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Wang X, Zhang J, Liu M, Guo Y, Guo P, Yang X, Shang B, Li M, Tian J, Zhang T, Wang X, Jin R, Zhou J, Gao GF, Liu J. Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:160. [PMID: 38866784 PMCID: PMC11169541 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic. However, the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored. In our research, we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, identifying cross-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Then, in vitro refolding and circular dichroism were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the HLA/peptide complexes. Lastly, single-cell T cell receptor reservoir was analyzed based on tetramer staining. Here, we discovered that cross-reactive T cells targeting SARS-CoV were present in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, and identified SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell epitopes spanning the major structural antigens. T cell responses induced by the nonconserved peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were higher and played a dominant role in the cross-reactivity in COVID-19 convalescents. Cross-T cell reactivity was also observed within the identified series of CD8+ T cell epitopes. For representative immunodominant peptide pairs, although the HLA binding capacities for peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar, the TCR repertoires recognizing these peptides were distinct. Our results could provide beneficial information for the development of peptide-based universal vaccines against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Li M, Guo Y, Deng Y, Gao W, Huang B, Yao W, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Huang M, Liu M, Li L, Guo P, Tian J, Wang X, Lin Y, Gan J, Guo Y, Hu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Shang B, Yang M, Han Y, Wang Y, Cong P, Li M, Chu Q, Zhang D, Wang Q, Zhang T, Wu G, Tan W, Gao GF, Liu J. Long-lasting humoral and cellular memory immunity to vaccinia virus Tiantan provides pre-existing immunity against mpox virus in Chinese population. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113609. [PMID: 38159277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating immune memory to vaccinia virus and pre-existing immunity to mpox virus (MPXV) among the population is crucial for the global response to this ongoing mpox epidemic. Blood was sampled from vaccinees inoculated with vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) strain born before 1981 and unvaccinated control subjects born since 1982. After at least 40 years of the inoculation, 60% or 5% VTT vaccinees possess neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to VTT or MPXV, with at least 50% having T cell memory to VTT protein antigens. Notably, 46.7% vaccinees show pre-existing T cell responses to MPXV. Broad pre-existing CD8+ T cell reactivities to MPXV are detected not only against conserved epitopes but also against variant epitopes between VTT and MPXV. Persistent NAbs and T cell memory to VTT among vaccinees, along with pre-existing T cells to MPXV among both vaccinees and the unvaccinated population, indicate a particular immune barrier to mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yao Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Chaoyang District for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiyong Yao
- Dongba Community Healthcare Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Dongba Community Healthcare Service Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mengkun Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinxian Gan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuechao Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peilei Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiaohong Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Xiao W, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Lu D, Lu S, Zhang Q, Peng W, Shu L, Zhang J, Liu S, Zong K, Wang P, Ye B, Zhang D, Li S, Tan S, Liu P, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Lu X, Gao GF, Liu J. Characterization of CD8 + T cells in immune-privileged organs of ZIKV-infected Ifnar1-/- mice. J Virol 2024; 98:e0078923. [PMID: 38168677 PMCID: PMC10805016 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused neurological complications and male infertility, leading to the accumulation of antigen-specific immune cells in immune-privileged organs (IPOs). Thus, it is important to understand the immunological responses to ZIKV in IPOs. We extensively investigated the ZIKV-specific T cell immunity in IPOs in Ifnar1-/- mice, based on an immunodominant epitope E294-302 tetramer. The distinct kinetics and functions of virus-specific CD8+ T cells infiltrated into different IPOs were characterized, with late elevation in the brain and spinal cord. Single epitope E294-302-specific T cells can account for 20-60% of the total CD8+ T cells in the brain, spinal cord, and testicle and persist for at least 90 days in the brain and spinal cord. The E294-302-specific TCRαβs within the IPOs are featured with the majority of clonotypes utilizing TRAV9N-3 paired with diverse TRBV chains, but with distinct αβ paired clonotypes in 7 and 30 days post-infection. Specific chemokine receptors, Ccr2 and Ccr5, were selectively expressed in the E294-302-specific CD8+ T cells within the brain and testicle, indicating an IPO-oriented migration of virus-specific CD8+ T cells after infection. Overall, this study adds to the understanding of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses for controlling and clearing ZIKV infection in IPOs.IMPORTANCEThe immune-privileged organs (IPOs), such as the central nervous system and testicles, presented pathogenicity and inflammation after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with infiltrated CD8+ T cells. Our data show that CD8+ T cells keep up with virus increases and decreases in immune-privileged organs. Furthermore, our study provides the first ex vivo comparative analyses of the composition and diversity related to TCRα/β clonotypes across anatomical sites and ZIKV infection phases. We show that the vast majority of TCRα/β clonotypes in tissues utilize TRAV9N-3 with conservation. Specific chemokine expression, including Ccr2 and Ccr5, was found to be selectively expressed in the E294-302-specific CD8+ T cells within the brain and testicle, indicating an IPO-oriented migration of the virus-specific CD8+ T cells after the infection. Our study adds insights into the anti-viral immunological characterization and chemotaxis mechanism of virus-specific CD8+ T cells after ZIKV infection in different IPOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenling Xiao
- Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (The Lecong Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Liumei Shu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Sai Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Zong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Beiwei Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George F. Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses (2018RU009), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Feng L, Gao YY, Sun M, Li ZB, Zhang Q, Yang J, Qiao C, Jin H, Feng HS, Xian YH, Qi J, Gao GF, Liu WJ, Gao FS. The Parallel Presentation of Two Functional CTL Epitopes Derived from the O and Asia 1 Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Swine SLA-2*HB01: Implications for Universal Vaccine Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244017. [PMID: 36552780 PMCID: PMC9777387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to the livestock industry. Through their recognition of the conserved epitopes presented by the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), T cells play a pivotal role in the antiviral immunity of pigs. Herein, based on the peptide binding motif of SLA-2*HB01, from an original SLA-2 allele, a series of functional T-cell epitopes derived from the dominant antigen VP1 of FMDV with high binding capacity to SLA-2 were identified. Two parallel peptides, Hu64 and As64, from the O and Asia I serotypes, respectively, were both crystallized with SLA-2*HB01. Compared to SLA-1 and SLA-3, the SLA-2 structures showed the flexibility of residues in the P4, P6, and P8 positions and in their potential interface with TCR. Notably, the peptides Hu64 and As64 adopted quite similar overall conformation when bound to SLA-2*HB01. Hu64 has two different conformations, a more stable 'chair' conformation and an unstable 'boat' conformation observed in the two molecules of one asymmetric unit, whereas only a single 'chair' conformation was observed for As64. Both Hu64 and As64 could induce similar dominant T-cell activities. Our interdisciplinary study establishes a basis for the in-depth interpretation of the peptide presentation of SLA-I, which can be used toward the development of universal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Yu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zi-Bin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cui Qiao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yu-Han Xian
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (G.F.G.); (W.J.L.); (F.-S.G.)
| | - William J. Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (G.F.G.); (W.J.L.); (F.-S.G.)
| | - Feng-Shan Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Correspondence: (G.F.G.); (W.J.L.); (F.-S.G.)
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5
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Tang L, Zhang D, Han P, Kang X, Zheng A, Xu Z, Zhao X, Wang VYF, Qi J, Wang Q, Liu K, Gao GF. Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants binding to intermediate horseshoe bat ACE2. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4658-4668. [PMID: 35874946 PMCID: PMC9305271 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Intermediate horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus affinis) are hosts of RaTG13, the second most phylogenetically related viruses to SARS-CoV-2. We report the binding between intermediate horseshoe bat ACE2 (bACE2-Ra) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), supporting the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. A 3.3 Å resolution crystal structure of the bACE2-Ra/SARS-CoV-2 RBD complex was determined. The interaction networks of Patch 1 showed differences in R34 and E35 of bACE2-Ra compared to hACE2 and big-eared horseshoe bat ACE2 (bACE2-Rm). The E35K substitution, existing in other species, significantly enhanced the binding affinity owing to its electrostatic attraction with E484 of SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Furthermore, bACE2-Ra showed extensive support for the SARS-CoV-2 variants. These results broaden our knowledge of the ACE2/RBD interaction mechanism and emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of intermediate horseshoe bats to prevent spillover risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Di Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Pu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinrui Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anqi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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6
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Lu D, Xu Z, Zhang D, Jiang M, Liu K, He J, Ma D, Ma X, Tan S, Gao GF, Chai Y. PD-1 N58-Glycosylation-Dependent Binding of Monoclonal Antibody Cemiplimab for Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826045. [PMID: 35309324 PMCID: PMC8924070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a powerful clinical treatment for tumors. Cemiplimab is a human IgG4 antibody approved in 2018 and is the first MAb proven to be effective for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Here, we report the crystal structure of cemiplimab bound to PD-1 and the effects of PD-1 N-glycosylation on the interactions with cemiplimab. The structure of the cemiplimab/PD-1 complex shows that cemiplimab mainly binds to PD-1 with its heavy chain, whereas the light chain serves as the predominant region to compete with the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1. The interaction network of cemiplimab to PD-1 resembles that of camrelizumab (another PD-1-binding MAb), and the N58 glycan on the BC loop of PD-1 may be involved in the interaction with cemiplimab. The binding affinity of cemiplimab with PD-1 was substantially decreased with N58-glycan-deficient PD-1, whereas the PD-1/PD-L1 blocking efficiency of cemiplimab was attenuated upon binding to the N58-glycosylation-deficient PD-1. These results indicate that both the binding and blocking efficacy of cemiplimab require the N58 glycosylation of PD-1. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of the significance of PD-1 glycosylation in the interaction with cemiplimab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanhua He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongli Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Aleebrahim-Dehkordi E, Molavi B, Mokhtari M, Deravi N, Fathi M, Fazel T, Mohebalizadeh M, Koochaki P, Shobeiri P, Hasanpour-Dehkordi A. T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses. Transpl Immunol 2022; 70:101495. [PMID: 34774738 PMCID: PMC8579696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body's defense against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward intracellular pathogens while T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are considered to be critical for the helminthic parasites' elimination swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, a disease led to an epidemic in 2009 and rapidly spread globally via human-to-human transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in 2020 and is a serious threat to the public health. Pulmonary immunopathology is the leading cause of death during influenza and SARS-CoV-2 epidemics and pandemics. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 cause high levels of cytokines in the lung. Both inadequate levels and high levels of specific cytokines can have side effects. In this literature review article, we want to compare the Th1 and Th2 cells responses in SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Molavi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Fazel
- school of international campus, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Pooneh Koochaki
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science Branch, faculty of medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran..
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8
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Yin L, Liu X, Hu D, Luo Y, Zhang G, Liu P. Swine Enteric Coronaviruses (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV) Induce Divergent Interferon-Stimulated Gene Responses and Antigen Presentation in Porcine Intestinal Enteroids. Front Immunol 2022; 12:826882. [PMID: 35126380 PMCID: PMC8810500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.826882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), account for the majority of lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and pose significant economic and public health burdens in the world. While the three SECoVs primarily infect intestinal epithelia in vivo and cause similar clinical signs, there are evident discrepancies in their cellular tropism and pathogenicity. However, the underlying mechanisms to cause the differences remain unclear. Herein, we employed porcine enteroids that are a physiologically relevant model of the intestine to assess the host epithelial responses following infection with the three SECoVs (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV). Although SECoVs replicated similarly in jejunal enteroids, a parallel comparison of transcriptomics datasets uncovered that PEDV and TGEV infection induced similar transcriptional profiles and exhibited a more pronounced response with more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in jejunal enteroids compared with PDCoV infection. Notably, TGEV and PDCoV induced high levels of type I and III IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) responses, while PEDV displayed a delayed peak and elicited a much lesser extent of IFN responses. Furthermore, TGEV and PDCoV instead of PEDV elicited a substantial upregulation of antigen-presentation genes and T cell-recruiting chemokines in enteroids. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that IFNs treatment markedly elevated the expression of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family NLRC5 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. Together, our results indicate unique and common viral strategies for manipulating the global IFN responses and antigen presentation utilized by SECoVs, which help us a better understanding of host-SECoVs interactions.
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9
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Ebrahimi-Nik H, Moussa M, Englander RP, Singhaviranon S, Michaux J, Pak H, Miyadera H, Corwin WL, Keller GLJ, Hagymasi AT, Shcheglova TV, Coukos G, Baker BM, Mandoiu II, Bassani-Sternberg M, Srivastava PK. Reversion analysis reveals the in vivo immunogenicity of a poorly MHC I-binding cancer neoepitope. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6423. [PMID: 34741035 PMCID: PMC8571378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-affinity MHC I-peptide interactions are considered essential for immunogenicity. However, some neo-epitopes with low affinity for MHC I have been reported to elicit CD8 T cell dependent tumor rejection in immunization-challenge studies. Here we show in a mouse model that a neo-epitope that poorly binds to MHC I is able to enhance the immunogenicity of a tumor in the absence of immunization. Fibrosarcoma cells with a naturally occurring mutation are edited to their wild type counterpart; the mutation is then re-introduced in order to obtain a cell line that is genetically identical to the wild type except for the neo-epitope-encoding mutation. Upon transplantation into syngeneic mice, all three cell lines form tumors that are infiltrated with activated T cells. However, lymphocytes from the two tumors that harbor the mutation show significantly stronger transcriptional signatures of cytotoxicity and TCR engagement, and induce greater breadth of TCR reactivity than those of the wild type tumors. Structural modeling of the neo-epitope peptide/MHC I pairs suggests increased hydrophobicity of the neo-epitope surface, consistent with higher TCR reactivity. These results confirm the in vivo immunogenicity of low affinity or ‘non-binding’ epitopes that do not follow the canonical concept of MHC I-peptide recognition. The immunogenicity of peptides is believed to be determined by their high-affinity binding to MHC I. Here authors show that low-affinity MHC I-peptide interactions are also able to trigger robust T cell response and anti-tumour immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Ebrahimi-Nik
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 105 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marmar Moussa
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ryan P Englander
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Summit Singhaviranon
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Justine Michaux
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - HuiSong Pak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Miyadera
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - William L Corwin
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Arvinas, 5 science park, 395 Winchester Ave, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grant L J Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Adam T Hagymasi
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tatiana V Shcheglova
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ion I Mandoiu
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pramod K Srivastava
- Department of Immunology and Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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10
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Wang P, Yue C, Liu K, Lu D, Liu S, Yao S, Li X, Su X, Ren K, Chai Y, Qi J, Zhao Y, Lou Y, Sun Z, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Peptide Presentations of Marsupial MHC Class I Visualize Immune Features of Lower Mammals Paralleled with Bats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2167-2178. [PMID: 34535575 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Marsupials are one of three major mammalian lineages that include the placental eutherians and the egg-laying monotremes. The marsupial brushtail possum is an important protected species in the Australian forest ecosystem. Molecules encoded by the MHC genes are essential mediators of adaptive immune responses in virus-host interactions. Yet, nothing is known about the peptide presentation features of any marsupial MHC class I (MHC I). This study identified a series of possum MHC I Trvu-UB*01:01 binding peptides derived from wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV), a lethal virus of both captive and feral possum populations, and unveiled the structure of marsupial peptide/MHC I complex. Notably, we found the two brushtail possum-specific insertions, the 3-aa Ile52Glu53Arg54 and 1-aa Arg154 insertions are located in the Trvu-UB*01:01 peptide binding groove (PBG). The 3-aa insertion plays a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of the N terminus of Trvu-UB*01:01 PBG. This aspect of marsupial PBG is unexpectedly similar to the bat MHC I Ptal-N*01:01 and is shared with lower vertebrates from elasmobranch to monotreme, indicating an evolution hotspot that may have emerged from the pathogen-host interactions. Residue Arg154 insertion, located in the α2 helix, is available for TCR recognition, and it has a particular influence on promoting the anchoring of peptide WPDV-12. These findings add significantly to our understanding of adaptive immunity in marsupials and its evolution in vertebrates. Our findings have the potential to impact the conservation of the protected species brushtail possum and other marsupial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Can Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Dan Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - George F Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - William J Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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11
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Zheng W, Yan L, Gou C, Zhang Z, Zhang JJ, Hu M, Wang F. Learning to learn by yourself: Unsupervised meta-learning with self-knowledge distillation for COVID-19 diagnosis from pneumonia cases. INT J INTELL SYST 2021; 36:4033-4064. [PMID: 38607826 PMCID: PMC8242586 DOI: 10.1002/int.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of diagnosing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from suspected pneumonia cases, that is, recognizing COVID-19 from chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) images, is to improve diagnostic accuracy, leading to faster intervention. The most important and challenging problem here is to design an effective and robust diagnosis model. To this end, there are three challenges to overcome: (1) The lack of training samples limits the success of existing deep-learning-based methods. (2) Many public COVID-19 data sets contain only a few images without fine-grained labels. (3) Due to the explosive growth of suspected cases, it is urgent and important to diagnose not only COVID-19 cases but also the cases of other types of pneumonia that are similar to the symptoms of COVID-19. To address these issues, we propose a novel framework called Unsupervised Meta-Learning with Self-Knowledge Distillation to address the problem of differentiating COVID-19 from pneumonia cases. During training, our model cannot use any true labels and aims to gain the ability of learning to learn by itself. In particular, we first present a deep diagnosis model based on a relation network to capture and memorize the relation among different images. Second, to enhance the performance of our model, we design a self-knowledge distillation mechanism that distills knowledge within our model itself. Our network is divided into several parts, and the knowledge in the deeper parts is squeezed into the shallow ones. The final results are derived from our model by learning to compare the features of images. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves significantly higher performance than other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we construct a new COVID-19 pneumonia data set based on text mining, consisting of 2696 COVID-19 images (347 X-ray + 2349 CT), 10,155 images (9661 X-ray + 494 CT) about other types of pneumonia, and the fine-grained labels of all. Our data set considers not only a bacterial infection or viral infection which causes pneumonia but also a viral infection derived from the influenza virus or coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zheng
- School of Software EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lan Yan
- The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chao Gou
- School of Intelligent Systems EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Cheng Zhang
- Seventh Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Jun J. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ming Hu
- Intensive Care UnitWuhan Pulmonary HospitalWuhanChina
| | - Fei‐Yue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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12
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Koch T, Fathi A, Addo MM. The COVID-19 Vaccine Landscape. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:549-573. [PMID: 33973199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The history of vaccine development spans centuries. At first, whole pathogens were used as vaccine agents, either inactivated or attenuated, to reduce virulence in humans. Safety and tolerability were increased by including only specific proteins as antigens and using cell culture methods, while novel vaccine strategies, like nucleic acid- or vector-based vaccines, hold high promise for the future. Vaccines have generally not been employed as the primary tools in outbreak response, but this might change since advances in medical technology in the last decades have made the concept of developing vaccines against novel pathogens a realistic strategy. Wandering the uncharted territory of a novel pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we can learn from other human Betacoronaviridae that emerged in the last decades, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We can identify the most likely target structures of immunity, establish animal models that emulate human disease and immunity as closely as possible, and learn about complex mechanisms of immune interaction such as cross-reactivity or antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, significant knowledge gaps remain. What are the correlates of protection? How do we best induce immunity in vulnerable populations like the elderly? Will the immunity induced by vaccination (or by natural infection) wane over time? To date, at least 149 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 are under development. At the time of writing, at least 17 candidates have already progressed past preclinical studies (in vitro models and in vivo animal experiments) into clinical development. This chapter will provide an overview of this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Koch
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anahita Fathi
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Coronaviruses in humans and animals: the role of bats in viral evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19589-19600. [PMID: 33655480 PMCID: PMC7924989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Bats act as a natural reservoir for many viruses, including coronaviruses, and have played a crucial epidemiological role in the emergence of many viral diseases. Coronaviruses have been known for 60 years. They are usually responsible for the induction of mild respiratory signs in humans. However, since 2002, the bat-borne virus started to induce fatal epidemics according to WHO reports. In this year, the first serious human coronavirus epidemic (severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS) occurred (China, 8098 cases, 774 deaths [9.5% of the cases] in 17 countries). The case fatality was higher in elderly patients above 60 years and reached 50% of the cases. SARS epidemic was followed 10 years later by the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia (in 2012, 2260 cases, 803 deaths [35.5% of the cases] in 27 countries). Finally, in December 2019, a new epidemic in Wuhan, China, (corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19) emerged and could spread to 217 countries infecting more than 86,255,226 cases and killing 1,863,973 people by the end of 2020. There are many reasons why bats are ideal reservoir hosts for viral diseases such as the tolerance of their immune system to the invading viruses for several months. They can actively shed the viruses, although they develop no clinical signs (will be discussed in details later in the review). Bats were directly or indirectly involved in the three previous coronavirus epidemics. The indirect transmission takes place via intermediate hosts including civet cats for SARS and dromedary camels in the case of MERS. Although bats are believed to be the source of COVID-19 pandemic, direct pieces of evidence are still lacking. Therefore, coronaviruses' role in epidemics induction and the epidemiological role of bats are discussed. The current work also presents different evidence (phylogenetic data, animal experiments, bats artificial infection studies, and computerized models of SARS-CoV2 evolution) that underline the involvement of bats in the epidemiology of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Koch T, Mellinghoff SC, Shamsrizi P, Addo MM, Dahlke C. Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:238. [PMID: 33801831 PMCID: PMC8035658 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We are in the midst of a pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than two million deaths after one year of the pandemic. The world is experiencing a deep economic recession. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have been developed at an unprecedented speed, with more than 200 vaccine candidates currently under investigation. Among those, 20 candidates have entered the clinical Phase 3 to evaluate efficacy, and three have been approved by the European Medicines Agency. The aim of immunization is to act against infection, disease and/or transmission. However, the measurement of vaccine efficacy is challenging, as efficacy trials need to include large cohorts with verum and placebo cohorts. In the future, this will be even more challenging as further vaccine candidates will receive approval, an increasing number of humans will receive vaccinations and incidence might decrease. To evaluate novel and second-generation vaccine candidates, randomized placebo-controlled trials might not be appropriate anymore. Correlates of protection (CoP) could be an important tool to evaluate novel vaccine candidates, but vaccine-induced CoP have not been clearly defined for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we report on immunogenicity against natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine-induced immune responses and discuss immunological markers that can be linked to protection. By discussing the immunogenicity and efficacy of forerunner vaccines, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of possible efficacy measures and CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Koch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.M.); (P.S.); (M.M.A.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle C. Mellinghoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.M.); (P.S.); (M.M.A.)
- Excellence Centre for Medical Mycology (ECMM), 1st Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Parichehr Shamsrizi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.M.); (P.S.); (M.M.A.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.M.); (P.S.); (M.M.A.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.M.); (P.S.); (M.M.A.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Zarandi PK, Zinatizadeh MR, Zinatizadeh M, Yousefi MH, Rezaei N. SARS-CoV-2: From the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111352. [PMID: 33550050 PMCID: PMC7969672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The world is witnessing the spread of one of the members of Coronaviruses (CoVs) family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the 21st century. Considering the short time spent after its prevalence, limited information is known about the effect of the virus mechanism on different organs of the body; meanwhile the lack of specific treatment and vaccine for this virus has exposed millions of people to a big challenge. Areas covered The review article aims to describe the general and particular characteristics of CoVs, their classification, genome structure, host cell infection, cytokine storm, anti-viral treatments, and inhibition of COVID-19-related ER-mitochondrial stress. In addition, it refers to drugs such as Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, darunavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, which have undergone clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This analysis was derived from an extensive scientific literature search including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar performed. Expert opinion The effectiveness rate and complications of these drugs can reveal new insights into the potential therapeutic goals for the disease. Moreover, lifestyle change can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Zinatizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Fisher E, Padula L, Podack K, O’Neill K, Seavey MM, Jayaraman P, Jasuja R, Strbo N. Induction of SARS-CoV-2 Protein S-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Lungs of gp96-Ig-S Vaccinated Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602254. [PMID: 33584668 PMCID: PMC7873992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the aggressive spread of COVID-19-related deaths, there is an urgent public health need to support the development of vaccine candidates to rapidly improve the available control measures against SARS-CoV-2. To meet this need, we are leveraging our existing vaccine platform to target SARS-CoV-2. Here, we generated cellular heat shock chaperone protein, glycoprotein 96 (gp96), to deliver SARS-CoV-2 protein S (spike) to the immune system and to induce cell-mediated immune responses. We showed that our vaccine platform effectively stimulates a robust cellular immune response against protein S. Moreover, we confirmed that gp96-Ig, secreted from allogeneic cells expressing full-length protein S, generates powerful, protein S polyepitope-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both lung interstitium and airways. These findings were further strengthened by the observation that protein-S -specific CD8+ T cells were induced in human leukocyte antigen HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice thus providing encouraging translational data that the vaccine is likely to work in humans, in the context of SARS-CoV-2 antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laura Padula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kristin Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Rahul Jasuja
- Heat Biologics, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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17
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a major threat to global health. Although varied SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses have been isolated from bats and SARS-CoV-2 may infect bat, the structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 to utilize the human receptor counterpart bat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (bACE2) for virus infection remains less understood. Here, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) could bind to bACE2 from Rhinolophus macrotis (bACE2-Rm) with substantially lower affinity compared with that to the human ACE2 (hACE2), and its infectivity to host cells expressing bACE2-Rm was confirmed with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus and SARS-CoV-2 wild virus. The structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD with the bACE2-Rm complex was determined, revealing a binding mode similar to that of hACE2. The analysis of binding details between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and bACE2-Rm revealed that the interacting network involving Y41 and E42 of bACE2-Rm showed substantial differences with that to hACE2. Bats have extensive species diversity and the residues for RBD binding in bACE2 receptor varied substantially among different bat species. Notably, the Y41H mutant, which exists in many bats, attenuates the binding capacity of bACE2-Rm, indicating the central roles of Y41 in the interaction network. These findings would benefit our understanding of the potential infection of SARS-CoV-2 in varied species of bats.
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18
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Liu K, Tan S, Jin W, Guan J, Wang Q, Sun H, Qi J, Yan J, Chai Y, Wang Z, Deng C, Gao GF. N-glycosylation of PD-1 promotes binding of camrelizumab. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51444. [PMID: 33063473 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 is a highly glycosylated inhibitory receptor expressed mainly on T cells. Targeting of PD-1 with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block the interaction with its ligand PD-L1 has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors. However, polymorphisms at N-glycosylation sites of PD-1 exist in the human population that might affect antibody binding, and dysregulated glycosylation has been observed in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate varied N-glycan composition in PD-1, and show that the binding affinity of camrelizumab, a recently approved PD-1-specific MAb, to non-glycosylated PD-1 proteins from E. coli is substantially decreased compared with glycosylated PD-1. The structure of the camrelizumab/PD-1 complex reveals that camrelizumab mainly utilizes its heavy chain to bind to PD-1, while the light chain sterically inhibits the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1. Glycosylation of asparagine 58 (N58) promotes the interaction with camrelizumab, while the efficiency of camrelizumab to inhibit the binding of PD-L1 is substantially reduced for glycosylation-deficient PD-1. These results increase our understanding of how glycosylation affects the activity of PD-1-specific MAbs during immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefang Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- College of Life Science, Research Center for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- College of Life Science, Research Center for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - George F Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Strict Assembly Restriction of Peptides from Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Presented by Rabbit Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule RLA-A1. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00396-20. [PMID: 32522857 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00396-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits are pivotal domestic animals for both the economy and as an animal model for human diseases. A large number of rabbits have been infected by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in natural and artificial pandemics in the past. Differences in presentation of antigenic peptides by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T-cell receptors (TCR) on T lymphocytes are associated with viral clearance in mammals. Here, we screened and identified a series of peptides derived from RHDV binding to the rabbit MHC class I molecule, RLA-A1. The small, hydrophobic B and F pockets of RLA-A1 capture a peptide motif analogous to that recognized by human class I molecule HLA-A*0201, with more restricted aliphatic anchors at P2 and PΩ positions. Moreover, the rabbit molecule is characterized by an uncommon residue combination of Gly53, Val55, and Glu56, making the 310 helix and the loop between the 310 and α1 helices closer to the α2 helix. A wider A pocket in RLA-A1 can induce a special conformation of the P1 anchor and may play a pivotal role in peptide assembly and TCR recognition. Our study broadens the knowledge of T-cell immunity in domestic animals and also provides useful insights for vaccine development to prevent infectious diseases in rabbits.IMPORTANCE We screened rabbit MHC class I RLA-A1-restricted peptides from the capsid protein VP60 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and determined the structures of RLA-A1 complexed with three peptides, VP60-1, VP60-2, and VP60-10. From the structures, we found that the peptide binding motifs of RLA-A1 are extremely constraining. Thus, there is a generally restricted peptide selection for RLA-A1 compared to that for human HLA-A*0201. In addition, uncommon residues Gly53, Val55, and Glu56 of RLA-A1 are located between the 310 helix and α1 helix, which makes the steric position of the 310 helix in RLA-A1 much closer to the α2 helix than that found in other mammalian MHC class I molecules. This special conformation between the 310 helix and α1 helix plays a pivotal role in rabbit MHC class I assembly. Our results provide new insights into MHC class I molecule assembly and peptide presentation of domestic mammals. Furthermore, these data also broaden our knowledge on T-cell immunity in rabbits and may also provide useful information for vaccine development to prevent infectious diseases in rabbits.
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20
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Increased Pathogenicity and Virulence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Clade B In Vitro and In Vivo. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00861-20. [PMID: 32434886 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00861-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory disease in humans. MERS-CoV strains from early epidemic clade A and contemporary epidemic clade B have not been phenotypically characterized to compare their abilities to infect cells and mice. We isolated the clade B MERS-CoV ChinaGD01 strain from a patient infected during the South Korean MERS outbreak in 2015 and compared the phylogenetics and pathogenicity of MERS-CoV EMC/2012 (clade A) and ChinaGD01 (clade B) in vitro and in vivo Genome alignment analysis showed that most clade-specific mutations occurred in the orf1ab gene, including mutations that were predicted to be potential glycosylation sites. Minor differences in viral growth but no significant differences in plaque size or sensitivity to beta interferon (IFN-β) were detected between these two viruses in vitro ChinaGD01 virus infection induced more weight loss and inflammatory cytokine production in human DPP4-transduced mice. Viral titers were higher in the lungs of ChinaGD01-infected mice than with EMC/2012 infection. Decreased virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were detected in the lungs of ChinaGD01-infected mice. In conclusion, MERS-CoV evolution induced changes to reshape its pathogenicity and virulence in vitro and in vivo and to evade adaptive immune response to hinder viral clearance.IMPORTANCE MERS-CoV is an important emerging pathogen and causes severe respiratory infection in humans. MERS-CoV strains from early epidemic clade A and contemporary epidemic clade B have not been phenotypically characterized to compare their abilities to infect cells and mice. In this study, we showed that a clade B virus ChinaGD01 strain caused more severe disease in mice, with delayed viral clearance, increased inflammatory cytokines, and decreased antiviral T cell responses, than the early clade A virus EMC/2012. Given the differences in pathogenicity of different clades of MERS-CoV, periodic assessment of currently circulating MERS-CoV is needed to monitor potential severity of zoonotic disease.
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21
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Conte C, Sogni F, Affanni P, Veronesi L, Argentiero A, Esposito S. Vaccines against Coronaviruses: The State of the Art. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E309. [PMID: 32560340 PMCID: PMC7350246 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging epidemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 represents the most important socio-health threat of the 21st century. The high contagiousness of the virus, the strong impact on the health system of the various countries and the absence to date of treatments able to improve the prognosis of the disease make the introduction of a vaccine indispensable, even though there are currently no approved human coronavirus vaccines. The aim of the study is to carry out a review of the medical literature concerning vaccine candidates for the main coronaviruses responsible for human epidemics, including recent advances in the development of a vaccine against COVID-19. This extensive review carried out on the vaccine candidates of the main epidemic coronaviruses of the past has shown that the studies in animal models suggest a high efficacy of potential vaccines in providing protection against viral challenges. Similar human studies have not yet been carried out, as the main trials are aimed at assessing mainly vaccine safety and immunogenicity. Whereas the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) epidemic ended almost two decades ago and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) epidemic is now better controlled, as it is less contagious due to the high lethality of the virus, the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a problem that is certainly more compelling, which pushes us to accelerate the studies not only for the production of vaccines but also for innovative pharmacological treatments. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might come too late to affect the first wave of this pandemic, but they might be useful if additional subsequent waves occur or in a post-pandemic perspective in which the virus continues to circulate as a seasonal virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Conte
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesco Sogni
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Paola Affanni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (P.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Licia Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (P.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.); (A.A.)
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22
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Hossein-Khannazer N, Shokoohian B, Shpichka A, Aghdaei HA, Timashev P, Vosough M. Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:789-803. [PMID: 32494931 PMCID: PMC7268974 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is no licensed treatment or approved vaccine to combat the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the number of new cases and mortality multiplies every day. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective treatment strategy to control the virus spread and prevent the disease. Here, we summarized the therapeutic approaches that are used to treat this infection. Although it seems that antiviral drugs are effective in improving clinical manifestation, there is no definite treatment protocol. Lymphocytopenia, excessive inflammation, and cytokine storm followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome are still unsolved issues causing the severity of this disease. Therefore, immune response modulation and inflammation management can be considered as an essential step. There is no doubt that more studies are required to clarify immunopathogenesis and immune response; however, new therapeutic approaches including mesenchymal stromal cell and immune cell therapy showed inspiring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Shokoohian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. .,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Polymers and Composites, NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute of Photon Technologies, Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Padron-Regalado E. Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:255-274. [PMID: 32328406 PMCID: PMC7177048 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. SARS-CoV-2 now adds to the list of coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. As of April 2020, no vaccine is commercially available for these coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from the vaccine development efforts for MERS and SARS can be of high value for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Here, we review the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19. In addition, information from naturally exposed individuals and animal models to coronavirus strains is described for the same purpose of helping into the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19.
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24
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Lu D, Liu K, Zhang D, Yue C, Lu Q, Cheng H, Wang L, Chai Y, Qi J, Wang LF, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Peptide presentation by bat MHC class I provides new insight into the antiviral immunity of bats. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000436. [PMID: 31498797 PMCID: PMC6752855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats harbor many zoonotic viruses, including highly pathogenic viruses of humans and other mammals, but they are typically asymptomatic in bats. To further understand the antiviral immunity of bats, we screened and identified a series of bat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I Ptal-N*01:01-binding peptides derived from four different bat-borne viruses, i.e., Hendra virus (HeV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and H17N10 influenza-like virus. The structures of Ptal-N*01:01 display unusual peptide presentation features in that the bat-specific 3-amino acid (aa) insertion enables the tight "surface anchoring" of the P1-Asp in pocket A of bat MHC I. As the classical primary anchoring positions, the B and F pockets of Ptal-N*01:01 also show unconventional conformations, which contribute to unusual peptide motifs and distinct peptide presentation. Notably, the features of bat MHC I may be shared by MHC I from various marsupials. Our study sheds light on bat adaptive immunity and may benefit future vaccine development against bat-borne viruses of high impact on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Di Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Can Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - George F. Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J. Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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25
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Komine-Aizawa S, Jiang J, Mizuno S, Hayakawa S, Matsuo K, Boyd LF, Margulies DH, Honda M. MHC-restricted Ag85B-specific CD8 + T cells are enhanced by recombinant BCG prime and DNA boost immunization in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1399-1414. [PMID: 31135967 PMCID: PMC6722017 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts to develop effective treatments and vaccines, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), particularly pulmonary Mtb, continues to provide major health challenges worldwide. To improve immunization against the persistent health challenge of Mtb infection, we have studied the CD8+ T cell response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and recombinant BCG (rBCG) in mice. Here, we generated CD8+ T cells with an rBCG-based vaccine encoding the Ag85B protein of M. kansasii, termed rBCG-Mkan85B, followed by boosting with plasmid DNA expressing the Ag85B gene (DNA-Mkan85B). We identified two MHC-I (H2-Kd )-restricted epitopes that induce cross-reactive responses to Mtb and other related mycobacteria in both BALB/c (H2d ) and CB6F1 (H2b/d ) mice. The H2-Kd -restricted peptide epitopes elicited polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses that were also highly cross-reactive with those of other proteins of the Ag85 complex. Tetramer staining indicated that the two H2-Kd -restricted epitopes elicit distinct CD8+ T cell populations, a result explained by the X-ray structure of the two peptide/H2-Kd complexes. These results suggest that rBCG-Mkan85B vector-based immunization and DNA-Mkan85B boost may enhance CD8+ T cell response to Mtb, and might help to overcome the limited effectiveness of the current BCG in eliciting tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Japan BCG Laboratory
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Japan BCG Laboratory
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Lisa F. Boyd
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - David H. Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - Mitsuo Honda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
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26
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Zhu S, Liu K, Chai Y, Wu Y, Lu D, Xiao W, Cheng H, Zhao Y, Ding C, Lyu J, Lou Y, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Divergent Peptide Presentations of HLA-A *30 Alleles Revealed by Structures With Pathogen Peptides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1709. [PMID: 31396224 PMCID: PMC6664060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have a high degree of polymorphism, which determines their peptide-binding motifs and subsequent T-cell receptor recognition. The simplest way to understand the cross-presentation of peptides by different alleles is to classify these alleles into supertypes. A1 and A3 HLA supertypes are widely distributed in humans. However, direct structural and functional evidence for peptide presentation features of key alleles (e.g., HLA-A*30:01 and -A*30:03) are lacking. Herein, the molecular basis of peptide presentation of HLA-A*30:01 and -A*30:03 was demonstrated by crystal structure determination and thermostability measurements of complexes with T-cell epitopes from influenza virus (NP44), human immunodeficiency virus (RT313), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). When binding to the HIV peptide, RT313, the PΩ-Lys anchoring modes of HLA-A*30:01, and -A*30:03 were similar to those of HLA-A*11:01 in the A3 supertype. However, HLA-A*30:03, but not -A*30:01, also showed binding with the HLA*01:01-favored peptide, NP44, but with a specific structural conformation. Thus, different from our previous understanding, HLA-A*30:01 and -A*30:03 have specific peptide-binding characteristics that may lead to their distinct supertype-featured binding peptide motifs. Moreover, we also found that residue 77 in the F pocket was one of the key residues for the divergent peptide presentation characteristics of HLA-A*30:01 and -A*30:03. Interchanging residue 77 between HLA-A*30:01 and HLA-A*30:03 switched their presented peptide profiles. Our results provide important recommendations for screening virus and tumor-specific peptides among the population with prevalent HLA supertypes for vaccine development and immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Xiao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - George F Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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27
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Kim MH, Kim HJ, Chang J. Superior immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine expressing full-length Spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220196. [PMID: 31329652 PMCID: PMC6645677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes an acute and severe lower respiratory illness as well as vomiting, diarrhea, and renal failure. Because no licensed MERS-CoV vaccines are currently available, preventive and therapeutic measures are urgently needed. The surface spike (S) glycoprotein of MERS-CoV, which binds to the cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), is considered as a major target for MERS-CoV vaccine development. Here, we designed recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus-based vaccines expressing the N-terminal domain (rAd/NTD) and receptor-binding domain (rAd/RBD) of the MERS-CoV S1 subunit and full-length Spike protein (rAd/Spike). We found that immunization with candidate vaccines via intranasal route induced S1-specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against MERS spike pseudotyped virus. Especially, rAd/Spike induced the highest neutralizing antibody titer and the strongest cytokine-induced T cell responses among the three candidate vaccines. To compare the immune responses induced by different administration routes, rAd/Spike was administered via intranasal, sublingual, or intramuscular route. All these administration routes exhibited neutralizing effects in the serum. MERS-CoV-specific neutralizing IgA antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were only induced by intranasal and sublingual administration but not by intramuscular administration. Intranasal administration with rAd/Spike also created resident memory CD8 T cells in the airway and lung parenchyma. Taken together, our results showed that both the humoral and cellular immune responses are highly induced by rAd/Spike administration, suggesting that rAd/Spike may confer protection against MERS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lin LC, Huang C, Yao B, Lin J, Agrawal A, Algaissi A, Peng B, Liu Y, Huang P, Juang R, Chang Y, Tseng C, Chen H, Hu CJ. Viromimetic STING Agonist-Loaded Hollow Polymeric Nanoparticles for Safe and Effective Vaccination against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1807616. [PMID: 32313544 PMCID: PMC7161765 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The continued threat of emerging, highly lethal infectious pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) calls for the development of novel vaccine technology that offers safe and effective prophylactic measures. Here, a novel nanoparticle vaccine is developed to deliver subunit viral antigens and STING agonists in a virus-like fashion. STING agonists are first encapsulated into capsid-like hollow polymeric nanoparticles, which show multiple favorable attributes, including a pH-responsive release profile, prominent local immune activation, and reduced systemic reactogenicity. Upon subsequent antigen conjugation, the nanoparticles carry morphological semblance to native virions and facilitate codelivery of antigens and STING agonists to draining lymph nodes and immune cells for immune potentiation. Nanoparticle vaccine effectiveness is supported by the elicitation of potent neutralization antibody and antigen-specific T cell responses in mice immunized with a MERS-CoV nanoparticle vaccine candidate. Using a MERS-CoV-permissive transgenic mouse model, it is shown that mice immunized with this nanoparticle-based MERS-CoV vaccine are protected against a lethal challenge of MERS-CoV without triggering undesirable eosinophilic immunopathology. Together, the biocompatible hollow nanoparticle described herein provides an excellent strategy for delivering both subunit vaccine candidates and novel adjuvants, enabling accelerated development of effective and safe vaccines against emerging viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen‐Yu Huang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Bing‐Yu Yao
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Jung‐Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Anurodh Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA
- Department of Medical Laboratories TechnologyJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia
| | - Bi‐Hung Peng
- Department of Neurosciences, Cell Biology & AnatomyThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA
| | - Yu‐Han Liu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Ping‐Han Huang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Huay Juang
- Department of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Chih Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging DiseaseThe University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA
| | - Hui‐Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Che‐Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
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29
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From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010059. [PMID: 30646565 PMCID: PMC6357155 DOI: 10.3390/v11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 686] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.
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30
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Veit S, Jany S, Fux R, Sutter G, Volz A. CD8+ T Cells Responding to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Delivered by Vaccinia Virus MVA in Mice. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120718. [PMID: 30558354 PMCID: PMC6316859 DOI: 10.3390/v10120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel infectious agent causing severe respiratory disease and death in humans, was first described in 2012. Antibodies directed against the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein are thought to play a major role in controlling MERS-CoV infection and in mediating vaccine-induced protective immunity. In contrast, relatively little is known about the role of T cell responses and the antigenic targets of MERS-CoV that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. In this study, the highly conserved MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein served as a target immunogen to elicit MERS-CoV-specific cellular immune responses. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safety-tested strain of vaccinia virus for preclinical and clinical vaccine research, was used for generating MVA-MERS-N expressing recombinant N protein. Overlapping peptides spanning the whole MERS-CoV N polypeptide were used to identify major histocompatibility complex class I/II-restricted T cell responses in BALB/c mice immunized with MVA-MERS-N. We have identified a H2-d restricted decamer peptide epitope in the MERS-N protein with CD8+ T cell antigenicity. The identification of this epitope, and the availability of the MVA-MERS-N candidate vaccine, will help to evaluate MERS-N-specific immune responses and the potential immune correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in the appropriate murine models of MERS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Veit
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Jany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert Fux
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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31
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Xiao J, Xiang W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zhao M, Niu L, Chai Y, Qi J, Wang F, Qi P, Pan C, Han L, Wang M, Kaufman J, Gao GF, Liu WJ. An Invariant Arginine in Common with MHC Class II Allows Extension at the C-Terminal End of Peptides Bound to Chicken MHC Class I. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3084-3095. [PMID: 30341185 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MHC molecules are found in all jawed vertebrates and are known to present peptides to T lymphocytes. In mammals, peptides can hang out either end of the peptide-binding groove of classical class II molecules, whereas the N and C termini of peptides are typically tightly bound to specific pockets in classical class I molecules. The chicken MHC, like many nonmammalian vertebrates, has a single dominantly expressed classical class I molecule encoded by the BF2 locus. We determined the structures of BF2*1201 bound to two peptides and found that the C terminus of one peptide hangs outside of the groove with a conformation much like the peptides bound to class II molecules. We found that BF2*1201 binds many peptides that hang out of the groove at the C terminus, and the sequences and structures of this MHC class I allele were determined to investigate the basis for this phenomenon. The classical class I molecules of mammals have a nearly invariant Tyr (Tyr84 in humans) that coordinates the peptide C terminus, but all classical class I molecules outside of mammals have an Arg in that position in common with mammalian class II molecules. We find that this invariant Arg residue switches conformation to allow peptides to hang out of the groove of BF2*1201, suggesting that this phenomenon is common in chickens and other nonmammalian vertebrates, perhaps allowing the single dominantly expressed class I molecule to bind a larger repertoire of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wangzhen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weiyu Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Chungang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Lingxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100095, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom; .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom; and
| | - George F Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; .,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,China Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - William J Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; .,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Heterosubtypic Protections against Human-Infecting Avian Influenza Viruses Correlate to Biased Cross-T-Cell Responses. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01408-18. [PMID: 30087171 PMCID: PMC6083907 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01408-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Against a backdrop of seasonal influenza virus epidemics, emerging avian influenza viruses (AIVs) occasionally jump from birds to humans, posing a public health risk, especially with the recent sharp increase in H7N9 infections. Evaluations of cross-reactive T-cell immunity to seasonal influenza viruses and human-infecting AIVs have been reported previously. However, the roles of influenza A virus-derived epitopes in the cross-reactive T-cell responses and heterosubtypic protections are not well understood; understanding those roles is important for preventing and controlling new emerging AIVs. Here, among the members of a healthy population presumed to have previously been infected by pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), we found that pH1N1-specific T cells showed cross- but biased reactivity to human-infecting AIVs, i.e., H5N1, H6N1, H7N9, and H9N2, which correlates with distinct protections. Through a T-cell epitope-based phylogenetic analysis, the cellular immunogenic clustering expanded the relevant conclusions to a broader range of virus strains. We defined the potential key conserved epitopes required for cross-protection and revealed the molecular basis for the immunogenic variations. Our study elucidated an overall profile of cross-reactivity to AIVs and provided useful recommendations for broad-spectrum vaccine development. We revealed preexisting but biased T-cell reactivity of pH1N1 influenza virus to human-infecting AIVs, which provided distinct protections. The cross-reactive T-cell recognition had a regular pattern that depended on the T-cell epitope matrix revealed via bioinformatics analysis. Our study elucidated an overall profile of cross-reactivity to AIVs and provided useful recommendations for broad-spectrum vaccine development.
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Alfaraj SH, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altuwaijri TA, Memish ZA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia. Front Med 2018; 13:126-130. [PMID: 29623560 PMCID: PMC7088593 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 as an important respiratory disease with high fatality rates of 40%-60%. Despite the increased number of cases over subsequent years, the number of pediatric cases remained low. A review of studies conducted from June 2012 to April 19, 2016 reported 31 pediatric MERS-CoV cases. In this paper, we present the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with pediatric MERS. Five patients had no underlying medical illnesses, and three patients were asymptomatic. Of the seven cases, four (57%) patients sought medical advice within 1-7 days from the onset of symptoms. The three other patients (43%) were asymptomatic and were in contact with patients with confirmed diagnosis of MERS-CoV. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (57%), cough (14%), shortness of breath (14%), vomiting (28%), and diarrhea (28%). Two (28.6%) patients had platelet counts of < 150 × 109/L, and one patient had an underlying end-stage renal disease. The remaining patients presented with normal blood count, liver function, and urea and creatinine levels. The documented MERS-CoV Ct values were 32-38 for four of the seven cases. Two patients (28.6%) had abnormal chest radiographic findings of bilateral infiltration. One patient (14.3%) required ventilator support, and two patients (28.6%) required oxygen supplementation. All the seven patients were discharged without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Alfaraj
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Corona Center, Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatric, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11676, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal A Altuwaijri
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11692, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia. .,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11676, Saudi Arabia. .,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Deng Y, Lan J, Bao L, Huang B, Ye F, Chen Y, Yao Y, Wang W, Qin C, Tan W. Enhanced protection in mice induced by immunization with inactivated whole viruses compare to spike protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:60. [PMID: 29618723 PMCID: PMC5884803 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The persistent public health threat of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the need for an effective and safe MERS-CoV vaccine. In this study, we prepared and vaccinated mice with either a Spike (S) protein or inactivated whole MERS-CoV (IV) with a combined adjuvant (alum+CpG) as a vaccine formulation. Similar levels of the anti-S protein IgG response and neutralizing activity were induced by both the S protein and IV vaccines. In addition, immune responses against three other structural proteins, the envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, were also detected in sera of mice that received IV. No antigen-specific T-cell immunity was detected after vaccination based on the interferon-γ ELISpot assay. Mice were transduced with Ad5-hDPP4 after the final immunization and were then challenged with MERS-CoV (1 × 105 plaque-forming units). Compared with the control group (adjuvant alone), mice immunized with the S protein or IV showed slightly lower pathological damage in the lung, as well as reduced antigen expression and lung virus titers. Mice that received IV formulations also showed increased protective immunity (almost no live virus was isolated from the lung). In conclusion, our data indicate that immunization with our IV formulation induced enhanced protection in mice compared to immunization with the S protein against MERS-CoV, which should be further tested in camels and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei Province, 050017, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), MOH Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fei Ye
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), MOH Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), MOH Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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35
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Zhao M, Zhang H, Liu K, Gao GF, Liu WJ. Human T-cell immunity against the emerging and re-emerging viruses. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1307-1316. [PMID: 29294219 PMCID: PMC7089170 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, we have seen an alarming number of high-profile outbreaks of newly emerging and re-emerging viruses. Recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Zika virus and Ebola virus present great threats to global health. Considering the pivotal role of host T-cell immunity in the alleviation of symptoms and the clearance of viruses in patients, there are three issues to be primarily concerned about T-cell immunity when a new virus emerges: first, does the population possess pre-existing T-cells against the new virus through previous infections of genetically relevant viruses; second, does a proper immune response arise in the patients to provide protection through an immunopathogenic effect; lastly, how long can the virus-specific immune memory persist. Herein, we summarize the current updates on the characteristics of human T-cell immunological responses against recently emerged or re-emerged viruses, and emphasize the necessity for timely investigation on the T-cell features of these viral diseases, which may provide beneficial recommendations for clinical diagnosis and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hangjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - William J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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36
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Liu WJ, Zhao M, Liu K, Xu K, Wong G, Tan W, Gao GF. T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:82-92. [PMID: 27840203 PMCID: PMC7113894 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over 12 years have elapsed since severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) triggered the first global alert for coronavirus infections. Virus transmission in humans was quickly halted by public health measures and human infections of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) have not been observed since. However, other coronaviruses still pose a continuous threat to human health, as exemplified by the recent emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in humans. The work on SARS-CoV widens our knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and immunology of coronaviruses and may shed light on MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It has been confirmed that T-cell immunity plays an important role in recovery from SARS-CoV infection. Herein, we summarize T-cell immunological studies of SARS-CoV and discuss the potential cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-specific immunity against MERS-CoV, which may provide useful recommendations for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against coronavirus infections. T-cell epitopes identified throughout the SARS-CoV proteome may act as candidates for vaccine development. Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV-recovered donors have had long-lasting memory T-cell immunity. The structures of HLA/SARS-CoV-epitopes illuminate the molecular bases of cellular immunogenicity. Potential cross-T-cell immune reactivities of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV benefit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 100052, China; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 100052, China; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 100052, China; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 100052, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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