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Li J, Kou C, Sun T, Liu J, Zhang H. Identification and Validation of Hub Immune-Related Genes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2609-2621. [PMID: 37362825 PMCID: PMC10289249 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s413545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common progressive liver disease worldwide. It can cause liver cancer and possibly death. Abnormal immune infiltration is involved in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the hub immune-related genes in NAFLD. Methods Microarray data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) were obtained. A protein-protein interaction network was used to further screen. The diagnostic value of the IRDEGs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Differences in immune infiltration levels were analyzed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Hub IRDEGs were identified by correlation analysis with immune infiltration levels. Finally, molecular experiments were used to confirm the expression of the hub IRDEGs and explore their roles in NAFLD. Results We obtained 18 IRDEGs. Five hub genes were further identified by protein-protein interaction network, receiver operating characteristic curves and correlation analysis: AQP9, BACH2, CD4, IL17RE and S100A9. Based on functional enrichment analysis, the hub genes were enriched primarily in many immune-related pathways. In NAFLD, AQP9, CD4, and IL17RE expression was significantly reduced, whereas BACH2 and S100A9 expression was elevated. PCR, oil red O staining and triglyceride detection revealed that the knock-down of BACH2 and S100A9 reduced lipid accumulation in NAFLD cells. Conclusion This study provided insight into the profile of immune infiltration underlying NAFLD and identified AQP9, BACH2, CD4, IL17RE and S100A9 as ancillary diagnostic indicators of NAFLD. And BACH2 and S100A9 might be therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjia Kou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Okamura Y, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Evolutional perspective and functional characteristics of interleukin-17 in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108496. [PMID: 36526158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays essential roles in adaptive and innate immune responses against bacterial and fungal infections. Especially in mammalian mucosal tissues, it is well known that innate immune responses via IL-17A and IL-17F, such as the production of antimicrobial peptides, are very important for microbiota control. In contrast, interesting insights into the functions of IL-17 have recently been reported in several teleost species, although little research has been conducted on teleost IL-17. In the present review, we focused on current insights on teleost IL-17 and speculated on the different or consensus parts of teleost IL-17 signaling compared to that of mammals. This review focuses on the role of teleost IL-17 in intestinal immunity. We expect that this review will encourage a further understanding of the roles and importance of IL-17 signaling in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Okamura
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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3
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Xu Y, Liang J, Gao W, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Shan F, Ge J, Xia Q. Peripheral blood cytokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers of suicidal ideation in patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1021309. [PMID: 36420006 PMCID: PMC9678225 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability, with a high risk of suicidal ideation (SI). Few studies have evaluated the potential of multiple cytokines as biomarkers for SI in patients with MDD. In the present study, we examined the serum levels of multiple cytokines in patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD, with the aim to discover and identify serum cytokines-based biomarkers for identification of SI in MDD. Methods A total of 55 patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD were enrolled and divided into two groups: 26 MDD patients without SI and 29 MDD patients with SI. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used to estimate SI. A total of 37 cytokines were measured using Multiplex Luminex Assays. The levels of serum cytokines between MDD patients without SI and MDD patients with SI were compared and diagnostic values of different cytokines were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating MDD patients with SI from MDD patients without SI. The relationship between the group and the abnormal cytokines were investigated in multiple linear regression models, with adjustments for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24) scores. Results The levels of CCL26 and VEGF in MDD patients with SI were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without SI (all P < 0.05). On the contrary, the levels of IL-17C, CXCL10, and TNF-β in MDD patients with SI were significantly higher than those in MDD patients without SI (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the results of multiple linear regression revealed that group was a significant independent predictor of serum IL-17C, CCL-26, VEGF, and TNF-β levels (all P < 0.05). In terms of CXC10, group was also likely to be a significant independent predictor (β = 0.257, P = 0.063). Furthermore, the AUC values of IL-17C and TNF-β were 0.728 and 0.732, respectively. Additionally, a combined panel of IL-17C and TNF-β achieved a high accuracy in discriminating MDD patients with SI from MDD patients without SI (AUC = 0.848, sensitivity = 75.9%, specificity = 72.7%). Conclusions These results suggested that circulating IL-17C and TNF-β may hold promise in the discovery of biomarkers for identification of SI in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Wenfan Gao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Shan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jinfang Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Jinfang Ge
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China,Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China,Qingrong Xia
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Swedik SM, Madola A, Cruz MA, Llorens-Bonilla BJ, Levine AD. Th17-Derived Cytokines Synergistically Enhance IL-17C Production by the Colonic Epithelium. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1768-1777. [PMID: 36130829 PMCID: PMC9588696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tightly regulated communication between the gastrointestinal epithelium and immune cells in the underlying lamina propria is critical for immune homeostasis and inflammation. IL-17C, produced by epithelial cells after exposure to inflammatory stimuli, facilitates cell-to-cell communication by promoting inflammatory responses in Th17 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Th17-derived cytokines TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-22 synergistically enhance IL-17C expression in both human-transformed colonic epithelial cell lines and primary non-inflammatory bowel disease colonic epithelial spheroids. This synergistic expression requires activation of the transcription factor NF-κB downstream of the TNF-α stimulus, evidenced by the reduction of IL-17C expression in the presence of an IκBα inhibitor. IL-17A and IL-22 enhance IL-17C expression through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Colonic spheroids derived from uninvolved epithelial of ulcerative colitis patients stimulated with TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-22 show muted responses compared with non-inflammatory bowel disease spheroids, and inflamed spheroids yielded more IL-17C expression in the presence of TNF-α, and no response to IL-22 stimulation. Altogether, a role for IL-17C in activating Th17 cells combined with our findings of Th17-derived cytokine-driven synergy in the expression of IL-17C identifies a novel inflammatory amplification loop in the gastrointestinal tract between epithelial cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Swedik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Abson Madola
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michelle A Cruz
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH;
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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5
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Wang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Zhang B, Soong L, Cai J, Yi P, Fan X, Sun J. The Protective Role of IL-36/IL-36R Signal in Con A-Induced Acute Hepatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:861-869. [PMID: 35046104 PMCID: PMC8830780 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 family, including IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36R antagonist, belong to the IL-1 superfamily. It was reported that IL-36 plays a role in immune diseases. However, it remains unclear how IL-36 regulates inflammation. To determine the role of IL-36/IL-36R signaling pathways, we established an acute hepatitis mouse model (C57BL/6) by i.v. injection of the plant lectin Con A. We found that the levels of IL-36 were increased in the liver after Con A injection. Our results demonstrated the infiltrated neutrophils, but not the hepatocytes, were the main source of IL-36 in the liver. Using the IL-36R-/- mouse model (H-2b), we surprisingly found that the absence of IL-36 signals led to aggravated liver injury, as evidenced by increased mortality, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and severe liver pathological changes. Further investigations demonstrated that a lack of IL-36 signaling induced intrahepatic activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and increased the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-36R-/- mice had reduced T regulatory cell numbers and chemokines in the liver. Together, our results from the mouse model suggested a vital role of IL-36 in regulating T cell function and homeostasis during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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6
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Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Autoimmmune hepatitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:158-176. [PMID: 34580437 PMCID: PMC8475398 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a T-cell mediated, inflammatory liver disease affecting all ages and characterized by female preponderance, elevated serum transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels, positive circulating autoantibodies, and presence of interface hepatitis at liver histology. AIH type 1, affecting both adults and children, is defined by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies, while type 2 AIH, affecting mostly children, is defined by positive anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. While the autoantigens of type 2 AIH are well defined, being the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) and the formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), in type 1 AIH they remain to be identified. AIH-1 predisposition is conferred by possession of the MHC class II HLA DRB1*03 at all ages, while DRB1*04 predisposes to late onset disease; AIH-2 is associated with possession of DRB1*07 and DRB1*03. The majority of patients responds well to standard immunosuppressive treatment, based on steroid and azathioprine; second- and third-line drugs should be considered in case of intolerance or insufficient response. This review offers a comprehensive overview of pathophysiological and clinical aspects of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli
- Epatocentro Ticino & Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Liu M, Liang S, Zhang C. NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic? Front Immunol 2021; 12:624687. [PMID: 33777006 PMCID: PMC7994264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases generally result from the loss of self-tolerance (i.e., failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self), and are characterized by autoantibody production and hyperactivation of T cells, which leads to damage of specific or multiple organs. Thus, autoimmune diseases can be classified as organ-specific or systemic. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of innate immunity to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune system, have been implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune liver disease. However, NK cells have both protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity depending on the NK cell subset, microenvironment, and disease type or stage. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the varied roles of NK cell subsets in systemic and organic-specific autoimmune diseases and their clinical potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Natural Killer T Cells in Various Mouse Models of Hepatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1782765. [PMID: 33506011 PMCID: PMC7810568 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1782765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a key component of innate immunity. Importantly, a growing body of evidence indicates that NKT cells play an integral role in various acute and chronic liver injuries. NKT cells participate in the progression of an injury through the secretion of cytokines, which promote neutrophil infiltration and enhance Fas ligand (FasL) and granzyme-mediated NKT cytotoxic activity. Therefore, examining the role of NKT cells in hepatic disease is critical for a comprehensive understanding of disease pathogenesis and may provide insight into novel approaches for treatment. For more than a century, mouse models that imitate the physiopathological conditions of human disease have served as a critical tool in biological and medical basic research, including studies of liver disease. Here, we review the role of NKT cells in various mouse models of hepatitis.
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Vella G, Lunding L, Ritzmann F, Honecker A, Herr C, Wegmann M, Bals R, Beisswenger C. The IL-17 receptor IL-17RE mediates polyIC-induced exacerbation of experimental allergic asthma. Respir Res 2020; 21:176. [PMID: 32641167 PMCID: PMC7346407 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is specific for the epithelial cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C). Asthma exacerbations are frequently caused by viral infections. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC) mimics viral infections through binding to pattern recognition receptors (e.g. TLR-3). We and others have shown that pIC induces the expression of IL-17C in airway epithelial cells. Using different mouse models, we aimed to investigate the function of IL-17RE in the development of experimental allergic asthma and acute exacerbation thereof. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and IL-17RE deficient (Il-17re-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce allergic airway inflammation. pIC or PBS were applied intranasally when allergic airway inflammation had been established. Pulmonary expression of inflammatory mediators, numbers of inflammatory cells, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were analyzed. RESULTS Ablation of IL-17RE did not affect the development of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and AHR. pIC induced inflammation independent of IL-17RE in the absence of allergic airway inflammation. Treatment of mice with pIC exacerbated pulmonary inflammation in sensitized and OVA-challenged mice in an IL-17RE-dependent manner. The pIC-induced expression of cytokines (e.g. keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)) and recruitment of neutrophils were decreased in Il-17re-/- mice. pIC-exacerbated AHR was partially decreased in Il-17re-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-17RE mediates virus-triggered exacerbations but does not have a function in the development of allergic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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10
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Nies JF, Panzer U. IL-17C/IL-17RE: Emergence of a Unique Axis in T H17 Biology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:341. [PMID: 32174926 PMCID: PMC7054382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA with antibodies has turned out to be a tremendous success in the treatment of several autoimmune conditions. As the IL-17 cytokine family consists of six members (IL-17A to F), it is intriguing to elucidate the biological function of these five other molecules to identify more potential targets. In the past decade, IL-17C has emerged as quite a unique member of this pro-inflammatory cytokine group. In contrast to the well-described IL-17A and IL-17F, IL-17C is upregulated at very early timepoints of several disease settings. Also, the cellular source of the homodimeric cytokine differs from the other members of the family: Epithelial rather than hematopoietic cells were identified as the producers of IL-17C, while its receptor IL-17RE is expressed on TH17 cells as well as the epithelial cells themselves. Numerous investigations led to the current understanding that IL-17C (a) maintains an autocrine loop in the epithelium reinforcing innate immune barriers and (b) stimulates highly inflammatory TH17 cells. Functionally, the IL-17C/RE axis has been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases ranging from infectious and autoimmune conditions to cancer development and progression. This body of evidence has paved the way for the first clinical trials attempting to neutralize IL-17C in patients. Here, we review the latest knowledge about identification, regulation, and function of the IL-17C/IL-17receptor E pathway in inflammation and immunity, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying tissue injury. We also discuss the rationale for the translation of these findings into new therapeutic approaches in patients with immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper F Nies
- Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systematic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, are a group of diseases characterized by the activation of immune cells and excessive production of autoantibodies. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still not completely understood, studies have shown that multiple factors including genetics, environment and immune responses play important roles in the development and progression of the diseases. In China, there are great achievements in the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases during the last decades. These studies provide new insight to understand the diseases and also shed light on the development of novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
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12
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Sun Q, Wang Q, Feng N, Meng Y, Li B, Luo D, Shang X, Lv J, Monsaf AM, Wang C, Ma X. The expression and clinical significance of serum IL-17 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:389. [PMID: 31555703 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods PBC patients (n=127), patients without PBC (n=100) were selected from January 2015 to December 2015.The measure of IL-17 level was performed by cytometric beads array (CBA), immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Results The expression levels of serum IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 in PBC groups were significantly higher than control group, a positively correlation between IL-17 and ALT, ALP, GGT, CIV was observed in PBC patients (r=0.350, P=0.013; r=0.373, P=0.008; r=0.337, P=0.017; r=0.349, P=0.021). In addition, IL-17 mRNA expression level in PBC group was higher than control group. Immunohistochemical results suggest that positive cells did not appear in normal tissues, while they appeared in the PBC liver tissue, mainly in the bile duct. Conclusions This study shows that IL-17 over expressed in PBC patients, it played a pro-inflammatory effect in the pathogenesis of PBC, most probably as a targeting drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Sun
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Ning Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Demei Luo
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Ahmad Maqsuod Monsaf
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Changmin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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13
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IL-17C-mediated innate inflammation decreases the response to PD-1 blockade in a model of Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10353. [PMID: 31316109 PMCID: PMC6637115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with neutrophilic lung inflammation and CD8 T cell exhaustion and is an important risk factor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical response to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade in NSCLC patients is variable and likely affected by a coexisting COPD. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C) promotes lung inflammation and is present in human lung tumors. Here, we used a Kras-driven lung cancer model to examine the function of IL-17C in inflammation-promoted tumor growth. Genetic ablation of Il-17c resulted in a decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells into the tumor microenvironment, a decreased expression of tumor-promoting cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6 (IL-6)), and a reduced tumor proliferation in the presence of Haemophilus influenzae- (NTHi) induced COPD-like lung inflammation. Chronic COPD-like inflammation was associated with the expression of PD-1 in CD8 lymphocytes and the membrane expression of the programmed death ligand (PD-L1) independent of IL-17C. Tumor growth was decreased in Il-17c deficient mice but not in wildtype mice after anti-PD-1 treatment. Our results suggest that strategies targeting innate immune mechanisms, such as blocking of IL-17C, may improve the response to anti-PD-1 treatment in lung cancer patients.
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14
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Zhang Y, Li L, Qi C, Hua S, Fei X, Gong F, Fang M. Glycyrrhizin alleviates Con A-induced hepatitis by differentially regulating the production of IL-17 and IL-25. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:692-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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15
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Gong H, Ma S, Liu S, Liu Y, Jin Z, Zhu Y, Song Y, Lei L, Hu B, Mei Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Wu Y, Dong C, Xu Y, Wu D, Liu H. IL-17C Mitigates Murine Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease by Promoting Intestinal Barrier Functions and Treg Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2724. [PMID: 30534126 PMCID: PMC6275224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) is one of the major complications and results in high mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). IL-17C is involved in many inflammatory immune disorders. However, the role of IL-17C in aGVHD remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that IL-17C deficiency in the graft significantly promoted alloreactive T cell responses and induced aggravated aGVHD compared with wildtype donors in a fully MHC-mismatched allo-HSCT model. In contrast, IL-17C overexpression ameliorated aGVHD. IL-17C deficiency increased intestinal epithelial permeability and elevated inflammatory cytokine production, leading to an enhanced aGVHD progression. Tregs was reduced in recipients of IL-17C−/− graft, whilst restored after IL-17C overexpression. Decreased Treg differentiation was abrogated after neutralizing IFN-γ, but not IL-6. Moreover, depletion of Tregs diminished the protective effect of IL-17C. Of note, patients with low IL-17C expression displayed higher aGVHD incidence together with poor overall survival, thereby IL-17C could be an independent risk factor for aGVHD development. Our results are the first demonstrating the protective role of IL-17C in aGVHD by promoting intestinal barrier functions and Treg differentiation in a MHC fully mismatched murine aGVHD model. IL-17C may serve as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanle Gong
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuangzhu Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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The roles of IL-17C in T cell-dependent and -independent inflammatory diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15750. [PMID: 30356086 PMCID: PMC6200819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17C, which is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, is preferentially produced by epithelial cells in the lung, skin and colon, suggesting that IL-17C may be involved in not only host defense but also inflammatory diseases in those tissues. In support of that, IL-17C was demonstrated to contribute to development of T cell-dependent imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis and T cell-independent dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis using mice deficient in IL-17C and/or IL-17RE, which is a component of the receptor for IL-17C. However, the roles of IL-17C in other inflammatory diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the contributions of IL-17C to development of certain disease models using Il17c−/− mice, which we newly generated. Those mice showed normal development of T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases such as FITC- and DNFB-induced contact dermatitis/contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and concanavalin A-induced hepatitis, and T cell-independent inflammatory diseases such as bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, papain-induced airway eosinophilia and LPS-induced airway neutrophilia. On the other hand, those mice were highly resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock, indicating that IL-17C is crucial for protection against that immunological reaction. Therefore, IL-17C neutralization may represent a novel therapeutic approach for sepsis, in addition to psoriasis and acute colitis.
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17
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Xiao F, Ai G, Yan W, Wan X, Luo X, Ning Q. Intrahepatic recruitment of cytotoxic NK cells contributes to autoimmune hepatitis progression. Cell Immunol 2018; 327:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Abstract
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family mostly produced by epithelial cells and innate immune cells. After binding to the IL-17RB/IL-17RA complex, IL-25 induces downstream signaling responses in epithelial cells and type 2 lymphocytes, which initiates, propagates, and sustains type 2 immunity. The function of IL-25 in allergic diseases such as asthma has been well established, and now also is extended to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review summarizes the literature on IL-25 and discusses the unsolved questions. Our knowledge on IL-25 will pave the pathway for targeting this cytokine in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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19
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Krohn S, Nies JF, Kapffer S, Schmidt T, Riedel JH, Kaffke A, Peters A, Borchers A, Steinmetz OM, Krebs CF, Turner JE, Brix SR, Paust HJ, Stahl RAK, Panzer U. IL-17C/IL-17 Receptor E Signaling in CD4 + T Cells Promotes T H17 Cell-Driven Glomerular Inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1210-1222. [PMID: 29483158 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-17 cytokine family and the cognate receptors thereof have a unique role in organ-specific autoimmunity. Most studies have focused on the founding member of the IL-17 family, IL-17A, as the central mediator of diseases. Indeed, although pathogenic functions have been ascribed to IL-17A and IL-17F in the context of immune-mediated glomerular diseases, the specific functions of the other IL-17 family members in immunity and inflammatory kidney diseases is largely unknown. Here, we report that compared with healthy controls, patients with acute Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) had significantly elevated serum levels of IL-17C (but not IL-17A, F, or E). In mouse models of crescentic GN (nephrotoxic nephritis) and pristane-induced lupus nephritis, deficiency in IL-17C significantly ameliorated the course of GN in terms of renal tissue injury and kidney function. Deficiency of the unique IL-17C receptor IL-17 receptor E (IL-17RE) provided similar protection against crescentic GN. These protective effects associated with a reduced TH17 response. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that IL-17C is produced by tissue-resident cells, but not by lymphocytes. Finally, IL-17RE was highly expressed by CD4+ TH17 cells, and loss of this expression prevented the TH17 responses and subsequent tissue injury in crescentic GN. Our findings indicate that IL-17C promotes TH17 cell responses and immune-mediated kidney disease via IL-17RE expressed on CD4+ TH17 cells. Targeting the IL-17C/IL-17RE pathway may present an intriguing therapeutic strategy for TH17-induced autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Krohn
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper F Nies
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kapffer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Schmidt
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kaffke
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anett Peters
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Borchers
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke R Brix
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Paust
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Na H, Lim H, Choi G, Kim BK, Kim SH, Chang YS, Nurieva R, Dong C, Chang SH, Chung Y. Concomitant suppression of T H2 and T H17 cell responses in allergic asthma by targeting retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:2061-2073.e5. [PMID: 28943467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a massive infiltration of eosinophils or neutrophils mediated by allergen-specific TH2 and TH17 cells, respectively. Therefore successful treatment of allergic asthma will require suppression of both TH2 and TH17 cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of the TH17 cell pathway in regulating TH2 cell responses in allergic asthma. METHODS Allergic asthma was induced by intranasal challenge with proteinase allergens in C57BL/6, Il17a-/-Il17f-/-, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt)gfp/gfp mice. A pharmacologic RORγt inhibitor was used to evaluate its preventive and therapeutic effects in allergic asthma. Characteristics of allergic airway inflammation were analyzed by using flow cytometry, histology, quantitative real-time PCR, and ELISA. Mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, fate mapping analysis, short hairpin RNA transduction, and in vitro T-cell differentiation were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Mice deficient in IL-17A and IL-17F, as well as RORγt, exhibited a significant reduction not only in TH17 cell responses but also in TH2 cell responses in an animal model of allergic asthma. Similarly, mice treated with an RORγt inhibitor had significantly diminished TH17 and TH2 cell responses, leading to reduced neutrophil and eosinophil numbers in the airway. RORγt-deficient T cells were intrinsically defective in differentiating into TH2 cells and expressed increased levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6). Bcl6 knockdown resulted in a remarkable restoration of TH2 cell differentiation in RORγt-deficient T cells. Blockade of RORγt also significantly hampered the differentiation of human TH2 and TH17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION RORγt in T cells is required for optimal TH2 cell differentiation by suppressing Bcl6 expression; this finding suggests that targeting RORγt might be a promising approach for the treatment of allergic asthma by concomitantly suppressing TH17 and TH2 cell responses in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Na
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyong Lim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Keun Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex.
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Gurczynski SJ, Moore BB. IL-17 in the lung: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L6-L16. [PMID: 28860146 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00344.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-17 family of cytokines has emerged over the last two decades as a pleiotropic group of molecules that function in a wide variety of both beneficial and detrimental (pathological) processes, mainly in mucosal barrier tissue. The beneficial effects of IL-17 expression are especially important in the lung, where exposure to foreign agents is abundant. IL-17A plays an important role in protection from both extracellular bacteria and fungi, as well as viruses that infect cells of the mucosal tracts. IL-17 coregulated cytokines, such as IL-22, are involved in maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis and participate in epithelial cell repair/regeneration following inflammatory insults. Thus, the IL-17/IL-22 axis is important in both responding to, and recovering from, pathogens. However, aberrant expression or overexpression of IL-17 cytokines contributes to a number of pathological outcomes, including asthma, pneumonitis, and generation or exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. This review covers the good, bad, and ugly aspects of IL-17 in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gurczynski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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