1
|
Chu M, Gao H, Esparza P, Pajulas A, Wang J, Kharwadkar R, Gao H, Kaplan MH, Tepper RS. Chronic developmental hypoxia alters rat lung immune cell transcriptomes during allergic airway inflammation. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15600. [PMID: 36750205 PMCID: PMC9904961 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations that are born and raised at high altitude develop under conditions of chronic developmental hypoxia (CDH), which results in pulmonary adaptations of increased lung volume and diffusion capacity to increase gas exchange. It is not clear how CDH may alter allergic inflammation in the lung. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of CDH on immune cell populations in the rat lung during a murine model of asthma. Rats were bred and raised in either hypoxic (15% oxygen, CDH) or normobaric room air (20% oxygen). At 3-weeks of age, animals were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) or physiologic saline (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) as a control, followed by three consecutive days of intra-nasal OVA or PBS at 6-weeks of age. We then assessed airway reactivity and allergic-associated cytokine levels. This was followed by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of lung cell populations. In scRNA-seq analysis, we assessed differentially expressed genes, differentially enriched functional pathways, immune cell exhaustion/activation markers, and immune cell secretory products. Our results show that while OVA heightened airway reactivity, CDH suppressed airway reactivity in OVA-challenged and control animals. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we further demonstrate that CDH alters the transcriptional landscape in the lung and alters transcriptional programs in immune cells. These data define CDH-dependent changes in the lung that impact airway reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Huanling Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Patricia Esparza
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Abigail Pajulas
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rakshin Kharwadkar
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Robert S. Tepper
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Veerapaneni VV, Upadhyay S, Thimraj TA, Siddaiah JB, Krishnarao CS, Lokesh KS, Thimmulappa R, Palmberg L, Ganguly K, Anand MP. Circulating Secretoglobin Family 1A Member 1 (SCGB1A1) Levels as a Marker of Biomass Smoke Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090208. [PMID: 34564359 PMCID: PMC8472904 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1) alternatively known as club cell protein 16 is a protective pneumo-protein. Decreased serum levels of SCGB1A1 have been associated with tobacco smoke induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TS-COPD). Exposure to biomass smoke (BMS) is an important COPD risk factor among women in low and lower-middle income countries. Therefore, in a cross-sectional study (n = 50/group; total 200 subjects) we assessed serum SCGB1A1 levels in BMS-COPD subjects (11 male, 39 female) compared to TS-COPD (all male) along with TS-CONTROL (asymptomatic smokers, all male) and healthy controls (29 male, 21 female) in an Indian population. Normal and chronic bronchitis like bronchial mucosa models developed at the air–liquid interface using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3 donors, and three replicates per donor) were exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC; 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to assess SCGB1A1 transcript expression and protein secretion. Significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased serum SCGB1A1 concentrations (median, interquartile range, ng/mL) were detected in both BMS-COPD (1.6; 1.3–2.4) and TS-COPD (1.8; 1.4–2.5) subjects compared to TS-CONTROL (3.3; 2.9–3.5) and healthy controls (5.1; 4.5–7.2). The levels of SCGB1A1 were positively correlated (r = 0.7–0.8; p < 0.0001) with forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, their ratios, and exercise capacity. The findings are also consistent within the BMS-COPD sub-group as well. Significantly (p < 0.03) decreased SCGB1A1 concentrations were detected with severity of COPD, dyspnea, quality of life, and mortality indicators. In vitro studies demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) decreased SCGB1A1 transcript and/or protein levels following CSC exposure. Circulating SCGB1A1 levels may therefore also be considered as a potent marker of BMS-COPD and warrant studies in larger independent cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vardhan Veerapaneni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.V.V.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.K.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.U.); (T.A.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Tania A. Thimraj
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.U.); (T.A.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.V.V.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.K.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.V.V.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.K.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Komarla Sundararaja Lokesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.V.V.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.K.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Rajesh Thimmulappa
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.U.); (T.A.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.U.); (T.A.T.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Mahesh Padukudru Anand
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.V.V.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.K.); (K.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (M.P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Henrich SF, Rech TH, Ritter C, Michels M, Dal-Pizzol F, Friedman G. Association of uteroglobin-related protein 1 with smoke inhalation injury severity. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2021; 33:276-281. [PMID: 34231808 PMCID: PMC8275074 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate serum uteroglobin-related protein 1 expression early after smoke inhalation injuries and its association with the severity of inhalation injury in burned patients. Methods Smoke or chemical inhalation injury is associated with morbidity and mortality. The consequences of inhalation result from an inflammatory response. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 is an anti-inflammatory protein and may improve lung inflammation. We hypothesized that uteroglobin-related protein 1 levels could reflect disease severity and predict outcome in patients with inhalation injury. Sixteen patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to smoke inhalation injury were prospectively included in the study. Plasma was collected upon intensive care unit admission and within 24 hours of the inhalation injury. Bronchoscopies were carried out in all patients to assess the severity of inhalation injury within 72 hours. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 plasma levels were determined in duplicate with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean age was 23 ± 5 years, and the inhalation injury distribution was as follows: three of grade 1, four of grade 2, and nine of grade 3. The level of uteroglobin-related protein 1 was related to inhalation severity (grade 1: 0.389 ± 0.053 arbitrary units versus grade 2: 0.474 ± 0.0423 arbitrary units versus grade 3: 0.580 ± 0.094 arbitrary units; p = 0.007). Conclusion Plasma levels of uteroglobin-related protein 1 are associated with the degree of lung inhalation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Frighetto Henrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Tatiana Helena Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - Criciúma (SC), Brasil
| | - Monique Michels
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - Criciúma (SC), Brasil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - Criciúma (SC), Brasil
| | - Gilberto Friedman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez BI, Harrington BK, Chao T, Chung KK, Dubick MA, Boggs NA, Burmeister DM. Impact of oral resuscitation on circulating and splenic leukocytes after burns. Burns 2019; 46:567-578. [PMID: 31787475 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic aberrations after severe burns are treated with aggressive intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation however, oral resuscitation has been proposed in resource poor scenarios. Previously we have shown that animals receiving oral fluid following burns were able to recover kidney function. However, immune function such as circulating and splenic immune cell populations after oral or intravenous fluid administration was not examined. Herein, we perform a follow up analysis of splenic tissue and plasma from the previous animal study to examine the splenic response following these resuscitation strategies after burn injury. METHODS Eighteen anesthetized Yorkshire swine receiving 40%TBSA contact burns were randomized to receive either: (1) no fluids (Fluid Restricted; negative control), (2) 70 mL/kg/d Oral Rehydration Salt solution (Oral), or (3) 2 mL/kg/%TBSA/d of lactated Ringer's solution IV. Blood was drawn for blood cell analysis, and CT scans were performed before and 48 h post-burn, at which point spleens were harvested for histological, Western blot, and RT-PCR analyses. RESULTS Splenic artery diameter decreased by -0.97 ± 0.14 mm in fluid-restricted animals, while IV led to an increase of 0.68 ± 0.30 mm. No significant differences were detected in white and red pulp. IV fluids reduced the population of splenic monocytes (CD163; P = 0.001) and neutrophils (MPO protein; P = 0.13), as well as cytokines IL-8 (P = 0.003), IFN-γ (P = 0.11) and TNFα (P = 0.05). Additionally, withholding IV fluids consistently decreased the expression of FoxP3, CCR6, and IL17β in spleen, suggesting a shift in T-cell phenotype with IV resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS The route of fluid administration has a minor influence on the changes in circulating and splenic leukocytes post-burn in the acute phase. Further research is needed to help guide resuscitation approaches using immunologic markers of splenic function following burns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda I Gómez
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 United States
| | - Brenna K Harrington
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 United States
| | - Tony Chao
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 United States
| | - Kevin K Chung
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael A Dubick
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 United States
| | - Nathan A Boggs
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234 United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Effect of Acute and Chronic Social Stress on the Hippocampal Transcriptome in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142195. [PMID: 26556046 PMCID: PMC4640871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychogenic stress contributes to the formation of brain pathology. Using gene expression microarrays, we analyzed the hippocampal transcriptome of mice subjected to acute and chronic social stress of different duration. The longest period of social stress altered the expression of the highest number of genes and most of the stress-induced changes in transcription were reversible after 5 days of rest. Chronic stress affected genes involved in the functioning of the vascular system (Alas2, Hbb-b1, Hba-a2, Hba-a1), injury response (Vwf, Mgp, Cfh, Fbln5, Col3a1, Ctgf) and inflammation (S100a8, S100a9, Ctla2a, Ctla2b, Lcn2, Lrg1, Rsad2, Isg20). The results suggest that stress may affect brain functions through the stress-induced dysfunction of the vascular system. An important issue raised in our work is also the risk of the contamination of brain tissue samples with choroid plexus. Such contamination would result in a consistent up- or down-regulation of genes, such as Ttr, Igf2, Igfbp2, Prlr, Enpp2, Sostdc1, 1500015O10RIK (Ecrg4), Kl, Clic6, Kcne2, F5, Slc4a5, and Aqp1. Our study suggests that some of the previously reported, supposedly specific changes in hippocampal gene expression, may be a result of the inclusion of choroid plexus in the hippocampal samples.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li P, Wang Y, Turner JH. Proinflammatory mediators alter expression of nuclear factor kappa B-regulating deubiquitinases in sinonasal epithelial cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:583-9. [PMID: 25907801 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a vital transcription factor that is activated by numerous inflammatory stimuli. Its activity is tightly regulated by a family of deubiquitinating enzymes (A20, Cezanne, cylindromatosis [CYLD]) that function in a negative-feedback loop, a process that prevents chronic and systemic inflammation. This study seeks to characterize the expression and functional role of NF-κB-regulating deubiquitinases in the sinonasal epithelium. METHODS Expression of A20, Cezanne, and CYLD was assessed in normal sinonasal tissue using immunohistochemistry. Cultured sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin 4 [IL]-4, IL-13) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and changes in NF-κB activation and deubiquitinase expression were assessed using Western blots and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS NF-κB was activated in response to LPS and TNF-α, but not IL-4 or IL-13. A20, Cezanne, and CYLD were all expressed in sinonasal tissue, primarily along the apical surface of the epithelium. Proinflammatory mediators primarily affected expression of A20, with upregulation by LPS and TNF-α and downregulation by IL-4 and IL-13. CONCLUSION The NF-κB-regulating deubiquitinases A20, Cezanne, and CYLD are expressed in sinonasal tissue and are differentially induced by proinflammatory cytokines and the microbial antigen, LPS. These results suggest an important role for NF-κB-regulating deubiquitinases in mucosal immunity and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, Henan, China
| | - Justin H Turner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aizawa R, Yamada A, Suzuki D, Iimura T, Kassai H, Harada T, Tsukasaki M, Yamamoto G, Tachikawa T, Nakao K, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi A, Aiba A, Kamijo R. Cdc42 is required for chondrogenesis and interdigital programmed cell death during limb development. Mech Dev 2012; 129:38-50. [PMID: 22387309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of the Rho subfamily of small GTPases, is known to be a regulator of multiple cellular functions, including cytoskeletal organization, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, its tissue-specific roles, especially in mammalian limb development, remain unclear. To investigate the physiological function of Cdc42 during limb development, we generated limb bud mesenchyme-specific inactivated Cdc42 (Cdc42(fl/fl); Prx1-Cre) mice. Cdc42(fl/fl); Prx1-Cre mice demonstrated short limbs and body, abnormal calcification of the cranium, cleft palate, disruption of the xiphoid process, and syndactyly. Severe defects were also found in long bone growth plate cartilage, characterized by loss of columnar organization of chondrocytes, and thickening and massive accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, resulting in delayed endochondral bone formation associated with reduced bone growth. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that expressions of Col10 and Mmp13 were reduced in non-resorbed hypertrophic cartilage, indicating that deletion of Cdc42 inhibited their terminal differentiation. Syndactyly in Cdc42(fl/fl); Prx1-Cre mice was caused by fusion of metacarpals and a failure of interdigital programmed cell death (ID-PCD). Whole mount in situ hybridization analysis of limb buds showed that the expression patterns of Sox9 were ectopic, while those of Bmp2, Msx1, and Msx2, known to promote apoptosis in the interdigital mesenchyme, were down-regulated. These results demonstrate that Cdc42 is essential for chondrogenesis and ID-PCD during limb development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Aizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu X, Wang N, Long XB, You XJ, Cui YH, Liu Z. The cytokine-driven regulation of secretoglobins in normal human upper airway and their expression, particularly that of uteroglobin-related protein 1, in chronic rhinosinusitis. Respir Res 2011; 12:28. [PMID: 21385388 PMCID: PMC3063214 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The involvement of secretoglobins (SCGBs) other than SCGB1A1 (Clara cell 10-kDa protein, CC10) in human airway diseases remains unexplored. Among those SCGBs, SCGB3A2 (uteroglobin-related protein 1, UGRP1) is particularly interesting, given its structure and function similarities with SCGB1A1 (CC10). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression regulation of SCGBs other than SCGB1A1 (CC10) in human upper airway, and their potential involvement, particularly that of SCGB3A2 (UGRP1), in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Methods Eight SCGB family members including SCGB3A2 (UGRP1), SCGB1C1 (ligand binding protein RYD5), SCGB1D1 (lipophilin A), SCGB1D2 (lipophilin B), SCGB1D4 (interferon-γ inducible SCGB), SCGB2A1 (mammaglobin 2), SCGB2A2 (mammaglobin 1), and SCGB3A1 (uteroglobin-related protein 2) were studied. The regulation of SCGBs mRNA expression in normal nasal mucosa by proinflammatory, Th1, and Th2 cytokines was studied through nasal explant culture. SCGBs mRNA expression levels in CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients and controls were compared. The mRNA levels were detected by means of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of SCGB3A2 (UGRP1) was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of SCGBs except SCGB1D2 (lipophilin B) could be found in upper airway and be differentially regulated by different cytokines. SCGB3A2 (UGRP1) mRNA expression was induced by Th1 cytokine, but suppressed by proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines. SCGBs mRNA expression was altered in CRS; particularly, SCGB3A2 (UGRP1) protein and mRNA expression was markedly decreased in both CRSsNP and CRSwNP and its protein levels inversely correlated with the number of total infiltrating cells, preoperative sinonasal CT scores, and postoperative endoscopy and symptom scores. Conclusion SCGBs except SCGB1D2 (lipophilin B) are expressed in human upper airway and their expression can be differentially regulated by inflammatory cytokines. SCGBs mRNA expression is altered in CRS. Reduced production of UGRP1, which is likely due, at least in part, to a local cytokine environment, may contribute to the hyper-inflammation in CRS and correlates with response to surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sutherland KM, Combs TJ, Edwards PC, Van Winkle LS. Site-specific differences in gene expression of secreted proteins in the mouse lung: comparison of methods to show differences by location. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:1107-19. [PMID: 20852037 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of pulmonary toxicants on the lung often overlook the fact that site-specific changes are likely to occur in response to chemical exposure. These changes can be highly focal and may be undetected by methods that do not examine specific lung regions. This problem is especially acute for studies of the conducting airways. In this study, differential gene expression of secreted proteins in the lung by different methods of collection (whole lung, gross airway microdissection, and laser capture microdissection) and by airway levels (whole lobe, whole airway tree, proximal airways, airway bifurcations, and terminal bronchioles) was examined. Site-specific sampling approaches were combined with methods to detect both gene and corresponding protein expression in different lung regions. Differential expression of mRNA by both airway level and lung region was determined for Clara cell secretory protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, uteroglobin-related protein 2, surfactant protein A, and surfactant protein C. Therefore, for maximal enrichment of mRNA and maximal ability to identify changes in mRNA levels in the diseased state or in response to chemical exposure, it is critical to choose the appropriate airway region and sample collection method to enrich detection of the transcript(s) of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Sutherland
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8732, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suzuki D, Yamada A, Amano T, Yasuhara R, Kimura A, Sakahara M, Tsumaki N, Takeda S, Tamura M, Nakamura M, Wada N, Nohno T, Shiroishi T, Aiba A, Kamijo R. Essential mesenchymal role of small GTPase Rac1 in interdigital programmed cell death during limb development. Dev Biol 2009; 335:396-406. [PMID: 19766620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing vertebrate limbs are often utilized as a model for studying pattern formation and morphogenetic cell death. Herein, we report that conditional deletion of Rac1, a member of the Rho family of proteins, in mouse limb bud mesenchyme led to skeletal deformities in the autopod and soft tissue syndactyly, with the latter caused by a complete absence of interdigital programmed cell death. Furthermore, the lack of interdigital programmed cell death and associated syndactyly was related to down-regulated gene expression of Bmp2, Bmp7, Msx1, and Msx2, which are known to promote apoptosis in the interdigital mesenchyme. Our findings from Rac1 conditional mutants indicate crucial roles for Rac1 in limb bud morphogenesis, especially interdigital programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University, Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamada A, Suzuki D, Miyazono A, Oshima K, Kamiya A, Zhao B, Takami M, Donnelly RP, Itabe H, Yamamoto M, Kimura S, Kamijo R. IFN-gamma down-regulates Secretoglobin 3A1 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:964-8. [PMID: 19135978 PMCID: PMC2792195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STAT1 mediates Interferon (IFN)-dependent positive and negative regulation of inflammatory gene expression in lung. In this study, we examined the effect of IFN-gamma on the expression of SCGB3A1 which is thought to play crucial roles in inflammation and epithelial cell differentiation in lung. We found that expression of SCGB3A1 was down-regulated by IFN-gamma in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the murine transformed Clara Cells (mtCC) line. IFN-gamma induced the phosphorylation of STAT1, which binds to a STAT-binding element (SBE) in the SCGB3A1 gene promoter, leading to decreased transcriptional activation of this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dai Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Agasa Miyazono
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ohta, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Raymond P. Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ohta, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tomita T, Yamada A, Miyakoshi M, Kido T, Sheikh F, Srisodsai A, Miyajima A, Donnelly RP, Kimura S. Oncostatin M regulates secretoglobin 3A1 and 3A2 expression in a bidirectional manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:620-30. [PMID: 18978304 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0062oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A1 and 3A2 are members of the small molecular weight secretoglobin gene superfamily. SCGB3A1 is a tumor suppressor gene, whereas SCGB3A2 has anti-inflammatory properties. Both genes are mainly expressed in the lung and trachea in mice. Whether the expression and/or function of these two genes are related is not known. Here we show that the expression of SCGB3A1 and SCGB3A2 are bidirectionally regulated by oncostatin M (OSM) when examined in a mouse transformed Clara cell line (mtCC); SCGB3A1 is up-regulated by OSM, while SCGB3A2 is down-regulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. OSM-activated STAT3/5, through binding to the STAT-binding element located at -201 to -209 bp in the mouse Scgb3a1 gene promoter, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are responsible for the OSM-induced up-regulation of SCGB3A1 expression. On the other hand, the -113 to -273 bp region in the Scgb3a2 promoter appears to be responsible for the OSM induced down-regulation of the gene. No significant differences in the levels or patterns of specific DNA-binding proteins were found in the -113 to -273 bp region as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Neither the ERK- nor p38-MAPK pathways were involved in the OSM-induced reduction of Scgb3a2 promoter activity. These results suggest that OSM-induced suppression of SCGB3A2 expression is an indirect effect of OSM. Expression of the Clara cell marker, CYP2F2, was markedly decreased upon OSM treatment in parallel with the decrease of SCGB3A2 expression in mtCC cells. The differential regulation of Scgb3a1 and Scgb3a2 gene expression by OSM may explain the unique functions of these genes in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Otulakowski G, Duan W, O'Brodovich H. Global and gene-specific translational regulation in rat lung development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:555-67. [PMID: 18952566 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0284oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the peripartum period, the lung must respond to dramatic changes in circulating hormones, nutritional factors, and physiologic signals during its transition to becoming the organ of gas exchange. Protein synthesis consumes a significant proportion of metabolic resources and is inhibited by many environmental stresses. We hypothesized that translational control mechanisms play a role in the perinatal lung. Immunoblots of late-gestation (Fetal Day [FD] 17-22) rat lung extracts revealed gradual decreases in phosphorylated forms of the mammalian target of rapamycin effectors, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein, p70 S6 kinase, and ribosomal protein S6, followed by sharp increases on Postnatal Day 1 (P1). Immunohistochemistry showed phospho-S6 staining was most prominent in epithelial cells of the large and small airways. m(7)GTP-sepharose pulldown experiments showed a decrease in association of translation initiation factor, eIF4E, with its inhibitor, eIF4E-binding protein, and a concomitant increase in eIF4E association with eIF4G immediately after birth, and polysome profiles confirmed a decrease in abundance of large polysomes between FD19 and FD22, which was reversed on P1. Microarray analysis of polysomal versus total RNA from FD19, FD22, and P1 lungs was used to identify specific genes, the association of which with large polysomes changed either pre- or postnatally. RT-PCR and Northern blotting were used to confirm translational changes in selected candidate genes, including a prenatal increase in IL-18 and a postnatal decrease in regulatory subunit 2 of protein phosphatase 1. Translational regulation of IL-18 and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 2 is gene-specific, as these changes contrast with the corresponding global changes in polysome abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Otulakowski
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tomita T, Kimura S. Regulation of mouse Scgb3a1 gene expression by NF-Y and association of CpG methylation with its tissue-specific expression. BMC Mol Biol 2008; 9:5. [PMID: 18194566 PMCID: PMC2266941 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A1 is a secretory protein of small molecular weight with tumor suppressor function. It is highly expressed in lung and trachea in both human and mouse, with additional tissues expressing the protein that differ depending on the species. However, little is known about the function and transcriptional regulation of this gene in normal mouse tissues. Results By reporter gene transfection and gel mobility shift analyses, we demonstrated that expression of the mouse Scgb3a1 gene is regulated by a PU-box binding protein and a ubiquitous transcription factor NF-Y that respectively binds to the PU-boxes located at -99 to -105 bp and -158 to -164 bp, and the "CCAAT" binding sites located at -425 to -429 bp and -498 to -502 bp from the transcription start site of the gene. However, the effect of PU-box binding protein on transcriptional activation is minimal as compared to NF-Y, suggesting that NF-Y is a more critical transcription factor for mouse Scgb3a1 gene transcription. Despite that NF-Y is a ubiquitous factor, Scgb3a1 is highly expressed only in mouse lung and mtCC cells that are derived from SV40 transformed mouse Clara cells, but not in ten other mouse tissues/cells examined. Gene methylation analysis revealed that within 600 bp of the Scgb3a1 gene promoter region, there are nine CpG methylation sites present, of which two CpGs closest to the transcription start site of the gene are unmethylated in the tissues/cells expressing SCGB3A1. Conclusion A ubiquitous transcription factor NF-Y binds to and activates expression of the mouse Scgb3a1 gene and tissue-specific expression of the gene is associated with CpG methylation of the promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamada A, Takami M, Kawawa T, Yasuhara R, Zhao B, Mochizuki A, Miyamoto Y, Eto T, Yasuda H, Nakamichi Y, Kim N, Katagiri T, Suda T, Kamijo R. Interleukin-4 inhibition of osteoclast differentiation is stronger than that of interleukin-13 and they are equivalent for induction of osteoprotegerin production from osteoblasts. Immunology 2007; 120:573-9. [PMID: 17343616 PMCID: PMC2265899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are closely related cytokines known to inhibit osteoclast formation by targeting osteoblasts to produce an inhibitor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as by directly targeting osteoclast precursors. However, whether their inhibitory actions are the same remains unclear. The inhibitory effect of IL-4 was stronger than that of IL-13 in an osteoclast-differentiation culture system containing mouse osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. Both cytokines induced OPG production by osteoblasts in similar time- and dose-dependent manners. However, IL-4 was stronger in direct inhibition that targeted osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, IL-4 induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6) at lower concentrations than those of IL-13 in osteoclast precursors. IL-4 but not IL-13 strongly inhibited the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (nuclear factor-ATc1), a key factor of osteoclast differentiation, by those precursors. Thus, the activities of IL-4 and IL-13 toward osteoclast precursors were shown to be different in regards to inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, whereas those toward osteoblasts for inducing OPG expression were equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ingram JL, Antao-Menezes A, Mangum JB, Lyght O, Lee PJ, Elias JA, Bonner JC. Opposing actions of Stat1 and Stat6 on IL-13-induced up-regulation of early growth response-1 and platelet-derived growth factor ligands in pulmonary fibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:4141-8. [PMID: 16951379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 is a key cytokine involved in airway remodeling in asthma. We previously reported that IL-13 stimulated the mitogenesis of lung fibroblasts via platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. In this report, we show that IL-13 increases PDGF-A and PDGF-C mRNA levels through a dual intracellular cascade that requires coactivation of Stat6 and Stat1 to impact transcriptional regulation of the early growth response (Egr)-1 gene, which then drives PDGF expression. Increased levels of PDGF-AA and PDGF-CC protein were observed in vivo in the airways of IL-13 transgenic mice. IL-13 up-regulated PDGF-A and PDGF-C mRNA levels in lung fibroblasts isolated from three different background strains of mice. However, IL-13-induced PDGF-A and PDGF-C mRNA levels were significantly reduced in Stat6-deficient (Stat6(-/-)) fibroblasts as compared with wild-type Stat6(+/+) fibroblasts. In contrast, IL-13-induced PDGF-A and PDGF-C mRNAs were enhanced in Stat1(-/-) fibroblasts as compared with Stat1(+/+) fibroblasts. IL-13 did not up-regulate PDGF-A or PDGF-C mRNA levels in Egr-1(-/-) fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-13 did not increase Egr-1 mRNA and protein levels in Stat6(-/-) fibroblasts and yet enhanced Egr-1 mRNA and protein levels in Stat1(-/-) fibroblasts. Our findings support the hypothesis that Stat6 and Stat1 exert stimulatory and inhibitory effects on Egr-1 and PDGF ligand mRNA transcription, respectively. This novel mechanism could aid in identifying molecular targets for the treatment of chronic airway remodeling and fibrosis in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ingram
- CIIT Centers for Health Research, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|