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Liao KL, Wieler AJ, Gascon PML. Mathematical modeling and analysis of cancer treatment with radiation and anti-PD-L1. Math Biosci 2024; 374:109218. [PMID: 38797473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In cancer treatment, radiation therapy (RT) induces direct tumor cell death due to DNA damage, but it also enhances the deaths of radiosensitive immune cells and is followed by local relapse and up-regulation of immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. Since the binding between PD-1 and PD-L1 curtails anti-tumor immunities, combining RT and PD-L1 inhibitor, anti-PD-L1, is a potential method to improve the treatment efficacy by RT. Some experiments support this hypothesis by showing that the combination of ionizing irradiation (IR) and anti-PD-L1 improves tumor reduction comparing to the monotherapy of IR or anti-PD-L1. In this work, we create a simplified ODE model to study the order of tumor growths under treatments of IR and anti-PD-L1. Our synergy analysis indicates that both IR and anti-PD-L1 improve the tumor reduction of each other, when IR and anti-PD-L1 are given simultaneously. When giving IR and anti-PD-L1 separately, a high dosage of IR should be given first to efficiently reduce tumor load and then followed by anti-PD-L1 with strong efficacy to maintain the tumor reduction and slow down the relapse. Increasing the duration of anti-PD-L1 improves the tumor reduction, but it cannot prolong the duration that tumor relapses to the level of the control case. Under some simplification, we also prove that the model has an unstable tumor free equilibrium and a locally asymptotically stable tumor persistent equilibrium. Our bifurcation diagram reveals a transition from tumor elimination to tumor persistence, as the tumor growth rate increases. In the tumor persistent case, both anti-PD-L1 and IR can reduce tumor amount in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Adam J Wieler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pedro M Lopez Gascon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Valentine Y, Nikolajczyk BS. T cells in obesity-associated inflammation: The devil is in the details. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:25-41. [PMID: 38767210 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity-associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity-related T-cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity-associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity-associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T-cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity-associated health complications, yet its impact on T-cell-mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolander Valentine
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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3
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Baeten P, Hamad I, Hoeks C, Hiltensperger M, Van Wijmeersch B, Popescu V, Aly L, Somers V, Korn T, Kleinewietfeld M, Hellings N, Broux B. Rapamycin rescues loss of function in blood-brain barrier-interacting Tregs. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e167457. [PMID: 38386413 PMCID: PMC11128200 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In autoimmunity, FOXP3+ Tregs skew toward a proinflammatory, nonsuppressive phenotype and are, therefore, unable to control the exaggerated autoimmune response. This largely affects the success of autologous Treg therapy, which is currently under investigation for autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a need to ensure in vivo Treg stability before successful application of Treg therapy. Using genetic fate-mapping mice, we demonstrate that inflammatory, cytokine-expressing exFOXP3 T cells accumulate in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In a human in vitro model, we discovered that interaction with inflamed blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (BBB-ECs) induces loss of function by Tregs. Transcriptome and cytokine analysis revealed that in vitro migrated Tregs have disrupted regenerative potential and a proinflammatory Th1/17 signature, and they upregulate the mTORC1 signaling pathway. In vitro treatment of migrated human Tregs with the clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin restored suppression. Finally, flow cytometric analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammatory, less-suppressive CD49d+ Tregs in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with MS. In summary, interaction with BBB-ECs is sufficient to affect Treg function, and transmigration triggers an additive proinflammatory phenotype switch. These insights help improve the efficacy of autologous Treg therapy of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Baeten
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Hiltensperger
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Pelt, Belgium
- Noorderhart, Revalidatie & MS Centrum, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Veronica Popescu
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Pelt, Belgium
- Noorderhart, Revalidatie & MS Centrum, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Lilian Aly
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veerle Somers
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Universitair MS Centrum, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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4
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Liao KL, Bai XF, Friedman A. IL-27 in combination with anti-PD-1 can be anti-cancer or pro-cancer. J Theor Biol 2024; 579:111704. [PMID: 38104658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is known to play opposing roles in immunology. The present paper considers, specifically, the role IL-27 plays in cancer immunotherapy when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. We first develop a mathematical model for this combination therapy, by a system of Partial Differential Equations, and show agreement with experimental results in mice injected with melanoma cells. We then proceed to simulate tumor volume with IL-27 injection at a variable dose F and anti-PD-1 at a variable dose g. We show that in some range of "small" values of g, as f increases tumor volume decreases as long as fFc(g), where Fc(g) is a monotone increasing function of g. This demonstrates that IL-27 can be both anti-cancer and pro-cancer, depending on the ranges of both anti-PD-1 and IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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5
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Li J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Huang H, Du H, Cheng L, Ma C, Cai Y, Han H, Tao J, Li G, Cheng P. Classification of regulatory T cells and their role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:94-106. [PMID: 38000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is closely related to the final infarct size in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, reducing MIRI can effectively improve the prognosis of AMI patients. At the same time, the healing process after AMI is closely related to the local inflammatory microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can regulate various physiological and pathological immune inflammatory responses and play an important role in regulating the immune inflammatory response after AMI. However, different subtypes of Tregs have different effects on MIRI, and the same subtype of Tregs may also have different effects at different stages of MIRI. This article systematically reviews the classification and function of Tregs, as well as the role of various subtypes of Tregs in MIRI. A comprehensive understanding of the role of each subtype of Tregs can help design effective methods to control immune reactions, reduce MIRI, and provide new potential therapeutic options for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yiren Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huan Du
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lianying Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Mathematics, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongxiang Cai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Hukui Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianhong Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Panke Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Chen Y, Liang R, Shi X, Shen R, Liu L, Liu Y, Xue Y, Guo X, Dang J, Zeng D, Huang F, Sun J, Zhang J, Wang J, Olsen N, August A, Huang W, Pan Y, Zheng SG. Targeting kinase ITK treats autoimmune arthritis via orchestrating T cell differentiation and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115886. [PMID: 37992572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is critical in T helper subset differentiation and its inhibition has been suggested for the treatment of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. T follicular helper (Tfh), Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) also play important roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while the role of ITK in the development of RA and the intricate balance between effector T and regulatory T cells remains unclear. Here, we found that CD4+ T cells from RA patients presented with an elevated ITK activation. ITK inhibitor alleviated existing collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and reduced antigen specific antibody production. Blocking ITK kinase activity interferes Tfh cell generation. Moreover, ITK inhibitor effectively rebalances Th17 and Treg cells by regulating Foxo1 translocation. Furthermore, we identified dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a potential ITK inhibitor, which could inhibit PLC-γ1 phosphorylation and the progression of CIA by rebalancing Th17 and Treg cells. Out data imply that ITK activation is upregulated in RA patients, and therefore blocking ITK signal may provide an effective strategy to treat RA patients and highlight the role of ITK on the Tfh induction and RA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Youqiu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Donglan Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Feng Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- The first Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine at the Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China.
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Liao KL, Watt KD, Protin T. Different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R induce diverse outcomes in cancer treatment. Math Biosci 2023; 365:109072. [PMID: 37734537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The CD200 is a cell membrane protein expressed by tumor cells, and its receptor CD200 receptor (CD200R) is expressed by immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. The formation of CD200-CD200R inhibits the cellular functions of the targeted immune cells, so CD200 is one type of the immune checkpoint and blockade CD200-CD200R formation is a potential cancer treatment. However, the CD200 blockade has opposite treatment outcomes in different types of cancers. For instance, the CD200R deficient mice have a higher tumor load than the wild type (WT) mice in melanoma suggesting that CD200-CD200R inhibits melanoma. On the other hand, the antibody anti-CD200 treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) significantly reduces the tumor load indicating that CD200-CD200R promotes PDAC and HNSCC. In this work, we hypothesize that different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R in tumor microenvironment could be one of the reasons for the diverse treatment outcomes of CD200 blockade in different types of cancers. We create one Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) model for melanoma including the inhibition of CCL8 and regulatory T cells and the switching from M2 to M1 macrophages by CD200-CD200R to capture the tumor inhibition by CD200-CD200R. We also create another ODEs model for PDAC and HNSCC including the promotion of the polarization and suppressive activities of M2 macrophages by CD200-CD200R to generate the tumor promotion by CD200-CD200R. Furthermore, we use these two models to investigate the treatment efficacy of the combination treatment between the CD200-CD200R blockade and the other immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-1. Our result shows that different mechanisms of CD200-CD200R can induce different treatment outcomes in combination treatments, namely, only the CD200-CD200R blockade reduces tumor load in melanoma and only the anti-PD-1 and CD200 knockout decrease tumor load in PDAC and HNSCC. Moreover, in melanoma, the CD200-CD200R mainly utilizes the inhibitions on M1 macrophages and dendritic cells to inhibit tumor growth, instead of M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Kenton D Watt
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tom Protin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, INSA Rennes, France
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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9
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Vaikunthanathan T, Landmann E, Correa DM, Romano M, Trevelin SC, Peng Q, Crespo E, Corrado M, Lozano JJ, Pearce EL, Perpinan E, Zoccarato A, Siew L, Edwards-Hicks J, Khan R, Luu NT, Thursz MR, Newsome PN, Martinez-Llordella M, Shah N, Lechler RI, Shah AM, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lombardi G, Safinia N. Dysregulated anti-oxidant signalling and compromised mitochondrial integrity negatively influence regulatory T cell function and viability in liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104778. [PMID: 37657135 PMCID: PMC10480539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are key pathogenic drivers of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis (LC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to prevent excessive immune activation and maintain tissue homeostasis. While inflammatory cues are well known to modulate the function and stability of Tregs, the extent to which Tregs are influenced by oxidative stress has not been fully explored. METHODS The phenotypic and functional properties of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Tregs isolated from patients with LC were compared to healthy controls (HC). Treg redox state was investigated by characterizing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) activity, mitochondrial function, morphology, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant signalling. The relevance of Nrf2 and its downstream target, Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in Treg function, stability, and survival, was further assessed using mouse models and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HO-1 knock-out. FINDINGS Circulating Tregs from LC patients displayed a reduced suppressive function, correlating with liver disease severity, associated with phenotypic abnormalities and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, this was linked to a dysregulated Nrf2 signalling with resultant lower levels of HO-1, enhanced Nox2 activation, and impaired mitochondrial respiration and integrity. The functional deficit in LC Tregs could be partially recapitulated by culturing control Tregs in patient sera. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal that Tregs rely on functional redox homeostasis for their function, stability, and survival. Targeting Treg specific anti-oxidant pathways may have therapeutic potential to reverse the Treg impairment in conditions of oxidative damage such as advanced liver disease. FUNDING This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (211113/A/18/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishan Vaikunthanathan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Emmanuelle Landmann
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Diana Marin Correa
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Qi Peng
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Crespo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Juan-José Lozano
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph Stelzmannstrasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Calle Rossello 153 Bajos, O8036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Perpinan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siew
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Reenam Khan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Institute of Liver Sciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Martinez-Llordella
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Naina Shah
- James Black Centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert I Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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10
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Núñez R, Rodríguez MJ, Lebrón-Martín C, Martín-Astorga MDC, Ramos-Soriano J, Rojo J, Torres MJ, Cañas JA, Mayorga C. A synthetic glycodendropeptide induces methylation changes on regulatory T cells linked to tolerant responses in anaphylactic-mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165852. [PMID: 37334360 PMCID: PMC10272618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are allergens found in a wide range of plant-foods. Specifically, Pru p 3, the major allergen of peach, is commonly responsible for severe allergic reactions. The need for new alternatives to conventional food allergy treatments, like restrictive diets, suggests allergen immunotherapy as a promising option. It has been demonstrated that sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with synthetic glycodendropeptides, such as D1ManPrup3, containing mannose and Pru p 3 peptides induced tolerance in mice and that the persistence of this effect depends on treatment dose (2nM or 5nM). Moreover, it produces changes associated with differential gene expression and methylation profile of dendritic cells, as well as phenotypical changes in regulatory T cells (Treg). However, there are no works addressing the study of epigenetic changes in terms of methylation in the cell subsets that sustain tolerant responses, Treg. Therefore, in this work, DNA methylation changes in splenic-Treg from Pru p 3 anaphylactic mice were evaluated. Methods It was performed by whole genome bisulphite sequencing comparing SLIT-D1ManPrup3 treated mice: tolerant (2nM D1ManPrup3), desensitized (5nM D1ManPrup3), and sensitized but not treated (antigen-only), with anaphylactic mice. Results Most of the methylation changes were found in the gene promoters from both SLIT-treated groups, desensitized (1,580) and tolerant (1,576), followed by the antigen-only (1,151) group. Although tolerant and desensitized mice showed a similar number of methylation changes, only 445 genes were shared in both. Remarkably, interesting methylation changes were observed on the promoter regions of critical transcription factors for Treg function like Stat4, Stat5a, Stat5b, Foxp3, and Gata3. In fact, Foxp3 was observed exclusively as hypomethylated in tolerant group, whereas Gata3 was only hypomethylated in the desensitized mice. Discussion In conclusion, diverse D1ManPrup3 doses induce different responses (tolerance or desensitization) in mice, which are reflected by differential methylation changes in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Núñez
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Clara Lebrón-Martín
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martín-Astorga
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Laboratory of Glycosystems, Institute of Chemical Research (IIQ), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Laboratory of Glycosystems, Institute of Chemical Research (IIQ), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J. Torres
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Allergy, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A. Cañas
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Laboratory of Allergy, Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-Plataforma BIONAND (IBIMA-BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Allergy, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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11
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Moon S, Hong J, Go S, Kim BS. Immunomodulation for Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:389-409. [PMID: 36920675 PMCID: PMC10219918 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells participate in repair and regeneration following tissue injury or damage, orchestrating tissue inflammation and regeneration processes. A deeper understanding of the immune system's involvement in tissue repair and regeneration is critical for the development of successful reparatory and regenerative strategies. Here we review recent technologies that facilitate cell-based and biomaterial-based modulation of the immune systems for tissue repair and regeneration. First, we summarize the roles of various types of immune cells in tissue repair. Second, we review the principle, examples, and limitations of regulatory T (Treg) cell-based therapy, a representative cell-based immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss biomaterial-based immunotherapy strategies that aim to modulate immune cells using various biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeong Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Kojima M, Suzuki K, Takeshita M, Ohyagi M, Iizuka M, Yamane H, Koga K, Kouro T, Kassai Y, Yoshihara T, Adachi R, Hashikami K, Ota Y, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko Y, Morita R, Yoshimura A, Takeuchi T. Anti-human-TIGIT agonistic antibody ameliorates autoimmune diseases by inhibiting Tfh and Tph cells and enhancing Treg cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:500. [PMID: 37161050 PMCID: PMC10170076 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear how to optimally manipulate them. We focused on the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), a coinhibitory molecule that regulates and is expressed in T cells. In autoimmune diseases, the association between TIGIT-expressing cells and pathogenesis and the function of human-TIGIT (hu-TIGIT) signalling modification have not been fully elucidated. Here we generated anti-hu-TIGIT agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and generated hu-TIGIT knock-in mice to accurately evaluate the efficacy of mAb function. Our mAb suppressed the activation of CD4+ T cells, especially follicular helper T and peripheral helper T cells that highly expressed TIGIT, and enhanced the suppressive function of naïve regulatory T cells. These results indicate that our mAb has advantages in restoring the imbalance of T cells that are activated in autoimmune diseases and suggest potential clinical applications for anti-hu-TIGIT agonistic mAbs as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marenori Kojima
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeshita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohyagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Iizuka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Humitsugu Yamane
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Koga
- Immunology Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kouro
- Immunology Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kassai
- Immunology Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshihara
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Adachi
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentarou Hashikami
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ota
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Ott N, Faletti L, Heeg M, Andreani V, Grimbacher B. JAKs and STATs from a Clinical Perspective: Loss-of-Function Mutations, Gain-of-Function Mutations, and Their Multidimensional Consequences. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x. [PMID: 37140667 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in cytokine signaling and is involved in development, immunity, and tumorigenesis for nearly any cell. At first glance, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway appears to be straightforward. However, on closer examination, the factors influencing the JAK/STAT signaling activity, such as cytokine diversity, receptor profile, overlapping JAK and STAT specificity among non-redundant functions of the JAK/STAT complexes, positive regulators (e.g., cooperating transcription factors), and negative regulators (e.g., SOCS, PIAS, PTP), demonstrate the complexity of the pathway's architecture, which can be quickly disturbed by mutations. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been, and still is, subject of basic research and offers an enormous potential for the development of new methods of personalized medicine and thus the translation of basic molecular research into clinical practice beyond the use of JAK inhibitors. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the three immunologically particularly relevant signal transducers STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 as well as JAK1 and JAK3 present themselves through individual phenotypic clinical pictures. The established, traditional paradigm of loss-of-function mutations leading to immunodeficiency and gain-of-function mutation leading to autoimmunity breaks down and a more differentiated picture of disease patterns evolve. This review is intended to provide an overview of these specific syndromes from a clinical perspective and to summarize current findings on pathomechanism, symptoms, immunological features, and therapeutic options of STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, JAK1, and JAK3 loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ott
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Andreani
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Kim MH, Lee CW. Phosphatase Ssu72 Is Essential for Homeostatic Balance Between CD4 + T Cell Lineages. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e12. [PMID: 37179750 PMCID: PMC10166661 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ssu72, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, not only participates in transcription biogenesis, but also affects pathophysiological functions in a tissue-specific manner. Recently, it has been shown that Ssu72 is required for T cell differentiation and function by controlling multiple immune receptor-mediated signals, including TCR and several cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Ssu72 deficiency in T cells is associated with impaired fine-tuning of receptor-mediated signaling and a defect in CD4+ T cell homeostasis, resulting in immune-mediated diseases. However, the mechanism by which Ssu72 in T cells integrates the pathophysiology of multiple immune-mediated diseases is still poorly elucidated. In this review, we will focus on the immunoregulatory mechanism of Ssu72 phosphatase in CD4+ T cell differentiation, activation, and phenotypic function. We will also discuss the current understanding of the correlation between Ssu72 in T cells and pathological functions which suggests that Ssu72 might be a therapeutic target in autoimmune disorders and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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15
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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16
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Verma S, Perry K, Razdan R, Howell JC, Dawson AL, Hu WT. CSF IL-8 Associated with Response to Gene Therapy in a Case Series of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:245-253. [PMID: 36289175 PMCID: PMC9607706 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapies have greatly changed the outlook in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and this disorder provides a rare opportunity to study longitudinal biomarker changes correlated with reduced disease burden and improved clinical outcomes. Recent work suggests clinical response to correlate with declining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the neurodegenerative marker neurofilament light chain (NfL) in children receiving serial anti-sense oligonucleotide therapy. However, change in CSF NfL levels is no longer a practical biomarker as more children undergo single-dose gene replacement therapy. Here we leverage serial CSF samples (median of 4 per child) collected in 13 children with SMA undergoing anti-sense oligonucleotide therapy to characterize the longitudinal profiles of NfL as well as inflammatory and neuronal proteins. In contrast to neurodegeneration in adults, we found NfL levels to first decrease following initiation of treatment but then increase upon further treatment and improved motor functions. We then examined additional CSF inflammatory and neuronal markers for linear association with motor function during SMA treatment. We identified longitudinal IL-8 levels to inversely correlate with motor functions determined by clinical examination (F(1, 47) = 12.903, p = 0.001) or electromyography in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (p = 0.064). In keeping with this, lower baseline IL-8 levels were associated with better longitudinal outcomes, even though this difference diminished over 2 years in the younger group. We thus propose CSF IL-8 as a biomarker for baseline function and short-term treatment response in SMA, and a candidate biomarker for future treatment trials in other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | - Kelsey Perry
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | - Raj Razdan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | - J Christina Howell
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
| | - Alice L Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA
- Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Institute for Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 6200, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30324, USA.
- Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Institute for Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 6200, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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17
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Duclaux-Loras R, Boschetti G, Flourie B, Roblin X, Leluduec JB, Paul S, Almeras T, Ruel K, Buisson A, Bienvenu J, Josson C, Jasnowski R, Legastelois S, Foussat A, Meunier C, Viret C, Rozieres A, Faure M, Kaiserlian D, Nancey S. Relationships of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets and cytokines with the risk of relapse in patients with Crohn’s disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864353. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsWe aimed to analyze circulating CD4+ T cell subsets and cytokines during the course of Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods and resultsCD4+ T cell subsets, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), and various serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, TNFα, IFNγ, and TGFβ) were prospectively monitored every 3 months for 1 year, using multicolor flow cytometry and an ultrasensitive Erenna method in CD patients in remission at inclusion. Relapse occurred in 35 out of the 113 consecutive patients (31%). For patients in remission within 4 months prior to relapse and at the time of relapse, there was no significant difference in Th1, Th17, Treg, and double-positive CD4+ T cell subsets co-expressing either IFNγ and FOXP3, IL-17A and FOXP3, or IFNγ and IL-17A. On the contrary, in patients who remained in remission, the mean frequency and number of double-positive IL-17A+FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells and the level of usCRP were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) 1 to 4 months prior to relapse. At the time of relapse, only the IL-6 and usCRP levels were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) compared with those patients in remission. On multivariate analysis, a high number of double-positive IL-17A+FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells (≥1.4 cells/mm3) and elevated serum usCRP (≥3.44 mg/L) were two independent factors associated with risk of relapse.ConclusionsDetection of circulating double-positive FOXP3+IL-17A+ CD4+ T cell subsets supports that T cell plasticity may reflect the inflammatory context of Crohn’s disease. Whether this subset contributes to the pathogenesis of CD relapse needs further studies.
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18
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Mathematical modeling for the combination treatment of IFN- γ and anti-PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy. Math Biosci 2022; 353:108911. [PMID: 36150452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When the immune-checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) binds to its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to form the complex PD-1-PD-L1, this complex inactivates immune cells resulting in cell apoptosis, downregulation of immune reaction, and tumor evasion. The antibody, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1, blocks the PD-1-PD-L1 complex formation to restore the functions of T cells. Combination of anti-PD-1 with other treatment shows promising in different types of cancer treatments. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in immune responses. It is mainly regarded as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes the proliferation of CD8+ T cell and cytotoxic T cell, enhances the activation of Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells, and enhances tumor elimination. However, recent studies have been discovering many anti-inflammatory functions of IFN-γ, such as promotion of the PD-L1 expression, T cell apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as inhibition of the immune recognition and the killing rates by T cells. In this work, we construct a mathematical model incorporating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of IFN-γ to capture tumor growth under anti-PD-1 treatment in the wild type and IFN-γ null mutant melanoma. Our simulation results qualitatively fit experimental data that IFN-γ null mutant with anti-PD-1 obtains the highest tumor reduction comparing to IFN-γ null mutant without anti-PD-1 and wild type tumor with anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, our synergy analysis indicates that, in the combination treatment, the tumor volume decreases as either the dosage of anti-PD-1 increases or the IFN-γ production efficiency decreases. Thus, the combination of anti-PD-1 and IFN-γ blockade improves the tumor reduction comparing to the monotherapy of anti-PD-1 or the monotherapy of IFN-γ blockade. We also find a threshold curve of the minimal dosage of anti-PD-1 corresponding to the IFN-γ production efficiency to ensure the tumor reduction under the presence of IFN-γ.
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19
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Duarte I, de Souza MCM, Curinga RM, Mendonça HM, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Milenkovic D, Hassimotto NMA, Costa AM, Malaquias JV, Dos Santos Borges TK. Effect of Passiflora setacea juice and its phenolic metabolites on insulin resistance markers in overweight individuals and on microglial cell activity. Food Funct 2022; 13:6498-6509. [PMID: 35621054 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora setacea (PS) is a species of wild Brazilian passion fruit, rich in bioactive compounds. Scientific evidence suggests that food rich in polyphenols can modulate inflammation, thereby playing an important role in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (DT2) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS consumption on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight male volunteers and to identify the underlying mechanism of action using an in vitro study using phenolic metabolites isolated from the plasma of volunteers at physiologically relevant concentrations. Volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (PB) study with two phases: phase I (acute study) and phase II (chronic study). In phase I, 15 volunteers ingested a single dose of 50 g, 150 g of PS pulp and PB in three different interventions. In phase II, nine volunteers ingested 50 g of PS or PB for 14 days. Blood samples were collected before (T0 h) and 3 h (T3 h) (phase I) or 15 days after (phase II) ingestion of PS or PB. Blood biochemical markers, HOMA IR, and inflammatory markers were analyzed and data on BMI, waist circumference, and consumption of polyphenol-rich foods were collected. Phenolic metabolites were extracted from plasma by solid-phase separation and were used to treat BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS or anacardic acid to assess p50, p65 and PPAR-γ activation. It was observed that the consumption of a single dose of PS juice significantly reduced basal insulin levels and HOMA IR. After prolonged consumption for two weeks, PS contributed to the reduction of circulating levels of IL-6. BV-2 cells treated with PS phenolic metabolites showed increased PPAR-γ activity, which resulted in an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effect of PS metabolites. In conclusion, PS juice consumption exerts beneficial effects on inflammatory markers in overweight individuals, being a possible and important tool in the prevention of T2D and CVD in risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Miranda de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Moura Curinga
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Matos Mendonça
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km18, Laboratory of Food Science, Planaltina, DF, 73.310-970, Brazil
| | - Juaci Vitorio Malaquias
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km18, Laboratory of Food Science, Planaltina, DF, 73.310-970, Brazil
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20
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Chen W, Huang W, Xue Y, Chen Y, Qian W, Ma J, August A, Wang J, Zheng SG, Lin J. Neuropilin-1 Identifies a New Subpopulation of TGF-β-Induced Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells With Potent Suppressive Function and Enhanced Stability During Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900139. [PMID: 35603221 PMCID: PMC9114772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in preventing autoimmunity and inflammation. There are naturally-derived in the thymus (tTreg), generated extrathymically in the periphery (pTreg), and induced in vitro culture (iTreg) with different characteristics of suppressiveness, stability, and plasticity. There is an abundance of published data on neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) as a tTreg marker, but little data exist on iTreg. The fidelity of Nrp-1 as a tTreg marker and its role in iTreg remains to be explored. This study found that Nrp-1 was expressed by a subset of Foxp3+CD4+T cells in the central and peripheral lymphoid organs in intact mice, as well as in iTreg. Nrp-1+iTreg and Nrp-1-iTreg were adoptively transferred into a T cell-mediated colitis model to determine their ability to suppress inflammation. Differences in gene expression between Nrp-1+ and Nrp-1-iTreg were analyzed by RNA sequencing. We demonstrated that the Nrp-1+ subset of the iTreg exhibited enhanced suppressive function and stability compared to the Nrp-1- counterpart both in vivo and in vitro, partly depending on IL-10. We found that Nrp-1 is not an exclusive marker of tTreg, however, it is a biomarker identifying a new subset of iTreg with enhanced suppressive function, implicating a potential for Nrp-1+iTreg cell therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA, United States
| | - Youqiu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Division of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Avery August
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA, United States
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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22
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Zhang Y, Liesz A, Li P. Coming to the Rescue: Regulatory T Cells for Promoting Recovery After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:e837-e841. [PMID: 34807742 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.036072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration to the injured brain is a key component of the neuroinflammatory response after ischemic stroke. In contrast to the large amount of proinflammatory immune cells, regulatory T cells, are an important subgroup of T cells that are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppress an overshooting immune reaction after stroke. Numerous previous reports have consistently demonstrated the beneficial role of this immunosuppressive immune cell population during the acute phase after experimental stroke by limiting inflammatory lesion progression. Two recent studies expanded now this concept and demonstrate that regulatory T cells-mediated effects also promote chronic recovery after stroke by promoting a proregenerative tissue environment. These recent findings suggest that boosting regulatory T cells could be beneficial beyond modulating the immediate neuroinflammatory response and improve chronic functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (Y.Z., P.L.)
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, SyNergy LMU University Hospital; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (A.L.)
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (Y.Z., P.L.)
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23
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Haubruck P, Pinto MM, Moradi B, Little CB, Gentek R. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:763702. [PMID: 34804052 PMCID: PMC8600114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints are complex structures that enable normal locomotion. Following injury, they undergo a series of changes, including a prevalent inflammatory response. This increases the risk for development of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder. In healthy joints, macrophages are the predominant immune cells. They regulate bone turnover, constantly scavenge debris from the joint cavity and, together with synovial fibroblasts, form a protective barrier. Macrophages thus work in concert with the non-hematopoietic stroma. In turn, the stroma provides a scaffold as well as molecular signals for macrophage survival and functional imprinting: “a macrophage niche”. These intricate cellular interactions are susceptible to perturbations like those induced by joint injury. With this review, we explore how the concepts of local tissue niches apply to synovial joints. We introduce the joint micro-anatomy and cellular players, and discuss their potential interactions in healthy joints, with an emphasis on molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and relevance to joint functionality. We then consider how these interactions are perturbed by joint injury and how they may contribute to OA pathogenesis. We conclude by discussing how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring joint function and reducing post-traumatic OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Marlene Magalhaes Pinto
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Babak Moradi
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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24
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de Araújo Esteves Duarte I, Milenkovic D, Borges TK, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Costa AM. Brazilian passion fruit as a new healthy food: from its composition to health properties and mechanisms of action. Food Funct 2021; 12:11106-11120. [PMID: 34651638 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the largest in the world, with about 41 000 species cataloged within two global biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah. Passiflora, known also as passion flowers, is a genus of which 96% of its species are distributed in the Americas, mainly Brazil and Colombia. Passion fruit extracts have a commercial value on a global scale through the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, self-care, and food and beverage industries. Passiflora are widely studied due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and vascular and neuronal protective effects, probably owing to their content of polyphenols. Passiflora setacea DC is a species of wild passion fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado, rich in flavonoid C-glycosides, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and orientin. Intake of these plant food bioactives has been associated with protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDCs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss the varieties of Passiflora, their content in plant food bioactives and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in preventing or reversing CNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tatiana Karla Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina DF 73.310-970, Brazil
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25
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Chen J, Huang F, Hou Y, Lin X, Liang R, Hu X, Zhao J, Wang J, Olsen N, Zheng SG. TGF-β-induced CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate Notch1 signaling through miR-449a and prevent collagen-induced arthritis in a murine model. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2516-2529. [PMID: 34556822 PMCID: PMC8545930 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells are central to the maintenance of self-tolerance and can be defective in autoimmunity. In autoimmune rheumatic diseases, dysfunctional self-tolerance, is to a large extent, caused by insufficient Treg-cell activity. Although nTregs have therapeutic effects in vivo, their relative scarcity and slow rate of in vitro expansion hinder the application of nTreg therapy. It was previously reported that EVs contribute significantly to the suppressive function of FOXP3+ Treg cells. Considering that the stability and plasticity of nTregs remain major challenges in vivo, we established EVs derived from in vitro TGF-β-induced Treg cells (iTreg-EVs) and assessed their functions in a murine model of autoimmune arthritis. The results demonstrated that iTreg-EVs preferentially homed to the pathological joint and efficiently prevented the imbalance in Th17/Treg cells in arthritic mice. Furthermore, we found that miR-449a-5p mediated Notch1 expression modulation and that miR-449a-5p knockdown abolished the effects of iTreg-EVs on effector T cells and regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results show that iTreg-EVs control the inflammatory responses of recipient T cells through miR-449a-5p-dependent modulation of Notch1 and ameliorate the development and severity of arthritis, which may provide a potential cell-free strategy based on manipulating iTreg-EVs to prevent autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Chen
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Feng Huang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yuluan Hou
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojiang Hu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jun Zhao
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Julie Wang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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26
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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27
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White MPJ, Smyth DJ, Cook L, Ziegler SF, Levings MK, Maizels RM. The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4 + T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:848-864. [PMID: 33988885 PMCID: PMC9214624 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) family proteins mediate many vital biological functions in growth, development and regulation of the immune system. TGF‐β itself controls immune homeostasis and inflammation, including conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the presence of interleukin‐2 and T‐cell receptor ligands. The helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus exploits this pathway through a structurally novel TGF‐β mimic (Hp‐TGM), which binds to mammalian TGF‐β receptors and induces Tregs. Here, we performed detailed comparisons of Hp‐TGM with mammalian TGF‐β. Compared with TGF‐β, Hp‐TGM induced greater numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs (iTregs), with more intense Foxp3 expression. Both ligands upregulated Treg functional markers CD73, CD103 and programmed death‐ligand 1, but Hp‐TGM induced significantly higher CD39 expression than did TGF‐β. Interestingly, in contrast to canonical TGF‐β signaling through Smad2/3, Hp‐TGM stimulation was slower and more sustained. Gene expression profiles induced by TGF‐β and Hp‐TGM were remarkably similar, and both types of iTregs suppressed T‐cell responses in vitro and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis‐driven inflammation in vivo. In vitro, both types of iTregs were equally stable under inflammatory conditions, but Hp‐TGM‐induced iTregs were more stable in vivo during dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis, with greater retention of Foxp3 expression and lower conversion to a ROR‐γt+ phenotype. Altogether, results from this study suggest that the parasite cytokine mimic, Hp‐TGM, may deliver a qualitatively different signal to CD4+ T cells with downstream consequences for the long‐term stability of iTregs. These data highlight the potential of Hp‐TGM as a new modulator of T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine P J White
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danielle J Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Regulatory T cells and vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Challenges and prospects. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107761. [PMID: 34162139 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activity, increasing interest has arisen in their possible influence on the immune response induced by vaccines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. However, they also limit beneficial immune responses by suppressing anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity. Mounting evidence suggests that Tregs are involved, at least in part, in the low effectiveness of immunization against various diseases where it has been difficult to obtain protective vaccines. Interestingly, increased activity of Tregs is associated with aging, suggesting a key role for these cells in the lower vaccine effectiveness observed in older people. In this review, we analyze the impact of Tregs on vaccination, with a focus on older adults. Finally, we address an overview of current strategies for Tregs modulation with potential application to improve the effectiveness of future vaccines targeting older populations.
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29
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Lee JK, Koo SY, Nam HM, Lee JB, Ko J, Kim KM, Park EJ, Kim TJ, Lee H, Go H, Lee CW. Ssu72 is a T-cell receptor-responsive modifier that is indispensable for regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1395-1411. [PMID: 33850312 PMCID: PMC8166877 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial for adaptive immunity; however, epigenetic programs that inhibit phosphorylation to regulate Treg development, peripheral expression, and suppressive activity are elusive. Here, we found that the Ssu72 phosphatase is activated by various T-cell receptor signaling pathways, including the T-cell receptor and IL-2R pathways, and localizes at the cell membrane. Deletion of Ssu72 in T cells disrupts CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Tregs in the periphery via the production of high levels of the effector cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ, which induce CD4+ T-cell activation and differentiation into effector cell lineages. We also found a close correlation between downregulation of Ssu72 and severe defects in mucosal tolerance in patients. Interestingly, Ssu72 forms a complex with PLCγ1, which is an essential effector molecule for T-cell receptor signaling as well as Treg development and function. Ssu72 deficiency impairs PLCγ1 downstream signaling and results in failure of Foxp3 induction. Thus, our studies show that the Ssu72-mediated cytokine response coordinates the differentiation and function of Treg cells in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kwan Lee
- Research Institute, Curogen Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Koo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Nam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Research Institute, Curogen Technology, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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30
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Liu X, Wu Y, Li M, Hao J, Wang Q, Zeng X. Plasticity of Treg and imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells in patients with systemic sclerosis modified by FK506. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:2058738421998086. [PMID: 33631989 PMCID: PMC7917869 DOI: 10.1177/2058738421998086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of Tacrolimus (FK506) on Treg cells and subpopulations in SSc patients and assess the ability of FK506 to modify the immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells. We analyzed PBMC from five SSc patients and six healthy control by flow cytometry after cultured with 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 ng/ml FK506 in vitro. The number of Treg cells decreased in SSc patients treated with FK506. The number of FrI cells were decreased in SSc following FK506 treatment. The drug did increase the frequency of FrII/Treg cells, but not FrII cells. However, FK506 significantly decreased FrIII in both SSc patients and controls. FK506 clearly decreased the numbers of Th17 cells and FoxP3+IL-17+ cells. The proliferation capacity of cells was also inhibited by FK506, which had a greater effect on FoxP3- cells than FoxP3+ cells. FK506 did inhibit the proliferation of FrIII cells, but not FrI or FrII cells. Our study provides that FK506 reduced the number of FoxP3low CD45RA- T cells (FrIII) by inhibiting its proliferation. Therefore, FK506 modifies Treg cells and the immune imbalance between Tregs and Th17 cells in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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31
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Dong Y, Pan F. Ubiquitin-Dependent Regulation of Treg Function and Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:63-80. [PMID: 33523443 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of peripheral tolerance, regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in immune homeostasis by suppressing other immune cells. Behind this function is a complex network of transcription factors and signaling cascades that regulates the function and plasticity of regulatory T cells. Among these, Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is considered as the master transcription factor, and its stability will influence the function and viability of Treg cells. Because of this, understanding the mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 and its co-regulators will provide more understanding to Treg cells and uncover more targets to manipulate Treg cells in treating autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor. Interestingly, several recent studies show that ubiquitin-dependent pathways are important regulators of Foxp3, which suggest both great scientific and therapeutic values. In this chapter, we cover emerging evidence of ubiquitin-dependent, posttranslational regulation of Treg function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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32
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Bergantini L, Cameli P, d'Alessandro M, Vietri L, Perruzza M, Pieroni M, Lanzarone N, Refini RM, Fossi A, Bargagli E. Regulatory T Cells in Severe Persistent Asthma in the Era of Monoclonal Antibodies Target Therapies. Inflammation 2021; 43:393-400. [PMID: 31853715 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an immunoinflammatory disease characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity to different external stimuli. New monoclonal target treatments have been developed, but few studies have investigated the role of regulatory T cells in severe asthma and the modulatory effect of biological therapy on regulatory T cell functions. Their dysfunction may contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma. Here we review the recent literature on the potential immunological role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. The analysis of the role of regulatory T cells was performed in terms of functions and their possible interactions with mechanisms of action of the novel treatment for severe asthma. In an era of biological therapies for severe asthma, little data is available on the potential effects of what could be a new therapy: monoclonal antibody targeting of regulatory T cell numbers and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergantini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - P Cameli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M d'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - L Vietri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Perruzza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Pieroni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - N Lanzarone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - R M Refini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - A Fossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Bargagli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
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33
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Rahman Z, Dandekar MP. Crosstalk between gut microbiome and immunology in the management of ischemic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577498. [PMID: 33607506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury is a serious neurological complication, which accrues an immense activation of neuroinflammatory responses. Several lines of research suggested the interconnection of gut microbiota perturbation with the activation of proinflammatory mediators. Intestinal microbial communities also interchange information with the brain through various afferent and efferent channels and microbial by-products. Herein, we discuss the different microelements of gut microbiota and its connection with the host immune system and how change in immune-microbial signatures correlates with the stroke incidence and post-injury neurological sequelae. The activated inflammatory cells increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases and adhesive proteins that are involved in the systemic inflammation, blood brain barrier disruption, gut dysbiosis and aggravation of ischemic brain injury. We suggest that fine-tuning of commensal gut microbiota (eubiosis) may regulate the activation of CNS resident cells like microglial, astrocytes, mast cells and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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34
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Zhou L, He X, Cai P, Li T, Peng R, Dang J, Li Y, Li H, Huang F, Shi G, Xie C, Lu Y, Chen Y. Induced regulatory T cells suppress Tc1 cells through TGF-β signaling to ameliorate STZ-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:698-710. [PMID: 33446887 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. In addition to well-established pathogenic effector T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have also been shown to be defective in T1D. Thus, an increasing number of therapeutic approaches are being developed to target Tregs. However, the role and mechanisms of TGF-β-induced Tregs (iTregs) in T1D remain poorly understood. Here, using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced preclinical T1D mouse model, we found that iTregs could ameliorate the development of T1D and preserve β cell function. The preventive effect was associated with the inhibition of type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cell function and rebalancing the Treg/Tc1 cell ratio in recipients. Furthermore, we showed that the underlying mechanisms were due to the TGF-β-mediated combinatorial actions of mTOR and TCF1. In addition to the preventive role, the therapeutic effects of iTregs on the established STZ-T1D and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse models were tested, which revealed improved β cell function. Our findings therefore provide key new insights into the basic mechanisms involved in the therapeutic role of iTregs in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Peihong Cai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongdong Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chichu Xie
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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35
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Huang Z, Li W, Su W. Tregs in Autoimmune Uveitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:205-227. [PMID: 33523450 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is a chronic disease with relapsing and remitting ocular attack, which requires corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppression to prevent severe vision loss. Classically, uveitis is referred to an autoimmune disease, mediated by pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs). More and more evidence indicates that Tregs are involved in development, resolution, and remission of uveitis. Clinically, many researchers have conducted quantitative and functional analyses of peripheral blood from patients with different subtypes of uveitis, in an attempt to find the changing rules of Tregs. Consistently, using the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model, researchers have explored the development and resolution mechanism of uveitis in many aspects. In addition, many drug and Tregs therapy investigations have yielded encouraging results. In this chapter, we introduced the current understanding of Tregs, summarized the clinical changes in the number and function of patients with uveitis and the immune mechanism of Tregs involved in EAU model, as well as discussed the progress and shortcomings of Tregs-related drug therapy and Tregs therapy. Although the exact mechanism of Tregs-mediated uveitis protection remains to be elucidated, the strategy of Tregs regulation may provide a specific and meaningful way for the prevention and treatment of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Regulation of Treg Functions by the Ubiquitin Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:47-62. [PMID: 33523442 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Tregs) cells, required to maintain immune homeostasis, have significant power in disease outcomes. Treg dysfunction, predominantly characterized by the loss of the master transcription factor FoxP3 and the acquisition of Teff-like phenotypes, can promote autoimmunity as well as enhance anti-tumor immunity. As FoxP3 expression and stability are pinnacle for Treg suppressive functions, understanding the pathways that regulate FoxP3 is crucial to ascertain Treg-mediated therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer. Mechanisms controlling FoxP3 expression and stability range from transcriptional to posttranslational, revealing multiple therapeutic opportunities. While many of the transcriptional pathways have been explored in detail, a recent surge in interest on the posttranslational mechanisms regulating FoxP3 has arisen. Particularly, the role of ubiquitination on Tregs both directly and indirectly involving FoxP3 has gained interest. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on ubiquitin-dependent, FoxP3-mediated control of Treg function as it pertains to human diseases.
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37
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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38
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Du Y, Fang Q, Zheng SG. Regulatory T Cells: Concept, Classification, Phenotype, and Biological Characteristics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:1-31. [PMID: 33523440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an indispensable role in maintaining the body's immune nonresponse to self-antigens and suppressing the body's unwarranted and potentially harmful immune responses. Their absence, reduction, dysfunction, transformation, and instability can lead to numerous autoimmune diseases. There are several distinct subtypes of the Treg cells, although they share certain biological characteristics and have unique phenotypes with different regulatory functions, as well as mechanistic abilities. In this book chapter, we introduce the latest advances in Treg cell subtypes pertaining to classification, phenotype, biological characteristics, and mechanisms. We also highlight the relationship between Treg cells and various diseases, including autoimmune, infectious, as well as tumors and organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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39
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Regulatory T Cell Stability and Plasticity in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122665. [PMID: 33322482 PMCID: PMC7764358 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 and play crucial roles in self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Thymic tTregs are selected based on affinity for self-antigens and are stable under most conditions. Peripheral pTregs differentiate from conventional CD4 T cells under the influence of TGF-β and other cytokines and are less stable. Treg plasticity refers to their ability to inducibly express molecules characteristic of helper CD4 T cell lineages like T-helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 or follicular helper T cells. Plastic Tregs retain FoxP3 and are thought to be specialized regulators for “their” lineage. Unstable Tregs lose FoxP3 and switch to become exTregs, which acquire pro-inflammatory T-helper cell programs. Atherosclerosis with systemic hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory cytokines, and local hypoxia provides an environment that is likely conducive to Tregs switching to exTregs.
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40
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Liu X, Zhao J, Shi C, Liu Z, Shen H, Dang J, Li Y, Yang D, Wei J, Kang L, Zhou J, Cao F, Zheng SG, Wang Z. Construction of CII-Specific CAR-T to Explore the Cytokine Cascades Between Cartilage-Reactive T Cells and Chondrocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568741. [PMID: 33343563 PMCID: PMC7746615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine cascades exist in many autoimmune disorders which amplify and sustain the autoimmune process and lead to chronic inflammatory injury to the host tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that chondrocytes can interact with T cells, which may be a crucial event in inflammatory arthritis. To address the reciprocal influences of cartilage-reactive T cells and chondrocytes, we constructed cartilage-reactive T cells by developing a type II collagen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CII-CAR). An in vitro co-culture model of CII-CAR-T cells and fresh cartilage was developed, in which CII-CAR-T displayed specific proliferative capacity and cytokine release against fresh cartilage samples, and chondrocytes could respond to CII-CAR-T cells by secreting IL-6. The proposed model will help us to explore the possible cytokine cascades between cartilage-reactive T cells and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongguang Yang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqing Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhenkun Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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41
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Rodríguez Y, Novelli L, Rojas M, De Santis M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Ramírez-Santana C, Costanzo A, Ridgway WM, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Anaya JM. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102506. [PMID: 32563547 PMCID: PMC7296326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lucia Novelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
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42
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Yang S, Zhang X, Chen J, Dang J, Liang R, Zeng D, Zhang H, Xue Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Zhao J, Wang J, Pan Y, Xu H, Sun B, Huang F, Lu Y, Hsueh W, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Induced, but not natural, regulatory T cells retain phenotype and function following exposure to inflamed synovial fibroblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabb0606. [PMID: 33115734 PMCID: PMC7608803 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant number and/or dysfunction of CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A previous study has demonstrated that thymus-derived, natural Tregs (nTregs) prefer to accumulate in inflamed joints and transdifferentiate to TH17 cells under the stimulation of inflamed synovial fibroblasts (SFs). In this study, we made a head-to-head comparison of both Treg subsets and demonstrated that induced Tregs (iTregs), but not nTregs, retained Foxp3 expression and regulatory function on T effector cells (Teffs) after being primed with inflamed SFs. In addition, iTregs inhibited proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production, migration, and invasion ability of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)-SFs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we noted that iTregs directly targeted inflamed SFs to treat autoimmune arthritis, while nTregs failed to do this. Thus, manipulation of the iTreg subset may have a greater potential for prevention or treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jingrong Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Donglan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Youqiu Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry at Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Liu Y, Qi G, Bellanti JA, Moser R, Ryffel B, Zheng SG. Regulatory T cells: A potential weapon to combat COVID-19? MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:157-164. [PMID: 32838397 PMCID: PMC7436572 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, an infection disease termed COVID-19. The virus has spread throughout the world in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. The number of reported cases in global reached 5 695 596 including 352 460 deaths, as of May 27, 2020. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for COVID-19, various strategies are being tested. Recently, pathologic studies conducted by two teams in China revealed immunopathologic abnormalities in lung tissue. These results have implications for immunotherapy that could offer a novel therapy strategy for combating lethal viral pneumonia. This review discusses the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19, the roles of immune cells in pathological processes, and the possible avenues for induction of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells attenuating lung inflammation due to viral infection. It is our hope that these proposals may both be helpful in understanding the novel features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia as well as providing new immunological strategies for treating the severe sequelae of disease manifestations seen in people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical ImmunologySun Yat‐sen University Third Affiliated HospitalGuangzhouP. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology‐ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - René Moser
- Institute for Biopharmaceutical ResearchMatzingenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM)UMR 7355 INEMCNRS‐University of OrleansOrleansFrance
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal MedicineOhio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Medical CenterColumbusOhio
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Chen Y, Xu Z, Liang R, Wang J, Xu A, Na N, Li B, Wang R, Joseph M, Olsen N, Hsueh W, Zheng SG. CD4 +CD126 low/- Foxp3 + Cell Population Represents a Superior Subset of Regulatory T Cells in Treating Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2406-2416. [PMID: 32738192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, we and others have previously reported that natural Treg cells are unstable and dysfunctional in the inflamed environment with a high-salt diet, limiting the Treg function in disease control. In this study, we made an innovative observation showing a high degree of heterogeneity within the Treg pool. We identified that CD126, interleukin (IL)-6 receptor alpha chain, contributed to Treg cell instability. Using a series of in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, we demonstrated that CD126Lo/- Treg cells presented greater function and were more stable than CD126Hi nTreg cells, even in the presence of IL-6 and inflammation. Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) interrupted CD126Lo/- nTreg cell stability. Additionally, CD126Lo/- Treg cells can treat colitis and established collagen-induced arthritis, while the CD126Hi cell population failed to do this. Moreover, we noted that CD126 expression of Treg cells had a positive correlation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severity and the stability of Treg cells. Our results strongly suggest that the manipulation of CD126Lo/- nTreg cells could be a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and for other conditions associated with a deficit of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Zhenjian Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ning Na
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Miller Joseph
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
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Type 2 inflammation suppression by T-regulatory cells attenuates the eosinophil recruitment in mucosa of chronic sinusitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:123-138. [PMID: 31922185 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation and eosinophilic infiltration are prominent pathologic features of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The purpose of the present study was to determine the roles of Tregs in controlling type 2 inflammation and inhibiting eosinophilic infiltration in CRSwNP. A total of 134 nasal polyps, 67 ostiomeatal complex from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and 62 normal nasal tissues from controls were collected to study the enumeration and function of Tregs cells and the expressions of cytokine profiles via immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and/or H&E staining. The effects of Tregs on type2 and type3 inflammations were determined in an eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (ECRS) mice model. It was confirmed that the CRSwNP displayed the features of Th2 and Th17 cells-mediated inflammation, accompanying by an increased level of eosinophilic infiltration and the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), with a decreased frequency of Treg cells. Furthermore, the percentages of CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg were only decreased in the polyps of CRSwNP but not in the paired peripheral blood. The CRSwNP possessed the decreased Nrp1+Tregs, Helios+Treg, and low TGF-β and interleukin (IL)-10 expressions in Tregs. The ECRS mice showed similar inflammatory characteristics to CRSwNP patients. The adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells significantly decreased the inflammatory cytokines, eosinophilic chemotactic factors in the mucosa of the ECRS mice without alteration of the immune balance in the peripheral blood and spleen. In conclusion, CRSwNP showed high type 2 and type3 inflammation and defective Tregs. The induced regulatory T cell (iTreg) may correct the imbalance between immune tolerance and effect via limiting the eosinophil recruitment of mucosa in CRSwNP.
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Fang Q, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. Advances on the role of the deleted in breast cancer (DBC1) in cancer and autoimmune diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:449-454. [PMID: 32337788 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6mr0320-086r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) is a human nuclear protein that modulates the activities of various proteins. Most of the research on DBC1 has focused on metabolism and epigenetics because it is a crucial endogenic inhibitor of deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). In this review, we have discussed and summarized the new advances in DBC1 research, mostly focusing on its structure, regulatory function, and significance in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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47
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Luo Y, Xue Y, Wang J, Dang J, Fang Q, Huang G, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Negligible Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Development and Function of TGF-β-Induced CD4 + Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1869-1879.e3. [PMID: 30759396 PMCID: PMC6948355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt diets inhibit the suppressive function of thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells (tTreg). Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced ex vivo regulatory T cells (iTreg) comprise another Treg subset that exhibits similarities and differences with tTreg. Here, we demonstrate that iTregs are completely stable and fully functional under high salt conditions. High salt does not influence the development, differentiation, and functional activities of iTreg but affects Foxp3 stability and function of tTreg in vitro and in vivo. In addition, high salt does not significantly change the transcription profiles of the iTreg signature or pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, we conclude that iTreg, unlike tTreg, are stable and functional in the presence of high salt. Our findings provide additional evidence that iTreg may have different biological features from tTreg and suggest a greater potential for clinical utility in patients with autoimmune diseases, in which the complicated role of environmental factors, including diet, must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Youqiu Xue
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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White MPJ, McManus CM, Maizels RM. Regulatory T-cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential. Immunology 2020; 160:248-260. [PMID: 32153025 PMCID: PMC7341546 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily within tropical regions, and their ability to down‐modulate host immunity is key to their persistence. Helminths have developed multiple mechanisms that induce a state of hyporesponsiveness or immune suppression within the host; of particular interest are mechanisms that drive the induction of regulatory T‐cells (Tregs). Helminths actively induce Tregs either directly by secreting factors, such as the TGF‐β mimic Hp‐TGM, or indirectly by interacting with bystander cell types such as dendritic cells and macrophages that then induce Tregs. Expansion of Tregs not only enhances parasite survival but, in cases such as filarial infection, Tregs also play a role in preventing parasite‐associated pathologies. Furthermore, Tregs generated during helminth infection have been associated with suppression of bystander immunopathologies in a range of inflammatory conditions such as allergy and autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss evidence from natural and experimental infections that point to the pathways and molecules involved in helminth Treg induction, and postulate how parasite‐derived molecules and/or Tregs might be applied as anti‐inflammatory therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine P J White
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caitlin M McManus
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Liu Y, Jarjour W, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Traitor or warrior-Treg cells sneaking into the lesions of psoriatic arthritis. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108425. [PMID: 32305454 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recognized to maintain immune tolerance, which contributes to prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, recent evidence has demonstrated different characteristics of these cells between those that are in circulation compared to those in various local tissues. In addition, the ability of Treg cells to have plasticity in certain disease settings and in inflammatory lesions has been increasingly recognized. Herein we summarize updated knowledge of Treg biology and discuss the current understanding of tissue-resident Treg cells in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), attempting to provide new insights into precise role of Treg cells in the immune response and as a possible therapeutic intervention in patients with PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Wael Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus 43210, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey 17031, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus 43210, USA.
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50
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Zhang X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. The progress and prospect of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102461. [PMID: 32305296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are an important immune cell population, playing a crucial role in regulating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. These cells consist of various cell sub-populations and generally have an immunoregulatory or suppressive role against immune responses. They also have a different cell heterogeneity and each populations has own biological characteristics. Treg deficiency, reduction, instability, reduced vitality and dysfunction all account for multiple autoimmune diseases. In this review, we have systemically reviewed Treg classification, phenotypic features, regulation of Foxp3 expression, plasticity and stability of Treg as well as their relationship with several important autoimmune diseases. We particularly focus on why and how inflammatory and diet environments affect the functional capacity and underlying mechanisms of Treg cell populations. We also summarize new advances in technologies which help to analyze and dissect these cells in molecular levels in-depth. We also clarify the possible clinical relevance on application of these cells in patients with autoimmune diseases. The advantages and weaknesses have been carefully discussed as well. We also propose the possible approaches to overcome these weaknesses of Treg cells in complicate environments. Thus, we have displayed the updated knowledge of Treg cells, which provides an overall insight into the role and mechanisms of Treg cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, PA, 43201, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine at Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, 17033, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, PA, 43201, USA.
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