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Giovenzana A, Codazzi V, Pandolfo M, Petrelli A. T cell trafficking in human chronic inflammatory diseases. iScience 2024; 27:110528. [PMID: 39171290 PMCID: PMC11338127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating T cells, which migrate from the periphery to sites of tissue inflammation, play a crucial role in the development of various chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent research has highlighted subsets of tissue-resident T cells that acquire migratory capabilities and re-enter circulation, referred to here as "recirculating T cells." In this review, we examine recent advancements in understanding the biology of T cell trafficking in diseases where T cell infiltration is pivotal, such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as in metabolic disorders where the role of T cell migration is less understood. Additionally, we discuss current insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating T cell circulation across tissues and the application of state-of-the-art technologies for studying recirculation in humans. This review underscores the significance of investigating T trafficking as a novel potential target for therapeutic interventions across a spectrum of human chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giovenzana
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Codazzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Pandolfo
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Wang L, Mishra S, Fan KKH, Quon S, Li G, Yu B, Liao W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Li Y, Goldrath AW, Ma C, Zhang N. T-bet deficiency and Hic1 induction override TGF-β-dependency in the formation of CD103 + intestine-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114258. [PMID: 38781073 PMCID: PMC11240284 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) represents a well-established signal required for tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) formation at intestinal surfaces, regulating the expression of a large collection of genes coordinately promoting intestinal TRM differentiation. The functional contribution from each TGF-β-controlled transcription factor is not entirely known. Here, we find that TGF-β-induced T-bet downregulation and Hic1 induction represent two critical events during intestinal TRM differentiation. Importantly, T-bet deficiency significantly rescues intestinal TRM formation in the absence of the TGF-β receptor. Hic1 induction further strengthens TRM maturation in the absence of TGF-β and T-bet. Our results reveal that provision of certain TGF-β-induced molecular events can partially replace TGF-β signaling to promote the establishment of intestinal TRMs, which allows the functional dissection of TGF-β-induced transcriptional targets and molecular mechanisms for TRM differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Yu S, Wang K, Cao C, Zhang B, Chen Y, Wu C, Li C, Tang J, Luo W. Tissue-resident memory T cells exhibit phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous in human physiological and pathological nasal mucosa. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109860. [PMID: 38065369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens commonly enter mucosal barrier tissues and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are essential for preventing mucosal lesions. However, the immunological properties of TRM cells in nasal mucosa are poorly known. In comparison with control tissues, decreasing CD103+ TRM cells were observed in Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP), which presented high capability to produce effector cytokines. In CRSwNPs, we found that CD103+ TRM cells with higher cytokine and Granzyme B coexpressed high PD-1, CD103- TRM cells expressed higher IL-10. Homogenates isolated from CRSwNPs induced CD103 expression on peripheral T cells which could be inhibited by blocking TGF-β. The frequencies of CD103+ TRM cells in CRSwNPs were extremely negatively correlated with neutrophil infiltration. CD103+ TRM cells from Staphylococcus aureus positive CRSwNPs had a stronger response to SEB. Taken together, two phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of TRM cells exist in nasal tissues and play critical roles in the progress of CRSwNPs and SNIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifei Yu
- Institute of translational medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Beiying Zhang
- Institute of translational medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Youmou Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China; The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, No.3 Hongfu Road, Guangzhou 511495, PR China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of translational medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Road, Foshan 528000, PR China.
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Rainey MA, Allen CT, Craveiro M. Egress of resident memory T cells from tissue with neoadjuvant immunotherapy: Implications for systemic anti-tumor immunity. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106570. [PMID: 37738775 PMCID: PMC10591905 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resident memory T (TRM) cells are embedded in peripheral tissue and capable of acting as sentinels that can respond quickly to repeat pathogen exposure as part of an endogenous anti-microbial immune response. Recent evidence suggests that chronic antigen exposure and other microenvironment cues may promote the development of TRM cells within solid tumors as well, and that this TRM phenotype can sequester tumor-specific T cells into tumors and out of circulation resulting in limited systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we perform a review of the published English literature and describe tissue-specific mediators of TRM cell differentiation in states of infection and malignancy with special focus on the role of TGF-β and how targeting TGF-β signaling could be used as a therapeutical approach to promote tumor systemic immunity. DISCUSSION The presence of TRM cells with antigen specificity to neoepitopes in tumors associates with positive clinical prognosis and greater responsiveness to immunotherapy. Recent evidence indicates that solid tumors may act as reservoirs for tumor specific TRM cells and limit their circulation - possibly resulting in impaired systemic antitumor immunity. TRM cells utilize specific mechanisms to egress from peripheral tissues into circulation and other peripheral sites, and emerging evidence indicates that immunotherapeutic approaches may initiate these processes and increase systemic antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS Reversing tumor sequestration of tumor-specific T cells prior to surgical removal or radiation of tumor may increase systemic antitumor immunity. This finding may underlie the improved recurrence free survival observed with neoadjuvant immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Rainey
- Head and Neck Section, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marco Craveiro
- Head and Neck Section, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Virassamy B, Caramia F, Savas P, Sant S, Wang J, Christo SN, Byrne A, Clarke K, Brown E, Teo ZL, von Scheidt B, Freestone D, Gandolfo LC, Weber K, Teply-Szymanski J, Li R, Luen SJ, Denkert C, Loibl S, Lucas O, Swanton C, Speed TP, Darcy PK, Neeson PJ, Mackay LK, Loi S. Intratumoral CD8 + T cells with a tissue-resident memory phenotype mediate local immunity and immune checkpoint responses in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:585-601.e8. [PMID: 36827978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with a tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell phenotype are associated with favorable prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the relative contribution of CD8+ TRM cells to anti-tumor immunity and immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in breast cancer remains unknown. Here, we show that intratumoral CD8+ T cells in murine mammary tumors transcriptionally resemble those from TNBC patients. Phenotypic and transcriptional studies established two intratumoral sub-populations: one more enriched in markers of terminal exhaustion (TEX-like) and the other with a bona fide resident phenotype (TRM-like). Treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy resulted in expansion of these intratumoral populations, with the TRM-like subset displaying significantly enhanced cytotoxic capacity. TRM-like CD8+ T cells could also provide local immune protection against tumor rechallenge and a TRM gene signature extracted from tumor-free tissue was significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes in TNBC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Virassamy
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianan Wang
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan N Christo
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann Byrne
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Clarke
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmaline Brown
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca von Scheidt
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke C Gandolfo
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karsten Weber
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Teply-Szymanski
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Marburg-Giessen, Campus Marburg, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carsten Denkert
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Marburg-Giessen, Campus Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lucas
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Ginsberg P, Panzer U, Asada N. Tissue-resident memory T cells in renal autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111521. [PMID: 36756116 PMCID: PMC9899885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) reinterpreted the potential of human tissue-specific immunity. Following T cell receptor (TCR) activation and clonal expansion, effector T cells migrate to peripheral tissues where they remain long-term and differentiate to TRM cells after antigen clearance. This allows for prompt immunological responses upon antigen re-encounter. In addition to their protective properties in acute infections, recent studies have revealed that TRM cells might lead to aggravation of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus nephritis (LN) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (GN). These diseases present as proliferative and crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN), which is a life-threatening condition leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated. A better understanding of renal TRM cells might lead to identifying new therapeutic targets for relapsing autoimmune diseases of the kidney. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of renal TRM cells and discuss their potential pathophysiological roles in renal autoimmune diseases.
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Unique properties of tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs: implications for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 23:329-335. [PMID: 36494455 PMCID: PMC9735123 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells were originally identified as a tissue-sequestered population of memory T cells that show lifelong persistence in non-lymphoid organs. That definition has slowly evolved with the documentation of TRM cells having variable terms of tissue residency combined with a capacity to return to the wider circulation. Nonetheless, reductionist experiments have identified an archetypical population of TRM cells showing intrinsic permanent residency in a wide range of non-lymphoid organs, with one notable exception: the lungs. Despite the fact that memory T cells generated during a respiratory infection are maintained in the circulation, local TRM cell numbers in the lung decline concomitantly with a decay in T cell-mediated protection. This Perspective describes the mechanisms that underpin long-term T cell lodgement in non-lymphoid tissues and explains why residency is transient for select TRM cell subsets. In doing so, it highlights the unusual nature of memory T cell egress from the lungs and speculates on the broader disease implications of this process, especially during infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Ma C, Wang L, Liao W, Liu Y, Mishra S, Li G, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Lu Q, Zhang N. TGF-β promotes stem-like T cells via enforcing their lymphoid tissue retention. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211538. [PMID: 35980385 PMCID: PMC9393408 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-like CD8+ T cells sustain the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response during chronic antigen exposure. However, the signals that control the maintenance and differentiation of these cells are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TGF-β was essential for the optimal maintenance of these cells and inhibited their differentiation into migratory effectors during chronic viral infection. Mechanistically, stem-like CD8+ T cells carried a unique expression pattern of α4 integrins (i.e., α4β1hi and α4β7lo) controlled by TGF-β. In the absence of TGF-β signaling, greatly enhanced expression of migration-related markers, including altered expression of α4 integrins, led to enhanced egress of stem-like CD8+ T cells into circulation accompanied by further differentiation into transitional states. Blocking α4 integrin significantly promoted their lymphoid tissue retention and therefore partially rescued the defective maintenance of Tcf-1+ subset in the absence of TGF-β signaling. Thus, TGF-β promotes the maintenance and inhibits the further differentiation of stem-like T cells at least partially via enforcing their lymphoid tissue residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Wienke J, Veldkamp SR, Struijf EM, Yousef Yengej FA, van der Wal MM, van Royen-Kerkhof A, van Wijk F. T cell interaction with activated endothelial cells primes for tissue-residency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827786. [PMID: 36172363 PMCID: PMC9510578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are suspected drivers of chronic inflammation, but their induction remains unclear. Since endothelial cells (EC) are obligate interaction partners for T cells trafficking into inflamed tissues, they may play a role in TRM development. Here, we used an in vitro co-culture system of human cytokine-activated EC and FACS-sorted T cells to study the effect of EC on T(RM) cell differentiation. T cell phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry, including proliferation measured by CellTrace Violet dilution assay. Soluble mediators were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Co-culture of T cells with cytokine-activated, but not resting EC induced CD69 expression without activation (CD25, Ki67) or proliferation. The dynamic of CD69 expression induced by EC was distinct from that induced by TCR triggering, with rapid induction and stable expression over 7 days. CD69 induction by activated EC was higher in memory than naive T cells, and most pronounced in CD8+ effector memory T cells. Early CD69 induction was mostly mediated by IL-15, whereas later effects were also mediated by interactions with ICAM-1 and/or VCAM-1. CD69+ T cells displayed a phenotype associated with tissue-residency, with increased CD49a, CD103, CXCR6, PD-1 and CD57 expression, and decreased CD62L and S1PR1. EC-induced CD69+ T cells were poised for high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and showed increased expression of T-helper 1 transcription factor T-bet. Our findings demonstrate that activated EC can induce functional specialization in T cells with sustained CD69 expression, increased cytokine response and a phenotypic profile reminiscent of TRM. Interaction with activated EC during transmigration into (inflamed) tissues thus contributes to TRM-residency priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wienke
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia R. Veldkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eva M. Struijf
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. Marlot van der Wal
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkhof
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Femke van Wijk,
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10
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Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells possess unique transcriptional, epigenetic and functional adaptations to different tissue environments. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1121-1131. [PMID: 35761084 PMCID: PMC10041538 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) provide protective immunity, but the contributions of specific tissue environments to TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis are not well understood. In the present study, the diversity of gene expression and genome accessibility by mouse CD8+ TRM cells from distinct organs that responded to viral infection revealed both shared and tissue-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. TRM cells in the intestine and salivary glands expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced genes and were maintained by ongoing TGF-β signaling, whereas those in the fat, kidney and liver were not. Constructing transcriptional-regulatory networks identified the transcriptional repressor Hic1 as a critical regulator of TRM cell differentiation in the small intestine and showed that Hic1 overexpression enhanced TRM cell differentiation and protection from infection. Provision of a framework for understanding how CD8+ TRM cells adapt to distinct tissue environments, and identification of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators mediating these adaptations, inform strategies to boost protective memory responses at sites most vulnerable to infection.
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11
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Kong L, Andrikopoulos S, MacIsaac RJ, Mackay LK, Nikolic‐Paterson DJ, Torkamani N, Zafari N, Marin ECS, Ekinci EI. Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:213-226. [PMID: 34845863 PMCID: PMC8847140 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response promotes a pro-inflammatory milieu and subsequently renal fibrosis, and a progressive loss of renal function. Although the role of the innate immune system in diabetic renal disease has been well characterized, the potential contribution of the adaptive immune system remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence in experimental models of DKD indicates an increase in the number of T cells in the circulation and in the kidney cortex, that in turn triggers secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and activation of cells in innate immune response. In human studies, the number of T cells residing in the interstitial region of the kidney correlates with the degree of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the role of the adaptive immune system, and associated cytokines, in the development of DKD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the adaptive immune system as a means of preventing the progression of DKD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Kong
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology & DiabetesSt Vincent's Hospital MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David J Nikolic‐Paterson
- Department of NephrologyMonash Medical Center and Monash University Center for Inflammatory DiseasesMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Niloufar Torkamani
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Endocrine Center of ExcellenceAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Evelyn C S Marin
- College of Sport and Exercise ScienceVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Endocrine Center of ExcellenceAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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12
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Kok L, Masopust D, Schumacher TN. The precursors of CD8 + tissue resident memory T cells: from lymphoid organs to infected tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:283-293. [PMID: 34480118 PMCID: PMC8415193 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are essential for immune defence against pathogens and malignancies, and the molecular processes that lead to TRM cell formation are therefore of substantial biomedical interest. Prior work has demonstrated that signals present in the inflamed tissue micro-environment can promote the differentiation of memory precursor cells into mature TRM cells, and it was therefore long assumed that TRM cell formation adheres to a 'local divergence' model, in which TRM cell lineage decisions are exclusively made within the tissue. However, a growing body of work provides evidence for a 'systemic divergence' model, in which circulating T cells already become preconditioned to preferentially give rise to the TRM cell lineage, resulting in the generation of a pool of TRM cell-poised T cells within the lymphoid compartment. Here, we review the emerging evidence that supports the existence of such a population of circulating TRM cell progenitors, discuss current insights into their formation and highlight open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Kok
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Masopust
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ton N. Schumacher
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Asada N, Ginsberg P, Gagliani N, Mittrücker HW, Panzer U. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the kidney. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:801-811. [PMID: 35411437 PMCID: PMC9708805 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) has significantly improved our understanding of immunity. In the last decade, studies have demonstrated that TRM cells are induced after an acute T-cell response, remain in peripheral organs for several years, and contribute to both an efficient host defense and autoimmune disease. TRM cells are found in the kidneys of healthy individuals and patients with various kidney diseases. A better understanding of these cells and their therapeutic targeting might provide new treatment options for infections, autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and cancer. In this review, we address the definition, phenotype, and developmental mechanisms of TRM cells. Then, we further discuss the current understanding of TRM cells in kidney diseases, such as infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and graft rejection after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Asada
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Ginsberg
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, SolnaKarolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Tuong ZK, Stewart BJ, Guo SA, Clatworthy MR. Epigenetics and tissue immunity-Translating environmental cues into functional adaptations. Immunol Rev 2021; 305:111-136. [PMID: 34821397 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing appreciation that many innate and adaptive immune cell subsets permanently reside within non-lymphoid organs, playing a critical role in tissue homeostasis and defense. The best characterized are macrophages and tissue-resident T lymphocytes that work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ-specific environmental cues. The interaction of tissue epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells is also required to attract, differentiate, polarize and maintain organ immune cells in their tissue niche. All of these processes require dynamic regulation of cellular transcriptional programmes, with epigenetic mechanisms playing a critical role, including DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications. A failure to appropriately regulate immune cell transcription inevitably results in inadequate or inappropriate immune responses and organ pathology. Here, with a focus on the mammalian kidney, an organ which generates differing regional environmental cues (including hypersalinity and hypoxia) due to its physiological functions, we will review the basic concepts of tissue immunity, discuss the technologies available to profile epigenetic modifications in tissue immune cells, including those that enable single-cell profiling, and consider how these mechanisms influence the development, phenotype, activation and function of different tissue immune cell subsets, as well as the immunological function of structural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Shuang Andrew Guo
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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16
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Jang HR, Kim M, Hong S, Lee K, Park MY, Yang KE, Lee CJ, Jeon J, Lee KW, Lee JE, Park JB, Kim K, Kwon GY, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Huh W. Early postoperative urinary MCP-1 as a potential biomarker predicting acute rejection in living donor kidney transplantation: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18832. [PMID: 34552150 PMCID: PMC8458304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical relevance of urinary cytokines/chemokines reflecting intrarenal immunologic micromilieu as prognostic markers and the optimal measurement timing after living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). This prospective cohort study included 77 LDKT patients who were followed for ≥ 5 years. Patients were divided into control (n = 42) or acute rejection (AR, n = 35) group. Early AR was defined as AR occurring within 3 months. Serum and urine cytokines/chemokines were measured serially as follows: intraoperative, 8/24/72 h, 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after LDKT. Intrarenal total leukocytes, T cells, and B cells were analyzed with immunohistochemistry followed by tissueFAXS. Urinary MCP-1 and fractalkine were also analyzed in a validation cohort. Urinary MCP-1 after one week was higher in the AR group. Urinary MCP-1, fractalkine, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-6 after one week were significantly higher in the early AR group. Intrarenal total leukocytes and T cells were elevated in the AR group compared with the control group. Urinary fractalkine, MCP-1, and IL-10 showed positive correlation with intrarenal leukocyte infiltration. Post-KT 1 week urinary MCP-1 showed predictive value in the validation cohort. One-week post-KT urinary MCP-1 may be used as a noninvasive diagnostic marker for predicting AR after LDKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Hong
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Yeon Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Dornieden T, Sattler A, Pascual-Reguant A, Ruhm AH, Thiel LG, Bergmann YS, Thole LML, Köhler R, Kühl AA, Hauser AE, Boral S, Friedersdorff F, Kotsch K. Signatures and Specificity of Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes Identified in Human Renal Peritumor and Tumor Tissue. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2223-2241. [PMID: 34074699 PMCID: PMC8729844 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are known to be important for the first line of defense in mucosa-associated tissues. However, the composition, localization, effector function, and specificity of TRM cells in the human kidney and their relevance for renal pathology have not been investigated. METHODS Lymphocytes derived from blood, renal peritumor samples, and tumor samples were phenotypically and functionally assessed by applying flow cytometry and highly advanced histology (multi-epitope ligand cartography) methods. RESULTS CD69+CD103+CD8+ TRM cells in kidneys display an inflammatory profile reflected by enhanced IL-2, IL-17, and TNFα production, and their frequencies correlate with increasing age and kidney function. We further identified mucosa-associated invariant T and CD56dim and CD56bright natural killer cells likewise expressing CD69 and CD103, the latter significantly enriched in renal tumor tissues. CD8+ TRM cell frequencies were not elevated in kidney tumor tissue, but they coexpressed PD-1 and TOX and produced granzyme B. Tumor-derived CD8+ TRM cells from patients with metastases were functionally impaired. Both CD69+CD103-CD4+ and CD69+CD103-CD8+ TRM cells form distinct clusters in tumor tissues in proximity to antigen-presenting cells. Finally, EBV, CMV, BKV, and influenza antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were enriched in the effector memory T cell population in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide an extensive overview of TRM cells' phenotypes and functions in the human kidney for the first time, pointing toward their potential relevance in kidney transplantation and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dornieden
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Sattler
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Annkathrin Helena Ruhm
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lion Gabriel Thiel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmin Samira Bergmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Andrea Kühl
- iPath.Berlin—Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sengül Boral
- Department of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Friedersdorff
- Department of Urology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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18
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van Gisbergen KPJM, Zens KD, Münz C. T-cell memory in tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1310-1324. [PMID: 33837521 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long-lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues including tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm). Here, we will discuss the phenotype of these Trm in mice and humans, the tissues and niches that support them, and their function, plasticity, and transcriptional control. Their unique properties enable Trm to achieve long-lived immunological memory that can be deposited in nearly every organ in response to acute and persistent infection, and in response to cancer. However, Trm may also induce substantial immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune disease if their actions remain unchecked. Therefore, inhibitory and activating stimuli appear to balance the actions of Trm to ensure rapid proinflammatory responses upon infection and to prevent damage to host tissues under steady state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra D Zens
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Qiu Z, Chu TH, Sheridan BS. TGF-β: Many Paths to CD103 + CD8 T Cell Residency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050989. [PMID: 33922441 PMCID: PMC8145941 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells primarily reside in nonlymphoid tissues without recirculating and provide front-line protective immunity against infections and cancers. CD8 TRM cells can be generally divided into CD69+ CD103− TRM cells (referred to as CD103− TRM cells) and CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells (referred to as CD103+ TRM cells). TGF-β plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of tissue-specific activation of TGF-β mediated by integrins and how it contributes to CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development and maintenance. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms utilized by TGF-β to regulate the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. Overall, this review highlights the importance of TGF-β in regulating this unique subset of memory CD8 T cells that may shed light on improving vaccine design to target this population.
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20
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Okła K, Farber DL, Zou W. Tissue-resident memory T cells in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211911. [PMID: 33755718 PMCID: PMC7992502 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a heterogeneous T cell population with the functionality of both effector and memory T cells. TRM express residence gene signatures. This feature allows them to traffic to, reside in, and potentially patrol peripheral tissues, thereby enforcing an efficient long-term immune-protective role. Recent studies have revealed TRM involvement in tumor immune responses. TRM tumor infiltration correlates with enhanced response to current immunotherapy and is often associated with favorable clinical outcome in patients with cancer. Thus, targeting TRM may lead to enhanced cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Here, we review and discuss recent advances on the nature of TRM in the context of tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Okła
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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21
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Mora-Buch R, Bromley SK. Discipline in Stages: Regulating CD8 + Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:624199. [PMID: 33815352 PMCID: PMC8017121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells are a lymphocyte lineage distinct from circulating memory CD8+ T cells. TRM lodge within peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs where they provide rapid, local protection from pathogens and control tumor growth. However, dysregulation of CD8+ TRM formation and/or activation may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Intrinsic mechanisms, including transcriptional networks and inhibitory checkpoint receptors control TRM differentiation and response. Additionally, extrinsic stimuli such as cytokines, cognate antigen, fatty acids, and damage signals regulate TRM formation, maintenance, and expansion. In this review, we will summarize knowledge of CD8+ TRM generation and highlight mechanisms that regulate the persistence and responses of heterogeneous TRM populations in different tissues and distinct microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Mora-Buch
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shannon K Bromley
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Abou-Daya KI, Tieu R, Zhao D, Rammal R, Sacirbegovic F, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Lakkis FG. Resident memory T cells form during persistent antigen exposure leading to allograft rejection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabc8122. [PMID: 33741656 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contained at sites of previous infection provide local protection against reinfection. Whether they form and function in organ transplants where cognate antigen persists is unclear. This is a key question in transplantation as T cells are detected long term in allografts, but it is not known whether they are exhausted or are functional memory T cells. Using a mouse model of kidney transplantation, we showed that antigen-specific and polyclonal effector T cells differentiated in the graft into TRM and subsequently caused allograft rejection. TRM identity was established by surface phenotype, transcriptional profile, and inability to recirculate in parabiosis and retransplantation experiments. Graft TRM proliferated locally, produced interferon-γ upon restimulation, and their in vivo depletion attenuated rejection. The vast majority of antigen-specific and polyclonal TRM lacked phenotypic and transcriptional exhaustion markers. Single-cell analysis of graft T cells early and late after transplantation identified a transcriptional program associated with transition to the tissue-resident state that could serve as a platform for the discovery of therapeutic targets. Thus, recipient effector T cells differentiate into functional graft TRM that maintain rejection locally. Targeting these TRM could improve renal transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Roger Tieu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rayan Rammal
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Faruk Sacirbegovic
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Warren D Shlomchik
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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23
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Liao W, Liu Y, Ma C, Wang L, Li G, Mishra S, Srinivasan S, Fan KKH, Wu H, Li Q, Zhao M, Liu X, Demel EL, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Lu Q, Zhang N. The downregulation of IL-18R defines bona fide kidney-resident CD8 + T cells. iScience 2021; 24:101975. [PMID: 33474536 PMCID: PMC7803637 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stepwise induction of CD69 and CD103 marks distinct differentiation stages of mucosal Trms. But the majority of non-mucosal Trm lacks CD103 expression. The expression of CD69 alone cannot faithfully define Trm cells in heavily vascularized non-mucosal tissues, such as the kidney. Here, we found that a subset of kidney Trms downregulated IL-18 receptor during differentiation. Via global transcriptional analysis and parabiosis experiments, we have discovered that the downregulation of interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is associated with the establishment of tissue residency. Together with the expression of CD69, IL-18Rlo exclusively identify tissue-resident cells whereas IL-18Rhi population contains both tissue-resident and migratory ones. Local cytokines including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interferon α (IFN-α)/β as well as TGF-β-dependent suppression of transcription factor Tcf-1 are essential for IL-18R downregulation during kidney Trm differentiation. Together, we identified a convenient surface marker to distinguish bona fide kidney-resident CD8+ T cells as well as underlying molecular mechanisms controlling this differentiation process. CD8+ Trm cells downregulate IL-18 receptor during differentiation IL-18Rhi population is composed of both migratory and resident subsets IL-18Rlo population is exclusively tissue-resident TGF-β promotes, whereas IFN-α/β inhibits, IL-18R downregulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Erika L Demel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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24
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Liver-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells: Possible Roles in Chronic HBV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010283. [PMID: 33396596 PMCID: PMC7795050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or complete elimination of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) has been challenging in the treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection. Although novel antivirals are being investigated, improving HBV-specific adaptive immune responses is also important for durable viral clearance. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells were recently reported as a T-cell population that resides in peripheral tissues and does not recirculate. TRM cells have been studied in the livers of mice and humans. Liver TRM cells have distinct characteristics compared to T cells in peripheral blood or other tissues, which may be associated with the unique microenvironment of the liver. In this review, we describe the characteristics of liver TRM cells and their implications in chronic HBV infection. We emphasize that liver TRM cells can be an immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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25
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Resident Memory T Cells and Their Role within the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228565. [PMID: 33202970 PMCID: PMC7696659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is fundamental to maintain immunity against re-invading pathogens. It is the basis for prolonged protection induced by vaccines and can be mediated by humoral or cellular responses-the latter largely mediated by T cells. Memory T cells belong to different subsets with specialized functions and distributions within the body. They can be broadly separated into circulating memory cells, which pace the entire body through the lymphatics and blood, and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, which are constrained to peripheral tissues. Retained in the tissues where they form, TRM cells provide a frontline defense against reinfection. Here, we review this population of cells with specific attention to the liver, where TRM cells have been found to protect against infections, in particular those by Plasmodium species that cause malaria.
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26
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Ren HM, Lukacher AE. IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186966. [PMID: 32971931 PMCID: PMC7554897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer by mitigating generation of exhausted T cells (TEX). CD4 T cell help is also required for establishing and maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), the nonrecirculating memory T cell subset parked in nonlymphoid tissues to provide frontline defense against reinvading pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-21 is the signature cytokine secreted by follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH) to drive B cell expansion and differentiation in germinal centers to mount high-affinity, isotype class-switched antibodies. In several infection models, IL-21 has been identified as the CD4 T help needed for formation and survival of TRM and TEX. In this review, we will explore the different memory subsets of CD8 T cells in persistent infections, the metabolic profiles associated with each, and evidence documenting the importance of CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 in regulating CD8 TRM and TEX development, homeostasis, and function.
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27
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Ren HM, Kolawole EM, Ren M, Jin G, Netherby-Winslow CS, Wade Q, Shwetank, Rahman ZSM, Evavold BD, Lukacher AE. IL-21 from high-affinity CD4 T cells drives differentiation of brain-resident CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/51/eabb5590. [PMID: 32948671 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells depends on CD4 T cells. In polyomavirus central nervous system infection, brain CXCR5hi PD-1hi CD4 T cells produce interleukin-21 (IL-21), and CD8 T cells lacking IL-21 receptors (IL21R-/-) fail to become bTRM IL-21+ CD4 T cells exhibit elevated T cell receptor (TCR) affinity and higher TCR density. IL21R-/- brain CD8 T cells do not express CD103, depend on vascular CD8 T cells for maintenance, are antigen recall defective, and lack TRM core signature genes. CD4 T cell-deficient and IL21R-/- brain CD8 T cells show similar deficiencies in expression of genes for oxidative metabolism, and intrathecal delivery of IL-21 to CD4 T cell-depleted mice restores expression of electron transport genes in CD8 T cells to wild-type levels. Thus, high-affinity CXCR5hi PD-1hi CD4 T cells in the brain produce IL-21, which drives CD8 bTRM differentiation in response to a persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kolawole
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mingqiang Ren
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Quinn Wade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shwetank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aron E Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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28
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Wang T, Shen Y, Luyten S, Yang Y, Jiang X. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Behr FM, Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Kragten NAM, Wesselink TH, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Circulating memory CD8 + T cells are limited in forming CD103 + tissue-resident memory T cells at mucosal sites after reinfection. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:151-166. [PMID: 32762051 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM ) localize to barrier tissues and mediate local protection against reinvading pathogens. Circulating central memory (TCM ) and effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM ) also contribute to tissue recall responses, but their potential to form mucosal TRM remains unclear. Here, we employed adoptive transfer and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus reinfection models to specifically assess secondary responses of TCM and TEM at mucosal sites. Donor TCM and TEM exhibited robust systemic recall responses, but only limited accumulation in the small intestine, consistent with reduced expression of tissue-homing and -retention molecules. Murine and human circulating memory T cells also exhibited limited CD103 upregulation following TGF-β stimulation. Upon pathogen clearance, TCM and TEM readily gave rise to secondary TEM . TCM also formed secondary central memory in lymphoid tissues and TRM in internal tissues, for example, the liver. Both TCM and TEM failed to substantially contribute to resident mucosal memory in the small intestine, while activated intestinal TRM , but not liver TRM , efficiently reformed CD103+ TRM . Our findings demonstrate that circulating TCM and TEM are limited in generating mucosal TRM upon reinfection. This may pose important implications on cell therapy and vaccination strategies employing memory CD8+ T cells for protection at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Shepherd FR, McLaren JE. T Cell Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Immune Control and Bacterial Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6144. [PMID: 32858901 PMCID: PMC7504484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body frequently encounters harmful bacterial pathogens and employs immune defense mechanisms designed to counteract such pathogenic assault. In the adaptive immune system, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted αβ T cells, along with unconventional αβ or γδ T cells, respond to bacterial antigens to orchestrate persisting protective immune responses and generate immunological memory. Research in the past ten years accelerated our knowledge of how T cells recognize bacterial antigens and how many bacterial species have evolved mechanisms to evade host antimicrobial immune responses. Such escape mechanisms act to corrupt the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, potentially tipping the balance of host immune responses toward pathological rather than protective. This review examines the latest developments in our knowledge of how T cell immunity responds to bacterial pathogens and evaluates some of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade such T cell immunosurveillance, to promote virulence and survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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31
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Borges da Silva H, Peng C, Wang H, Wanhainen KM, Ma C, Lopez S, Khoruts A, Zhang N, Jameson SC. Sensing of ATP via the Purinergic Receptor P2RX7 Promotes CD8 + Trm Cell Generation by Enhancing Their Sensitivity to the Cytokine TGF-β. Immunity 2020; 53:158-171.e6. [PMID: 32640257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells mediate protective immunity in barrier tissues, but the cues promoting Trm cell generation are poorly understood. Sensing of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) by the purinergic receptor P2RX7 is needed for recirculating CD8+ T cell memory, but its role for Trm cells is unclear. Here we showed that P2RX7 supported Trm cell generation by enhancing CD8+ T cell sensing of TGF-β, which was necessary for tissue residency. P2RX7-deficient Trm cells progressively decayed in non-lymphoid tissues and expressed dysregulated Trm-specific markers. P2RX7 was required for efficient re-expression of the receptor TGF-βRII through calcineurin signaling. Forced Tgfbr2 expression rescued P2RX7-deficient Trm cell generation, and TGF-β sensitivity was dictated by P2RX7 agonists and antagonists. Forced Tgfbr2 also rescued P2RX7-deficient Trm cell mitochondrial function. Sustained P2RX7 signaling was required for long-term Trm cell maintenance, indicating that P2RX7 signaling drives induction and CD8+ T cell durability in barrier sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Borges da Silva
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelsey M Wanhainen
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sharon Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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32
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Local heroes or villains: tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:113-122. [PMID: 31969685 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are increasingly associated with the outcomes of health and disease. TRM cells can mediate local immune protection against infections and cancer, which has led to interest in TRM cells as targets for vaccination and immunotherapies. However, these cells have also been implicated in mediating detrimental pro-inflammatory responses in autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. Here, we summarize the biology of TRM cells established in animal models and in translational human studies. We review the beneficial effects of TRM cells in mediating protective responses against infection and cancer and the adverse role of TRM cells in driving pathology in autoimmunity. A further understanding of the breadth and mechanisms of TRM cell activity is essential for the safe design of strategies that manipulate TRM cells, such that protective responses can be enhanced without unwanted tissue damage, and pathogenic TRM cells can be eliminated without losing local immunity.
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33
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Chen L, Shen Z. Tissue-resident memory T cells and their biological characteristics in the recurrence of inflammatory skin disorders. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:64-75. [PMID: 31595056 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body. The establishment of immunological memory in the skin is a crucial component of the adaptive immune response. Once naive T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells, a small fraction of them differentiate into precursor memory T cells. These precursor cells ultimately develop into several subsets of memory T cells, including central memory T (TCM) cells, effector memory T (TEM) cells, and tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells. TRM cells have a unique transcriptional profile, and their most striking characteristics are their long-term survival (longevity) and low migration in peripheral tissues, including the skin. Under physiological conditions, TRM cells that reside in the skin can respond rapidly to pathogenic challenges. However, there is emerging evidence to support the vital role of TRM cells in the recurrence of chronic inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, vitiligo, and fixed drug eruption, under pathological or uncontrolled conditions. Clarifying and characterizing the mechanisms that are involved in skin TRM cells will help provide promising strategies for reducing the frequency and magnitude of skin inflammation recurrence. Here, we discuss recent insights into the generation, homing, retention, and survival of TRM cells and share our perspectives on the biological characteristics of TRM cells in the recurrence of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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34
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Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as a major component of T cell biology. Recent investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of TRMs. Common features have been discovered to distinguish memory T cells residing in various mucosal and non-mucosal tissues from their circulating counterparts. Given that most organs and tissues contain a unique microenvironment, local signal-induced tissue-specific features are tightly associated with the differentiation, homeostasis, and protective functions of TRMs. Here, we discuss recent advances in the TRM field with a special emphasis on the interaction between local signals and TRMs in the context of individual tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Law BMP, Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kildey K, Giuliani K, Beagley KW, Ungerer J, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. Human Tissue-Resident Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Renal Fibrosis and CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1322-1335. [PMID: 31186283 PMCID: PMC6622420 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a specialized lymphocyte population associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. Little is known, however, about MAIT cells in diseases of the kidney, including CKD. METHODS To evaluate MAIT cells in human native kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of CKD, we used multicolor flow cytometry to identify, enumerate, and phenotype such cells from human kidney tissue biopsy samples, and immunofluorescence microscopy to localize these cells. We cocultured MAIT cells and human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions to enable examination of mechanistic tubulointerstitial interactions. RESULTS We identified MAIT cells (CD3+ TCR Vα7.2+ CD161hi) in healthy and diseased kidney tissues, detecting expression of tissue-resident markers (CD103/CD69) on MAIT cells in both states. Tissue samples from kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis had significantly elevated numbers of MAIT cells compared with either nonfibrotic samples from diseased kidneys or tissue samples from healthy kidneys. Furthermore, CD69 expression levels, also an established marker of lymphocyte activation, were significantly increased on MAIT cells from fibrotic tissue samples. Immunofluorescent analyses of fibrotic kidney tissue identified MAIT cells accumulating adjacent to PTECs. Notably, MAIT cells activated in the presence of human PTECs under hypoxic conditions (modeling the fibrotic microenvironment) displayed significantly upregulated expression of CD69 and cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B; we also observed a corresponding significant increase in PTEC necrosis in these cocultures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that human tissue-resident MAIT cells in the kidney may contribute to the fibrotic process of CKD via complex interactions with PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker M P Law
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kurt Giuliani
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Jacobus Ungerer
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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36
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Walsh DA, Borges da Silva H, Beura LK, Peng C, Hamilton SE, Masopust D, Jameson SC. The Functional Requirement for CD69 in Establishment of Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells Varies with Tissue Location. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:946-955. [PMID: 31243092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have characterized populations of memory CD8+ T cells that do not recirculate through the blood but are, instead, retained in nonlymphoid tissues. Such CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical for pathogen control at barrier sites. Identifying TRM and defining the basis for their tissue residency is therefore of considerable importance for understanding protective immunity and improved vaccine design. Expression of the molecule CD69 is widely used as a definitive marker for TRM, yet it is unclear whether CD69 is universally required for producing or retaining TRM Using multiple mouse models of acute immunization, we found that the functional requirement for CD69 was highly variable, depending on the tissue examined, playing no detectable role in generation of TRM at some sites (such as the small intestine), whereas CD69 was critical for establishing resident cells in the kidney. Likewise, forced expression of CD69 (but not expression of a CD69 mutant unable to bind the egress factor S1PR1) promoted CD8+ TRM generation in the kidney but not in other tissues. Our findings indicate that the functional relevance of CD69 in generation and maintenance of CD8+ TRM varies considerably, chiefly dependent on the specific nonlymphoid tissue studied. Together with previous reports that suggest uncoupling of CD69 expression and tissue residency, these findings prompt caution in reliance on CD69 expression as a consistent marker of CD8+ TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Walsh
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Henrique Borges da Silva
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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37
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Characterization of donor and recipient CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells in transplant nephrectomies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5984. [PMID: 30979940 PMCID: PMC6461670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are characterized by their surface expression of CD69 and can be subdivided in CD103+ and CD103− TRM cells. The origin and functional characteristics of TRM cells in the renal allograft are largely unknown. To determine these features we studied TRM cells in transplant nephrectomies. TRM cells with a CD103+ and CD103− phenotype were present in all samples (n = 13) and were mainly CD8+ T cells. Of note, donor-derived TRM cells were only detectable in renal allografts that failed in the first month after transplantation. Grafts, which failed later, mainly contained recipient derived TRM cells. The gene expression profiles of the recipient derived CD8+ TRM cells were studied in more detail and showed a previously described signature of tissue residence within both CD103+ and CD103− TRM cells. All CD8+ TRM cells had strong effector abilities through the production of IFNγ and TNFα, and harboured high levels of intracellular granzyme B and low levels of perforin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that donor and recipient TRM cells reside in the rejected renal allograft. Over time, the donor-derived TRM cells are replaced by recipient TRM cells which have features that enables these cells to aggressively respond to the allograft.
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38
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Sun H, Sun C, Xiao W, Sun R. Tissue-resident lymphocytes: from adaptive to innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:205-215. [PMID: 30635650 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient immune responses against invading pathogens often involve coordination between cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. For multiple decades, it has been believed that CD8+ memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells constantly and uniformly recirculate. Only recently was the existence of noncirculating memory T and NK cells that remain resident in the peripheral tissues, termed tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells, observed in various organs owing to improved techniques. TRM cells populate a wide range of peripheral organs, including the skin, sensory ganglia, gut, lungs, brain, salivary glands, female reproductive tract, and others. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of TRM in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well, leading to revision of the classic theory that they exist only in peripheral organs. trNK cells have been identified in the uterus, skin, kidney, adipose tissue, and salivary glands. These tissue-resident lymphocytes do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatic system and often adopt a unique phenotype that is distinct from those of circulating immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the tissue residency of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on CD8+ memory T cells, and describe some advances regarding unconventional T cells (invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and γδ T cells) and the emerging family of trNK cells. Specifically, we will focus on the phenotypes and functions of these subsets and discuss their implications in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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39
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Wu X, Wu P, Shen Y, Jiang X, Xu F. CD8 + Resident Memory T Cells and Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2093. [PMID: 30283442 PMCID: PMC6156262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a subset of recently identified memory T cells that mainly reside and serve as sentinels in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Unlike the well-characterized circulating central memory T (Tcm) cells and effector memory T (Tem) cells, Trm cells persist in the tissues, do not recirculate into blood, and offer immediate protection against pathogens upon reinfection. In this review, we focus on CD8+ Trm cells and briefly introduce their characteristics, development, maintenance, and function during viral infection. We also discuss some unresolved problems, such as how CD8+ Trm cells adapt to the local tissue microenvironment, how Trm cells interact with other immune cells during their development and maintenance, and the mechanisms by which CD8+ Trm cells confer immune protection. We believe that a better understanding of these problems is of great clinical and therapeutic value and may contribute to more effective vaccination and treatments against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Shen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Takamura S. Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 29904388 PMCID: PMC5990602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are a population of immune cells that reside in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without recirculation through the blood. These important cells occupy and utilize unique anatomical and physiological niches that are distinct from those for other memory T cell populations, such as central memory T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs and effector memory T cells that circulate through the tissues. CD8+ TRM cells typically localize in the epithelial layers of barrier tissues where they are optimally positioned to act as sentinels to trigger antigen-specific protection against reinfection. CD4+ TRM cells typically localize below the epithelial layers, such as below the basement membrane, and cluster in lymphoid structures designed to optimize interactions with antigen-presenting cells upon reinfection. A key feature of TRM populations is their ability to be maintained in barrier tissues for prolonged periods of time. For example, skin CD8+ TRM cells displace epidermal niches originally occupied by γδ T cells, thereby enabling their stable persistence for years. It is also clear that the long-term maintenance of TRM cells in different microenvironments is dependent on multiple tissue-specific survival cues, although the specific details are poorly understood. However, not all TRM persist over the long term. Recently, we identified a new spatial niche for the maintenance of CD8+ TRM cells in the lung, which is created at the site of tissue regeneration after injury [termed repair-associated memory depots (RAMD)]. The short-lived nature of RAMD potentially explains the short lifespans of CD8+ TRM cells in this particular tissue. Clearly, a better understanding of the niche-dependent maintenance of TRM cells will be important for the development of vaccines designed to promote barrier immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the properties and nature of tissue-specific niches that maintain TRM cells in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Ickrath P, Kleinsasser N, Ding X, Ginzkey C, Beyersdorf N, Hagen R, Kerkau T, Hackenberg S. Accumulation of CD69+ tissue‑resident memory T cells in the nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1116-1124. [PMID: 29749428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a relative accumulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells over CD4+ T cells occurs in nasal polyps compared with the peripheral blood. Nasal CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells predominantly present an effector memory phenotype. Immunological studies have reported that memory T cells recirculate from the tissues to the peripheral blood and a high percentage of these T cells persist within the tissue. The aim of the present study was to characterize CD69+ sphingosine‑1‑phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1)‑ tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in the polyps of patients with CRSwNP. Tissue and blood samples were collected from 10 patients undergoing nasal sinus surgery. Expression of specific extra‑ and intracellular molecules were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry. A significantly higher level of CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells was present in nasal polyps, while significantly more CD4+ T cells than CD8+ T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of patients with CRSwNP. The frequency of CD69+ T cells was significantly higher in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in nasal polyps compared with the peripheral blood. The frequency of CD69+ S1PR1‑ Trm was also significantly higher in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from nasal polyps compared with the peripheral blood. Within polyps, the frequency of CD69+ S1PR1‑ Trm was again significantly higher in CD8+ compared with CD4+ T cells. In summary, a significantly higher frequency of CD69+ S1PR1‑ T cells was observed in the nasal polyps compared with the peripheral blood in patients with CRSwNP. The results of the present study suggest that local regulation of the immune response occurs within nasal polyps. As such, Trm should be considered a potential stimulus in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. However, the role of Trm in nasal polyps as a pathogenic trigger of the local inflammatory reaction requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, A‑4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 'Otto Körner', University Medical Center Rostock, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, D‑97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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42
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Milner JJ, Goldrath AW. Transcriptional programming of tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:162-169. [PMID: 29621697 PMCID: PMC5943164 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) are localized in non-lymphoid tissues throughout the body where they mediate long-lived protective immunity at common sites of pathogen exposure. As the signals controlling TRM differentiation are uncovered, it is becoming apparent that the dynamic activities of numerous transcription factors are intricately involved in TRM formation. Here, we highlight known transcriptional regulators of TRM differentiation and discuss how understanding the transcriptional programming of CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues can be leveraged to prevent or treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Justin Milner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA.
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43
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Muczynski KA, Leca N, Anderson AE, Kieran N, Anderson SK. Multicolor Flow Cytometry and Cytokine Analysis Provides Enhanced Information on Kidney Transplant Biopsies. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:956-969. [PMID: 29989006 PMCID: PMC6035131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current processing of renal biopsy samples provides limited information about immune mechanisms causing kidney injury and disease activity. We used flow cytometry with transplanted kidney biopsy samples to provide more information on the immune status of the kidney. Methods To enhance the information available from a biopsy, we developed a technique for reducing a fraction of a renal biopsy sample to single cells for multicolor flow cytometry and quantitation of secreted cytokines present within the biopsy sample. As proof of concept, we used our technique with transplant kidney biopsy samples to provide examples of clinically relevant immune information obtainable with cytometry. Results A ratio of CD8+ to CD4+ lymphocytes greater than or equal to 1.2 in transplanted allografts is associated with rejection, even before it is apparent by microscopy. Elevated numbers of CD45 leukocytes and higher levels of interleukin (IL)−6, IL-8, and IL-10 indicate more severe injury. Antibody binding to renal microvascular endothelial cells can be measured and corresponds to antibody-mediated forms of allograft rejection. Eculizumab binding to endothelial cells suggests complement activation, which may be independent of bound antibody. We compared intrarenal leukocyte subsets and activation states to those of peripheral blood from the same donor at the time of biopsy and found significant differences; thus the need for new techniques to evaluate immune responses within the kidney. Conclusion Assessment of leukocyte subsets, renal microvascular endothelial properties, and measurement of cytokines within a renal biopsy by flow cytometry enhance understanding of pathogenesis, indicate disease activity, and identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolae Leca
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arthur E Anderson
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niamh Kieran
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan K Anderson
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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44
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Turner JE, Becker M, Mittrücker HW, Panzer U. Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes in the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:389-399. [PMID: 29093030 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that nonlymphoid tissues are populated by distinct subsets of innate and adaptive lymphocytes that are characterized by minimal exchange with recirculating counterparts. Especially at barrier sites, such as the skin, gut, and lung, these tissue-resident lymphocyte populations are ideally positioned to quickly respond to pathogens and other environmental stimuli. The kidney harbors several classes of innate and innate-like lymphocytes that have been described to contribute to this tissue-resident population in other organs, including innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells. Additionally, a substantial proportion of the adaptive lymphocytes that are found in the kidney displays a surface phenotype suggestive of tissue residency, such as CD69+CD4+ T cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of tissue-resident lymphocyte populations, review the available evidence for the existence of these populations in the kidney, and discuss the potential physiologic and pathophysiologic roles thereof in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Not Just an Adhesion Molecule: LFA-1 Contact Tunes the T Lymphocyte Program. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1213-1221. [PMID: 28784685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The αLβ2 integrin LFA-1 is known to play a key role in T lymphocyte migration, which is necessary to mount a local immune response, and is also the main driver of autoimmune diseases. This migration-triggering signaling process in T cells is tightly regulated to permit an immune response that is appropriate to the local trigger, as well as to prevent deleterious tissue-damaging bystander effects. Emerging evidence shows that, in addition to prompting a diverse range of downstream signaling cascades, LFA-1 stimulation in T lymphocytes modulates gene-transcription programs, including genetic signatures of TGF-β and Notch pathways, with multifactorial biological outcomes. This review highlights recent findings and discusses molecular mechanisms by which LFA-1 signaling influence T lymphocyte differentiation into the effector subsets Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells. We argue that LFA-1 contact with a cognate ligand, such as ICAM-1, independent of the immune synapse activates a late divergence in T cells' effector phenotypes, hence fine-tuning their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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