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Tsamou M, Kremers FAC, Samaritakis KA, Roggen EL. Identifying microRNAs Possibly Implicated in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9551. [PMID: 39273498 PMCID: PMC11395538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are chronic syndromes of unknown etiology, accompanied by numerous symptoms affecting neurological and physical conditions. Despite frequent revisions of the diagnostic criteria, clinical practice guidelines are often outdated, leading to underdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. Our aim was to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers implicated in pathological mechanisms underlying these diseases. A comprehensive literature review using publicly accessible databases was conducted. Interesting miRNAs were extracted from relevant publications on ME/CFS and/or FM, and were then linked to pathophysiological processes possibly manifesting these chronic diseases. Dysregulated miRNAs in ME/CFS and FM may serve as promising biomarkers for these diseases. Key identified miRNAs, such as miR-29c, miR-99b, miR-128, miR-374b, and miR-766, were frequently mentioned for their roles in immune response, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and central sensitization, while miR-23a, miR-103, miR-152, and miR-320 were implicated in multiple crucial pathological processes for FM and/or ME/CFS. In summary, both ME/CFS and FM seem to share many dysregulated biological or molecular processes, which may contribute to their commonly shared symptoms. This miRNA-based approach offers new angles for discovering molecular markers urgently needed for early diagnosis or therapeutics to tackle the pathology of these medically unexplained chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erwin L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Ye D, Zhou S, Dai X, Xu H, Tang Q, Huang H, Bi F. Targeting the MHC-I endosomal-lysosomal trafficking pathway in cancer: From mechanism to immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189161. [PMID: 39096977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved broad applicability and durable clinical responses across cancer types. However, the overall response rate remains suboptimal because some patients do not respond or develop drug resistance. The low infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment due to insufficient antigen presentation is closely related to the innate resistance to ICB. The duration and spatial distribution of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression on the cell surface is critical for the efficient presentation of endogenous tumor antigens and subsequent recognition and clearance by CTLs. Tumor cells reduce the surface expression of MHC-I via multiple mechanisms to impair antigen presentation pathways and evade immunity and/or develop resistance to ICB therapy. As an increasing number of studies have focused on membrane MHC-I trafficking and degradation in tumor cells, which may impact the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy. It is necessary to summarize the mechanism regulating membrane MHC-I translocation into the cytoplasm and degradation via the lysosome. We reviewed recent advances in the understanding of endosomal-lysosomal MHC-I transport and highlighted the means exploited by tumor cells to evade detection and clearance by CTLs. We also summarized new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to enhance classical ICB treatment and provide new avenues for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Huixi Huang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
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4
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Wijfjes Z, van Dalen FJ, Le Gall CM, Verdoes M. Controlling Antigen Fate in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines by Targeting Dendritic Cell Receptors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4826-4847. [PMID: 37721387 PMCID: PMC10548474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate immune responses and are therefore of interest for the targeted delivery of therapeutic vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that excel in presentation of exogenous antigens toward CD4+ T helper cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. DCs are highly heterogeneous and can be divided into subpopulations that differ in abundance, function, and phenotype, such as differential expression of endocytic receptor molecules. It is firmly established that targeting antigens to DC receptors enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. While most studies emphasize the importance of targeting a specific DC subset, we argue that the differential intracellular routing downstream of the targeted receptors within the DC subset should also be considered. Here, we review the mouse and human receptors studied as target for therapeutic vaccines, focusing on antibody and ligand conjugates and how their targeting affects antigen presentation. We aim to delineate how targeting distinct receptors affects antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy, which will guide target selection for future therapeutic vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Wijfjes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J. van Dalen
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille M. Le Gall
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Olson E, Raghavan M. Major histocompatibility complex class I assembly within endolysosomal pathways. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102356. [PMID: 37379719 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecules facilitate subcellular immune surveillance by presenting peptides on the cell surface. MHC class I assembly with peptides generally happens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Peptides are processed in the cytosol, transported into the ER, and assembled with MHC class I heavy and light chains. However, as many pathogens reside within multiple subcellular organelles, peptide sampling across non-cytosolic compartments is also important. MHC class I molecules internalize from the cell surface into endosomes and constitutively traffic between endosomes and the cell surface. Within endosomes, MHC class I molecules assemble with both exogenous and endogenous antigens processed within these compartments. Human MHC classI polymorphisms, well known to affect ER assembly modes, also influence endosomal assembly outcomes, an area of current interest to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Graduate Program In Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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6
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Olson E, Ceccarelli T, Raghavan M. Endo-lysosomal assembly variations among human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) allotypes. eLife 2023; 12:e79144. [PMID: 36722462 PMCID: PMC9917446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extreme polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) proteins enable the presentation of diverse peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) HLA class I assembly pathway enables presentation of cytosolic peptides, but effective intracellular surveillance requires multi-compartmental antigen sampling. Endo-lysosomes are generally sites of HLA class II assembly, but human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) also contain significant reserves of endo-lysosomal HLA class I molecules. We hypothesized variable influences of HLA class I polymorphisms upon outcomes of endo-lysosomal trafficking, as the stabilities and peptide occupancies of cell surface HLA class I molecules are variable. Consistent with this model, when the endo-lysosomal pH of moDCs is disrupted, HLA-B allotypes display varying propensities for reductions in surface expression, with HLA-B*08:01 or HLA-B*35:01 being among the most resistant or sensitive, respectively, among eight tested HLA-B allotypes. Perturbations of moDC endo-lysosomal pH result in accumulation of HLA-B*35:01 in LAMP1+ compartments and increase HLA-B*35:01 peptide receptivity. These findings reveal the intersection of the vacuolar cross-presentation pathway with a constitutive assembly pathway for some HLA-B allotypes. Notably, cross-presentation of epitopes derived from two soluble antigens was also more efficient for B*35:01 compared to B*08:01, even when matched for T cell response sensitivity, and more affected by cathepsin inhibition. Thus, HLA class I polymorphisms dictate the degree of endo-lysosomal assembly, which can supplement ER assembly for constitutive HLA class I expression and increase the efficiency of cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Theadora Ceccarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
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7
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ANO7: Insights into topology, function, and potential applications as a biomarker and immunotherapy target. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101546. [PMID: 33940566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) is a member of the transmembrane protein TMEM16 family. It has a conservative topology similar to other members in this family, such as the typical eight-transmembrane domain, but it also has unique features. Although the ion channel role of ANO7 has been well accepted, evolutionary analyses and relevant studies suggest that ANO7 may be a multi-facet protein in function. Studies have shown that ANO7 may also function as a scramblase. ANO7 is highly expressed in prostate cancer as well as normal prostate tissues. A considerable amount of evidence has confirmed that ANO7 is associated with human physiology and pathology, particularly with the development of prostate cancer, which makes ANO7 a good candidate as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. In addition, ANO7 may be a potential target for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Antibody-based or T cell-mediated immunotherapies against prostate cancer by targeting ANO7 have been highly anticipated. ANO7 may also correlate with several other types of cancers or diseases, where further studies are warranted.
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8
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Barbet G, Nair-Gupta P, Schotsaert M, Yeung ST, Moretti J, Seyffer F, Metreveli G, Gardner T, Choi A, Tortorella D, Tampé R, Khanna KM, García-Sastre A, Blander JM. TAP dysfunction in dendritic cells enables noncanonical cross-presentation for T cell priming. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:497-509. [PMID: 33790474 PMCID: PMC8981674 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) presentation relies on shuttling cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Viruses disable TAP to block MHC-I presentation and evade cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Priming CD8+ T cells against these viruses is thought to rely solely on cross-presentation by uninfected TAP-functional dendritic cells. We found that protective CD8+ T cells could be mobilized during viral infection even when TAP was absent in all hematopoietic cells. TAP blockade depleted the endosomal recycling compartment of MHC-I molecules and, as such, impaired Toll-like receptor-regulated cross-presentation. Instead, MHC-I molecules accumulated in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), sequestered away from Toll-like receptor control, and coopted ER-SNARE Sec22b-mediated vesicular traffic to intersect with internalized antigen and rescue cross-presentation. Thus, when classic MHC-I presentation and endosomal recycling compartment-dependent cross-presentation are impaired in dendritic cells, cell-autonomous noncanonical cross-presentation relying on ERGIC-derived MHC-I counters TAP dysfunction to nevertheless mediate CD8+ T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Barbet
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, and Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Priyanka Nair-Gupta
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Moretti
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabian Seyffer
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giorgi Metreveli
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Gardner
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- ArsenalBio, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angela Choi
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Magarian Blander
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Bode K, Bujupi F, Link C, Hein T, Zimmermann S, Peiris D, Jaquet V, Lepenies B, Weyd H, Krammer PH. Dectin-1 Binding to Annexins on Apoptotic Cells Induces Peripheral Immune Tolerance via NADPH Oxidase-2. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4435-4446.e9. [PMID: 31875551 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of apoptotic cells (ACs) by dendritic cells (DCs) and induction of a tolerogenic DC phenotype is an important mechanism for establishing peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. The receptors involved and underlying signaling pathways are not fully understood. Here, we identify Dectin-1 as a crucial tolerogenic receptor binding with nanomolar affinity to the core domain of several annexins (annexin A1, A5, and A13) exposed on ACs. Annexins bind to Dectin-1 on a site distinct from the interaction site of pathogen-derived β-glucans. Subsequent tolerogenic signaling induces selective phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), causing activation of NADPH oxidase-2 and moderate production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, mice deficient for Dectin-1 develop autoimmune pathologies (autoantibodies and splenomegaly) and generate stronger immune responses (cytotoxic T cells) against ACs. Our data describe an important immunological checkpoint system and provide a link between immunosuppressive signals of ACs and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bode
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fatmire Bujupi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Link
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hein
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zimmermann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diluka Peiris
- Attana AB, Greta Arwidssons v. 21, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Weyd
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Engineering nanoparticulate vaccines for enhancing antigen cross-presentation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:113-122. [PMID: 32745889 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cross-presentation is pivotal for vaccination against cancer and infection by intracellular virus and bacteria. Recently, various types of nanoparticle vaccines have been developed and investigated for efficiently and specifically improving cross-presentation and CD8+ T cell priming. In this review, we will summarize the known intracellular pathways involved in cross-presentation, and focus on several nanoparticle strategies that have been reported for enhancing cross-presentation, including designing multifunctional nano-vaccines for increasing endosomal escape, designing nano-vaccines that can target lymph nodes to improve antigen uptake by lymph node resident CD8α+ dendritic cells, and co-delivering immune modulators for upregulating cross-presentation related intracellular components. We will also briefly discuss the future prospects of cross-presentation based nano-vaccine strategy for curing diseases.
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11
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Kirby L, Jin J, Cardona JG, Smith MD, Martin KA, Wang J, Strasburger H, Herbst L, Alexis M, Karnell J, Davidson T, Dutta R, Goverman J, Bergles D, Calabresi PA. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells present antigen and are cytotoxic targets in inflammatory demyelination. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3887. [PMID: 31467299 PMCID: PMC6715717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are abundant in the adult central nervous system, and have the capacity to regenerate oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, in inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remyelination is often incomplete. To investigate how neuroinflammation influences OPCs, we perform in vivo fate-tracing in an inflammatory demyelinating mouse model. Here we report that OPC differentiation is inhibited by both effector T cells and IFNγ overexpression by astrocytes. IFNγ also reduces the absolute number of OPCs and alters remaining OPCs by inducing the immunoproteasome and MHC class I. In vitro, OPCs exposed to IFNγ cross-present antigen to cytotoxic CD8 T cells, resulting in OPC death. In human demyelinated MS brain lesions, but not normal appearing white matter, oligodendroglia exhibit enhanced expression of the immunoproteasome subunit PSMB8. Therefore, OPCs may be co-opted by the immune system in MS to perpetuate the autoimmune response, suggesting that inhibiting immune activation of OPCs may facilitate remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Kirby
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyle A Martin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Hayley Strasburger
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leyla Herbst
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya Alexis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joan Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dwight Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Montealegre S, van Endert PM. Endocytic Recycling of MHC Class I Molecules in Non-professional Antigen Presenting and Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3098. [PMID: 30666258 PMCID: PMC6330327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules are glycoproteins that display peptide epitopes at the cell surface of nucleated cells for recognition by CD8+ T cells. Like other cell surface receptors, MHC class I molecules are continuously removed from the surface followed by intracellular degradation or recycling to the cell surface, in a process likely involving active quality control the mechanism of which remains unknown. The molecular players and pathways involved in internalization and recycling have previously been studied in model cell lines such as HeLa. However, dendritic cells (DCs), which rely on a specialized endocytic machinery that confers them the unique ability to “cross”-present antigens acquired by internalization, may use distinct MHC I recycling pathways and quality control mechanisms. By providing MHC I molecules cross-presenting antigens, these pathways may play an important role in one of the key functions of DCs, priming of T cell responses against pathogens and tumors. In this review, we will focus on endocytic recycling of MHC I molecules in various experimental conditions and cell types. We discuss the organization of the recycling pathway in model cell lines compared to DCs, highlighting the differences in the recycling rates and pathways of MHC I molecules between various cell types, and their putative functional consequences. Reviewing the literature, we find that conclusive evidence for significant recycling of MHC I molecules in primary DCs has yet to be demonstrated. We conclude that endocytic trafficking of MHC class I in DCs remains poorly understood and should be further studied because of its likely role in antigen cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Montealegre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - Peter M van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Paris, France
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13
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Marijt KA, Blijleven L, Verdegaal EME, Kester MG, Kowalewski DJ, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S, Heemskerk MHM, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Identification of non-mutated neoantigens presented by TAP-deficient tumors. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2325-2337. [PMID: 30115740 PMCID: PMC6122969 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid forward-reversed immunological screen is performed to identify 16 novel HLA-A2 presented cancer antigens. These peptides are selectively presented by immune-escaped cancer cells with defects in the peptide transporter TAP. In contrast to mutated neoantigens, these “self” neoantigens are universally presented across different cancer types. Most T cell–based immunotherapies of cancer depend on intact antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules (HLA-I). However, defects in the antigen-processing machinery can cause downregulation of HLA-I, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8+ T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a unique category of cancer antigens is selectively presented by tumor cells deficient for the peptide transporter TAP, enabling a specific attack of such tumors without causing immunopathology in mouse models. With a novel combinatorial screening approach, we now identify 16 antigens of this category in humans. These HLA-A*02:01 presented peptides do not derive from the mutanome of cancers, but are of “self” origin and therefore constitute universal neoantigens. Indeed, CD8+ T cells specific for the leader peptide of the ubiquitously expressed LRPAP1 protein recognized TAP-deficient, HLA-Ilow lymphomas, melanomas, and renal and colon carcinomas, but not healthy counterparts. In contrast to personalized mutanome-targeted therapies, these conserved neoantigens and their cognate receptors can be exploited for immune-escaped cancers across diverse histological origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els M E Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel G Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Kowalewski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Lorente E, Barriga A, García-Arriaza J, Lemonnier FA, Esteban M, López D. Complex antigen presentation pathway for an HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope from Chikungunya 6K protein. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006036. [PMID: 29084215 PMCID: PMC5679651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response is critical for clearance of many viral infections. These CTL recognize naturally processed short viral antigenic peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. This specific recognition allows the killing of virus-infected cells. The T cell immune T cell response to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus of the Togaviridae family responsible for severe musculoskeletal disorders, has not been fully defined; nonetheless, the importance of HLA class I-restricted immune response in this virus has been hypothesized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By infection of HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus that encodes the CHIKV structural polyprotein (rVACV-CHIKV), we identified the first human T cell epitopes from CHIKV. These three novel 6K transmembrane protein-derived epitopes are presented by the common HLA class I molecule, HLA-A*0201. One of these epitopes is processed and presented via a complex pathway that involves proteases from different subcellular locations. Specific chemical inhibitors blocked these events in rVACV-CHIKV-infected cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data have implications not only for the identification of novel Alphavirus and Togaviridae antiviral CTL responses, but also for analyzing presentation of antigen from viruses of different families and orders that use host proteinases to generate their mature envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - François A. Lemonnier
- Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, France
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Procesamiento Antigénico, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Liu X, Wu XP, Zhu XL, Li T, Liu Y. IRG1 increases MHC class I level in macrophages through STAT-TAP1 axis depending on NADPH oxidase mediated reactive oxygen species. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:76-83. [PMID: 28477473 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the connection between innate immunity and acquired immune system. Recently, many studies reported that the immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) play an important role on innate immunity including reactive oxygen species (ROS), antiviral effect and expression of inflammatory factors. However, the function of IRG1 in antigen presenting remains unclear. In this study, we found that overexpressed-IRG1 promoted MHC I level instead of MHC II in macrophages membrane. Besides, IRG1 increased expression of some transporter proteins associated with antigen processing involving TAP1, PSMB9 depending on ROS. By detecting the activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), we confirmed that IRG1 could increase ROS level by promoting pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX), also significant attenuated TAP1 and MHC I level in IRG1-overexpressed macrophages. Finally, results showed that phosphorylation of STAT1/3 involved in IRG1-mediated TAP1 and MHC I expression. In conclusion, IRG1 increased MHC class I level in macrophages through STAT1/3-TAP1 axis depending on PPP and NOX mediated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Wu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Lin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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16
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Cruz FM, Colbert JD, Merino E, Kriegsman BA, Rock KL. The Biology and Underlying Mechanisms of Cross-Presentation of Exogenous Antigens on MHC-I Molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:149-176. [PMID: 28125356 PMCID: PMC5508990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To monitor the health of cells, the immune system tasks antigen-presenting cells with gathering antigens from other cells and bringing them to CD8 T cells in the form of peptides bound to MHC-I molecules. Most cells would be unable to perform this function because they use their MHC-I molecules to exclusively present peptides derived from the cell's own proteins. However, the immune system evolved mechanisms for dendritic cells and some other phagocytes to sample and present antigens from the extracellular milieu on MHC-I through a process called cross-presentation. How this important task is accomplished, its role in health and disease, and its potential for exploitation are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Jeff D Colbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Elena Merino
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Barry A Kriegsman
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
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17
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Mahmutefendić H, Blagojević Zagorac G, Grabušić K, Karleuša L, Maćešić S, Momburg F, Lučin P. Late Endosomal Recycling of Open MHC-I Conformers. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:872-887. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mahmutefendić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | | | | | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Senka Maćešić
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Physics, Foreign Languages and Kinesiology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Pero Lučin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
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18
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Qiu Y, Peng K, Liu M, Xiao W, Yang H. CD8αα TCRαβ Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in the Mouse Gut. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1451-60. [PMID: 26769056 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-4016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of the mouse small intestine harbors an abundant CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) population. This unique IEL subset is a self-reactive population that requires exposure to self-agonists for selection in the thymus, similarly to other regulatory T cell populations. After leaving the thymus, these cells directly seed the intestinal epithelium, which provides a unique combination of cellular interactions together with cytokines, nutrients, and antigens that guide the lineage-specific differentiation and function of these IELs. For instance, epithelial cells and nearby immune cells secrete a number of cytokines, including interleukin-15 (IL-15), IL-7, and transforming growth factor-β, resulting in an assortment of cellular responses, including activation of master transcription factors, cell proliferation, and cytokine secretion. Recent advances have also highlighted the importance of diet-derived substances and commensal metabolites, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and vitamin D, in controlling the survival and gene expression of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs. Furthermore, these cells function in the epithelium and require constant communication between cells in the form of cell-to-cell contacts. These interactions tune the antigen sensitivity of the TCR and maintain the quiescence of the CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs. Finally, we discuss how these cells might contribute to tolerance and immunopathological responses in the gut. Therefore, an increased understanding of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs in the gut will help us understand how these cells participate in immune regulation and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Minqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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19
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Proteolytic enzymes involved in MHC class I antigen processing: A guerrilla army that partners with the proteasome. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Oliveira CC, van Hall T. Alternative Antigen Processing for MHC Class I: Multiple Roads Lead to Rome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:298. [PMID: 26097483 PMCID: PMC4457021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The well described conventional antigen-processing pathway is accountable for most peptides that end up in MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. These peptides experienced liberation by the proteasome and transport by the peptide transporter TAP. However, there are multiple roads that lead to Rome, illustrated by the increasing number of alternative processing pathways that have been reported during last years. Interestingly, TAP-deficient individuals do not succumb to viral infections, suggesting that CD8 T cell immunity is sufficiently supported by alternative TAP-independent processing pathways. To date, a diversity of viral and endogenous TAP-independent peptides have been identified in the grooves of different MHC class I alleles. Some of these peptides are not displayed by normal TAP-positive cells and we therefore called them TEIPP, for “T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing.” TEIPPs are hidden self-antigens, are derived from normal housekeeping proteins, and are processed via unconventional processing pathways. Per definition, TEIPPs are presented via TAP-independent pathways, but recent data suggest that part of this repertoire still depend on proteasome and metalloprotease activity. An exception is the C-terminal peptide of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane-spanning ceramide synthase Trh4 that is surprisingly liberated by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP), the proteolytic enzyme involved in cleaving leader sequences. The intramembrane cleaving SPP is thereby an important contributor of TAP-independent peptides. Its family members, like the Alzheimer’s related presenilins, might contribute as well, according to our preliminary data. Finally, alternative peptide routing is an emerging field and includes processes like the unfolded protein response, the ER-associated degradation, and autophagy-associated vesicular pathways. These data convince us that there is a world to be discovered in the field of unconventional antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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21
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Montealegre S, Venugopalan V, Fritzsche S, Kulicke C, Hein Z, Springer S. Dissociation of β2-microglobulin determines the surface quality control of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. FASEB J 2015; 29:2780-8. [PMID: 25782992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, which present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes at the surface of all nucleated cells, are endocytosed and destroyed rapidly once their peptide ligand has dissociated. The molecular mechanism of this cellular quality control process, which prevents rebinding of exogenous peptides and thus erroneous immune responses, is unknown. To identify the nature of the decisive step in endocytic sorting of class I molecules and its location, we have followed the removal of optimally and suboptimally peptide-loaded murine H-2K(b) class I proteins from the cell surface. We find that the binding of their light chain, β2-microglobulin (β2m), protects them from endocytic destruction. Thus, the extended survival of suboptimally loaded K(b) molecules at 25°C is attributed to decreased dissociation of β2m. Because all forms of K(b) are constantly internalized but little β2m-receptive heavy chain is present at the cell surface, it is likely that β2m dissociation and recognition of the heavy chain for lysosomal degradation take place in an endocytic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Montealegre
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vaishnavi Venugopalan
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Susanne Fritzsche
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kulicke
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zeynep Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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22
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Mayans S, Stepniak D, Palida S, Larange A, Dreux J, Arlian B, Shinnakasu R, Kronenberg M, Cheroutre H, Lambolez F. αβT cell receptors expressed by CD4(-)CD8αβ(-) intraepithelial T cells drive their fate into a unique lineage with unusual MHC reactivities. Immunity 2014; 41:207-218. [PMID: 25131531 PMCID: PMC4142827 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coreceptor CD4 and CD8αβ double-negative (DN) TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial T cells, although numerous, have been greatly overlooked and their contribution to the immune response is not known. Here we used T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of single cells combined with retrogenic expression of TCRs to study the fate and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of DN TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial T cells. The data show that commitment of thymic precursors to the DN TCRαβ(+) lineage is imprinted by their TCR specificity. Moreover, the TCRs they express display a diverse and unusual pattern of MHC restriction that is nonoverlapping with that of CD4(+) or CD8αβ(+) T cells, indicating that they sense antigens that are not recognized by the conventional T cell subsets. The new insights indicate that DN TCRαβ(+) T cells form a third lineage of TCRαβ T lymphocytes expressing a variable TCR repertoire, which serve nonredundant immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mayans
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Clinical Microbiology-Immunology, NUS Building 6C, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dariusz Stepniak
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- eBioscience, 10255 Science center drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sakina Palida
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- HHMI – UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, George Palade 310 La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Alexandre Larange
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joanna Dreux
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Britni Arlian
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-209, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryo Shinnakasu
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Riken, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florence Lambolez
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Hein Z, Uchtenhagen H, Abualrous ET, Saini SK, Janßen L, Van Hateren A, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Momburg F, Achour A, Elliott T, Springer S, Boulanger D. Peptide-independent stabilization of MHC class I molecules breaches cellular quality control. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2885-97. [PMID: 24806963 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins is directed by three quality control mechanisms that test for their structural integrity, which is correlated to the binding of high-affinity antigenic peptide ligands. To investigate which molecular features of MHC-I these quality control mechanisms detect, we have followed the hypothesis that suboptimally loaded MHC-I molecules are characterized by their conformational mobility in the F-pocket region of the peptide-binding site. We have created a novel variant of an MHC-I protein, K(b)-Y84C, in which two α-helices in this region are linked by a disulfide bond that mimics the conformational and dynamic effects of bound high-affinity peptide. K(b)-Y84C shows a remarkable increase in the binding affinity to its light chain, beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), and bypasses all three cellular quality control steps. Our data demonstrate (1) that coupling between peptide and β2m binding to the MHC-I heavy chain is mediated by conformational dynamics; (2) that the folded conformation of MHC-I, supported by β2m, plays a decisive role in passing the ER-to-cell-surface transport quality controls; and (3) that β2m association is also tested by the cell surface quality control that leads to MHC-I endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Hein
- Molecular Life Science Center, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hannes Uchtenhagen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Molecular Life Science Center, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Linda Janßen
- Molecular Life Science Center, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andy Van Hateren
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Elliott
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Molecular Life Science Center, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Denise Boulanger
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
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Oliveira CC, Sluijter M, Querido B, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Dominant contribution of the proteasome and metalloproteinases to TAP-independent MHC-I peptide repertoire. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:129-36. [PMID: 24983205 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors frequently display defects in the MHC-I antigen processing machinery, such as deficiency of the peptide transporter TAP. Interestingly, the residual peptide repertoire contains neo-antigens which are not presented by processing-proficient cells. We termed these immunogenic peptides TEIPP ('T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing') and were interested to unravel their TAP-independent processing pathways. With an array of chemical inhibitors we assessed the participation of numerous proteases to TAP-independent peptides and found that the previously described catalytic enzymes signal peptidase and furin contributed in a cell-type and MHC-I allele-specific way. In addition, a dominant role for the proteasome and metallopeptidases was observed. These findings raised the question how these proteasome products get access to MHC-I molecules. A novel TEIPP peptide-epitope that represented this intracellular route revealed that the lysosomal peptide transporter ABCB9 ('TAP-like') was dispensable for its presentation. Interestingly, prevention of endolysosomal vesicle acidification by bafilomycin enhanced the surface display of this TEIPP peptide, suggesting that this proteasome-dependent pathway intersects endolysosomes and that these antigens are merely destroyed there. In conclusion, the proteasome has a surprisingly dominant role in shaping the TAP-independent MHC-I peptide repertoire and some of these antigens might be targeted to the endocytic vesicular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Querido
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Perot BP, Ingersoll MA, Albert ML. The impact of macroautophagy on CD8(+) T-cell-mediated antiviral immunity. Immunol Rev 2014; 255:40-56. [PMID: 23947346 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a catabolic recycling pathway, which can be induced by various stress stimuli. Viruses are able to manipulate autophagy in the cells that they infect. The impact of autophagy on the innate immune response to viruses and its stimulatory role in antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells are well documented. Herein, we present the impact of autophagy on the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated antiviral immune responses, which are required for the eradication or control of multiple viruses. We first discuss the general mechanisms by which viruses can either induce or block autophagy in cells. We then explore the cross-talk between autophagy and innate immune processes, which are both first line defenses against viruses; and constitute crucial steps for the initiation of potent adaptive immune responses. We describe the impact of autophagy on the presentation of viral peptide antigens on class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I), a prerequisite for the priming of CTL responses. In sum, our review highlights the interplay between viruses and three integrated host response pathways - autophagy, innate and adaptive immunity - providing a framework for future mechanistic and pathogenesis-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc P Perot
- Unité d'immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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26
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López D, Lorente E, Barriga A, Johnstone C, Mir C. Vaccination and the TAP-independent antigen processing pathways. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:1077-83. [PMID: 24053400 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2013.825447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte-mediated cellular response is important for the elimination of virus-infected cells and requires the prior recognition of short viral peptide antigens previously translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). However, individuals with nonfunctional TAP complexes or infected cells with TAP molecules blocked by specific viral proteins, such as the cowpoxvirus, a component of the first source of early empirical vaccination against smallpox, are still able to present several HLA class I ligands generated by the TAP-independent antigen processing pathways to specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Currently, bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases have renewed interest in poxviruses. Recent works that have identified HLA class I ligands and epitopes in virus-infected TAP-deficient cells have implications for the study of both the effectiveness of early empirical vaccination and the analysis of HLA class I antigen processing in TAP-deficient subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- From Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
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27
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Mahmutefendić H, Zagorac GB, Tomaš MI, Groettrup M, Momburg F, Lučin P. Endosomal trafficking of open Major Histocompatibility Class I conformers—Implications for presentation of endocytosed antigens. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Chen X, Zeng D, Chen X, Xie D, Zhao Y, Yang C, Li Y, Ma N, Li M, Yang Q, Liao Z, Wang H. Transcriptome analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei in response to white spot syndrome virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73218. [PMID: 23991181 PMCID: PMC3753264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most extensively farmed crustacean species in the world. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major pathogens in the cultured shrimp. However, the molecular mechanisms of the host-virus interaction remain largely unknown. In this study, the impact of WSSV infection on host gene expression in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei was investigated through the use of 454 pyrosequencing-based RNA-Seq of cDNA libraries developed from WSSV-challenged shrimp or normal controls. By comparing the two cDNA libraries, we show that 767 host genes are significantly up-regulated and 729 genes are significantly down-regulated by WSSV infection. KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that the distribution of gene pathways between the up- and down-regulated genes is quite different. Among the differentially expressed genes, several are found to be involved in various processes of animal defense against pathogens such as apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, Wnt signaling and antigen processing and presentation pathways. The present study provides valuable information on differential expression of L. vannamei genes following WSSV infection and improves our current understanding of this host-virus interaction. In addition, the large number of transcripts obtained in this study provides a strong basis for future genomic research on shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Daxiang Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenping Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
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29
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Fiegl D, Kägebein D, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Weisser T, Sens M, Gutjahr M, Knittler MR. Amphisomal route of MHC class I cross-presentation in bacteria-infected dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2791-806. [PMID: 23418629 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first professional APCs encountered by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia during infection. Using an established mouse bone marrow-derived DC line, we show that DCs control chlamydial infection in multiple small inclusions characterized by restricted bacterial growth, impaired cytosolic export of the virulence factor chlamydial protease-like activity factor, and interaction with guanylate-binding protein 1, a host cell factor involved in the initiation of autophagy. During maturation of infected DCs, chlamydial inclusions disintegrate, likely because they lack chlamydial protease-like activity factor-mediated protection. Released cytosolic Chlamydia are taken up by autophagosomes and colocalize with cathepsin-positive amphisomal vacuoles, to which peptide transporter TAP and upregulated MHC class I (MHC I) are recruited. Chlamydial Ags are subsequently generated through routes involving preprocessing in amphisomes via cathepsins and entry into the cytosol for further processing by the proteasome. Finally, bacterial peptides are reimported into the endosomal pathway for loading onto recycling MHC I. Thus, we unravel a novel pathway of MHC I-mediated cross-presentation that is initiated with a host cellular attack physically disrupting the parasitophorous vacuole, involves autophagy to collect cytosolic organisms into autophagosomes, and concludes with complex multistep antigenic processing in separate cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Fiegl
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
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30
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Lorente E, García R, Mir C, Barriga A, Lemonnier FA, Ramos M, López D. Role of metalloproteases in vaccinia virus epitope processing for transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-independent human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B7 class I antigen presentation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9990-10000. [PMID: 22298786 PMCID: PMC3323003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates the viral proteolytic peptides generated by the proteasome and other proteases in the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. There, they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are subsequently recognized by the CD8(+) lymphocyte cellular response. However, individuals with nonfunctional TAP complexes or tumor or infected cells with blocked TAP molecules are able to present HLA class I ligands generated by TAP-independent processing pathways. Herein, using a TAP-independent polyclonal vaccinia virus-polyspecific CD8(+) T cell line, two conserved vaccinia-derived TAP-independent HLA-B*0702 epitopes were identified. The presentation of these epitopes in normal cells occurs via complex antigen-processing pathways involving the proteasome and/or different subsets of metalloproteinases (amino-, carboxy-, and endoproteases), which were blocked in infected cells with specific chemical inhibitors. These data support the hypothesis that the abundant cellular proteolytic systems contribute to the supply of peptides recognized by the antiviral cellular immune response, thereby facilitating immunosurveillance. These data may explain why TAP-deficient individuals live normal life spans without any increased susceptibility to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and
| | - Ruth García
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and
| | - Carmen Mir
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and
| | - Alejandro Barriga
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and
| | - François A Lemonnier
- Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Manuel Ramos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain and.
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31
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Lorente E, García R, López D. Allele-dependent processing pathways generate the endogenous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I peptide repertoire in transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38054-38059. [PMID: 21914809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.281808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) allow the supply of peptides derived from the cytosol to translocate to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. However, infected and tumor cells with TAP molecules blocked or individuals with nonfunctional TAP complexes are able to present HLA class I ligands generated by TAP-independent processing pathways. These peptides are detected by the CD8(+) lymphocyte cellular response. Here, the generation of the overall peptide repertoire associated with four different HLA class I molecules in TAP-deficient cells was studied. Using different protease inhibitors, four different proteolytic specificities were identified. These data demonstrate the different allele-dependent complex processing pathways involved in the generation of the HLA class I peptide repertoire in TAP-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorente
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ruth García
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain.
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32
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Müller S, Dennemärker J, Reinheckel T. Specific functions of lysosomal proteases in endocytic and autophagic pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:34-43. [PMID: 21767668 PMCID: PMC7105187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endolysosomal vesicles form a highly dynamic multifunctional cellular compartment that contains multiple highly potent proteolytic enzymes. Originally these proteases have been assigned to cooperate solely in executing the unselective ‘bulk proteolysis’ within the acidic milieu of the lysosome. Although to some degree this notion still holds true, evidence is accumulating for specific and regulatory functions of individual ‘acidic’ proteases in many cellular processes linked to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Here we summarize and discuss the functions of individual endolysosomal proteases in such diverse processes as the termination of growth factor signaling, lipoprotein particle degradation, infection, antigen presentation, and autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dennemärker
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Dept. of Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Institut für Molekulare Medizin und Zellforschung, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Tel.: + 49 761 203 9606; fax: + 49 761 203 9634.
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33
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Del Val M, Iborra S, Ramos M, Lázaro S. Generation of MHC class I ligands in the secretory and vesicular pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1543-52. [PMID: 21387141 PMCID: PMC11114776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T lymphocytes screen the surface of all cells in the body to detect pathogen infection or oncogenic transformation. They recognize peptides derived from cellular proteins displayed at the plasma membrane by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Peptides are mostly by-products of cytosolic proteolytic enzymes. Peptidic ligands of MHC class I molecules are also generated in the secretory and vesicular pathways. Features of protein substrates, of proteases and of available MHC class I molecules for loading peptides in these compartments shape a singular collection of ligands that also contain different, longer, and lower affinity peptides than ligands produced in the cytosol. Especially in individuals who lack the transporters associated with antigen processing, TAP, and in infected and tumor cells where TAP is blocked, which thus have no supply of peptides derived from the cytosol, MHC class I ligands generated in the secretory and vesicular pathways contribute to shaping the CD8(+) T lymphocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Del Val
- Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain,
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34
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Chemali M, Radtke K, Desjardins M, English L. Alternative pathways for MHC class I presentation: a new function for autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1533-41. [PMID: 21390546 PMCID: PMC11114914 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The classical view that endogenous antigens are processed by the proteasome and loaded on MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, while exogenous antigens taken up by endocytosis or phagocytosis are degraded and loaded on MHC class II in lysosome-derived organelles, has evolved along with the improvement of our understanding of the cell biology of antigen-presenting cells. In recent years, evidence for alternative presentation pathways has emerged. Exogenous antigens can be processed by the proteasome and loaded on MHC class I through a pathway called cross-presentation. Moreover, endogenous antigens can be targeted to lytic organelles for presentation on MHC class II through autophagy, a highly conserved cellular process of self-eating. Recent evidence indicates that the vacuolar degradation of endogenous antigens is also beneficial for presentation on MHC class I molecules. This review focuses on how various forms of autophagy participate to presentation of these antigens on MHC class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Chemali
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kerstin Radtke
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michel Desjardins
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luc English
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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35
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Grimm S, Ernst L, Grötzinger N, Höhn A, Breusing N, Reinheckel T, Grune T. Cathepsin D is one of the major enzymes involved in intracellular degradation of AGE-modified proteins. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1013-26. [PMID: 20560835 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.495127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized and cross-linked modified proteins are known to accumulate in ageing. Little is known about whether the accumulation of proteins modified by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is due to an affected intracellular degradation. Therefore, this study was designed to determine whether the intracellular enzymes cathepsin B, cathepsin D and the 20S proteasome are able to degrade AGE-modified proteins in vitro. It shows that AGE-modified albumin is degraded by cathepsin D, while cathepsin B was less effective in the degradation of aldehyde-modified albumin and the 20S proteasome was completely unable to degrade them. Mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts isolated from a cathepsin D knockout animals were found to have an extensive intracellular AGE-accumulation, mainly in lysosomes, and a reduction of AGE-modified protein degradation compared to cells isolated from wild type animals. In summary, it can be assumed that cathepsin D plays a significant role in the removal of AGE-modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grimm
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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36
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Win SJ, Ward VK, Dunbar PR, Young SL, Baird MA. Cross‐presentation of epitopes on virus‐like particles via the MHC I receptor recycling pathway. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:681-8. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Win
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Vernon K Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Baird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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37
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López D, García-Calvo M, Smith GL, Del Val M. Caspases in virus-infected cells contribute to recognition by CD8+ T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5193-9. [PMID: 20348426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize infected cells in which MHC class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides that have been processed mainly by proteasomes. Many infections induce a set of proteases, the caspases involved in apoptosis or inflammation. In this study, we report that processing and presentation of a short vaccinia virus-encoded Ag can take place also by a nonproteasomal pathway, which was blocked in infected cells with chemical inhibitors of caspases. By cleaving at noncanonical sites, at least two caspases generated antigenic peptides recognized by T lymphocytes. The sites and the peptidic products were partially overlapping but different to those used and produced by proteasomes in vitro. Antigenic natural peptides produced in infected cells by either pathway were quantitatively and qualitatively similar. Finally, coexpression of the natural vaccinia virus protein B13, which is an inhibitor of caspases and apoptosis, impaired Ag presentation by the caspase pathway in infected cells. These data support the hypothesis that numerous cellular proteolytic systems, including those induced during infection, such as caspases involved in apoptosis or in inflammation, contribute to the repertoire of presented peptides, thereby facilitating immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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38
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Leonhardt RM, Fiegl D, Rufer E, Karger A, Bettin B, Knittler MR. Post-endoplasmic reticulum rescue of unstable MHC class I requires proprotein convertase PC7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2985-98. [PMID: 20164418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The function of the peptide-loading complex (PLC) is to facilitate loading of MHC class I (MHC I) molecules with antigenic peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum and to drive the selection of these ligands toward a set of high-affinity binders. When the PLC fails to perform properly, as frequently observed in virus-infected or tumor cells, structurally unstable MHC I peptide complexes are generated, which are prone to disintegrate instead of presenting Ags to cytotoxic T cells. In this study we show that a second quality control checkpoint dependent on the serine protease proprotein convertase 7 (PC7) can rescue unstable MHC I, whereas the related convertase furin is completely dispensable. Cells with a malfunctioning PLC and silenced for PC7 have substantially reduced MHC I surface levels caused by high instability and significantly delayed surface accumulation of these molecules. Instead of acquiring stability along the secretory route, MHC I appears to get largely routed to lysosomes for degradation in these cells. Moreover, mass spectrometry analysis provides evidence that lack of PLC quality control and/or loss of PC7 expression alters the MHC I-presented peptide profile. Finally, using exogenously applied peptide precursors, we show that liberation of MHC I epitopes may directly require PC7. We demonstrate for the first time an important function for PC7 in MHC I-mediated Ag presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf M Leonhardt
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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39
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Rock KL, Farfán-Arribas DJ, Shen L. Proteases in MHC class I presentation and cross-presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:9-15. [PMID: 20028659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells that have mutated their genes or are virally infected are a potential threat to a host. Consequently, the immune system has evolved mechanisms for CD8 T lymphocytes to identify such cells and eliminate them. The generation of CD8 T cell responses occurs in two phases, both of which critically involve the process of Ag presentation. In the first phase, sentinel cells gather Ags present in tissues and then present them to naive CD8 T cells in ways that stimulate their maturation into effectors. In the second phase, these effector cells seek out and eliminate the pathological cells. The abnormal cells are identified through their presentation of immunogenic Ags that they are producing. The Ag presentation mechanisms used by the sentinel cells can be different from those in other cells. This article will review these mechanisms with a focus in each case on how antigenic peptides are generated for presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Ercan E, Momburg F, Engel U, Temmerman K, Nickel W, Seedorf M. A Conserved, Lipid-Mediated Sorting Mechanism of Yeast Ist2 and Mammalian STIM Proteins to the Peripheral ER. Traffic 2009; 10:1802-18. [PMID: 19845919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ercan
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Chen L, Jondal M. TLR9 activation increases TAP-independent vesicular MHC class I processing in vivo. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:431-8. [PMID: 19874547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation of soluble protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I by dendritic cells (DC) can occur in vesicular, endolysosomal compartments and be either dependent or independent of TAP peptide transporters. Here we investigate if an immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide can increase the activity in a TAP-independent endolysosomal vesicular pathway (el-VP) in vivo as we have earlier found in in vitro cultured DC. We use the in vivo response of CFSE labelled OT-1 T cells, transgenic for a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes an ovalbumin (OVA)-derived peptide (SIINFEKL) presented by H-2K(b), transferred into TAP1(-/-) mice, as a functional read-out for activity in the el-VP. We have found a poor OT-1 T-cell response to soluble OVA which, however, could be strongly enhanced by the simultaneous administration of CpG. This increased responsiveness required both the endolysosomal cathepsin S (CatS) and Toll like receptor (TLR)9, the CpG receptor, both of which are present in the el-VP. Confocal microscopy demonstrated a co-localization of H-2K(b)/SIINFEKL and the endolysosomal marker LAMP1 in CD11c positive DC which was markedly increased by CpG administration. No complexes were found in the ER and cis-Golgi compartments in TAP1(-/-) mice, indicating the lack of classical MHC-I processing. In DC isolated from CatS(-/-) mice the opposite was found, complexes were present in the ER but not in the el-VP. We conclude that in vivo activation of TLR9 by CpG increases the efficiency of TAP independent el-VP and that this might contribute to the potent adjuvant activity of this type of compound. The cellular mechanisms remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Medina F, Ramos M, Iborra S, de León P, Rodríguez-Castro M, Del Val M. Furin-processed antigens targeted to the secretory route elicit functional TAP1-/-CD8+ T lymphocytes in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4639-47. [PMID: 19752221 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most pathogen-derived peptides recognized by CD8+ CTL are produced by proteasomes and delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP transporters associated with Ag processing. Alternative proteases also produce antigenic peptides, but their actual relevance is unclear. There is a need to quantify the contribution of these supplementary pathways in vitro and in vivo. A well-defined TAP-independent secretory route of Ag processing involves the trans-Golgi network protease furin. Quantitation of this route by using OVA constructs encoded by vaccinia viruses indicates that it provides approximately one-third of all surface complexes of peptide and MHC class I molecules. Generation of the epitope carboxyl terminus is a dramatic rate-limiting step, since bypassing it increased efficiency by at least 1000-fold. Notably, the secretory construct activated a similar percentage of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in wild type as in TAP1-deficient mice, which allow only secretory routes but which have a 10- to 20-fold smaller CD8 compartment. Moreover, these TAP1(-/-) OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes accomplished elimination of epitope-bearing cells in vivo. The results obtained with this experimental system underscore the potential of secretory pathways of MHC class I Ag presentation to elicit functional CD8+ T lymphocytes in vivo and support the hypothesis that noncytosolic processing mechanisms may compensate in vivo for the lack of proteasome participation in Ag processing in persons genetically deficient in TAP and thus contribute to pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Medina
- Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid) E-28220, Spain
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Activation of natural killer cells by newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. J Virol 2009; 83:8108-21. [PMID: 19515783 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00211-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) selectively replicates in tumor cells and is known to stimulate T-cell-, macrophage-, and NK cell-mediated responses. The mechanisms of NK cell activation by NDV are poorly understood so far. We studied the expression of ligand structures for activating NK cell receptors on NDV-infected tumor cells. Upon infection with the nonlytic NDV strain Ulster and the lytic strain MTH-68/H, human carcinoma and melanoma cells showed enhanced expression of ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp44 and NKp46, but not NKp30. Ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D were partially downregulated. Soluble NKp44-Fc and NKp46-Fc, but not NKp30-Fc, chimeric proteins bound specifically to NDV-infected tumor cells and to NDV particle-coated plates. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of the virus serves as a ligand structure for NKp44 and NKp46, as indicated by the blockade of binding to NDV-infected cells and viral particles in the presence of anti-HN antibodies and by binding to cells transfected with HN cDNA. Consistent with the recognition of sialic acid moieties by the viral lectin HN, the binding of NKp44-Fc and NKp46-Fc was lost after desialylation. NKp44- and NKp46-CD3zeta lacZ-inducible reporter cells were activated by NDV-infected cells. NDV-infected tumor cells stimulated NK cells to produce increased amounts of the effector lymphokines gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Primary NK cells and the NK line NK-92 lysed NDV-infected tumor cells with enhanced efficiency, an effect that was eliminated by the treatment of target cells with the neuraminidase inhibitor Neu5Ac2en. These results suggest that direct activation of NK cells contributes to the antitumor effects of NDV.
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Knorr R, Karacsonyi C, Lindner R. Endocytosis of MHC molecules by distinct membrane rafts. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1584-94. [PMID: 19383725 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.039727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In B-lymphocytes, endocytosis of MHC I and MHC II molecules is important for the cross-priming and presentation of labile antigens, respectively. Here, we report that MHC I and MHC II were internalized by separate endocytic carriers that lacked transferrin receptor. Cholera toxin B was co-internalized with MHC II, but not with MHC I, suggesting that the CLIC/GEEC pathway is involved in the uptake of MHC II. Endocytosis of MHC I and MHC II was inhibited by filipin, but only MHC II showed a strong preference for a membrane raft environment in a co-clustering analysis with G(M)1. By using a novel method for the extraction of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we observed that MHC I and MHC II associate with two distinct types of DRMs. These differ in density, protein content, lipid composition, and ultrastructure. The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. Our results suggest that the preference of MHC I and MHC II for distinct membrane rafts directs them to different cellular entry points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Knorr
- Department of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Chen L, Jondal M. Brefeldin A inhibits vesicular MHC class I processing in resting but not in CpG- and disruption-activated DC. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:158-65. [PMID: 18723224 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) can process exogenous proteins for presentation on MHC class I (MHC-I) in a vesicular pathway (VP) that is distinct from the classical, cytosolic MHC-I pathway. Here we investigate the sensitivity of this VP to Brefeldin A (BFA), a fungal metabolite which inhibits vesicular trafficking by preventing the activation of some ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) proteins, in both resting and differently activated DC. The VP could be directly visualized in DC by the presence of OVA-derived H-2K(b)/SIINFEKL complexes in a LAMP1 positive, but EEA negative, compartment in wt but not in cathepsin S(-/-) mice as these are unable to process OVA into the SIINFEKL peptide in endolysosomes. BFA, which binds to specific ARF-GDP-sec7 sites, both in the Golgi and in endolysosomes, was found to bind to and inhibit the VP in resting DC. If the VP was selectively activated with an immunostimulatory CpG ODN, binding to endolysosomal TLR9 receptors, or by the mere mechanical disruption of clustered DC cells, BFA no longer had this effect. The activation of the VP with both CpG and cellular disruption was found to be dependent on the MyD88 adaptor protein. We conclude that vesicular MHC-I processing in DC occurs in ARF-regulated LAMP1 positive vesicles which, as a consequence of cellular activation, no longer can bind BFA and thus become resistant to the inhibitory effect of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Chen
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Johnstone C, Guil S, Rico MA, García-Barreno B, López D, Melero JA, Del Val M. Relevance of viral context and diversity of antigen-processing routes for respiratory syncytial virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2194-2203. [PMID: 18753229 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/002485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen processing of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein epitopes F85-93 and F249-258 presented to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) by the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Kd was studied in different viral contexts. Epitope F85-93 was presented through a classical endogenous pathway dependent on the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) when the F protein was expressed from either RSV or recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV). At least in cells infected with rVACV encoding either natural or cytosolic F protein, the proteasome was required for epitope processing. In cells infected with rVACV encoding the natural F protein, an additional endogenous TAP-independent presentation pathway was found for F85-93. In contrast, epitope F249-258 was presented only through TAP-independent pathways, but presentation was brefeldin A sensitive when the F protein was expressed from RSV, or mostly resistant when expressed from rVACV. Therefore, antigen-processing pathways with different mechanisms and subcellular localizations are accessible to individual epitopes presented by the same MHC class I molecule and processed from the same protein but in different viral contexts. This underscores both the diversity of pathways available and the influence of virus infection on presentation of epitopes to CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Johnstone
- Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guil
- Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rico
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca García-Barreno
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Melero
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Del Val
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Weinzierl A, Rudolf D, Hillen N, Tenzer S, van Endert P, Schild H, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S. Features of TAP-independent MHC class I ligands revealed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1503-10. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lin HH, Ray S, Tongchusak S, Reinherz EL, Brusic V. Evaluation of MHC class I peptide binding prediction servers: applications for vaccine research. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:8. [PMID: 18366636 PMCID: PMC2323361 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein antigens and their specific epitopes are formulation targets for epitope-based vaccines. A number of prediction servers are available for identification of peptides that bind major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. The lack of standardized methodology and large number of human MHC-I molecules make the selection of appropriate prediction servers difficult. This study reports a comparative evaluation of thirty prediction servers for seven human MHC-I molecules. Results Of 147 individual predictors 39 have shown excellent, 47 good, 33 marginal, and 28 poor ability to classify binders from non-binders. The classifiers for HLA-A*0201, A*0301, A*1101, B*0702, B*0801, and B*1501 have excellent, and for A*2402 moderate classification accuracy. Sixteen prediction servers predict peptide binding affinity to MHC-I molecules with high accuracy; correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.55 (B*0801) to r = 0.87 (A*0201). Conclusion Non-linear predictors outperform matrix-based predictors. Most predictors can be improved by non-linear transformations of their raw prediction scores. The best predictors of peptide binding are also best in prediction of T-cell epitopes. We propose a new standard for MHC-I binding prediction – a common scale for normalization of prediction scores, applicable to both experimental and predicted data. The results of this study provide assistance to researchers in selection of most adequate prediction tools and selection criteria that suit the needs of their projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang Lin
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Johnstone C, Del Val M. Traffic of proteins and peptides across membranes for immunosurveillance by CD8(+) T lymphocytes: a topological challenge. Traffic 2007; 8:1486-94. [PMID: 17822406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes kill infected cells that display major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules presenting peptides processed from pathogen proteins. In general, the peptides are proteolytically processed from newly made endogenous antigens in the cytosol and require translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for MHC class I loading. This last task is performed by the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP). Sampling of suspicious pathogen-derived proteins reaches beyond the cytosol, and MHC class I loading can occur in other secretory or endosomal compartments besides the ER. Peptides processed from exogenous antigens can also be presented by MHC class I molecules to CD8(+) T lymphocytes, in this case requiring delivery from the extracellular medium to the processing and MHC class I loading compartments. The endogenous or exogenous antigen can be processed before or after its transport to the site of MHC class I loading. Therefore, mechanisms that allow the full-length protein or processed peptides to cross several subcellular membranes are essential. This review deals with the different intracellular pathways that allow the traffic of antigens to compartments proficient in processing and loading of MHC class I molecules for presentation to CD8(+) T lymphocytes and highlights the need to molecularly identify the transporters involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Johnstone
- Unidad de Inmunología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo km 2, E-28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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