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Zhu X, Hong S, Bu J, Liu Y, Liu C, Li R, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhou X, Hua Z, Zhu B, Hou B. Antiviral memory B cells exhibit enhanced innate immune response facilitated by epigenetic memory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0858. [PMID: 38552009 PMCID: PMC10980274 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The long-lasting humoral immunity induced by viral infections or vaccinations depends on memory B cells with greatly increased affinity to viral antigens, which are evolved from germinal center (GC) responses. However, it is unclear whether antiviral memory B cells represent a distinct subset among the highly heterogeneous memory B cell population. Here, we examined memory B cells induced by a virus-mimicking antigen at both transcriptome and epigenetic levels and found unexpectedly that antiviral memory B cells exhibit an enhanced innate immune response, which appeared to be facilitated by the epigenetic memory that is established through the memory B cell development. In addition, T-bet is associated with the altered chromatin architecture and is required for the formation of the antiviral memory B cells. Thus, antiviral memory B cells are distinct from other GC-derived memory B cells in both physiological functions and epigenetic landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiachen Bu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runhan Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhuqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaolin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Lin YJ, Zimmermann J, Schülke S. Novel adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy: where do we stand? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348305. [PMID: 38464539 PMCID: PMC10920236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity, or so-called type I allergy, is caused by Th2-mediated immune responses directed against otherwise harmless environmental antigens. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment with the potential to re-establish clinical tolerance towards the corresponding allergen(s). However, conventional AIT has certain drawbacks, including long treatment durations, the risk of inducing allergic side effects, and the fact that allergens by themselves have a rather low immunogenicity. To improve AIT, adjuvants can be a powerful tool not only to increase the immunogenicity of co-applied allergens but also to induce the desired immune activation, such as promoting allergen-specific Th1- or regulatory responses. This review summarizes the knowledge on adjuvants currently approved for use in human AIT: aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline tyrosine, and MPLA, as well as novel adjuvants that have been studied in recent years: oil-in-water emulsions, virus-like particles, viral components, carbohydrate-based adjuvants (QS-21, glucans, and mannan) and TLR-ligands (flagellin and CpG-ODN). The investigated adjuvants show distinct properties, such as prolonging allergen release at the injection site, inducing allergen-specific IgG production while also reducing IgE levels, as well as promoting differentiation and activation of different immune cells. In the future, better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of these adjuvants in clinical settings may help us to improve AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lin
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Section Research Allergology (ALG 5), Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. An integrated signaling threshold initiates IgG response towards virus-like immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577643. [PMID: 38469153 PMCID: PMC10926662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures (SVLS) containing minimal, highly purified biochemical components commonly found in enveloped viruses, here we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses in the absence of cognate T cell help or Toll-like receptor signaling but requires CD19, the antigen (Ag) coreceptor on B cells. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harbouring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab known in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that has been long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for nAb response upon viral infection. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion in vivo . Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong antiviral IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for the induction of neutralizing IgG is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens. One-sentence summary Reconstitution of minimal viral signals necessary to initiate antiviral IgG.
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4
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Singh AK, Qureshah FA, Drow T, Hou B, Rawlings DJ. Activated PI3Kδ specifically perturbs mouse Treg homeostasis and function leading to immune dysregulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.569665. [PMID: 38187650 PMCID: PMC10769388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.569665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are required for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing systemic autoimmunity. PI3Kδ is required for normal Treg development and function. However, the impacts of dysregulated PI3Kδ signaling on Treg function remain incompletely understood. Here, we used a conditional mouse model of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) to investigate the role of altered PI3Kδ signaling specifically within the Treg compartment. Aged mice expressing a PIK3CD gain-of-function mutation (aPIK3CD) specifically within the Treg compartment exhibited weight loss and evidence for chronic inflammation as demonstrated by increased memory/effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with enhanced IFN-γ secretion, spontaneous germinal center responses and production of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. Intriguingly, aPIK3CD facilitated Treg precursor development within the thymus and an increase in peripheral Treg numbers. Peripheral Treg, however, exhibited an altered phenotype including increased PD1 expression and reduced competitive fitness. Consistent with these findings, Treg specific-aPIK3CD mice mounted an elevated humoral response following immunization with a T-cell dependent antigen, that correlated with a decrease in follicular Treg. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that an optimal threshold of PI3Kδ activity is critical for Treg homeostasis and function, suggesting that PI3Kδ signaling in Treg might be therapeutically targeted to either augment or inhibit immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Fahd Al Qureshah
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Travis Drow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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5
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Rivera CE, Zhou Y, Chupp DP, Yan H, Fisher AD, Simon R, Zan H, Xu Z, Casali P. Intrinsic B cell TLR-BCR linked coengagement induces class-switched, hypermutated, neutralizing antibody responses in absence of T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8928. [PMID: 37115935 PMCID: PMC10146914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of antibody responses entails somatic hypermutation (SHM), class-switch DNA recombination (CSR), plasma cell differentiation, and generation of memory B cells, and it is thought to require T cell help. We showed that B cell Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-B cell receptor (BCR) (receptor for antigen) coengagement by 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Escherichia coli lipid A polysaccharide O-antigen) or TLR5-BCR coengagement by Salmonella flagellin induces mature antibody responses to NP and flagellin in Tcrβ-/-Tcrδ-/- and NSG/B mice. TLR-BCR coengagement required linkage of TLR and BCR ligands, "linked coengagement." This induced B cell CSR/SHM, germinal center-like differentiation, clonal expansion, intraconal diversification, plasma cell differentiation, and an anamnestic antibody response. In Tcrβ-/-Tcrδ-/- mice, linked coengagement of TLR4-BCR by LPS or TLR5-BCR by flagellin induced protective antibodies against E. coli or Salmonella Typhimurium. Our findings unveiled a critical role of B cell TLRs in inducing neutralizing antibody responses, including those to microbial pathogens, without T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yulai Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P. Chupp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amanda D. Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raphael Simon
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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6
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Cruz-Resendiz A, Acero G, Sampieri A, Gevorkian G, Salvador C, Escobar L, Rosendo-Pineda MJ, Medeiros M, Vaca L. An ambient-temperature stable nanoparticle-based vaccine for nasal application that confers long-lasting immunogenicity to carried antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057499. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhedrins are viral proteins present in a large family of baculoviruses that form occlusion bodies (polyhedra). These structures protect the virus particles from the outside environment until they are ingested by susceptible insects. Occluded viruses can sustain inclement weather for long periods of time. Therefore, the polyhedra is a natural preservative that keeps the viral structure intact at ambient temperature for years. In a previous study we identified the first 110 amino acids from polyhedrin (PH(1-110)) as a good candidate to carry antigens of interest. As a proof of concept, we produced a fusion protein with PH(1-110) and the green fluorescent protein (PH(1-110)GFP). The fusion protein associates spontaneously during its synthesis resulting in the formation of nanoparticles. Nasal immunization with these nanoparticles and in the absence of any adjuvant, results in a robust immune response with the production of IgG immunoglobulins that remained elevated for months and that selectively recognize the GFP but not PH(1-110). These results indicate that PH(1-110) is poorly immunogenic but capable of enhancing the immune response to GFP.
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7
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Liu JH, Zhang JJ, Han WJ, Cui C, Li MZ, Tian ZY, Bai RM, Li LM. B cell memory responses induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles in BALB/c mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110458. [PMID: 35841772 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A challenging but critical question is that new foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines should be to induce B cell memory to provide antibodies for long-term protection. The maintenance of B cell memory is dependent on long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) and memory B cells. We developed a chimeric FMDV virus-like particles (FMDV-VLPs), fusing VP1-VP4 into HBcAg. In our study, we investigated if or how long B cell memory was induced by FMDV-VLPs in mice. The data showed that FMDV-VLPs can induce memory humoral responses with a high level of total IgG1, IgG2a, IgA, and FMDV-specific IgG antibodies in serum. The persistence of antibody levels in serum could depend on LLPCs. The proportion of LLPCs in CD19+ cells in bone marrow exhibited a dynamic trend with two peaks at 28 days post-immunization (dpi) and 72 dpi, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of memory B cells in CD19+ cells in the spleen increased significantly both at 7 days post primary immunization and at 7 days post -boost immunization. Of note, LLPCs together with memory B cells contribute to the production of FMDV-specific IgG and IgG1. The changes of LLPCs and memory B cells may be related to TNF-α, IL-6 and, CXCL12. Taken together, FMDV-VLPs could induce B cells memory responses. A further understanding of the mechanisms that FMDV-VLPs how we can manipulate the induction and maintenance of memory B cells and LLPCs will promote vaccine design and likely address several challenges to develop FMDV new vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Jun-Juan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wei-Jian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ruo-Man Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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Shimizu T, Kawaguchi Y, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Development of an Antigen Delivery System for a B Cell-Targeted Vaccine as an Alternative to Dendritic Cell-Targeted Vaccines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:341-350. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yoshino Kawaguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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9
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Atitey K, Anchang B. Mathematical Modeling of Proliferative Immune Response Initiated by Interactions Between Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells Under Joint Antagonistic IL-2 and IL-4 Signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:777390. [PMID: 35155574 PMCID: PMC8831889 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an adaptive immune response from pathogen invasion, multiple cytokines are produced by various immune cells interacting jointly at the cellular level to mediate several processes. For example, studies have shown that regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) correlates with interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced lymphocyte proliferation. This motivates the need to better understand and model the mechanisms driving the dynamic interplay of proliferation of lymphocytes with the complex interaction effects of cytokines during an immune response. To address this challenge, we adopt a hybrid computational approach comprising of continuous, discrete and stochastic non-linear model formulations to predict a system-level immune response as a function of multiple dependent signals and interacting agents including cytokines and targeted immune cells. We propose a hybrid ordinary differential equation-based (ODE) multicellular model system with a stochastic component of antigen microscopic states denoted as Multiscale Multicellular Quantitative Evaluator (MMQE) implemented using MATLAB. MMQE combines well-defined immune response network-based rules and ODE models to capture the complex dynamic interactions between the proliferation levels of different types of communicating lymphocyte agents mediated by joint regulation of IL-2 and IL-4 to predict the emergent global behavior of the system during an immune response. We model the activation of the immune system in terms of different activation protocols of helper T cells by the interplay of independent biological agents of classic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their joint activation which is confounded by the exposure time to external pathogens. MMQE quantifies the dynamics of lymphocyte proliferation during pathogen invasion as bivariate distributions of IL-2 and IL-4 concentration levels. Specifically, by varying activation agents such as dendritic cells (DC), B cells and their joint mechanism of activation, we quantify how lymphocyte activation and differentiation protocols boost the immune response against pathogen invasion mediated by a joint downregulation of IL-4 and upregulation of IL-2. We further compare our in-silico results to in-vivo and in-vitro experimental studies for validation. In general, MMQE combines intracellular and extracellular effects from multiple interacting systems into simpler dynamic behaviors for better interpretability. It can be used to aid engineering of anti-infection drugs or optimizing drug combination therapies against several diseases.
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10
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Al Qureshah F, Sagadiev S, Thouvenel CD, Liu S, Hua Z, Hou B, Acharya M, James RG, Rawlings DJ. Activated PI3Kδ signals compromise plasma cell survival via limiting autophagy and increasing ER stress. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211035. [PMID: 34586341 PMCID: PMC8485856 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) plays a critical role in humoral immunity, the requirement for PI3Kδ signaling in plasma cells remains poorly understood. Here, we used a conditional mouse model of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), to interrogate the function of PI3Kδ in plasma cell biology. Mice expressing a PIK3CD gain-of-function mutation (aPIK3CD) in B cells generated increased numbers of memory B cells and mounted an enhanced secondary response but exhibited a rapid decay of antibody levels over time. Consistent with these findings, aPIK3CD expression markedly impaired plasma cell generation, and expression of aPIK3CD intrinsically in plasma cells was sufficient to diminish humoral responses. Mechanistically, aPIK3CD disrupted ER proteostasis and autophagy, which led to increased plasma cell death. Notably, this defect was driven primarily by elevated mTORC1 signaling and modulated by treatment with PI3Kδ-specific inhibitors. Our findings establish an essential role for PI3Kδ in plasma cell homeostasis and suggest that modulating PI3Kδ activity may be useful for promoting and/or thwarting specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Al Qureshah
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Shuozhi Liu
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Zhaolin Hua
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard G. James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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11
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Guo C, Peng Y, Lin L, Pan X, Fang M, Zhao Y, Bao K, Li R, Han J, Chen J, Song TZ, Feng XL, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Zhu P, Hang H, Zhang L, Hua Z, Deng H, Hou B. A pathogen-like antigen-based vaccine confers immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100448. [PMID: 34723223 PMCID: PMC8536523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nucleic acid sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in B cells is involved in antiviral responses by promoting B cell activation and germinal center responses. In order to take advantage of this natural pathway for vaccine development, synthetic pathogen-like antigens (PLAs) constructed of multivalent antigens with encapsulated TLR ligands can be used to activate B cell antigen receptors and TLRs in a synergistic manner. Here we report a PLA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate designed by combining a phage-derived virus-like particle carrying bacterial RNA as TLR ligands with the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein as the target antigen. This PLA-based vaccine candidate induces robust neutralizing antibodies in both mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Using a NHP infection model, we demonstrate that the viral clearance is accelerated in vaccinated animals. In addition, the PLA-based vaccine induces a T helper 1 (Th1)-oriented response and a durable memory, supporting its potential for further clinical development. AP205-RBD elicits neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques AP205-RBD induces Th1-oriented immune response and durable memory Vaccination of AP205-RBD accelerates viral clearance in infected macaques
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Mengqi Fang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine and Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Keyan Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Runhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbao Han
- National High-level Bio-safety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Jiaorong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- National High-level Bio-safety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Xiao-Li Feng
- National High-level Bio-safety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals (Suzhou), Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- National High-level Bio-safety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiying Hang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine and Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaolin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Senapati S, Darling RJ, Ross KA, Wannemeuhler MJ, Narasimhan B, Mallapragada SK. Self-assembling synthetic nanoadjuvant scaffolds cross-link B cell receptors and represent new platform technology for therapeutic antibody production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1691. [PMID: 34348905 PMCID: PMC8336949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Host antibody responses are pivotal for providing protection against infectious agents. We have pioneered a new class of self-assembling micelles based on pentablock copolymers that enhance antibody responses while providing a low inflammatory environment compared to traditional adjuvants. This type of "just-right" immune response is critical in the rational design of vaccines for older adults. Here, we report on the mechanism of enhancement of antibody responses by pentablock copolymer micelles, which act as scaffolds for antigen presentation to B cells and cross-link B cell receptors, unlike other micelle-forming synthetic block copolymers. We exploited this unique mechanism and developed these scaffolds as a platform technology to produce antibodies in vitro. We show that this novel approach can be used to generate laboratory-scale quantities of therapeutic antibodies against multiple antigens, including those associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Yersinia pestis, further expanding the value of these nanomaterials to rapidly develop countermeasures against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ross J Darling
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemeuhler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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13
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Van Tilbeurgh M, Lemdani K, Beignon AS, Chapon C, Tchitchek N, Cheraitia L, Marcos Lopez E, Pascal Q, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P, Manet C. Predictive Markers of Immunogenicity and Efficacy for Human Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:579. [PMID: 34205932 PMCID: PMC8226531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the major advances of modern medicine. Despite the many successes of vaccination, continuous efforts to design new vaccines are needed to fight "old" pandemics, such as tuberculosis and malaria, as well as emerging pathogens, such as Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination aims at reaching sterilizing immunity, however assessing vaccine efficacy is still challenging and underscores the need for a better understanding of immune protective responses. Identifying reliable predictive markers of immunogenicity can help to select and develop promising vaccine candidates during early preclinical studies and can lead to improved, personalized, vaccination strategies. A systems biology approach is increasingly being adopted to address these major challenges using multiple high-dimensional technologies combined with in silico models. Although the goal is to develop predictive models of vaccine efficacy in humans, applying this approach to animal models empowers basic and translational vaccine research. In this review, we provide an overview of vaccine immune signatures in preclinical models, as well as in target human populations. We also discuss high-throughput technologies used to probe vaccine-induced responses, along with data analysis and computational methodologies applied to the predictive modeling of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Unité de Recherche i3, Inserm UMR-S 959, Bâtiment CERVI, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Lina Cheraitia
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Ernesto Marcos Lopez
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Caroline Manet
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
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14
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Vu MN, Kelly HG, Tan H, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Davis TP, Truong NP, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Hemagglutinin Functionalized Liposomal Vaccines Enhance Germinal Center and Follicular Helper T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002142. [PMID: 33690985 PMCID: PMC8206650 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable successes of immunization in protecting public health, safe and effective vaccines against a number of life-threatening pathogens such as HIV, ebola, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 remain urgently needed. Subunit vaccines can avoid potential toxicity associated with traditional whole virion-inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines; however, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is often poor. A facile method is here reported to produce lipid nanoparticle subunit vaccines that exhibit high immunogenicity and elicit protection against influenza virus. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens are functionalized on the surface of liposomes via stable metal chelation chemistry, using a scalable advanced microfluidic mixing technology (NanoAssemblr). Immunization of mice with HA-liposomes elicits increased serum antibody titers and superior protection against highly pathogenic virus challenge compared with free HA protein. HA-liposomal vaccines display enhanced antigen deposition into germinal centers within the draining lymph nodes, driving increased HA-specific B cell, and follicular helper T cell responses. This work provides mechanistic insights into highly protective HA-liposome vaccines and informs the rational design and rapid production of next generation nanoparticle subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N. Vu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Department of PharmaceuticsHanoi University of PharmacyHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Hyon‐Xhi Tan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australia Institute of Bioengineering & NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia
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15
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Sáez Moya M, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, Puñet-Ortiz J, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Blanco J, Carrillo J, Engel P. Autoimmune B Cell Repertoire in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666545. [PMID: 33968069 PMCID: PMC8103202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In genetically prone individuals, chronic immune activation may lead to expansion of autoreactive lymphocyte clones that can induce organ damage developing autoimmune disorders. Sjögren’s Syndrome (SjS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands. Despite the accumulated evidences of profound B-cell alterations of humoral immunity, the repertoire and development of B-cell autoreactivity in SjS remains to be determined. We hypothesize that SjS mice will have an increased frequency of self-reactive B cells with a progressive evolution to antigen-driven oligoclonality. Here, we study the B cell repertoire of NOD.H-2h4 mice, a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmunity mimicking SjS without developing diabetes. A library of 168 hybridomas from NOD.H-2h4 mice and 186 C57BL/6J splenocytes at different ages was created. The presence of mono or polyreactive autoantibodies to several antigens was evaluated by ELISA, and their staining patterns and cellular reactivity were tested by IFA and FACS. We observed a higher frequency of autoreactivity among B-cell clones from NOD.H-2h4 mice as compared to wild-type mice. The presence of polyreactive and autoreactive IgG clones increased with mice age. Strikingly, all anti-Ro52 autoantibodies were polyreactive. No loss of polyreactivity was observed upon antibody class switching to IgG. There was a progression to oligoclonality in IgG B cells with mice aging. Our results indicate that in the NOD.H-2h4 mouse model of SjS, IgG+ B cells are mainly polyreactive and might expand following an unknown antigen-driven positive selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain.,AIDS and Related Diseases Chair, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Yao C, Bora SA, Parimon T, Zaman T, Friedman OA, Palatinus JA, Surapaneni NS, Matusov YP, Cerro Chiang G, Kassar AG, Patel N, Green CER, Aziz AW, Suri H, Suda J, Lopez AA, Martins GA, Stripp BR, Gharib SA, Goodridge HS, Chen P. Cell-Type-Specific Immune Dysregulation in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. Cell Rep 2020; 34:108590. [PMID: 33357411 PMCID: PMC7744012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated immunologic dysfunction in severely ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy (n = 3) and COVID-19 patients with moderate disease (n = 5), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, n = 6), or recovering from ARDS (n = 6). Our data reveal transcriptomic profiles indicative of defective antigen presentation and interferon (IFN) responsiveness in monocytes from ARDS patients, which contrasts with higher responsiveness to IFN signaling in lymphocytes. Furthermore, genes involved in cytotoxic activity are suppressed in both natural killer (NK) and CD8 T lymphocytes, and B cell activation is deficient, which is consistent with delayed viral clearance in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Our study demonstrates that COVID-19 patients with ARDS have a state of immune imbalance in which dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses may be contributing to a more severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Yao
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bora
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tanzira Zaman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Oren A Friedman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph A Palatinus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nirmala S Surapaneni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yuri P Matusov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Giuliana Cerro Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Alexander G Kassar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nayan Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chelsi E R Green
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adam W Aziz
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Harshpreet Suri
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jo Suda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andres A Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Peter Chen
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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17
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Yao C, Bora SA, Parimon T, Zaman T, Friedman OA, Palatinus JA, Surapaneni NS, Matusov YP, Chiang GC, Kassar AG, Patel N, Green CER, Aziz AW, Suri H, Suda J, Lopez AA, Martins GA, Stripp BR, Gharib SA, Goodridge HS, Chen P. Cell type-specific immune dysregulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.07.23.20161182. [PMID: 32743611 PMCID: PMC7386732 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.23.20161182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become the most serious pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. In extreme situations, patients develop a dysregulated inflammatory lung injury called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that causes progressive respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Recent studies have demonstrated immunologic dysfunction in severely ill COVID-19 patients. To further delineate the dysregulated immune response driving more severe clinical course from SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to analyze the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients having mild disease (n = 5), developing ARDS (n = 6), and recovering from ARDS (n = 6). Our data demonstrated an overwhelming inflammatory response with select immunodeficiencies within various immune populations in ARDS patients. Specifically, their monocytes had defects in antigen presentation and deficiencies in interferon responsiveness that contrasted the higher interferon signals in lymphocytes. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity was suppressed in both NK and CD8 lymphocytes whereas B cell activation was deficient, which is consistent with the delayed viral clearance in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Finally, we identified altered signaling pathways in the severe group that suggests immunosenescence and immunometabolic changes could be contributing to the dysfunctional immune response. Our study demonstrates that COVID-19 patients with ARDS have an immunologically distinct response when compared to those with a more innocuous disease course and show a state of immune imbalance in which deficiencies in both the innate and adaptive immune response may be contributing to a more severe disease course in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bora
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanzira Zaman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oren A Friedman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Palatinus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nirmala S Surapaneni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuri P Matusov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giuliana Cerro Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander G Kassar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nayan Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsi ER Green
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam W Aziz
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harshpreet Suri
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jo Suda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andres A Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gislaine A Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Turner JS, Benet ZL, Grigorova IL. Signals 1, 2 and B cell fate or: Where, when and for how long? Immunol Rev 2020; 296:9-23. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson S. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MichiganUSA
| | - Zachary L. Benet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MichiganUSA
| | - Irina L. Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MichiganUSA
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19
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Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Ju Y, Jiang W, Wimmer VC, Duckworth BC, Groom JR, Caruso F, Kanekiyo M, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines drive extended germinal center activity and memory B cell maturation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136653. [PMID: 32434990 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based, self-assembling nanoparticles elicit superior immunity compared with soluble protein vaccines, but the immune mechanisms underpinning this effect remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of a prototypic ferritin-based nanoparticle displaying influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in mice and macaques. Vaccination of mice with HA-ferritin nanoparticles elicited higher serum antibody titers and greater protection against experimental influenza challenge compared with soluble HA protein. Germinal centers in the draining lymph nodes were expanded and persistent following HA-ferritin vaccination, with greater deposition of antigen that colocalized with follicular dendritic cells. Our findings suggest that a highly ordered and repetitive antigen array may directly drive germinal centers through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism that does not rely on ferritin-specific T follicular helper cells. In contrast to mice, enhanced immunogenicity of HA-ferritin was not observed in pigtail macaques, where antibody titers and lymph node immunity were comparable to soluble vaccination. An improved understanding of factors that drive nanoparticle vaccine immunogenicity in small and large animal models will facilitate the clinical development of nanoparticle vaccines for broad and durable protection against diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and
| | - Yi Ju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and
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20
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Chodisetti SB, Fike AJ, Domeier PP, Schell SL, Mockus TE, Choi NM, Corradetti C, Hou B, Atkins HM, Caricchio R, Decker T, Lukacher AE, Olsen N, Rahman ZSM. Serine Phosphorylation of the STAT1 Transactivation Domain Promotes Autoreactive B Cell and Systemic Autoimmunity Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2641-2650. [PMID: 32253245 PMCID: PMC9305983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
Although STAT1 tyrosine-701 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pY701) is indispensable for STAT1 function, the requirement for STAT1 serine-727 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pS727) during systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses remains unclear. Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. In contrast, STAT1-pS727 is not required for GC, T follicular helper cell (Tfh), and Ab responses to various foreign Ags, including pathogens. STAT1-pS727 is also not required for gut microbiota and dietary Ag-driven GC and Tfh responses in B6.Sle1b mice. By generating B cell-specific bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that STAT1-pS727 plays an important B cell-intrinsic role in promoting autoimmune AFC, GC, and Tfh responses, leading to SLE-associated autoantibody production. Our analysis of the TLR7-accelerated B6.Sle1b.Yaa SLE disease model expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant reveals STAT1-pS727-mediated regulation of autoimmune AFC and GC responses and lupus nephritis development. Together, we identify previously unrecognized differential regulation of systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses by STAT1-pS727. Our data implicate STAT1-pS727 as a therapeutic target for SLE without overtly affecting STAT1-mediated protection against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Taryn E Mockus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicholas M Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Aron E Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
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21
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Hua Z, Hou B. The role of B cell antigen presentation in the initiation of CD4+ T cell response. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:24-35. [PMID: 32304104 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B cells have been known for their ability to present antigens to T cells for almost 40 years. However, the precise roles of B cell antigen presentation in various immune responses are not completely understood. The term "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was proposed to distinguish APCs that are required for initiating the immune responses from those use antigen presentation to enhance their own effector functions. Unlike dendritic cells, which are defined as professional APCs for their well-established functions in activating naive T cells, B cells have been shown in the past to mostly present antigens to activated CD4+ T cells mainly to seek help from T helper cells. However, recent evidence suggested that B cells can act as professional APCs under infectious conditions or conditions mimicking viral infections. B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) and the innate receptor Toll-like receptors are activated synergistically in response to pathogens or virus-like particles, under which conditions B cells are not only potent but also the predominant APCs to turn naive CD4+ T cells into T follicular helper cells. The discovery of B cells as professional APCs to initiate CD4+ T cell response provides a new insight for both autoimmune diseases and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Lei X, Cai X, Yang Y. Genetic engineering strategies for construction of multivalent chimeric VLPs vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:235-246. [PMID: 32133886 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1738227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Over the past two decades, virus-like particles (VLPs) have been developed as a new generation of vaccines against viral infections. Based on VLPs, chimeric VLPs (chi-VLPs) have been generated through genetic modifications or chemical couplings. For construction of multivalent chi-VLPs vaccines, multiple genetic engineering strategies are continuously being developed. Thus, it is important to provide a summary as reference for researchers in this field.Areas covered: The representative studies on the genetic engineered multivalent chi-VLPs are summarized and mainly focused on chimeric capsid VLPs and chimeric enveloped VLPs. The advantages and limitations of each strategy are also discussed at last, as well as opinions on platform choice and future directions of eVLPs vaccines.Expert opinion: The design of multivalent chi-VLPs vaccines needs to meet the following specifications: 1) the incorporated antigens are suggested to display on the exposed surface of chi-VLPs and do not have excessive adverse effects on the stability of chi-VLPs; 2) the chi-VLPs should elicit protective antibodies against the incorporated antigen as well as the source virus of VLPs. However, there is no requirement of retaining the antigenicity of VLPs when using VLPs solely as carriers for antigens display or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnuo Lei
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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23
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Chen Z, Wholey WY, Hassani Najafabadi A, Moon JJ, Grigorova I, Chackerian B, Cheng W. Self-Antigens Displayed on Liposomal Nanoparticles above a Threshold of Epitope Density Elicit Class-Switched Autoreactive Antibodies Independent of T Cell Help. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:335-347. [PMID: 31836655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epitope density has a profound impact on B cell responses to particulate Ags, the molecular mechanisms of which remain to be explored. To dissect the role of epitope density in this process, we have synthesized a series of liposomal particles, similar to the size of viruses, that display a model self-antigen peptide at defined surface densities. Immunization of C57BL/6J mice using these particles elicited both IgM and class-switched IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 autoreactive Abs that depended on the epitope density. In C57BL/6 gene knockout mice lacking either functional TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells, the liposomal particles also elicited IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 responses that were comparable in magnitudes to wild-type mice, suggesting that this B cell response was independent of cognate T cell help. Notably, the titer of the IgG in wild-type animals could be increased by more than 200-fold upon replacement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antigen peptide at comparable epitope densities. This enhancement was lost almost completely in gene knockout mice lacking either TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells. In conclusion, epitope density above a threshold on particulate Ags can serve as a stand-alone signal to trigger secretion of autoreactive and class-switched IgG in vivo in the absence of cognate T cell help or any adjuvants. The extraordinary immunogenicity of Qβ viral-like particles relies, in large part, on their ability to effectively recruit T cell help after B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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24
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刘 懿, 华 兆, 侯 百. B细胞分化相关转录因子的流式检测. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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刘 懿, 华 兆, 侯 百. B细胞抗体类别的流式检测. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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26
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刘 懿, 华 兆, 侯 百. 特异性B细胞免疫反应的流式检测. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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27
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Hong S, Zhang Z, Liu H, Tian M, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Wang W, Zhou X, Zhang F, Ge Q, Zhu B, Tang H, Hua Z, Hou B. B Cells Are the Dominant Antigen-Presenting Cells that Activate Naive CD4+ T Cells upon Immunization with a Virus-Derived Nanoparticle Antigen. Immunity 2018; 49:695-708.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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T Follicular Helper Cell-Germinal Center B Cell Interaction Strength Regulates Entry into Plasma Cell or Recycling Germinal Center Cell Fate. Immunity 2018; 48:702-715.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Fang PY, Bowman JC, Gómez Ramos L, Hsiao C, Williams LD. RNA: packaged and protected by VLPs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21399-21406. [PMID: 35539947 PMCID: PMC9080931 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
VLP packaging is most efficient for compact RNA, and protects RNA against assault by small diffusible damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Jessica C. Bowman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Lizzette M. Gómez Ramos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Chiaolong Hsiao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Republic of China
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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30
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Tian M, Hua Z, Hong S, Zhang Z, Liu C, Lin L, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang F, DeFranco AL, Hou B. B Cell–Intrinsic MyD88 Signaling Promotes Initial Cell Proliferation and Differentiation To Enhance the Germinal Center Response to a Virus-like Particle. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:937-948. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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