predominant cell type expressing VEGF-A during Leishmania major infection. Given that Leishmania parasites activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and this transcription factor can drive VEGF-A expression, we analyzed the expression of HIF-1α during infection. We showed that macrophages were also the major cell type expressing HIF-1α during infection and that infection-induced VEGF-A production is mediated by ARNT/HIF activation. Furthermore, mice deficient in myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling exhibited larger lesions without differences in parasite numbers. These data show that L. major infection induces macrophage VEGF-A production in an ARNT/HIF-dependent manner and suggest that ARNT/HIF signaling may limit inflammation by promoting VEGF-A production and, thus, lymphangiogenesis during infection.
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28
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Patterson KC, Queval CJ, Gutierrez MG. Granulomatous Inflammation in Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis: Does the Lymphatic System Contribute to Disease? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900086. [PMID: 31588585 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A striking and unexplained feature of granulomatous inflammation is its anatomical association with the lymphatic system. Accumulating evidence suggests that lymphatic tracks and granulomas may alter the function of each other. The formation of new lymphatics, or lymphangiogenesis, is an adaptive response to tumor formation, infection, and wound healing. Granulomas also may induce lymphangiogenesis which, through a variety of mechanisms, could contribute to disease outcomes in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. On the other hand, alterations in lymph node function and lymphatic draining may be primary events which attenuate the risk and severity of granulomatous inflammation. This review begins with an introduction of granulomatous inflammation and the lymphatic system. A role of the lymphatic system in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis is then hypothesized. With a focus on lymphangiogenesis in these diseases, and on the potential for this process to promote dissemination, parallels are established with the well-established role of lymphangiogenesis in tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Patterson
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, 94N-SRd, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.,Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christophe J Queval
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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29
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Intravital imaging of skin infections. Cell Immunol 2019; 350:103913. [PMID: 30992120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging of cutaneous immune responses has revealed intricate links between the skin's structural properties, the immune cells that reside therein, and the carefully orchestrated migratory dynamics that enable rapid sensing and subsequent elimination of skin pathogens. In particular, the development of 2-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM), which enables the excitation of fluorescent molecules within deep tissue with minimal light scattering and tissue damage, has proven an invaluable tool in the characterization of different cell subset's roles in skin infection. The ability to visualize cells, tissue structures, pathogens and track migratory dynamics at designated times following infection, or during inflammatory responses has been crucial in defining how immune responses in the skin are coordinated, either locally or in concert with circulating immune cells. Skin pathogens affect millions of people worldwide, and skin infections leading to cutaneous pathology have a considerable impact on the quality of life and longevity of people affected. In contrast, pathogens that infect the skin to later cause systemic illness, such as malaria parasites and a variety of arthropod-borne viruses, or infection in distant anatomical sites are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we review recent advances and seminal studies that employed intravital imaging to characterize key immune response mechanisms in the context of viral, bacterial and parasitic skin infections, and provide insights on skin pathogens of global significance that would benefit from such investigative approaches.
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30
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Schatz V, Neubert P, Rieger F, Jantsch J. Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α, and Innate Antileishmanial Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520262 PMCID: PMC5827161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen environments and accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are features of infected and inflamed tissues. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on oxygen levels found in Leishmania-infected tissues and discuss which mechanisms potentially contribute to local tissue oxygenation in leishmanial lesions. Moreover, we review the role of hypoxia and HIF-1 on innate antileishmanial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franz Rieger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Dematei A, Fernandes R, Soares R, Alves H, Richter J, Botelho MC. Angiogenesis in Schistosoma haematobium-associated urinary bladder cancer. APMIS 2017; 125:1056-1062. [PMID: 28960560 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium, a parasitic flatworm that infects more than 100 million people, mostly in the developing world, is the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, and is associated with a high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. During infection, eggs are deposited in the bladder causing an intense inflammatory reaction. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones and is recognized as a key event in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis and spread of malignant lesions. A growing amount of evidence points to angiogenesis playing a key role in schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. Thus, identifying biomarkers of this process plays an important role in the study of cancer. Here, we review recent findings on the role of angiogenesis in bladder cancer and the growth factors that induce and assist in their development, particularly SCC of the bladder associated to urogenital schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dematei
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Alves
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Fundação Professor Ernesto Morais, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joachim Richter
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica C Botelho
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Ivanov S, Randolph GJ. Myeloid cells pave the way for lymphatic system development and maintenance. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:465-472. [PMID: 28220247 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue homeostasis is indispensable for health. In particular, removal of toxic compounds from cells and organs is a vital process for the organism. The lymphatic vasculature works in order to ensure the efficient removal of tissue waste. Forbidden over the last decade when more attention was paid to the blood vasculature, studies on the lymphatic vasculature have gained momentum during the last couple of years. The lymphatic vasculature naturally runs parallel to the blood vasculature and their synergistic work is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Diminished lymphatic function results in accumulation of body fluids in tissues and gives rise to edema. Recently, it became obvious that immune cells including myeloid cells and lymphocytes are able to interact with and control the development and function of the lymphatic vasculature. In this review, we will focus on the interaction between myeloid cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, with lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Ivanov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204, Nice, France. .,Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06000, Nice, France.
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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33
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Schatz V, Strüssmann Y, Mahnke A, Schley G, Waldner M, Ritter U, Wild J, Willam C, Dehne N, Brüne B, McNiff JM, Colegio OR, Bogdan C, Jantsch J. Myeloid Cell-Derived HIF-1α Promotes Control of Leishmania major. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4034-4041. [PMID: 27798163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which accumulates in mammalian host organisms during infection, supports the defense against microbial pathogens. However, whether and to what extent HIF-1α expressed by myeloid cells contributes to the innate immune response against Leishmania major parasites is unknown. We observed that Leishmania-infected humans and L. major-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantial amounts of HIF-1α in acute cutaneous lesions. In vitro, HIF-1α was required for leishmanicidal activity and high-level NO production by IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages. Mice deficient for HIF-1α in their myeloid cell compartment had a more severe clinical course of infection and increased parasite burden in the skin lesions compared with wild-type controls. These findings were paralleled by reduced expression of type 2 NO synthase by lesional CD11b+ cells. Together, these data illustrate that HIF-1α is required for optimal innate leishmanicidal immune responses and, thereby, contributes to the cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Strüssmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mahnke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wild
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Oscar R Colegio
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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