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Ah Kioon MD, Laurent P, Chaudhary V, Du Y, Crow MK, Barrat FJ. Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells response in inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:241-256. [PMID: 38553621 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into mechanisms of healthy immune responses as well as pathogenic mechanisms relevant to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, NA-containing immune complexes serve as TLR ligands, with distinct implications depending on the additional immune stimuli available. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the robust producers of type I interferon (IFN-I), are providing critical insights relevant to TLR-mediated healthy immune responses and tissue repair, as well as generation of inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis, processes central to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe recent data characterizing the role of platelets and NA-binding chemokines in modulation of TLR signaling in pDCs, as well as implications for how the IFN-I products of pDCs contribute to the generation of inflammation and wound healing responses by monocyte/macrophages. Chemokine modulators of TLR-mediated B cell tolerance mechanisms and interactions between TLR signaling and metabolic pathways are also considered. The modulators of TLR signaling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases suggest new opportunities for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paôline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Noda H, Suzuki J, Matsuoka Y, Matsumoto A, Kuwahara M, Kamei Y, Takada Y, Yamashita M. The histone demethylase Utx controls CD8 + T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity via epigenetic regulation of the effector function. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 37068788 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a central role in antitumor immune responses. Epigenetic gene regulation is essential to acquire the effector function of CD8+ T cells. However, the role of Utx, a demethylase of histone H3K27, in antitumor immunity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of Utx in effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation and the antitumor immune response. In a murine tumor-bearing model, an increased tumor size and decreased survival rate were observed in T-cell-specific Utx KO (Utx KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The number of CD8+ T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was significantly decreased in Utx KO mice. We found that the acquisition of effector function was delayed and attenuated in Utx KO CD8+ T cells. RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of effector signature genes was decreased in Utx KO effector CD8+ T cells, while the expression of naïve or memory signature genes was increased. Furthermore, the expression of Cxcr3, which is required for the migration of effector CD8+ T cells to tumor sites, was substantially decreased in Utx KO CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that Utx promotes CD8+ T-cell-dependent antitumor immune responses partially through epigenetic regulation of the effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Noda
- Breast Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuoka
- Department of Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamei
- Breast Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Takada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Murayama MA, Shimizu J, Miyabe C, Yudo K, Miyabe Y. Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100869. [PMID: 36860872 PMCID: PMC9968812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that commonly causes inflammation and bone destruction in multiple joints. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, play important roles in RA development and pathogenesis. Biological therapies targeting these cytokines have revolutionized RA therapy. However, approximately 50% of the patients are non-responders to these therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets and therapies for patients with RA. In this review, we focus on the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in RA. Inflamed tissues in RA, such as the synovium, highly express various chemokines to promote leukocyte migration, tightly controlled by chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Because the inhibition of these signaling pathways results in inflammatory response regulation, chemokines and their receptors could be promising targets for RA therapy. The blockade of various chemokines and/or their receptors has yielded prospective results in preclinical trials using animal models of inflammatory arthritis. However, some of these strategies have failed in clinical trials. Nonetheless, some blockades showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting that chemokine ligand-receptor interactions remain a promising therapeutic target for RA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudo
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kragstrup TW, Sørensen AS, Brüner M, Lomholt S, Nielsen MA, Schafer P, Deleuran B. MAPK activated kinase 2 inhibition shifts the chemokine signature in arthritis synovial fluid mononuclear cells from CXCR3 to CXCR2. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109267. [PMID: 36179420 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of novel treatment strategies of immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis (IMIA) is still a clinical unmet need. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is activated by environmental stressors, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. However, the inhibition of central MAPK proteins has so far had undesirable side effects. The MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is a downstream mediator in the MAPK signaling pathway. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the effects of a small molecule inhibiting MK2 on synovial fluid mononuclear cells from patients with IMIA. METHODS Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were obtained from a study population consisting of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with at least one swollen joint (for obtaining synovial fluid) (n = 11). SFMCs were cultured for 48 h with and without the MK2 inhibitor CC0786512 at 1000 nM, 333 nM and 111 nMand cell free supernatants were harvested and frozen before they were analyzed by the Olink proseek multiplex interferon panel. RESULTS In SFMCs cultured for 48 h, the MK2 inhibitor decreased the production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) (P < 0.001), CXCL10 (P < 0.01), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (P < 0.01), CXCL11 (P < 0.01), tumor necrosisfactor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) (P < 0.05), and interleukin 12B (IL-12B) (P < 0.05) and increased the production of CXCL5 (P < 0.0001), CXCL1 (P < 0.0001), CXCL6 (P < 0.001), transforming growthfactoralpha (TGFα) (P = 0.01), monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3) (P < 0.01), latency-associated peptide (LAP) TGFβ (P < 0.05) dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the downstream effects of MK2 inhibition on the secretory profile of SFMCs. Specifically, C-X-C motif chemokine receptors 3 (CXCR3) chemokines were decreased and CXCR2 chemokines were increased. This shift in the chemokine milieu may be one of the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory effects of MK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Diagnostic Center, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | - Mads Brüner
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Søren Lomholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Schafer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Kotschenreuther K, Yan S, Kofler DM. Migration and homeostasis of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947636. [PMID: 36016949 PMCID: PMC9398455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are garnering increased attention in research related to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by restricting effector T cell activity. Reduced functions and frequencies of Treg cells contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, a common autoimmune disease which leads to systemic inflammation and erosive joint destruction. Treg cells from patients with RA are characterized by impaired functions and by an altered phenotype. They show increased plasticity towards Th17 cells and a reduced suppressive capacity. Besides the suppressive function of Treg cells, their effectiveness is determined by their ability to migrate into inflamed tissues. In the past years, new mechanisms involved in Treg cell migration have been identified. One example of such a mechanism is the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Efficient migration of Treg cells requires the presence of VASP. IL-6, a cytokine which is abundantly present in the peripheral blood and in the synovial tissue of RA patients, induces posttranslational modifications of VASP. Recently, it has been shown in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that this IL-6 mediated posttranslational modification leads to reduced Treg cell trafficking. Another protein which facilitates Treg cell migration is G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2). It modulates G-protein coupled receptor functioning, thereby altering the cellular activity initiated by cell surface receptors in response to extracellular signals. The almost complete lack of GPSM2 in Treg cells from RA patients contributes to their reduced ability to migrate towards inflammatory sites. In this review article, we highlight the newly identified mechanisms of Treg cell migration and review the current knowledge about impaired Treg cell homeostasis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kotschenreuther
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuaifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David M. Kofler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: David M. Kofler,
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Akoolo L, Djokic V, Rocha SC, Ulloa L, Parveen N. Sciatic-Vagal Nerve Stimulation by Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Arthritis in Lyme Disease-Susceptible C3H Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930287. [PMID: 35924250 PMCID: PMC9342905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, and the pathogenesis of the disease is complex with both bacterial and host factors contributing to inflammatory responses. Lyme disease affects different organs including joints and results in arthritis. Immune responses stimulated by B. burgdorferi through toll-like receptors cause infiltration of leukocytes, which produce inflammatory cytokines and facilitate spirochete clearance. However, arthritic manifestations and chronic fatigue syndrome-like symptoms persist long after completion of antibiotic treatment regimens in a significant number of patients. To counter the effects of inflammation, treatment by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydroxychloroquine, or synovectomy to eradicate inflammatory arthritis in the involved joint could be employed; however, they often have long-term consequences. Acupuncture has been used for a long time in Asian medicine to diminish pain during various ailments, but the effects and its mechanism are just beginning to be explored. Control of inflammation by neuronal stimulation has been exploited as a systemic therapeutic intervention to arrest inflammatory processes. Our objective was to determine whether activation of the sciatic-vagal network by electroacupuncture on ST36 acupoint, which is used to control systemic inflammation in experimental models of infectious disorders such as endotoxemia, can also alleviate Lyme arthritis symptoms in mice. This aim was further strengthened by the reports that sciatic-vagal neuronal network stimulation can lead to dopamine production in the adrenal medulla and moderate the production of inflammatory factors. We first assessed whether electroacupuncture affects spirochete colonization to attenuate Lyme arthritis. Interestingly, bioluminescent B. burgdorferi burden detected by live imaging and qPCR were similar in electroacupuncture- and mock-treated mice, while electroacupuncture induced a lasting anti-inflammatory effect on mice. Despite the discontinuation of treatment at 2 weeks, the simultaneous decrease in neutrophils in the joints and inflammatory cytokine levels throughout the body at 4 weeks suggests a systemic and persistent effect of electroacupuncture that attenuates Lyme arthritis. Our results suggest that electroacupuncture-mediated anti-inflammatory responses could offer promising healthcare benefits in patients suffering from long-term Lyme disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavoisier Akoolo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Vitomir Djokic
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sandra C. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nikhat Parveen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Kiran S, Rakib A, Singh UP. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor Dapansutrile Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903834. [PMID: 35720309 PMCID: PMC9205468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS), hereafter referred together as IC, is a clinical syndrome characterized by sterile inflammation in the bladder. While the etiology and pathophysiology of IC remain unclear, it may involve autoimmunity in light of the significant role played by the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the effect of NLRP3 inhibitors including dapansutrile (Dap) on IC had not been explored previously. Here, we investigated the effect of Dap in the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced experimental mouse model of IC, which results in functional and histological alterations confined to the urinary bladder (UB) comparable to that of clinical IC. CYP-induced mice treated with Dap exhibited improved UB pathology and reductions in inflammation scores and the frequency and the number of mast cells and neutrophils, relative to mice that received CYP alone. Dap- and CYP-treated mice also exhibited infiltration of T cells in the spleen and iliac lymph nodes (ILNs) and a concurrent significant decrease (p<0.01) in CXCR3+CD8+ T cells in the UB, induction of systemic and mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), and reduced levels of systemic proinflammatory cytokines, as compared to CYP alone. We also observed decreases in the expression of several signaling pathways regulators, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), NLRP3, caspase-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the UB of CYP- and Dap-treated mice, relative to those receiving CYP alone. Taken together, these results suggest that Dap suppresses IC through the reduction of CXCR3+T cells, mast cells, and neutrophils in the UB and induces DCs as a protective measure. The present study identifies the mechanisms underlying the amelioration of IC by the NLRP3 inhibitor Dap and may provide an avenue for a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of IC.
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Prendergast CT, Benson RA, Scales HE, Bonilha CS, Cole JJ, McInnes I, Brewer JM, Garside P. Dissecting the molecular control of immune cell accumulation in the inflamed joint. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e151281. [PMID: 35192549 PMCID: PMC9057592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms governing entry and exit of immune cells into and out of inflamed joints remain poorly understood. We sought herein to identify the key molecular pathways regulating such migration. Using murine models of inflammation in conjunction with mice expressing a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, we characterized the migration of cells from joints to draining lymph nodes and performed RNA-Seq analysis on isolated cells, identifying genes associated with migration and retention. We further refined the gene list to those specific for joint inflammation. RNA-Seq data revealed pathways and genes previously highlighted as characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis in patient studies, validating the methodology. Focusing on pathways associated with cell migration, adhesion, and movement, we identified genes involved in the retention of immune cells in the inflamed joint, namely junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), and identified a role for such molecules in T cell differentiation in vivo. Thus, using a combination of cell-tracking approaches and murine models of inflammatory arthritis, we identified genes, pathways, and anatomically specific tissue signatures regulating cell migration in a variety of inflamed sites. This skin- and joint-specific data set will be an invaluable resource for the identification of therapeutic targets for arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4535-4546. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kang SE, Park JK, Yoo HJ, Kang HS, Park YW, Park BC, Park JE, Lee EY, Lee EB, Song YW. Efficacy of novel bispecific antibody targeting TNF-α/CXCL10 in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Transl Res 2021; 232:75-87. [PMID: 33453429 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at generating and investigating the efficacy of a novel monoclonal bispecific antibody (BsAb) for the combined inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and CXCL10 as a treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A novel BsAb targeting TNF-α and CXCL10 was generated by conjugating a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the anti-CXCL10 monoclonal antibody to the Fc region of adalimumab (ADA). The effects of the BsAb on the inflammatory response in the in vitro and in vivo development of arthritis and joint destruction were evaluated in human TNF transgenic (hTNF-Tg) mice, and K/BxN serum transfer arthritis models. The BsAb inhibited CXCL10-mediated CD8+ T cell migration. The binding affinity of the BsAb to TNF-α was comparable to that of ADA and suppressed TNF-α induced cell death and inhibited TNF-α induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). The BsAb decreased the expression of TNFSF11 and the production of IL-6 in RA-FLS cells stimulated with TNF-α and CXCL10. Treatment with the BsAb attenuated the development of arthritis in hTNF-Tg mice and suppressed LPS-induced bone erosion. In the K/BxN serum transfer model, BsAb effectively attenuated ankle swelling, synovial inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone destruction, reducing the activation of osteoclasts. The additional neutralization of TNF-α and CXCL10 from treatment with the novel BsAb was more effective than TNF-α inhibition alone in the in vitro and in vivo models of RA. Thus, the BsAb, targeting both TNF-α and CXCL10, may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for RA patients who fail to respond to the blockade of a single cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Eui Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Du Y, Yan H, Zou S, Khera T, Li J, Han M, Yang X, Wang B, Liu J, Sun S, Zheng X, Dittmer U, Lu M, Yang D, Wedemeyer H, Wu J. Natural Killer Cells Regulate the Maturation of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Thereby Promoting Intrahepatic T-Cell Responses in a Mouse Model. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:865-881. [PMID: 34027274 PMCID: PMC8122378 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional maturation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) plays an important role in intrahepatic T-cell activation and control of viral infections. Natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to prompt the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially for dendritic cells (DCs), but the interaction between NK cells and LSECs is elusive. Here, we investigated whether and how NK cells are involved in regulating LSEC maturation and if this has a role in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a mouse model. A chronic HBV replication mouse model was established by hydrodynamic injection (HI) of 6 µg adeno-associated virus plasmid (pAAV)/HBV 1.2. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) ligand diaminopemelic acid (DAP) was imported into liver by HI at day 14 after plasmid injection. We found that HI of DAP recruited conventional NK cells (cNK) into the liver and promoted tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of NK cells in a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3)-dependent manner. Importantly, the maturation of LSECs and the anti-HBV effects of DAP were impaired in CXCR3-/- mice; this possibly was associated with the decreased number of intrahepatic cNK cells. Consistently, depleting cNK cells but not liver-resident NK cells also impaired the maturation and antigen-presenting function of LSECs, which reduced intrahepatic HBV-specific T-cell responses and thus inhibited HBV clearance both in wild-type and in Rag1-/- mice. Moreover, TNF-α or IFN-γ stimulation as well as coculture with intrahepatic NK cells partly promoted LSEC phenotypic and functional maturation in vitro. Conclusion: NOD1-triggered NK cell activation may lead to the enhancement of intrahepatic T-cell responses by promoting maturation of LSECs through soluble cytokines and cell-cell contact, thereby controlling HBV replication and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research GroupState Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Meihong Han
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuilin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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13
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Drevinge C, Scheffler JM, Koro-Arvidsson C, Sundh D, Carlsten H, Gjertsson I, Lindholm C, Lorentzon M, Rudin A, Ekwall AKH, Islander U. Intermediate monocytes correlate with CXCR3+ Th17 cells but not with bone characteristics in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249205. [PMID: 33770137 PMCID: PMC7996983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with development of generalized osteoporosis. Bone-degrading osteoclasts are derived from circulating precursor cells of monocytic lineage, and the intermediate monocyte population is important as osteoclast precursors in inflammatory conditions. T cells of various subsets are critical in the pathogenesis of both RA and associated osteoporosis, but so far, no studies have examined associations between circulating intermediate monocytes, T cell subsets and bone characteristics in patients with RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of intermediate monocytes in patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis (ueRA) compared to healthy controls (HC), and to explore the correlation between intermediate monocytes and a comprehensive panel of T helper cell subsets, bone density and bone microarchitecture in ueRA patients. METHODS 78 patients with ueRA fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria were included and compared to 29 age- and sex-matched HC. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before start of treatment and proportions of monocyte subsets and CD4+ helper and regulatory T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bone densitometry was performed on 46 of the ueRA patients at inclusion using DXA and HR-pQCT. RESULTS Flow cytometric analyses showed that the majority of ueRA patients had frequencies of intermediate monocytes comparable to HC. The intermediate monocyte population correlated positively with CXCR3+ Th17 cells in ueRA patients but not in HC. However, neither the proportions of intermediate monocytes nor CXCR3+ Th17 cells were associated with bone density or bone microarchitecture measurements. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in early RA, the intermediate monocytes do not correlate with bone characteristics, despite positive correlation with circulating CXCR3+ Th17 cells. Future longitudinal studies in patients with longer disease duration are required to fully explore the potential of intermediate monocytes to drive bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Drevinge
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia M Scheffler
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catalin Koro-Arvidsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sundh
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lindholm
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Hultgård Ekwall
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Sadeghian-Rizi T, Behdani M, Khanahmad H, Sadeghi HM, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Generation and Characterization of a Functional Nanobody Against Inflammatory Chemokine CXCL10, as a Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:141-148. [PMID: 30426906 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181114134518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Chemokines and their receptors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, infectious diseases, and also in cancer metastasis via attraction of the pathogenic immune cells into the inflammation sites. METHODS Inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 as a T helper (Th)1-chemokine directs chemotaxis of many cell subsets especially Th1 into the central nervous system (CNS) via its receptor CXCR3 and it has been put forward as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Nanobodies are the smallest intact antigen binding fragments derived from heavy chain-only antibodies occurring in camelids with unique biochemical and biophysical features which render them superior to conventional antibodies or antibody fragments. Here, we describe the generation, selection, and characterization of CXCL10-specific Nanobodies from camel immunized with CXCL10. The obtained Nanobodies displayed high affinity towards CXCL10 about 10-11-10-8 M. RESULTS Then a Nanobody with the highest affinity named 3Nb12 was selected and investigated as a migration inhibitor of CXCR3+ cells. Chemotaxis assay results showed that 3Nb12 blocked CXCL10- CXCR3 binding and potently inhibited chemotaxis of CXCR3-transfected HEK293T cells. CONCLUSION The nanobody 3Nb12 might be a promising specific and powerful blocking agent of CXCL10 function, which can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadeghian-Rizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirmohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Qin C, Liu H, Tang B, Cao M, Yu Z, Liu B, Liu W, Dong Y, Ren H. In Vitro Immunological Effects of CXCR3 Inhibitor AMG487 on Dendritic Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:11. [PMID: 32239302 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AMG 487 is the targeted blocker of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and improves inflammatory symptoms by blocking the inflammatory cycle. Here we investigated whether AMG 487 affects dendritic cell (DC) biology and function. The expression of co-stimulatory markers on DCs was reduced, indicating the semi-mature state of DC when AMG 487 was added throughout the in vitro differentiation period. Additionally, when added solely during the final lipopolysaccharide-induced activation step, AMG 487 inhibited DC activation, as demonstrated by a decreased expression of activation markers. AMG487 also promoted the expression of PD-L2 and impaired the ability to induce antigen-specific T cell responses. Our results demonstrated that AMG 487 significantly affects DC maturity in vitro and function leading to impaired T cell activation, inducing DCs to have characteristics similar to tolerogenic DCs. AMG 487 may directly play an immunomodulatory role during DC development and functional shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qin
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Beichen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yujun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hanyun Ren
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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16
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Ito T, Suzuki T, Funakoshi A, Fujiyama T, Tokura Y. CCR5 is a novel target for the treatment of experimental alopecia areata. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Atsuko Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Toshiharu Fujiyama
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
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17
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Paparo SR, Antonelli A. Th1 Chemokines in Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5683662. [PMID: 31863667 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review these chemokines in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and Addison's disease (AAD). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, searching for the above-mentioned chemokines in combination with AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thyroid follicular cells in AT and GD, retroorbital cells in TED (fibroblasts, preadipocytes, myoblasts), β cells and islets in T1D, and adrenal cells in AAD respond to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation producing large amounts of these chemokines. Furthermore, lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are in part responsible for the secreted Th1 chemokines. In AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD, the circulating levels of these chemokines have been shown to be high. Furthermore, these chemokines have been associated with the early phases of the autoimmune response in all the above-mentioned disorders. High levels of these chemokines have been associated also with the "active phase" of the disease in GD, and also in TED. Other studies have shown an association with the severity of hypothyroidism in AD, of hyperthyroidism in GD, with severity of TED, or with fulminant T1D. CONCLUSION The reviewed data have shown the importance of the Th1 immune response in different endocrine autoimmune diseases, and many studies have suggested that CXCR3 and its chemokines might be considered as potential targets of new drugs for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Elemam NM, Hannawi S, Maghazachi AA. Role of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:43-56. [PMID: 32211348 PMCID: PMC7074856 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s243636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases and a prototypic inflammatory disease, affecting the small joints of the hands and feet. Chemokines and chemokine receptors play a critical role in RA pathogenesis via immune cells recruitment. Several chemokines and chemokine receptors are abundant in the peripheral blood and in the local inflamed joints of RA. Furthermore, synthetic and biologics disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs have been reported to affect chemokines expression. Thus, many studies have focused on targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors, where some have shown positive promising results. However, most of the chemokine blockers in human trials of RA treatment displayed some failures that can be attributed to several reasons in their structures and binding affinities. Nevertheless, targeting chemokines will continue to be under development, in order to improve their therapeutic potentials in RA and other autoimmune diseases. In this review we provide an up-to-date knowledge regarding the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in RA with an emphasis on their activities on immune cells. We also discussed the effects of drugs targeting those molecules in RA. This knowledge might provide impetus for developing new therapeutic modalities to treat this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention, Department of Rheumatology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Kuranobu T, Mokuda S, Oi K, Tokunaga T, Yukawa K, Kohno H, Yoshida Y, Hirata S, Sugiyama E. Activin A Expressed in Rheumatoid Synovial Cells Downregulates TNFα-Induced CXCL10 Expression and Osteoclastogenesis. Pathobiology 2020; 87:198-207. [PMID: 32126552 DOI: 10.1159/000506260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activin A is known to be highly expressed in rheumatoid synovium. In the present study, we investigated the effect of inflammatory cytokines on activin A production and its role in rheumatoid inflammation using freshly prepared rheumatoid synovial cells (fresh-RSC). METHODS Fresh-RSC from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were obtained and stimulated with multiple cytokines for activin A production. Gene expression levels of activin A and inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure activin A and CXCL10 in culture supernatants. The osteoclasts generated from human peripheral monocytes by RANKL stimulation were identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and bone resorption assay using Osteo plate. The expression levels of NFATc1 and cathepsin K, critical intracellular proteins for osteoclastogenesis, were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Activin A production in fresh-RSC was markedly enhanced by the synergistic effect of TGF-β1 with inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Activin A inhibited TNFα-induced CXCL10, an important chemoattractant for pathogen-activated T cells and monocytes of osteoclast precursors, but it did not affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, activin A directly inhibited the expression of NFATc1 and cathepsin K, as well as osteoclast formation in human samples. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that TGF-β1 is involved in the expression of activin A at inflamed joints. Activin A mainly exerts an anti-inflammatory action, which prevents joint damage via the regulation of CXCL10 and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuomi Kuranobu
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Oi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Tokunaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yukawa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kohno
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirata
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan,
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20
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Piper CJM, Rosser EC, Oleinika K, Nistala K, Krausgruber T, Rendeiro AF, Banos A, Drozdov I, Villa M, Thomson S, Xanthou G, Bock C, Stockinger B, Mauri C. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Contributes to the Transcriptional Program of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1878-1892.e7. [PMID: 31722204 PMCID: PMC6856759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) play a critical role in the control of autoimmunity and inflammation. IL-10 production is the hallmark for the identification of Bregs. However, the molecular determinants that regulate the transcription of IL-10 and control the Breg developmental program remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates the differentiation and function of IL-10-producing CD19+CD21hiCD24hiBregs and limits their differentiation into B cells that contribute to inflammation. Chromatin profiling and transcriptome analyses show that loss of AhR in B cells reduces expression of IL-10 by skewing the differentiation of CD19+CD21hiCD24hiB cells into a pro-inflammatory program, under Breg-inducing conditions. B cell AhR-deficient mice develop exacerbated arthritis, show significant reductions in IL-10-producing Bregs and regulatory T cells, and show an increase in T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells compared with B cell AhR-sufficient mice. Thus, we identify AhR as a relevant contributor to the transcriptional regulation of Breg differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J M Piper
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK; Versus Arthritis Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at University College London, University College London Hospitals and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristine Oleinika
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kiran Nistala
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - André F Rendeiro
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matteo Villa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Scott Thomson
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Mauri
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Where to Stand with Stromal Cells and Chronic Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101257. [PMID: 31618926 PMCID: PMC6829866 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovium exercises its main function in joint homeostasis through the secretion of factors (such as lubricin and hyaluronic acid) that are critical for the joint lubrication and function. The main synovium cell components are fibroblast-like synoviocytes, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and macrophage-like synovial cells. In the synovium, cells of mesenchymal origin modulate local inflammation and fibrosis, and interact with different fibroblast subtypes and with resident macrophages. In pathologic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferate abnormally, recruit mesenchymal stem cells from subchondral bone marrow, and influence immune cell activity through epigenetic and metabolic adaptations. The resulting synovial hyperplasia leads to secondary cartilage destruction, joint swelling, and pain. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular signature and the roles of stromal cells during synovial pannus formation and rheumatoid arthritis progression.
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Khan MA, Khurana N, Ahmed RS, Umar S, Md G Sarwar AH, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Ashraf GM. Chemokines: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Suppress Autoimmune Arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2937-2946. [PMID: 31580792 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins that induce chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, which mainly depends on the recognition of a chemo-attractant gradient and interaction with the substratum. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), abundant chemokines are expressed in synovial tissue, cause inflammatory cells migration into the inflamed joint that necessitates the formation of new blood vessels i.e. angiogenesis. Over the decades, studies showed that continuous inflammation may lead to the loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability and cartilage destruction. In spite of the advancement of modern drug therapy, thousands of arthritic patients suffer mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA. METHODS This review is carried out throughout a non-systematic search of the accessible literature, will provide an overview of the current information of chemokine in RA and also exploring the future perspective of the vital role of targeting chemokine in RA treatment. RESULTS Since, chemokines are associated with inflammatory cells/leucocyte migration at the site of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and hence, blockade or interference with chemokines activity showing a potential approach for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Currently, results obtained from both preclinical and clinical studies showed significant improvement in arthritis. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the role of chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of RA and also indicates possible interactions of chemokines/receptors with various synthetic and natural compounds that may be used as a potential therapeutic target in the future for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Nikhil Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Rafat S Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Sadiq Umar
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois, Clinical Science Building (CSB), Chicago, IL-60612, United States
| | - Abu H Md G Sarwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Qamre Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Cen S, Wang P, Xie Z, Yang R, Li J, Liu Z, Wang S, Wu X, Liu W, Li M, Tang S, Shen H, Wu Y. Autophagy enhances mesenchymal stem cell-mediated CD4 + T cell migration and differentiation through CXCL8 and TGF-β1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 31443687 PMCID: PMC6708254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Stress conditions affect immune-mediated treatment and activate autophagy in MSCs. However, whether autophagy affects the MSC-mediated recruitment and differentiation of CD4+ T cells remains elusive. METHODS MSCs were pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin to regulate autophagy, and then co-cultured with CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cell migration and differentiation were detected by flow cytometry. Further, gene expression levels of well-known chemokines were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blot analysis were performed to detect C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 protein levels. An exogenous antibody and short hairpin RNA were used to regulate CXCL8 and TGF-β1 levels, which enabled us to evaluate how autophagy affected MSC-mediated CD4+ T cell migration and differentiation. RESULTS 3-MA inhibited autophagy in MSCs, which was activated by rapamycin. Rapamycin increased the migration of CD4+ T cells, whereas 3-MA decreased their migration. Mechanistically, we found that autophagy strengthened CXCL8 secretion, and the addition of exogenous CXCL8 and an anti-CXCL8 antibody eliminated the difference of CD4+ T cell migration among groups. Further, the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) cells was increased in rapamycin-pretreated MSCs, but the ratio of T helper 1 (Th1) cells was decreased, while pretreatment of MSCs with 3-MA induced the opposite effect compared with the control group. TGF-β1 overexpression and knockdown using lentiviruses rectified the differences in the ratios of Treg and Th1 cells among the groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that autophagy of mesenchymal stem cells mediates CD4+ T cell migration and differentiation through CXCL8 and TGF-β1, respectively. These results provide a potential new strategy for improving MSC-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shen Nan Road, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shen Nan Road, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Su'an Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253# Industry Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shen Nan Road, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Bakheet SA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Alhoshani AR, Gul G, Al-Qahtani QH, Albekairi NA, Ibrahim KE, Ahmad SF. CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and progression by shifting the Th17/Treg cell balance. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109395. [PMID: 31449849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by uncontrolled joint inflammation and damage to bone and cartilage. Previous studies have shown that chemokine receptors have important roles in RA development, and that blocking these receptors effectively inhibits RA progression. Our study was undertaken to investigate the role of AMG487, a selective CXCR3 antagonist, in DBA/1J mice bearing collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Following induction of CIA, animals were treated with 5 mg/kg AMG487 intraperitoneally every 48 h, starting from day 21 until day 41 and evaluated for clinical score, and histological hallmarks of arthritic inflammation. We further investigated the effect of AMG487 on Th1 (T-bet), Th17 (IL-17A, RORγt, STAT3), Th22 (IL-22), and T regulatory (Treg; Foxp3 and IL-10) cells in splenic CXCR3+ and CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. We also assessed the effect of AMG487 on T-bet, RORγt, IL-17A, IL-22, Foxp3, and IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of knee samples. The severity of clinical scores, and histological inflammatory damage decreased significantly in AMG487-treated compared with CIA control mice. Moreover, the percentage of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells decreased significantly and that of Treg cells increased in AMG487-treated mice. We further observed that AMG487-treatment downregulated T-bet, IL-17A, RORγt, and IL-22, whereas it upregulated Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA and protein levels. This study demonstrates the antiarthritic effects of AMG487 in CIA animal model and supports the development of CXCR3 antagonists as a novel strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and arthritic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali R Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gazala Gul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Q H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Aota K, Yamanoi T, Kani K, Nakashiro KI, Ishimaru N, Azuma M. Inverse correlation between the number of CXCR3+macrophages and the severity of inflammatory lesions in Sjögren's syndrome salivary glands: A pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:710-718. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamanoi
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Koichi Kani
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima Japan
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26
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Disruption of CXCR3 function impedes the development of Sjögren's syndrome-like xerostomia in non-obese diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2018; 98:620-628. [PMID: 29348563 PMCID: PMC7650019 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays an important role in T cell recruitment in various immune responses and autoimmune diseases. Expression of CXCR3 ligands, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, is elevated in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). To elucidate whether interaction between CXCR3 and its ligands is required for the development of SS, we administrated an anti-CXCR3 blocking antibody (CXCR3-173) to the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a well-defined model of SS, during the stage prior to disease onset. Treatment with this anti-CXCR3 antibody significantly improved salivary secretion, indicating a remission of SS clinical manifestation. Anti-CXCR3 treatment did not affect the gross leukocyte infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs) as assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. However, flow cytometric analysis showed that anti-CXCR3 treatment markedly reduced the percentage of CXCR3+CD8 T and CXCR3+CD44+CD8 T cells, without affecting that of CXCR3+CD4 T and CXCR3+CD44+CD4 T cells in the SMGs and submandibular lymph nodes, suggesting a preferential effect of this anti-CXCR3 treatment on CXCR3-expressing effector CD8 T cells. Meanwhile, SMG expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α was markedly diminished by anti-CXCR3 treatment. In accordance, anti-CXCR3 significantly enhanced SMG expression of tight junction protein claudin-1 and water channel protein aquaporin 5, two molecules that are crucial for normal salivary secretion and can be down-regulated by TNF-α. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the interaction between the endogenous CXCR3 and its ligands plays a pro-inflammatory and pathogenic role in the development of SS-like xerostomia in the NOD mouse model.
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27
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Oja AE, Piet B, Helbig C, Stark R, van der Zwan D, Blaauwgeers H, Remmerswaal EBM, Amsen D, Jonkers RE, Moerland PD, Nolte MA, van Lier RAW, Hombrink P. Trigger-happy resident memory CD4 + T cells inhabit the human lungs. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:654-667. [PMID: 29139478 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) reside in the lung epithelium and mediate protective immunity against respiratory pathogens. Although lung CD8+ TRM have been extensively characterized, the properties of CD4+ TRM remain unclear. Here we determined the transcriptional signature of CD4+ TRM, identified by the expression of CD103, retrieved from human lung resection material. Various tissue homing molecules were specifically upregulated on CD4+ TRM, whereas expression of tissue egress and lymph node homing molecules were low. CD103+ TRM expressed low levels of T-bet, only a small portion expressed Eomesodermin (Eomes), and although the mRNA levels for Hobit were increased, protein expression was absent. On the other hand, the CD103+ TRM showed a Notch signature. CD4+CD103+ TRM constitutively expressed high transcript levels of numerous cytotoxic mediators that was functionally reflected by a fast recall response, magnitude of cytokine production, and a high degree of polyfunctionality. Interestingly, the superior cytokine production appears to be because of an accessible interferon-γ (IFNγ) locus and was partially because of rapid translation of preformed mRNA. Our studies provide a molecular understanding of the maintenance and potential function of CD4+ TRM in the human lung. Understanding the specific properties of CD4+ TRM is required to rationally improve vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Piet
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Helbig
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D van der Zwan
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Blaauwgeers
- Department of Pathology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - D Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R E Jonkers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P D Moerland
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Nolte
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Kim B, Lee JH, Jin WJ, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. JN-2, a C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 antagonist, ameliorates arthritis progression in an animal model. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Gu SM, Park MH, Yun HM, Han SB, Oh KW, Son DJ, Yun JS, Hong JT. CCR5 knockout suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15382-93. [PMID: 26985768 PMCID: PMC4941248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which myelin in the spinal cord is damaged. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is implicated in immune cell migration and cytokine release in central nervous system (CNS). We investigated whether CCR5 plays a role in MS progression using a murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in CCR5 deficient (CCR5-/-) mice. CCR5-/- and CCR5+/+ (wild-type) mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) followed by pertussis toxin, after which EAE paralysis was scored for 28 days. We found that clinical scoring and EAE neuropathology were lower in CCR5-/- mice than CCR5+/+ mice. Immune cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B cell, NK cell and macrophages) infiltration and astrocytes/microglial activation were attenuated in CCR5-/- mice. Moreover, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1 cytokine levels were decreased in CCR5-/- mice spinal cord. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and CNPase were increased while NG2 and O4 were decreased in CCR5-/- mice, indicating that demyelination was suppressed by CCR5 gene deletion. These findings suggest that CCR5 is likely participating in demyelination in the spinal cord the MS development, and that it could serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Yun
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Suk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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30
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Dyskova T, Gallo J, Kriegova E. The Role of the Chemokine System in Tissue Response to Prosthetic By-products Leading to Periprosthetic Osteolysis and Aseptic Loosening. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28883822 PMCID: PMC5573717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of total joint replacements are performed annually worldwide, and the number is increasing every year. The overall proportion of patients achieving a successful outcome is about 80–90% in a 10–20-years time horizon postoperatively, periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL) being the most frequent reasons for knee and hip implant failure and reoperations. The chemokine system (chemokine receptors and chemokines) is crucially involved in the inflammatory and osteolytic processes leading to PPOL/AL. Thus, the modulation of the interactions within the chemokine system may influence the extent of PPOL. Indeed, recent studies in murine models reported that (i) blocking the CCR2–CCL2 or CXCR2–CXCL2 axis or (ii) activation of the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis attenuate the osteolysis of artificial joints. Importantly, chemokines, inhibitory mutant chemokines, antagonists of chemokine receptors, or neutralizing antibodies to the chemokine system attached to or incorporated into the implant surface may influence the tissue responses and mitigate PPOL, thus increasing prosthesis longevity. This review summarizes the current state of the art of the knowledge of the chemokine system in human PPOL/AL. Furthermore, the potential for attenuating cell trafficking to the bone–implant interface and influencing tissue responses through modulation of the chemokine system is delineated. Additionally, the prospects of using immunoregenerative biomaterials (including chemokines) for the prevention of failed implants are discussed. Finally, this review highlights the need for a more sophisticated understanding of implant debris-induced changes in the chemokine system to mitigate this response effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Dyskova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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31
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Lee JH, Kim B, Jin WJ, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. Pathogenic roles of CXCL10 signaling through CXCR3 and TLR4 in macrophages and T cells: relevance for arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:163. [PMID: 28724396 PMCID: PMC5518115 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled joint inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage. We previously reported that C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10; also called IP-10) has important roles in joint inflammation and bone destruction in arthritis. However, the specific mechanisms by which CXCL10 regulates the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the production of osteoclastogenic cytokines in RA progression are not fully understood. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages and CD4+ T cells were isolated from wild-type (WT), Cxcl10 -/-, and Cxcr3 -/- mice. CXCL10-induced migration was performed using a Boyden chamber, and CXCL10-stimulated production of osteoclastogenic cytokines was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced by administration of collagen type II antibodies and lipopolysaccharide to the mice. Clinical scores were analyzed and hind paws were collected for high-resolution micro-CT, and histomorphometry. Serum was used to assess bone turnover and levels of osteoclastogenic cytokines. RESULTS CXCL10 increased the migration of inflammatory cells through C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-mediated, but not toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated, ERK activation. Interestingly, both receptors CXCR3 and TLR4 were simultaneously required for CXCL10-stimulated production of osteoclastogenic cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, calcineurin-dependent NFATc1 activation was essential for CXCL10-induced RANKL expression. In vivo, F4/80+ macrophages and CD4+ T cells robustly infiltrated into synovium of WT mice with CAIA but were significantly reduced in both Cxcl10 -/- and Cxcr3 -/- mice. Serum concentrations of osteoclastogenic cytokines and bone destruction were also reduced in the knockout mice, leading to attenuated progression of arthritis. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of CXCL10 signaling in the pathogenesis of RA and provide previously unidentified details of the mechanisms by which CXCL10 promotes the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Lee
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Clinical Research Division, Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Self-reactive B and T lymphocytes cooperate to promote antibody responses against self proteins and are major drivers of disease. T lymphocytes also promote RA independently of B lymphocytes mainly through the production of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, that promote pathology. While the innate signals that initiate self-reactive adaptive immune responses are poorly understood, the disease is predominantly caused by inflammatory cellular infiltration and accumulation in articular tissues, and by bone erosions driven by bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of multiple myeloid cells that require short-range signals, such as the cytokines MCSF and RANKL, for undergoing differentiation. The recruitment and positioning of osteoclast precursors to sites of osteoclast differentiation by chemoattractants is an important point of control for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Recently, the GPCR EBI2 and its oxysterol ligand 7a, 25 dihydroxycholesterol, were identified as important regulators of osteoclast precursor positioning in proximity to bone surfaces and of osteoclast differentiation under homeostasis. In chronic inflammatory diseases like RA, osteoclast differentiation is also driven by inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa and IL-1, and can occur independently of RANKL. Finally, there is growing evidence that the chemotactic signals guiding osteoclast precursors to inflamed articular sites contribute to disease and are of great interest. Furthering our understanding of the complex osteoimmune cell interactions should provide new avenues of therapeutic intervention for RA.
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Gregor CE, Foeng J, Comerford I, McColl SR. Chemokine-Driven CD4 + T Cell Homing: New Concepts and Recent Advances. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:119-181. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pharmacological opportunities to control inflammatory diseases through inhibition of the leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Venkatesha SH, Dudics S, Astry B, Moudgil KD. Control of autoimmune inflammation by celastrol, a natural triterpenoid. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw059. [PMID: 27405485 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a bioactive compound derived from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs of the Celastraceae family. Celastrol is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Our studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory attributes of celastrol in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA), an experimental model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial lining of the joints, leading eventually to tissue damage and deformities. Identification of the molecular targets of celastrol such as the NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, JAK/STAT pathway and RANKL/OPG pathway has unraveled its strategic checkpoints in controlling arthritic inflammation and tissue damage in AA. The pathological events that are targeted and rectified by celastrol include increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; an imbalance between pathogenic T helper 17 and regulatory T cells; enhanced production of chemokines coupled with increased migration of immune cells into the joints; and increased release of mediators of osteoclastic bone damage. Accordingly, celastrol is a promising candidate for further testing in the clinic for RA therapy. Furthermore, the results of other preclinical studies suggest that celastrol might also be beneficial for the treatment of a few other autoimmune diseases besides arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad H Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven Dudics
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian Astry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Chen Y, Zhou S, Jiang Z, Wang X, Liu Y. Chemokine receptor CXCR3 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): cloning, characterization and its responses to lipopolysaccharide. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:659-671. [PMID: 26585996 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3, a member of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily, regulates the responses of many immune responses. In this experiment, we cloned and characterized the cDNA of CXCR3 in Scophthalmus maximus (turbot). A 5'-UTR of 216-bp, a 259-bp 3'-UTR with a poly (A) tail and a 1089-bp CDS encoding 362 amino acids form the cDNA of CXCR3, which is 1564-bp long. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that turbot CXCR3 shared a high similarity with other CXCR3s and shared more similarity with CXCR5 than the other subfamilies of chemokines. The CXCR3 protein in turbot showed the highest similarity with the CXCR3b from rainbow trout (44.5%), which indicated that this CXCR3 gene/protein may be a CXCR3b isoform. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CXCR3 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all the tissues of the non-injected turbot used in this study, with the highest expression occurring in blood. Several immune-related tissues of fish, such as the spleen, head kidney, liver and blood, tissues, which were abundant of lymphocyte, were investigated in this study. CXCR3 gene was expressed at the highest level in blood than the other tested tissues. The injection experiment suggested that the CXCR3 expression level after LPS injection was significantly up-regulated in all immune-related tissues in turbot. These results improve our understanding of the functions of CXCR3 in the turbot immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Choi J, Selmi C, Leung PSC, Kenny TP, Roskams T, Gershwin ME. Chemokine and chemokine receptors in autoimmunity: the case of primary biliary cholangitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:661-72. [PMID: 26821815 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1147956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines represent a major mediator of innate immunity and play a key role in the selective recruitment of cells during localized inflammatory responses. Beyond critical extracellular mediators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines and their cognate receptors are expressed by a variety of resident and infiltrating cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells, and NKT cells). Chemokines represent ideal candidates for mechanistic studies (particularly in murine models) to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and possibly become biomarkers of disease. Nonetheless, therapeutic approaches targeting chemokines have led to unsatisfactory results in rheumatoid arthritis, while biologics against pro-inflammatory cytokines are being used worldwide with success. In this comprehensive review we will discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of chemokines and their specific receptors in mediating the effector cell response, utilizing the autoimmune/primary biliary cholangitis setting as a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjung Choi
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA.,b Division of Rheumatology , CHA University Medical Center , Bundang , Korea
| | - Carlo Selmi
- c Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy.,d BIOMETRA Department , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Thomas P Kenny
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Tania Roskams
- e Translational Cell and Tissue Research , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
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Admas TH, Bernat V, Heinrich MR, Tschammer N. Development of Photoactivatable Allosteric Modulators for the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:575-84. [PMID: 26880380 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The CXCR3 receptor, a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is involved in the regulation and trafficking of various immune cells. CXCR3 antagonists have been proposed to be beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including but not limited to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The structure-based design of CXCR3 ligands remains, however, hampered by a lack of structural information describing in detail the interactions between an allosteric ligand and the receptor. We designed and synthesized photoactivatable probes for the structural and functional characterization, using photoaffinity labeling followed by mass spectrometry, of the CXCR3 allosteric binding pocket of AMG 487 and RAMX3, two potent and selective CXCR3 negative allosteric modulators. Photoaffinity labeling is a common approach to elucidate binding modes of small-molecule ligands of GPCRs through the aid of photoactivatable probes that convert to extremely reactive intermediates upon photolysis. The photolabile probe N-[({1-[3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-{1-[4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl}piperidin-4-yl)methyl]acetamide (10) showed significant labeling of the CXCR3 receptor (80%) in a [(3) H]RAMX3 radioligand displacement assay. Compound 10 will serve as an important tool compound for the detailed investigation of the binding pocket of CXCR3 by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizita Haimanot Admas
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viachaslau Bernat
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 3A1, 33458, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany. .,NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, 81369, München, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro NANKI
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine
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Szekanecz Z, Koch AE. Successes and failures of chemokine-pathway targeting in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:5-13. [PMID: 26607389 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis underlying the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Numerous chemokines, along with both conventional and atypical cell-surface chemokine receptors, are found in inflamed synovia. Preclinical studies carried out in animal models of arthritis involving agents targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors have yielded promising results. However, most human trials of treatment of RA with antibodies and synthetic compounds targeting chemokine signalling have failed to show clinical improvements. Chemokines can have overlapping actions, and their activities can be altered by chemical modification or proteolytic degradation. Effective targeting of chemokine pathways must take acount of these properties, and can also require high levels of receptor occupancy by therapeutic agents to prevent signalling. CCR1 is a promising target for chemokine-receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4004, Hungary
| | - Alisa E Koch
- University of Michigan Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are known to play important roles in disease. More than 40 chemokine ligands and 20 chemokine receptors have been identified, but, to date, only two small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists have been approved by the FDA. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 was identified in 1996, and nearly 20 years later, new areas of CXCR3 disease biology continue to emerge. Several classes of small molecule CXCR3 antagonists have been developed, and two have shown efficacy in preclinical models of inflammatory disease. However, only one CXCR3 antagonist has been evaluated in clinical trials, and there remain many opportunities to further investigate known classes of CXCR3 antagonists and to identify new chemotypes. This Perspective reviews the known CXCR3 antagonists and considers future opportunities for the development of small molecules for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Andrews
- Heptares Therapeutics , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED , Pepparedsleden, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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Kolatat K, Perino G, Wilner G, Kaplowitz E, Ricciardi BF, Boettner F, Westrich GH, Jerabek SA, Goldring SR, Purdue PE. Adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) associated with corrosion products in metal-on-metal and dual modular neck total hip replacements is associated with upregulation of interferon gamma-mediated chemokine signaling. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1487-97. [PMID: 25940887 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) associated with tribocorrosion following total hip arthroplasty (THA) have become a significant clinical concern in recent years. In particular, implants featuring metal-on-metal bearing surfaces and modular femoral stems have been reported to result in elevated rates of ALTR. These tribocorrosion-related tissue reactions are characterized by marked necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, which contrasts sharply with the macrophagic and foreign body giant cell inflammation associated with polyethylene wear particle induced peri-implant osteolysis. In this study, we characterize tribocorrosion-associated ALTR at a molecular level. Gene expression profiling of peri-implant tissue around failing implants identifies upregulation of numerous inflammatory mediators in ALTR, including several interferon gamma inducible factors, most notably the chemokines MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10. This expression profile is distinct from that associated with polyethylene wear induced osteolysis, which is characterized by induction of markers of alternative macrophage activation, such as chitotriosidase (CHIT-1). Importantly, MIG/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 are also elevated at the protein level in the synovial fluid and, albeit more moderately, the serum, of ALTR patients, raising the possibility that these factors may serve as circulating biomarkers for the early detection of ALTR in at-risk patients.
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Laragione T, Cheng KF, Tanner MR, He M, Beeton C, Al-Abed Y, Gulko PS. The cation channel Trpv2 is a new suppressor of arthritis severity, joint damage, and synovial fibroblast invasion. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:183-92. [PMID: 25869297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the regulation of arthritis severity and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) have a central role in joint damage and express increased levels of the cation channel Trpv2. We aimed at determining the role of Trpv2 in arthritis. Treatment with Trpv2-specific agonists decreased the in vitro invasiveness of FLS from RA patients and arthritic rats and mice. Trpv2 stimulation suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3. Trpv2 agonists, including the new and more potent LER13, significantly reduced disease severity in KRN serum- and collagen-induced arthritis, and reduced histologic joint damage, synovial inflammation, and synovial blood vessel numbers suggesting anti-angiogenic activity. In this first in vivo use of Trpv2 agonists we discovered a new central role for Trpv2 in arthritis. These new compounds have the potential to become new therapies for RA and other diseases associated with inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kai F Cheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingzhu He
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Sohn C, Lee A, Qiao Y, Loupasakis K, Ivashkiv LB, Kalliolias GD. Prolonged tumor necrosis factor α primes fibroblast-like synoviocytes in a gene-specific manner by altering chromatin. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:86-95. [PMID: 25199798 DOI: 10.1002/art.38871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are chronically exposed to an inflammatory milieu. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure of FLS to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) augments inflammatory responses to secondary stimuli (priming effect). METHODS FLS obtained from RA patients were exposed to TNFα for 3 days and were then stimulated with interferons (IFNs). Expression of IFN target genes was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total STAT-1 protein and IFN-mediated STAT-1 activation were evaluated by Western blotting. Total histone levels, histone acetylation, and NF-κB p65 and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment were measured at the CXCL10 promoter (encodes IFNγ-inducible 10-kd protein [IP-10]) by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Prolonged pre-exposure of FLS to TNFα enhanced the magnitude and extended the kinetics of CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 production upon subsequent IFN stimulation. This phenotype was retained over a period of days, even after the removal of TNFα. Prolonged TNFα exposure decreased histone levels, increased acetylation of the remaining histones, and heightened recruitment of NF-κB p65 and Pol II to the CXCL10 promoter. In parallel, an increase in intracellular STAT-1 led to amplification of IFN-induced STAT-1 activation. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a novel pathogenic function of TNFα, namely, prolonged and gene-specific priming of FLS for enhanced transcription of inflammatory chemokine genes due to the priming of chromatin, the sustained activation of NF-κB, and the amplification of STAT-1 activation downstream of IFNs. These data also suggest that FLS gain an "inflammatory memory" upon prolonged exposure to TNFα.
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Oghumu S, Varikuti S, Terrazas C, Kotov D, Nasser MW, Powell CA, Ganju RK, Satoskar AR. CXCR3 deficiency enhances tumor progression by promoting macrophage M2 polarization in a murine breast cancer model. Immunology 2014; 143:109-19. [PMID: 24679047 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages play a vital role in determining the outcome of breast cancer. We investigated the contribution of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 to antitumor immune responses using a cxcr3 deficient mouse orthotopically injected with a PyMT breast cancer cell line. We observed that cxcr3 deficient mice displayed increased IL-4 production and M2 polarization in the tumors and spleens compared to WT mice injected with PyMT cells. This was accompanied by larger tumor development in cxcr3(-/-) than in WT mice. Further, tumor-promoting myeloid derived immune cell populations accumulated in higher proportions in the spleens of cxcr3 deficient mice. Interestingly, cxcr3(-/-) macrophages displayed a deficiency in up-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase after stimulation by either IFN-γ or PyMT supernatants. Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages by PyMT supernatants also resulted in greater induction of arginase-1 in cxcr3(-/-) than WT mice. Further, cxcr3(-/-) T cells activated with CD3/CD28 in vitro produced greater amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 than T cells from WT mice. Our data suggests that a greater predisposition of cxcr3 deficient macrophages towards M2 polarization contributes to an enhanced tumor promoting environment in cxcr3 deficient mice. Although CXCR3 is known to be expressed on some macrophages, this is the first report that demonstrates a role for CXCR3 in macrophage polarization and subsequent breast tumor outcomes. Targeting CXCR3 could be a potential therapeutic approach in the management of breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
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Chami B, Yeung AWS, van Vreden C, King NJC, Bao S. The role of CXCR3 in DSS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101622. [PMID: 24992040 PMCID: PMC4081590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic, uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Although the aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood, it is widely believed that IBD stems from a dysregulated immune response towards otherwise harmless commensal bacteria. Chemokines induce and enhance inflammation through their involvement in cellular trafficking. Reducing or limiting the influx of these proinflammatory cells has previously been demonstrated to attenuate inflammation. CXCR3, a chemokine receptor in the CXC family that binds to CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, is strongly overexpressed in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients. We hypothesised that CXCR3 KO mice would have impaired cellular trafficking, thereby reducing the inflammatory insult by proinflammatory cell and attenuating the course of colitis. To investigate the role of CXCR3 in the progression of colitis, the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was investigated in CXCR3−/− mice over 9 days. This study demonstrated attenuated DSS-induced colitis in CXCR3−/− mice at both the macroscopic and microscopic level. Reduced colitis correlated with lower recruitment of neutrophils (p = 0.0018), as well as decreased production of IL-6 (p<0.0001), TNF (p = 0.0038), and IFN-γ (p = 0.0478). Overall, our results suggest that CXCR3 plays an important role in recruiting proinflammatory cells to the colon during colitis and that CXCR3 may be a therapeutic target to reduce the influx of proinflammatory cells in the inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chami
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda W. S. Yeung
- Centre for Vascular Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Emerging infectious diseases and Biosecurity (SEIB), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Al-Banna NA, Vaci M, Slauenwhite D, Johnston B, Issekutz TB. CCR4 and CXCR3 play different roles in the migration of T cells to inflammation in skin, arthritic joints, and lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1633-43. [PMID: 24700244 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CCR4 and CXCR3 are expressed on several T-cell subsets in inflamed tissues, yet their role in tissue-specific recruitment is unclear. We examined the contributions of CCR4 and CXCR3 to T-cell recruitment into inflamed joints in collagen-induced arthritis, antigen-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and dermal inflammatory sites (poly I:C, LPS, concanavalin A, and delayed type hypersensitivity), using labeled activated T cells from CXCR3(-/-), CCR4(-/-), and WT mice. Both CXCR3 and CCR4 deficiency reduced the development of arthritis, but did not affect Th1-cell recruitment to the inflamed joints. Accumulation in inflamed LNs was highly CXCR3 dependent. In contrast, CCR4-deficient Th1 cells had an increased accumulation in these LNs. Migration to all four dermal inflammatory sites by activated Th1 and T cytotoxic cells and memory CD4(+) T cells was partially CXCR3-dependent, but Treg-cell migration was independent of CXCR3. The subset of cells expressing CCR4 has skin-migrating properties, but CCR4 itself is not required for the migration. Thus, migration into these inflamed tissues is CCR4-independent, and partially dependent on CXCR3, except for Treg cells, which require neither receptor. CCR4 may therefore affect retention of T cells in different tissues rather than trafficking out of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Al-Banna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Reynolds G, Cooles FAH, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CMU. Emerging immunotherapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:822-37. [PMID: 24535556 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatments in development for rheumatoid arthritis target 3 broad areas: cytokines, cells, and signaling pathways. Therapies from each domain share common advantages (for example previously demonstrated efficacy, potential long-term immunomodulation, and oral administration respectively) that have stimulated research in each area but also common obstacles to their development. In this review recent progress in each area will be discussed alongside the factors that have impeded their path to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Faye A H Cooles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK
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Exploring the CXCR3 Chemokine Receptor with Small-Molecule Antagonists and Agonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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