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Zong YH, Cao JF, Zhao Y, Gao M, Chen WL, Wu M, Xu X, Xu ZY, Zhang XQ, Tang JZ, Liu Y, Hu XS, Wang SQ, Zhang X. Mechanism of Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules regulates the inflammatory response caused by M 1 macrophage based on cellular experiments and computer simulations. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107320. [PMID: 39002739 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The polarization of macrophages with the resulting inflammatory response play a crucial part in tissue and organ damage due to inflammatory. Study has proved Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules (LHQW) can reduce activation of inflammatory response and damage of tissue derived from the inflammatory reactions. However, the mechanism of LHQW regulates the macrophage-induced inflammatory response is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of LHQW regulated the inflammatory response of M1 macrophages by cellular experiments and computer simulations. METHODS This study has analysed the targets and mechanisms of macrophage regulating inflammatory response at gene and protein levels through bioinformatics. The monomeric components of LHQW were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). We established the in vitro cell model by M1 macrophages (Induction of THP-1 cells into M1 macrophages). RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in gene and protein levels of key targets after LHQW treatment. Computer simulations were utilized to verify the binding stability of monomeric components and protein targets. RESULTS Macrophages had 140,690 gene targets, inflammatory response had 12,192 gene targets, intersection gene targets were 11,772. Key monomeric components (including: Pinocembrin, Fargesone-A, Nodakenin and Bowdichione) of LHQW were screened by HPLC. The results of cellular experiments indicated that LHQW could significantly reduce the mRNA expression of CCR5, CSF2, IFNG and TNF, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response caused by M1 macrophage. The computer simulations further validated the binding stability and conformation of key monomeric components and key protein targets, and IFNG/Nodakenin was able to form the most stable binding conformation for its action. CONCLUSION In this study, the mechanism of LHQW inhibits the polarization of macrophages and the resulting inflammatory response was investigated by computer simulations and cellular experiments. We found that LHQW may not only reduce cell damage and death by acting on TNF and CCR5, but also inhibit the immune recognition process and inflammatory response by regulating CSF2 and IFNG to prevent polarization of macrophages. Therefore, these results suggested that LHQW may act through multiple targets to inhibit the polarization of macrophages and the resulting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Feng Cao
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | - Miao Gao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | - Mei Wu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Yulin Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | | | - Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China.
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2
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Vélez-López O, Carrasquillo-Carrión K, Cantres-Rosario YM, Machín-Martínez E, Álvarez-Ríos ME, Roche-Lima A, Tosado-Rodríguez EL, Meléndez LM. Analysis of Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist BD1047 Effect on Upregulating Proteins in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages Exposed to Cocaine Using Quantitative Proteomics. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1934. [PMID: 39335448 PMCID: PMC11428496 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) that migrate into the brain and secrete virus and neurotoxic molecules, including cathepsin B (CATB), causing cognitive dysfunction. Cocaine potentiates CATB secretion and neurotoxicity in HIV-infected MDM. Pretreatment with BD1047, a sigma-1 receptor antagonist, before cocaine exposure reduces HIV-1, CATB secretion, and neuronal apoptosis. We aimed to elucidate the intracellular pathways modulated by BD1047 in HIV-infected MDM exposed to cocaine. We hypothesized that the Sig1R antagonist BD1047, prior to cocaine, significantly deregulates proteins and pathways involved in HIV-1 replication and CATB secretion that lead to neurotoxicity. MDM culture lysates from HIV-1-infected women treated with BD1047 before cocaine were compared with untreated controls using TMT quantitative proteomics, bioinformatics, Lima statistics, and pathway analyses. Results demonstrate that pretreatment with BD1047 before cocaine dysregulated eighty (80) proteins when compared with the infected cocaine group. We found fifteen (15) proteins related to HIV-1 infection, CATB, and mitochondrial function. Upregulated proteins were related to oxidative phosphorylation (SLC25A-31), mitochondria (ATP5PD), ion transport (VDAC2-3), endoplasmic reticulum transport (PHB, TMED10, CANX), and cytoskeleton remodeling (TUB1A-C, ANXA1). BD1047 treatment protects HIV-1-infected MDM exposed to cocaine by upregulating proteins that reduce mitochondrial damage, ER transport, and exocytosis associated with CATB-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vélez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrión
- Integrated Informatics, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00934, USA; (K.C.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (E.L.T.-R.)
| | - Yadira M. Cantres-Rosario
- Translational Proteomics, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00921, USA;
| | - Eraysy Machín-Martínez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (E.M.-M.); (M.E.Á.-R.)
| | - Manuel E. Álvarez-Ríos
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (E.M.-M.); (M.E.Á.-R.)
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Integrated Informatics, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00934, USA; (K.C.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (E.L.T.-R.)
| | - Eduardo L. Tosado-Rodríguez
- Integrated Informatics, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00934, USA; (K.C.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (E.L.T.-R.)
| | - Loyda M. Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
- Translational Proteomics, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00921, USA;
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3
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Zheng C, Peng Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao Q. Identification and Validation of Ferroptosis-Related Subtypes and a Predictive Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:39-58. [PMID: 36726530 PMCID: PMC9885776 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s397892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with an immunosuppressive Tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and TME of HCC has remained elusive. Methods Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE FRGs) between normal liver tissues and HCC tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). On this basis, we identified the molecular subtypes mediated by DE FRGs and TME cell infiltration. Next, a predictive signature was established to quantity the ferroptosis-related characteristics by performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses determined the independent prognostic factors. Finally, the expression stability of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was verified in cancer and paracancerous normal tissues of HCC. Results We identified three different molecular subtypes and found that the subtype with the better prognosis was associated with high enrichment of immune- and metabolic-related hallmark signaling pathways and high infiltration of immune cells in TME. The signature was considered to be an independent prognostic factor. We also found that the signature can reflect the infiltration characteristics of different immune cells in TME. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells, and type 17 T helper cells were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. The analysis data of immune checkpoints and tumor mutation load indicated that the signature had great potential in predicting Immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. In addition, the overexpression of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was confirmed in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Ferroptosis inducer RSL3 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and was a potential cancer immunotherapy agent. Conclusion These findings enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in HCC and provided new insights into evaluating prognosis and developing more effective Immunotherapy and chemotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Lan Liu; Qiu Zhao, Tel +86-027-67812888, Fax +86 027-67812892, Email ;
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
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Jeffrey MP, MacPherson CW, Tompkins TA, Green-Johnson JM. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R0011 secretome attenuates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium secretome-induced intestinal epithelial cell monolayer damage and pro-inflammatory mediator production in intestinal epithelial cell and antigen-presenting cell co-cultures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980989. [PMID: 36246229 PMCID: PMC9554441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with immune modulatory activities including down-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene transcription and expression. While host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) can interact directly with both pathogenic and commensal bacteria through innate immune pattern recognition receptors, recent evidence indicates indirect communication through secreted molecules is an important inter-domain communication mechanism. This communication route may be especially important in the context of IEC and APC interactions which shape host immune responses within the gut environment. We have previously shown that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R0011 secretome (LrS) dampens pro-inflammatory gene transcription and mediator production from Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium secretome (STS)-challenged HT-29 IECs through the induction of negative regulators of innate immunity. However, many questions remain about interactions mediated through these bacterial-derived soluble components and the resulting host immune outcomes in the context of IEC and APC interactions. In the present study, we examined the ability of the LrS to down-regulate pro-inflammatory gene transcription and cytokine production from STS-challenged T84 human IEC and THP-1 human monocyte co-cultures. Cytokine and chemokine profiling revealed that apically delivered LrS induces apical secretion of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) and down-regulates STS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator secretion into the apical and basolateral chambers of the T84/THP-1 co-culture. Transcriptional profiling confirmed these results, as the LrS attenuated STS challenge-induced CXCL8 and NFκB1 expression in T84 IECs and THP-1 APCs. Interestingly, the LrS also reversed STS-induced damage to monolayer transepithelial resistance (TER) and permeability, results which were confirmed by ZO-1 gene expression and immunofluorescence visualization of ZO-1 expression in T84 IEC monolayers. The addition of a MIF-neutralizing antibody abrogated the ability of the LrS to reverse STS-induced damage to T84 IEC monolayer integrity, suggesting a novel role for MIF in maintaining IEC barrier function and integrity in response to soluble components derived from LAB. The results presented here provide mechanistic evidence for indirect communication mechanisms used by LAB to modulate immune responses to pathogen challenge, using in vitro approaches which allow for IEC and APC cell communication in a context which more closely mimics that which occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and the Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and the Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julia M. Green-Johnson,
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5
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Arora S, Khan S, Zaki A, Tabassum G, Mohsin M, Bhutto HN, Ahmad T, Fatma T, Syed MA. Integration of chemokine signaling with non-coding RNAs in tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity in different cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:720-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Exploring the Biomaterial-Induced Secretome: Physical Bone Substitute Characteristics Influence the Cytokine Expression of Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094442. [PMID: 33923149 PMCID: PMC8123010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their chemical composition various physical properties of synthetic bone substitute materials have been shown to influence their regenerative potential and to influence the expression of cytokines produced by monocytes, the key cell-type responsible for tissue reaction to biomaterials in vivo. In the present study both the regenerative potential and the inflammatory response to five bone substitute materials all based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but which differed in their physical characteristics (i.e., granule size, granule shape and porosity) were analyzed for their effects on monocyte cytokine expression. To determine the effects of the physical characteristics of the different materials, the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts growing on the materials was analyzed. To determine the immunogenic effects of the different materials on human peripheral blood monocytes, cells cultured on the materials were evaluated for the expression of 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, RANTES, IL-12p40, I-CAM, IL-4, V-CAM, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, Il-8 and MCP-1 using a Bio-Plex® Multiplex System. The granular shape of bone substitutes showed a significant influence on the osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, smaller pore sizes, round granular shape and larger granule size increased the expression of GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-10 and IL-12 by monocytes, while polygonal shape and the larger pore sizes increased the expression of V-CAM. The physical characteristics of a bone biomaterial can influence the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and has an influence on the cytokine gene expression of monocytes in vitro. These results indicate that the physical structure of a biomaterial has a significant effect of how cells interact with the material. Thus, specific characteristics of a material may strongly affect the regenerative potential in vivo.
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7
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Casale GP, Thompson JR, Carpenter LC, Kim J, Lackner TJ, Mietus CJ, Ha DM, Myers SA, Brunette KE, Li S, Shields C, Willcockson G, Pipinos II. Cytokine signature of inflammation mediated by autoreactive Th-cells, in calf muscle of claudicating patients with Fontaine stage II peripheral artery disease. Transl Res 2021; 228:94-108. [PMID: 32835907 PMCID: PMC7779738 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a severe atherosclerotic condition primarily of the elderly, afflicts 200 million individuals, worldwide, and is associated with lower extremity myopathy. Circulating markers of inflammation have been linked to risk and severity of PAD but the contribution of local inflammation to myopathy remains unknown. We evaluated, by ELISA, calf muscle of PAD patients (N = 23) and control subjects (N = 18) for local expression of inflammatory cytokines including Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Interleukin 17A (IL-17A), Interferon ϒ (IFN-ϒ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). One or more of these cytokines were expressed in nineteen patients and 2 controls and coordinated expression of GM-CSF, IL-17A, IFN-ϒ, and TNF-α, a signature of activated, MHC Class II dependent autoreactive Th-cells, was unique to 11 patients. GM-CSF is the central driver of tissue-damaging myeloid macrophages. Patients with this cytokine signature had a shorter (P= 0.017) Claudication Onset Distance (17 m) compared with patients lacking the signature (102 m). Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) were expressed coordinately in all PAD and control muscles, independently of GM-CSF, IL-17A, IFN-ϒ, TNF-α, or IL-6. TGFβ1 and CCL5 and their gene transcripts were increased in PAD muscle, consistent with increased age-associated inflammation in these patients. Serum cytokines were not informative of muscle cytokine expression. We have identified a cytokine profile of autoimmune inflammation in calf muscles of a significant proportion of claudicating PAD patients, in association with decreased limb function, and a second independent profile consistent with increased "inflammaging" in all PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Casale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Jonathan R Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lauren C Carpenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Julian Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy J Lackner
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Constance J Mietus
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Duy M Ha
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sara A Myers
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Shuai Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Christina Shields
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Gregory Willcockson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Iraklis I Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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8
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Liu Z, Xu E, Zhao HT, Cole T, West AB. LRRK2 and Rab10 coordinate macropinocytosis to mediate immunological responses in phagocytes. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104862. [PMID: 32853409 PMCID: PMC7560233 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in LRRK2 associates with the susceptibility to Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease, and mycobacteria infection. High expression of LRRK2 and its substrate Rab10 occurs in phagocytic cells in the immune system. In mouse and human primary macrophages, dendritic cells, and microglia-like cells, we find that Rab10 specifically regulates a specialized form of endocytosis known as macropinocytosis, without affecting phagocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis. LRRK2 phosphorylates cytoplasmic PI(3,4,5)P3-positive GTP-Rab10, before EEA1 and Rab5 recruitment to early macropinosomes occurs. Macropinosome cargo in macrophages includes CCR5, CD11b, and MHCII, and LRRK2-phosphorylation of Rab10 potently blocks EHBP1L1-mediated recycling tubules and cargo turnover. EHBP1L1 overexpression competitively inhibits LRRK2-phosphorylation of Rab10, mimicking the effects of LRRK2 kinase inhibition in promoting cargo recycling. Both Rab10 knockdown and LRRK2 kinase inhibition potently suppress the maturation of macropinosome-derived CCR5-loaded signaling endosomes that are critical for CCL5-induced immunological responses that include Akt activation and chemotaxis. These data support a novel signaling axis in the endolysosomal system whereby LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation stalls vesicle fast recycling to promote PI3K-Akt immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration ResearchDepartment of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - Enquan Xu
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration ResearchDepartment of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | | | - Andrew B West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration ResearchDepartment of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
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Eberlein J, Davenport B, Nguyen TT, Victorino F, Jhun K, van der Heide V, Kuleshov M, Ma'ayan A, Kedl R, Homann D. Chemokine Signatures of Pathogen-Specific T Cells I: Effector T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2169-2187. [PMID: 32948687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The choreography of complex immune responses, including the priming, differentiation, and modulation of specific effector T cell populations generated in the immediate wake of an acute pathogen challenge, is in part controlled by chemokines, a large family of mostly secreted molecules involved in chemotaxis and other patho/physiological processes. T cells are both responsive to various chemokine cues and a relevant source for certain chemokines themselves; yet, the actual range, regulation, and role of effector T cell-derived chemokines remains incompletely understood. In this study, using different in vivo mouse models of viral and bacterial infection as well as protective vaccination, we have defined the entire spectrum of chemokines produced by pathogen-specific CD8+ and CD4+T effector cells and delineated several unique properties pertaining to the temporospatial organization of chemokine expression patterns, synthesis and secretion kinetics, and cooperative regulation. Collectively, our results position the "T cell chemokine response" as a notably prominent, largely invariant, yet distinctive force at the forefront of pathogen-specific effector T cell activities and establish novel practical and conceptual approaches that may serve as a foundation for future investigations into the role of T cell-produced chemokines in infectious and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Eberlein
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Bennett Davenport
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Francisco Victorino
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kevin Jhun
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maxim Kuleshov
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ross Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dirk Homann
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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10
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Rehman A, Baloch NUA, Morrow JP, Pacher P, Haskó G. Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107529. [PMID: 32197794 PMCID: PMC7388546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Third International Consensus Definitions (Sepsis-3) define sepsis as life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can progress to septic shock-an even more lethal condition associated with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and carries a mortality of almost 25%. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of sepsis, therapeutic interventions have not translated into tangible differences in the overall outcome for patients. Clinical trials of antagonists of various pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis have been largely unsuccessful in the past. Given the diverse physiologic roles played by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), modulation of GPCR signaling for the treatment of sepsis has also been explored. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have mainly focused on ligands targeting the extracellular domains of GPCR. However, novel techniques aimed at modulating GPCR intracellularly through aptamers, pepducins and intrabodies have opened a fresh avenue of therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by various subfamilies of GPCR in the pathogenesis of sepsis and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy through these novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
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11
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The Postoperative Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Change Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Curative Resection. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:1451864. [PMID: 32377268 PMCID: PMC7193282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1451864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Postoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (post-LMR) change (LMRc) reflects the dynamic change of balance between inflammatory reaction and immune reaction after curative operation. An elevated preoperative LMR (pre-LMR) has been shown to be a prognostic factor in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the clinical value of the LMRc remains unknown. Methods 674 patients in ESCC undergoing curative operation were enrolled in this study. LMRc (LMRc = pre-LMR-post-LMR) was counted on the basis of data within one week before and after operation. The median of LMRc was chosen to be the optimal cut-off value to evaluate the prognostic value of LMRc. Results Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that LMRc ≤ 1.59 was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.003) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis suggested that LMRc could serve as an independent prognostic predictor for both OS (P = 0.006, HR = 0.687, 95% CI 0.526-0.898) and DFS (P = 0.003, HR = 0.640, 95% CI 0.476-0.859). Conclusions LMRc is a promising prognostic predictor for predicting the worse clinical outcome in patients with ESCC undergoing curative operation.
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12
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Jeffrey MP, Jones Taggart H, Strap JL, Edun G, Green-Johnson JM. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 induces a regulatory cytokine profile in LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:51-58. [PMID: 32914120 PMCID: PMC7473351 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have become attractive functional foods for the delivery of probiotics and their biologically active metabolites. The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activity of milk fermented with the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (LrF) on macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus. To this end, human THP-1 or U937 monocytes were differentiated into resting macrophages then stimulated with LPS and co-incubated with the LrF or with milk controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Culturing of LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages with either the whole or filtered LrF resulted in an increase in Interleukin (IL)-1Ra production relative to the negative control. THP-1 macrophages cultured with the LrF demonstrated an increase in LPS-induced IL-10 and IL-1β production, while production of LPS-induced IL-6, sCD54, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) was unaffected. Further, the LrF induced the expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, markers of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage polarization, in LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 increased regulatory cytokine production from LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages, while simultaneously up-regulating the production of IL-1β and expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, a profile characteristic of polarization into the immunoregulatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lrf) induces a regulatory macrophage phenotype. Modulation of cytokine profiles induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge consistent with an alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype. Fermented milk conditioning induced macrophage expression of genes characteristic of M2 macrophage polarization (DC-SIGN and CD206).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Gibran Edun
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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13
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Models for Monocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32036607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) are immune cells that critically regulate cancer, enabling tumor growth and modulating metastasis. Mos can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Mo-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), all of which shape the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, understanding their roles in the TME is key for improved immunotherapy. Concurrently, various biological and mechanical factors including changes in local cytokines, extracellular matrix production, and metabolic changes in the TME affect the roles of monocytic cells. As such, relevant TME models are critical to achieve meaningful insight on the precise functions, mechanisms, and effects of monocytic cells. Notably, murine models have yielded significant insight into human Mo biology. However, many of these results have yet to be confirmed in humans, reinforcing the need for improved in vitro human TME models for the development of cancer interventions. Thus, this chapter (1) summarizes current insight on the tumor biology of Mos, TAMs, and moDCs, (2) highlights key therapeutic applications relevant to these cells, and (3) discusses various TME models to study their TME-related activity. We conclude with a perspective on the future research trajectory of this topic.
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14
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Gouveia-Fernandes S. Monocytes and Macrophages in Cancer: Unsuspected Roles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:161-185. [PMID: 32130699 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of cancer is undoubtedly affected by stroma. Macrophages belong to this microenvironment and their presence correlates with reduced survival in most cancers. After a tumor-induced "immunoediting", these monocytes/macrophages, originally the first line of defense against tumor cells, undergo a phenotypic switch and become tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive.The influence of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on cancer is present in all traits of carcinogenesis. These cells participate in tumor initiation and growth, migration, vascularization, invasion and metastasis. Although metastasis is extremely clinically relevant, this step is always reliant on the angiogenic ability of tumors. Therefore, the formation of new blood vessels in tumors assumes particular importance as a limiting step for disease progression.Herein, the once unsuspected roles of macrophages in cancer will be discussed and their importance as a promising strategy to treat this group of diseases will be reminded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Brown JL, Johnston W, Delaney C, Rajendran R, Butcher J, Khan S, Bradshaw D, Ramage G, Culshaw S. Biofilm-stimulated epithelium modulates the inflammatory responses in co-cultured immune cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15779. [PMID: 31673005 PMCID: PMC6823452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gingival epithelium is a physical and immunological barrier to the microbiota of the oral cavity, which interact through soluble mediators with the immune cells that patrol the tissue at the gingival epithelium. We sought to develop a three-dimensional gingivae-biofilm interface model using a commercially available gingival epithelium to study the tissue inflammatory response to oral biofilms associated with “health”, “gingivitis” and “periodontitis”. These biofilms were developed by sequential addition of microorganisms to mimic the formation of supra- and sub-gingival plaque in vivo. Secondly, to mimic the interactions between gingival epithelium and immune cells in vivo, we integrated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD14+ monocytes into our three-dimensional model and were able to assess the inflammatory response in the immune cells cultured with and without gingival epithelium. We describe a differential inflammatory response in immune cells cultured with epithelial tissue, and more so following incubation with epithelium stimulated by “gingivitis-associated” biofilm. These results suggest that gingival epithelium-derived soluble mediators may control the inflammatory status of immune cells in vitro, and therefore targeting of the epithelial response may offer novel therapies. This multi-cellular interface model, both of microbial and host origin, offers a robust in vitro platform to investigate host-pathogens at the epithelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.,Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - William Johnston
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Chris Delaney
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - John Butcher
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Shaz Khan
- Oral Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - David Bradshaw
- Oral Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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16
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Xu H, Cheng M, Chi X, Liu X, Zhou J, Lin T, Yang W. High-Throughput Screening Identifies Mixed-Lineage Kinase 3 as a Key Host Regulatory Factor in Zika Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:e00758-19. [PMID: 31270223 PMCID: PMC6714800 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00758-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) life cycle involves multiple steps and requires interactions with host factors. However, the inability to systematically identify host regulatory factors for ZIKV has hampered antiviral development and our understanding of pathogenicity. Here, using a bioactive compound library with 2,659 small molecules, we applied a high-throughput and imaging-based screen to identify host factors that modulate ZIKV infection. The screen yielded hundreds of hits that markedly inhibited or potentiated ZIKV infection in SNB-19 glioblastoma cells. Among the hits, URMC-099, a mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) inhibitor, significantly facilitated ZIKV replication in both SNB-19 cells and the neonatal mouse brain. Using gene silencing and overexpression, we further confirmed that MLK3 was a host restriction factor against ZIKV. Mechanistically, MLK3 negatively regulated ZIKV replication through induction of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) but did not modulate host interferon-related pathways. Importantly, ZIKV activated the MLK3/MKK7/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway in both SNB-19 cells and neonatal mouse brain. Together, these findings reveal a critical role for MLK3 in regulating ZIKV infection and facilitate the development of anti-ZIKV therapeutics by providing a number of screening hits.IMPORTANCE Zika fever, an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV), normally results in mild symptoms. Severe infection can cause Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and birth defects, including microcephaly, in newborns. Although ZIKV was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys, a widespread epidemic of ZIKV infection in South and Central America in 2015 and 2016 raised major concerns. To date, there is no vaccine or specific medicine for ZIKV. The significance of our research is the systematic discovery of small molecule candidates that modulate ZIKV infection, which will allow the development of antiviral therapeutics. In addition, we identified MLK3, a key mediator of host signaling pathways that can be activated during ZIKV infection and limits virus replication by inducing multiple inflammatory cytokines. These findings broaden our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Chi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Morikawa S, Iribar H, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ezaki T, Izeta A. Pericytes in Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:1-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Argyle D, Kitamura T. Targeting Macrophage-Recruiting Chemokines as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent the Progression of Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2629. [PMID: 30483271 PMCID: PMC6243037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are initiated by genetic mutations in non-hematopoietic cells and progress into invasive malignant tumors. This tumor progression often culminates in metastatic disease that is largely refractory to current therapeutic modalities and thus dramatically reduces survival of tumor patients. As solid tumors account for more than 80% of cancer-related deaths, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat the diseases. An attractive strategy is to target macrophages in both primary tumors [known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)] and metastatic tumors [called metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs)]. TAMs and MAMs are abundant in most solid tumors and can promote tumor metastasis. Several studies in various models of solid tumors suggest that the accumulation of TAMs, MAMs, and their progenitor cells is regulated by chemokine ligands released by tumor and stromal cells. Consequently, these macrophage-recruiting chemokines could be potential therapeutic targets to prevent malignant tumor development through disruption of the accumulation of pro-metastatic macrophages. This review will discuss the role of chemokine ligands and their receptors in TAM and MAM accumulation in primary and secondary tumor sites, and finally discuss the therapeutic potential of inhibitors against these macrophage-recruiting chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Jadapalli JK, Halade GV. Unified nexus of macrophages and maresins in cardiac reparative mechanisms. FASEB J 2018; 32:5227-5237. [PMID: 29750575 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune-sensing "big eater" phagocytic cells responsible for an innate, adaptive, and regenerative response. After myocardial infarction, macrophages predominantly clear the deceased cardiomyocyte apoptotic or necrotic neutrophils to develop a regenerative and reparative program with the activation of the lipoxygenase-mediated maresin (MaR) metabolome at the site of ischemic injury. The specialized proresolving molecule and macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation, MaR-1, produced by human macrophages, has potent defining effects that limit polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration, enhance uptake of apoptotic PMNs, regulate inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration, and reduce pain. In addition to proresolving and anti-inflammatory actions, MaR-1 displays potent tissue regenerative effects in stroke and is an antinociceptive. Macrophages actively participate in the biosynthesis of bioactive MaR-2, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, proresolving, and atherosclerotic effects. A new class of macrophage-derived molecules, MaR conjugates in tissue regeneration, is identified that regulates phagocytosis and the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. The presented review provides a current summary of the effect of MaR in resolution pathophysiology, with relevance to a cardiac repair program.-Jadapalli, J. K., Halade, G. V. Unified nexus of macrophages and maresins in cardiac reparative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Kumar Jadapalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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20
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Mantovani A, Schioppa T, Biswas SK, Marchesi F, Allavena P, Sica A. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells as Prototypic Type II Polarized Myeloid Populations. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:459-68. [PMID: 14870765 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental signals polarize mononuclear phagocytes which can express different functional programmes. Fully polarized type I and type II (or alternatively activated) macrophages are the extremes of a continuum of functional states. Tumor-derived and T cell-derived cytokines stimulate tumor associated macrophages (TAM) to acquire a polarized type II phenotype. These functionally polarized cells, and similarly oriented or immature dendritic cells present in tumors, play a key role in subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits which promote tumor growth and progression.
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21
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Cui R, Yue W, Lattime EC, Stein MN, Xu Q, Tan XL. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to combat pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50735-50754. [PMID: 27191744 PMCID: PMC5226617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is replete with cells that evolve with and provide support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. The hijacking of the immune system in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment is suggested to contribute to the failure to date to produce significant improvements in pancreatic cancer survival by various chemotherapeutics. Regulatory T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, and fibroblasts, all of which constitute a complex ecology microenvironment, can suppress CD8+ T cells and NK cells, thus inhibiting effector immune responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are versatile immune cells that can express different functional programs in response to stimuli in tumor microenvironment at different stages of pancreatic cancer development. TAM have been implicated in suppression of anti-tumorigenic immune responses, promotion of cancer cell proliferation, stimulation of tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix breakdown, and subsequent enhancement of tumor invasion and metastasis. Many emerging agents that have demonstrated efficacy in combating other types of tumors via modulation of macrophages in tumor microenvironments are, however, only marginally studied for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment. A better understanding of the paradoxical roles of TAM in pancreatic cancer may pave the way to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Here we give an overview of the recruitment and differentiation of macrophages, TAM and pancreatic cancer progression and prognosis, as well as the potential preventive and therapeutic targets that interact with TAM for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edmund C Lattime
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mark N Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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22
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Ng CF, Frieboes HB. Model of vascular desmoplastic multispecies tumor growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 430:245-282. [PMID: 28529153 PMCID: PMC5614902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional nonlinear tumor growth model composed of heterogeneous cell types in a multicomponent-multispecies system, including viable, dead, healthy host, and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) tissue species. The model includes the capability for abnormal ECM dynamics noted in tumor development, as exemplified by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, including dense desmoplasia typically characterized by a significant increase of interstitial connective tissue. An elastic energy is implemented to provide elasticity to the connective tissue. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are modeled as key contributors to this ECM remodeling. The tumor growth is driven by growth factors released by these stromal cells as well as by oxygen and glucose provided by blood vasculature which along with lymphatics are stimulated to proliferate in and around the tumor based on pro-angiogenic factors released by hypoxic tissue regions. Cellular metabolic processes are simulated, including respiration and glycolysis with lactate fermentation. The bicarbonate buffering system is included for cellular pH regulation. This model system may be of use to simulate the complex interactions between tumor and stromal cells as well as the associated ECM and vascular remodeling that typically characterize malignant cancers notorious for poor therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin F Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
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23
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López-Cotarelo P, Gómez-Moreira C, Criado-García O, Sánchez L, Rodríguez-Fernández JL. Beyond Chemoattraction: Multifunctionality of Chemokine Receptors in Leukocytes. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:927-941. [PMID: 28935522 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The word chemokine is a combination of the words chemotactic and cytokine, in other words cytokines that promote chemotaxis. Hence, the term chemokine receptor refers largely to the ability to regulate chemoattraction. However, these receptors can modulate additional leukocyte functions, as exemplified by the case of CCR7 which, apart from chemotaxis, regulates survival, migratory speed, endocytosis, differentiation and cytoarchitecture. We present evidence highlighting that multifunctionality is a common feature of chemokine receptors. Based on the activities that they regulate, we suggest that chemokine receptors can be classified into inflammatory (which control both inflammatory and homeostatic functions) and homeostatic families. The information accrued also suggests that the non-chemotactic functions controlled by chemokine receptors may contribute to optimizing leukocyte functioning under normal physiological conditions and during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Carolina Gómez-Moreira
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Olga Criado-García
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Lucas Sánchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Goswami KK, Ghosh T, Ghosh S, Sarkar M, Bose A, Baral R. Tumor promoting role of anti-tumor macrophages in tumor microenvironment. Cell Immunol 2017; 316:1-10. [PMID: 28433198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor biology demand detailed analysis of the complex interaction of tumor cells with their adjacent microenvironment (tumor stroma) to understand the various mechanisms involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Mononuclear phagocytes or macrophages, a type of innate immune cells, defend the organism against infection and injury. On the otherhand, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a significant part of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, have been linked to the growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of a variety of cancers, most likely through polarization of TAMs to the M2 (alternative) phenotype. Clinical and experimental evidences have shown that cancer tissues with high infiltration of TAMs are associated with poor patient prognosis and resistance to therapies, thus, targeting of TAMs in tumors is considered as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. Depletion of M2 TAMs or 're-education' of them as anti-tumor effectors might contribute significantly to the search of new modalities in anti-cancer treatments. Basic questions on the factors responsible for homing of macrophages in tumors, mechanism of conversion of M1 to M2 TAMs, their functionality and, finally, the possible ways to target M2 TAMs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Kanti Goswami
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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Nieto JC, Zamora C, Cantó E, Garcia-Planella E, Gordillo J, Ortiz MA, Juárez C, Vidal S. CSF-1 regulates the function of monocytes in Crohn's disease patients in remission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:92. [PMID: 28273887 PMCID: PMC5427917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the flare-ups of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, circulating leukocytes actively migrate toward the inflamed sites. During the remission, the lack of symptoms does not necessarily imply immunological remission. To decipher inflammatory mechanisms still operating during CD remission, we compared the expression of chemokine receptors on monocytes from CD and healthy donors (HD), and how these differences could modulate monocyte maturation and cytokine production. Flow cytometry analysis showed a higher expression of CCR5 on monocytes from CD patients than those from HD after 24 h. This CCR5 upregulation was associated with the spontaneous production of CSF-1 and IL-10. The higher expression of CCR5 on CD monocytes increased their migratory pattern in response to CCL5. Signaling through CCR5/CCL5 increased CD163 and HLA-DR expression and diminished TLR4-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion during monocyte differentiation. When we analyzed clinical parameters, patients treated with azathioprine had the highest CSF-1 levels and CCR5 expression. Our results suggest that monocytes from CD patients in remission produced high levels of CSF-1 that upregulate CCR5 expression. Consequently, monocytes differentiated in these conditions had a characteristic phenotype and lower production of inflammatory cytokines. The treatment with azathioprine could be responsible for this anti-inflammatory profile of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Nieto
- Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Zamora
- Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Gordillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cándido Juárez
- Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kumar V, Patel S, Tcyganov E, Gabrilovich DI. The Nature of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2016. [PMID: 26858199 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.004.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment. The main feature of these cells is their potent immune suppressive activity. MDSC are generated in the bone marrow and, in tumor-bearing hosts, migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs and the tumor to contribute to the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Recent findings have revealed differences in the function and fate of MDSC in the tumor and peripheral lymphoid organs. We review these findings here and, in this context, we discuss the current understanding as to the nature of these differences, the underlying mechanisms, and their potential impact on the regulation of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sima Patel
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Kumar V, Patel S, Tcyganov E, Gabrilovich DI. The Nature of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:208-220. [PMID: 26858199 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1412] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment. The main feature of these cells is their potent immune suppressive activity. MDSC are generated in the bone marrow and, in tumor-bearing hosts, migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs and the tumor to contribute to the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Recent findings have revealed differences in the function and fate of MDSC in the tumor and peripheral lymphoid organs. We review these findings here and, in this context, we discuss the current understanding as to the nature of these differences, the underlying mechanisms, and their potential impact on the regulation of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sima Patel
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
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28
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Song G, Tarrant TK, White TF, Barrow DA, Santos CM, Timoshchenko RG, Hanna SK, Ramanathan RK, Lee CR, Bae-Jump VL, Gehrig PA, Zamboni WC. Roles of chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 in the pharmacokinetics of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in vivo and in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1797-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kitamura T, Pollard JW. Therapeutic potential of chemokine signal inhibition for metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:266-70. [PMID: 26275794 PMCID: PMC4617477 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is incurable by current therapies including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that tumor-infiltrating macrophages promote establishment of the lethal metastatic foci and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Recent studies suggest that the accumulation of these macrophages is regulated by a chemokine network established in the tumor microenvironment. In this perspective paper, we elaborate on the chemokine signals that can attract monocytes/macrophages to the site of metastasis, and discuss whether inhibition of these chemokine signals can represent a new therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10543, USA.
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30
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Wang G, Wei Z, Jia H, Zhao W, Yang G, Zhao H. Knockdown of SOX18 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1121-8. [PMID: 26151573 PMCID: PMC4530902 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Recent studies have demonstrated that SOX18 is highly expressed in various types of cancer. In the present study, we found that SOX18 mRNA was overexpressed in HCC compared with non-tumorous tissues. We aimed to explore the effects of SOX18 siRNA on the proliferation, invasion and migration of two HCC cell lines, MHCC97H and HepG2, which overexpress SOX18. We found that SOX18 siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Results of the Transwell assay showed that the migration and invasion of the HCC cells were markedly impaired in the SOX18-knockdown cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that KEGG focal adhesion and chemokine signaling pathways were correlated with SOX18 expression. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of RhoA, PDGFB, IGF1R, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 were decreased in the SOX18-knockdown cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that upregulation of SOX18 was associated with a poor outcome in HCC patients. These results indicate that SOX18 may serve as a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Gaochao Yang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
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Sudan B, Wacker MA, Wilson ME, Graff JW. A Systematic Approach to Identify Markers of Distinctly Activated Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 6:253. [PMID: 26074920 PMCID: PMC4445387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization has been a useful concept for describing activated macrophage phenotypes and gene expression profiles. However, macrophage activation status within tumors and other settings are often inferred based on only a few markers. Complicating matters for relevance to human biology, many macrophage activation markers have been best characterized in mice and sometimes are not similarly regulated in human macrophages. To identify novel markers of activated human macrophages, gene expression profiles for human macrophages of a single donor subjected to 33 distinct activating conditions were obtained and a set of putative activation markers were subsequently evaluated in macrophages from multiple donors using integrated fluidic circuit (IFC)-based RT-PCR. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the microarray screen, highly altered transcripts (>4-fold change in expression) sorted the macrophage transcription profiles into two major and 13 minor clusters. Among the 1874 highly altered transcripts, over 100 were uniquely altered in one major or two related minor clusters. IFC PCR-derived data confirmed the microarray results and determined the kinetics of expression of potential macrophage activation markers. Transcripts encoding chemokines, cytokines, and cell surface were prominent in our analyses. The activation markers identified by this study could be used to better characterize tumor-associated macrophages from biopsies as well as other macrophage populations collected from human clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Sudan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Mark A Wacker
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City VA Medical Center , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Joel W Graff
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City VA Medical Center , Iowa City, IA , USA
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Zhang LN, Xiao W, OuYang PY, You K, Zeng ZF, Ding PR, Pan ZZ, Xu RH, Gao YH. The prognostic impact of preoperative blood monocyte count in pathological T3N0M0 rectal cancer without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8213-9. [PMID: 25994571 PMCID: PMC4605960 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains controversial whether adjuvant therapy should be delivered to pathological T3N0M0 rectal cancer without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Thus identification of patients at high risk is of particular importance. Herein, we aimed to evaluate whether the absolute peripheral blood monocyte count can stratify the pathological T3N0M0M0 rectal cancer patients in survival. A total of 270 pathological T3N0M0 rectal cancer patients with total mesorectal excision-principle radical resection were included. The optimal cut-off value of preoperative monocyte count was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Overall survival and disease-free survival between low- and high-monocyte were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. The optimal cut-off value for monocyte count was 595 mm3. In univariate analysis, patients with monocyte counts higher than 595/mm3 had significantly inferior 5-year overall survival (79.2 vs 94.2 %, P = 0.006) and disease-free survival (67.8 vs 86.0 %, P < 0.001). With adjustment for the known covariates, monocyte count remained to be associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.55, 95 % CI 1.27–5.10; P = 0.008) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.63, 95 % CI 1.48–4.69; P = 0.001). Additionally, the significant association of monocyte count with disease-free survival was hardly influenced in the subgroup analysis, whereas this correlation was restricted to the males and patients with normal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (<5 μg/L), tumor grade II, and with adjuvant therapy. High preoperative monocyte count is independently predictive of worse survival of pathological T3N0M0 rectal cancer patients without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy might be considered for patients with high-monocyte count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu-Yun OuYang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiyun You
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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Chang CZ, Wu SC, Lin CL, Kwan AL. Valproic acid attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2015; 12:27. [PMID: 25908928 PMCID: PMC4407545 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) and adhesion molecules is observed in the serum of animals following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study was to examine the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on RANTES and alternation of adhesion molecules in this model. METHODS A rodent SAH model was employed. Animals were randomly assigned into six groups. Basilar artery (BA) was harvested for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin evaluation (western blotting) and RANTES (rt-PCR). 1 ng CCL5 recombinant protein intrathecal injection was performed in the VPA + SAH groups. (N = 5). RESULTS Convoluted internal elastic lamina, distorted endothelial wall, and smooth muscle micro-necrosis was prominently observed in the SAH groups, which is absent in the VPA treatment and the healthy controls. Treatment with VPA dose-dependently reduced the ICAM-1, E-selectin and RANTES level, compared with the SAH group (p <0.01). The administration of CCL5 significantly increased CD45(+) glia and ICAM-1 level in the VPA treatment groups. CONCLUSION VPA exerts its anti-vasospastic effect through the dual effect of inhibiting RANTES expression and reduced adhesion molecules. Besides, VPA also decreased CD45(+) cells transmigrated to the vascular wall. The administration of CCL5 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of this compound on CD45(+) monocytes, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 level. This study also lends credence to support this compound could attenuate SAH induced adhesion molecules and neuro-inflammation in a CCL5 dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zen Chang
- />Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- />Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Wu
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- />Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- />Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sozzani S, Del Prete A. Chemokines as relay signals in human dendritic cell migration: serum amyloid A kicks off chemotaxis. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:40-3. [PMID: 25472709 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a response highly conserved in evolution. Chemotactic factors secreted in injured and inflamed tissues generate a concentration-based, chemotactic gradient that directs leukocytes from the blood compartment into tissue. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Gouwy et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 101-112] show that the SAA1α isoform of serum amyloid A (SAA), which is an acute phase protein upregulated in inflammation and shown to chemoattract some leukocyte subsets, is also able to chemoattract monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs). The authors also show that the chemotactic activity of SAA1α for monocytes and DCs is indirectly mediated by rapid chemokine induction, providing evidence that proposes a new level of regulation of leukocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia and Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
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Purpurogallin, a natural phenol, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. Int J Vasc Med 2014; 2014:254270. [PMID: 25485154 PMCID: PMC4251792 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model. A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot). CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (rt-PCR). Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated (P < 0.01). Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression. Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression. This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm.
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Velasco-Velázquez M, Xolalpa W, Pestell RG. The potential to target CCL5/CCR5 in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1265-75. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.949238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Szkandera J, Gerger A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Absenger G, Stotz M, Friesenbichler J, Trajanoski S, Stojakovic T, Eberhard K, Leithner A, Pichler M. The lymphocyte/monocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome and improves the predictive accuracy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:362-370. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szkandera
- Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Medicine; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Medicine; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | | | - Gudrun Absenger
- Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Medicine; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Medicine; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | | | - Slave Trajanoski
- Research Facility for Biostatistics; Center for Medical Research; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Research Facility for Biostatistics; Center for Medical Research; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Clinical Oncology Department of Medicine; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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Tahara T, Shibata T, Okubo M, Ishizuka T, Kawamura T, Yamashita H, Nakamura M, Nakagawa Y, Nagasaka M, Arisawa T, Ohmiya N, Hirata I. Effect of RANTES gene promoter genotypes in patients with ulcerative colitis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:602-606. [PMID: 24944817 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors is closely associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies reported that the expression of the regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) gene is enhanced in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC). Quantitative differences in RANTES gene expression among numerous promoter genotypes have also been reported. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of RANTES promoter polymorphism on the risk of UC, including its clinical phenotypes. A total of 150 UC patients and 372 healthy control (HC) subjects participated in the study. The UC patients were classified by disease behavior, severity and extent of disease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed for polymorphisms at -28 C/G in the RANTES gene promoter region. Although no significant difference of the RANTES promoter genotype distribution was observed between the HC and UC groups, the G/G genotype was significantly higher among female (OR=3.95, 95% CI=1.22-12.82, P=0.03), non-steroid dependent (OR=3.37, 95% CI=1.16-9.85, P=0.03) and non-refractory (OR=3.76, 95% CI=1.29-10.98, P=0.02) UC patients. The G carrier was also found to be associated with an increased risk of rectal colitis (OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.12-4.39, P=0.03). The data indicate that the polymorphism of the RANTES promoter is not directly associated with the susceptibility to UC, but the -28 G allele is associated with female UC patients and mild clinical phenotypes of UC, including non-steroid dependency, non-refractory and rectal colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanzawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanzawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Van Overmeire E, Laoui D, Keirsse J, Van Ginderachter JA, Sarukhan A. Mechanisms driving macrophage diversity and specialization in distinct tumor microenvironments and parallelisms with other tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:127. [PMID: 24723924 PMCID: PMC3972476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are extremely versatile cells that adopt a distinct phenotype in response to a changing microenvironment. Consequently, macrophages are involved in diverse functions, ranging from organogenesis and tissue homeostasis to recognition and destruction of invading pathogens. In cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) often contribute to tumor progression by increasing cancer cell migration and invasiveness, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these different functions could be exerted by specialized TAM subpopulations. Here, we discuss the potential underlying mechanisms regulating TAM specialization and elaborate on TAM heterogeneity in terms of their ontogeny, activation state, and intra-tumoral localization. In addition, parallels are drawn between TAM and macrophages in other tissues. Together, a better understanding of TAM diversity could provide a rationale for novel strategies aimed at targeting the most potent tumor-supporting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Adelaida Sarukhan
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale , Paris , France
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Kimura K, Nagano M, Salazar G, Yamashita T, Tsuboi I, Mishima H, Matsushita S, Sato F, Yamagata K, Ohneda O. The role of CCL5 in the ability of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to support repair of ischemic regions. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:488-501. [PMID: 24171667 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent and possess high proliferative activity, and thus are thought to be a reliable cell source for cell therapies. Here, we isolated MSC from adult tissues--bone marrow (BM-MSC), dental tissue (DT-MSC), and adipose tissue (AT-MSC)--to compare how autotransplantation of these MSC effectively supports the repair of bone fracture and ischemic tissue. An analysis by in vitro differentiation assays showed no significant difference among these MSC. The degree of calcification at the joint region of bone fracture was higher in mice transplanted with AT-MSC than in mice transplanted with BM-MSC or DT-MSC. To compare the abilities of MSC, characterize how those MSC affect the repair of ischemic tissue, vascular occlusion was performed by ligation of the femoral artery and vein. Of note, the blood flow in the ischemic region rapidly increased in mice injected with AT-MSC, as contrasted with mice injected with BM- or DT-MSC. The number of CD45- and F4/80-positive cells at the femoral region was higher in AT-MSC recipients than in recipients of BM-MSC or DT-MSC. We evaluated the mRNA expression of angiogenic and migration factors in MSC and found the expression of CCL5 mRNA was higher in AT-MSC than in BM-MSC or DT-MSC. Transplantation of AT-MSC with impaired expression of CCL5 clearly showed a significant delay in the recovery of blood flow compared with the control. These findings have fundamental implications for the modulation of AT-MSC in the repair of vasculature and bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kimura
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
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Audy J, Mathieu O, Belvis J, Tompkins TA. Transcriptomic response of immune signalling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharides, Gram-negative bacteria or potentially probiotic microbes. Benef Microbes 2013; 3:273-86. [PMID: 23234729 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the appropriate use of potentially probiotic Gram-positive microbes through their introduction in the gut microbiome, it is necessary to understand the influence of individual bacteria on the host-response system at a cellular level. In the present study, we have shown that lipopolysaccharides, flagellated Gram-negative bacteria, potentially probiotic Gram-positive bacteria and yeast interact differently with human intestinal epithelial cells with a custom-designed expression microarray evaluating 17 specific host-response pathways. Only lipopolysaccharides and flagellated Gram-negative bacteria induced inflammatory response, while a subset of Gram-positive microbes had anti-inflammatory potential. The main outcome from the study was the differential regulation of the central mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway by these Gram-positive microbes versus commensal/pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The microarray was efficient to highlight the impact of individual bacteria on the response of intestinal epithelial cells, but quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validation demonstrated some underestimation for down-regulated genes by the microarray. This immune array will allow us to better understand the mechanisms underlying microbe-induced host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Audy
- Lallemand Human Nutrition, Montreal, QC Canada
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Eljaszewicz A, Wiese M, Helmin-Basa A, Jankowski M, Gackowska L, Kubiszewska I, Kaszewski W, Michalkiewicz J, Zegarski W. Collaborating with the enemy: function of macrophages in the development of neoplastic disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:831387. [PMID: 23576856 PMCID: PMC3613099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/831387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the profile of released mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, etc.), neoplastic cells modulate the activity of immune system, directly affecting its components both locally and peripherally. This is reflected by the limited antineoplastic activity of the immune system (immunosuppressive effect), induction of tolerance to neoplastic antigens, and the promotion of processes associated with the proliferation of neoplastic tissue. Most of these responses are macrophages dependent, since these cells show proangiogenic properties, attenuate the adaptive response (anergization of naïve T lymphocytes, induction of Treg cell formation, polarization of immune response towards Th2, etc.), and support invasion and metastases formation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a predominant component of leukocytic infiltrate, "cooperate" with the neoplastic tissue, leading to the intensified proliferation and the immune escape of the latter. This paper characterizes the function of macrophages in the development of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Chair of Immunology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Peritoneal Administration of Met-RANTES Attenuates Inflammatory and Nociceptive Responses in a Murine Neuropathic Pain Model. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen P, Bonaldo P. Role of macrophage polarization in tumor angiogenesis and vessel normalization: implications for new anticancer therapies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 301:1-35. [PMID: 23317816 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407704-1.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary blood vessels from preexisting vasculature, is one of the hallmarks of cancer that is pivotal for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor vessels are known to be abnormal, with typically aberrant, leaky and disordered vessels. Thus, the combination of angiogenesis inhibition and vessel normalization is a potential strategy for anticancer therapy. The solid tumor is composed of not only cancer cells, but also the nonmalignant resident stromal cells, such as bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant cell components of BMDCs, which play a significant role in promoting tumor progression. Accumulating evidences from both patient biopsies and experimental animal models have shown that TAMs function in tumor angiogenesis and vessel abnormalization in a density- and phenotype-dependent manner. This chapter will discuss the evidence for the factors and signaling pathways that are involved in macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor microenvironment, and it summarizes the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization in tumor angiogenesis and vessel normalization. In addition, an overview of the potential of targeting TAM polarization for anticancer therapy will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Huang WC, Sala-Newby GB, Susana A, Johnson JL, Newby AC. Classical macrophage activation up-regulates several matrix metalloproteinases through mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42507. [PMID: 22880008 PMCID: PMC3411745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is an important function of monocytes and macrophages. Recent work has emphasised the diverse roles of classically and alternatively activated macrophages but the consequent regulation of MMPs and their inhibitors has not been studied comprehensively. Classical activation of macrophages derived in vitro from un-fractionated CD16+/− or negatively-selected CD16− macrophages up-regulated MMP-1, -3, -7, -10, -12, -14 and -25 and decreased TIMP-3 steady-state mRNA levels. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 and TNFα were more effective than interferonγ except for the effects on MMP-25, and TIMP-3. By contrast, alternative activation decreased MMP-2, -8 and -19 but increased MMP -11, -12, -25 and TIMP-3 steady-state mRNA levels. Up-regulation of MMPs during classical activation depended on mitogen activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide-3-kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase-2. Effects of interferonγ depended on janus kinase-2. Where investigated, similar effects were seen on protein concentrations and collagenase activity. Moreover, activity of MMP-1 and -10 co-localised with markers of classical activation in human atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. In conclusion, classical macrophage activation selectively up-regulates several MMPs in vitro and in vivo and down-regulates TIMP-3, whereas alternative activation up-regulates a distinct group of MMPs and TIMP-3. The signalling pathways defined here suggest targets for selective modulation of MMP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Huang
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Taiwan School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Angela Susana
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Leyva-Illades D, Cherla RP, Lee MS, Tesh VL. Regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by the ribotoxic stress response elicited by Shiga toxin type 1 in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2109-20. [PMID: 22431646 PMCID: PMC3370584 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06025-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Stxs bind to a membrane glycolipid receptor, enter cells, and undergo retrograde transport to ultimately reach the cytosol, where the toxins exert their protein synthesis-inhibitory activity by depurination of a single adenine residue from the 28S rRNA component of eukaryotic ribosomes. The depurination reaction activates the ribotoxic stress response, leading to signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK], p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK]) in human epithelial, endothelial, and myeloid cells. We previously showed that treatment of human macrophage-like THP-1 cells with Stxs resulted in increased cytokine and chemokine expression. In the present study, we show that individual inactivation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs using pharmacological inhibitors in the presence of Stx1 resulted in differential regulation of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and chemokines IL-8, growth-regulated protein-β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β. THP-1 cells exposed to Stx1 upregulate the expression of select dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), enzymes that dephosphorylate and inactivate MAPKs in mammalian cells. In this study, we confirmed DUSP1 protein production by THP-1 cells treated with Stx1. DUSP1 inhibition by triptolide showed that ERK and p38 phosphorylation is regulated by DUSP1, while JNK phosphorylation is not. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling blocked the ability of Stx1 to induce DUSP1 mRNA expression, suggesting that an autoregulatory signaling loop may be activated by Stxs. Thus, Stxs appear to be capable of eliciting signals which both activate and deactivate signaling for increased cytokine/chemokine production in human macrophage-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Leyva-Illades
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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Eckhardt BL, Francis PA, Parker BS, Anderson RL. Strategies for the discovery and development of therapies for metastatic breast cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:479-97. [PMID: 22653217 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all deaths caused by solid cancers occur as a result of metastasis--the formation of secondary tumours in distant organs such as the lungs, liver, brain and bone. A major obstruction to the development of drugs with anti-metastatic efficacy is our fragmented understanding of how tumours 'evolve' and metastasize, at both the biological and genetic levels. Furthermore, although there is significant overlap in the metastatic process among different types of cancer, there are also marked differences in the propensity to metastasize, the extent of metastasis, the sites to which the tumour metastasizes, the kinetics of the process and the mechanisms involved. Here, we consider the case of breast cancer, which has some marked distinguishing features compared with other types of cancer. Considerable progress has been made in the development of preclinical models and in the identification of relevant signalling pathways and genetic regulators of metastatic breast cancer, and we discuss how these might facilitate the development of novel targeted anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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48
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Velasco-Velázquez M, Jiao X, De La Fuente M, Pestell TG, Ertel A, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. CCR5 antagonist blocks metastasis of basal breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3839-50. [PMID: 22637726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The roles of the chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 in breast cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we conducted microarray analysis on 2,254 human breast cancer specimens and found increased expression of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, but not CCR3, in the basal and HER-2 genetic subtypes. The subpopulation of human breast cancer cell lines found to express CCR5 displayed a functional response to CCL5. In addition, oncogene transformation induced CCR5 expression, and the subpopulation of cells that expressed functional CCR5 also displayed increased invasiveness. The CCR5 antagonists maraviroc or vicriviroc, developed to block CCR5 HIV coreceptor function, reduced in vitro invasion of basal breast cancer cells without affecting cell proliferation or viability, and maraviroc decreased pulmonary metastasis in a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the key role of CCL5/CCR5 in the invasiveness of basal breast cancer cells and suggest that CCR5 antagonists may be used as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the risk of metastasis in patients with the basal breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Velasco-Velázquez
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Role of bone marrow-derived cells in angiogenesis: focus on macrophages and pericytes. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2012; 5:225-36. [PMID: 22528877 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-012-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth relies on the formation of new blood vessels to receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrient. This process is facilitated by both the remodeling of the pre-existing vasculatures and the recruitment of the progenitor/stem cells originated from bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs). Evidences from both animal studies and human trials have reported that these tumor-associated BMDCs differentiate into a series of stromal cells including macrophages and pericytes, and regulate tumor angiogenesis in various aspects. Macrophages constitute a large portion of the BMDCs infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment, and have been shown to disrupt the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic signalings by the secretion of various cytokines. Pericytes, mainly derived from the subpopulation of PDGFRβ(+) BMDCs, can provide both pro-survival signaling and mechanical support to maintain the newly formed endothelium via the direct interactions with endothelial cells. In the current review, we summarize the recruitment mechanisms of BMDC-derived macrophages and pericytes within tumor microenvironment, and also review the contribution of these cells to the different aspects of angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on their therapeutic implications as potential targets for anti-tumor strategies.
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50
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Liou JT, Yuan HB, Mao CC, Lai YS, Day YJ. Absence of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 in mice leads to decreased local macrophage recruitment and behavioral hypersensitivity in a murine neuropathic pain model. Pain 2012; 153:1283-1291. [PMID: 22494919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) modulates migration of inflammatory cells in several pathological conditions. This study tested the hypothesis that lack of CCL5 would modulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells to painful, inflamed sites and could attenuate pain in a murine chronic neuropathic pain model. Nociceptive sensitization, immune cell infiltration, multiple cytokine expression, and opioid peptide expression in damaged nerves were studied in wild-type (CCL5 +/+) and CCL5-deficient (CCL5 -/-) mice after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Results indicated that CCL5 -/- mice had less behavioral hypersensitivity after PSNL. Macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and interferon-γ) in damaged nerves following PSNL were significantly decreased in CCL5 -/- mice. Conversely, several antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) proteins were significantly increased in CCL5 -/- animals and the expression of enkephalin, β-endorphin, and dynorphin mRNA was significantly lower than in wild-type control mice. These results represent the first evidence that CCL5 is capable of regulating the pathway that controls hyperalgesia at the level of the peripheral injured site in a murine chronic neuropathic pain model. We demonstrated that lack of CCL5 modulated cell infiltration and the proinflammatory milieu within the injured nerve. Attenuated behavioral hypersensitivity in CCL5 -/- mice observed in the current study could be a result of decreased macrophage infiltration, mobilization, and functional ability at injured sites. Collectively, the present study results suggest that CCL5 receptor antagonists may ultimately provide a novel class of analgesics for therapeutic intervention in chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Transgenic & Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Graduate Institutes of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
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