1
|
Lei W, Li X, Li S, Zhou F, Guo Y, Zhang M, Jin X, Zhang H. Targeting neutrophils extracellular traps, a promising anti-thrombotic therapy for natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117310. [PMID: 39226727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombi are the main cause of vascular occlusion and contribute significantly to cardiovascular events and death. Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs)-induced thrombosis plays a vital role in thrombotic complications and it takes the main responsibility for the resistance of fibrinolysis. However, the conventional anti-thrombotic therapies are inadequate to treat NETs-induced thrombotic complications but carry a high risk of bleeding. Consequently, increased attention has shifted towards exploring novel anti-thrombotic treatments targeting NETs. Interestingly, accumulating evidences prove that natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a great potential to mitigate thrombosis through inhibiting generous NETs formation and degrading excessive NETs. In this review, we elaborated the formation and degradation of NETs and highlighted its pivotal role in immunothrombosis through interactions with platelets and coagulation factors. Since available anti-thrombotic drugs targeting NETs are deficient, we further summarized the natural products and compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines which exert effective actions on regulating NETs formation and also have anti-thrombotic effects. Our findings underscore the diverse effects of natural products in targeting NETs, including relieving inflammation and oxidative stress of neutrophils, inhibiting neutrophils activation and DNA efflux, suppressing granule proteins release, reducing histones and promoting DNA degradation. This review aims to highlight the significance of natural medicines in anti-thrombotic therapies through targeting NETs and to lay a groundwork for developing novel anti-thrombotic agents from traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fengjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yadi Guo
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinyao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Long D, Mao C, Xu Y, Zhu Y. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425251. [PMID: 39170617 PMCID: PMC11335521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic non-recessive inflammation of the intestinal mucosa involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Currently, new targeted therapies are urgently needed for UC, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are new therapeutic options. NETs are DNA-based networks released from neutrophils into the extracellular space after stimulation, in which a variety of granule proteins, proteolytic enzymes, antibacterial peptides, histones, and other network structures are embedded. With the deepening of the studies on NETs, their regulatory role in the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases has received extensive attention in recent years. Increasing evidence indicates that excess NETs exacerbate the inflammatory response in UC, disrupting the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier and increasing the risk of thrombosis. Although NETs are usually assigned a deleterious role in promoting the pathological process of UC, they also appear to have a protective role in some models. Despite such progress, comprehensive reviews describing the therapeutic promise of NETs in UC remain limited. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence for the formation and degradation of NETs, focusing on their double-edged role in UC. Finally, the potential implications of NETs as therapeutic targets for UC will be discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic options for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassan HA, Ahmed HS, Hassan DF. Free radicals and oxidative stress: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets: Review article. Hum Antibodies 2024:HAB240011. [PMID: 39031349 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free radicals are small extremely reactive species that have unpaired electrons. Free radicals include subgroups of reactive species, which are all a product of regular cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress happens when the free radicals production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant system in the body's cells. OBJECTIVE The current review clarifies the prospective role of antioxidants in the inhibition and healing of diseases. METHODS Information on oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxidant species, and natural and synthetic antioxidants was obtained by searching electronic databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct, with articles published between 1987 and 2023 being included in this review. RESULTS Free radicals exhibit a dual role in living systems. They are toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that lead to oxidative injury and tissue disorders and act as signals to activate appropriate stress responses. Endogenous and exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species are discussed in this review. Oxidative stress is a component of numerous diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Although various small molecules assessed as antioxidants have shown therapeutic prospects in preclinical studies, clinical trial outcomes have been inadequate. Understanding the mechanisms through which antioxidants act, where, and when they are active may reveal a rational approach that leads to more tremendous pharmacological success. This review studies the associations between oxidative stress, redox signaling, and disease, the mechanisms through which oxidative stress can donate to pathology, the antioxidant defenses, the limits of their effectiveness, and antioxidant defenses that can be increased through physiological signaling, dietary constituents, and probable pharmaceutical interference. Prospective clinical applications of enzyme mimics and current progress in metal- and non-metal-based materials with enzyme-like activities and protection against chronic diseases have been discussed. CONCLUSION This review discussed oxidative stress as one of the main causes of illnesses, as well as antioxidant systems and their defense mechanisms that can be useful in inhibiting these diseases. Thus, the positive and deleterious effects of antioxidant molecules used to lessen oxidative stress in numerous human diseases are discussed. The optimal level of vitamins and minerals is the amount that achieves the best feed benefit, best growth rate, and health, including immune efficiency, and provides sufficient amounts to the body.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Y, Elrod J, Herrmann M, Knopf J, Boettcher M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Crucial Factor in Post-Surgical Abdominal Adhesion Formation. Cells 2024; 13:991. [PMID: 38891123 PMCID: PMC11171752 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-surgical abdominal adhesions, although poorly understood, are highly prevalent. The molecular processes underlying their formation remain elusive. This review aims to assess the relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the generation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions and to discuss methods for mitigating peritoneal adhesions. A keyword or medical subject heading (MeSH) search for all original articles and reviews was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar. It included studies assessing peritoneal adhesion reformation after abdominal surgery from 2003 to 2023. After assessing for eligibility, the selected articles were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. The search yielded 127 full-text articles for assessment of eligibility, of which 7 studies met our criteria and were subjected to a detailed quality review using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The selected studies offer a comprehensive analysis of adhesion pathogenesis with a special focus on the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development of peritoneal adhesions. Current interventional strategies are examined, including the use of mechanical barriers, advances in regenerative medicine, and targeted molecular therapies. In particular, this review emphasizes the potential of NET-targeted interventions as promising strategies to mitigate postoperative adhesion development. Evidence suggests that in addition to their role in innate defense against infections and autoimmune diseases, NETs also play a crucial role in the formation of peritoneal adhesions after surgery. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target NETs are emerging as significant considerations for researchers. Continued research is vital to fully elucidate the relationship between NETs and post-surgical adhesion formation to develop effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Elrod
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zielke C, Nielsen JE, Lin JS, Barron AE. Between good and evil: Complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids. Biophys J 2024; 123:1316-1328. [PMID: 37919905 PMCID: PMC11163296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides a crucial first line of defense against invading pathogens attacking the body. As the only member of the human cathelicidin family, the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has been shown to have antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. In complexation with nucleic acids, LL-37 is suggested to maintain its beneficial health effects while also acting as a condensation agent for the nucleic acid. Complexes formed by LL-37 and nucleic acids have been shown to be immunostimulatory with a positive impact on the human innate immune system. However, some studies also suggest that in some circumstances, LL-37/nucleic acid complexes may be a contributing factor to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of research highlighting the beneficial health effects of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes, as well as discussing observed detrimental effects. We will emphasize why it is important to investigate and elucidate structural characteristics, such as condensation patterns of nucleic acids within complexation, and their mechanisms of action, to shed light on the intricate physiological effects of LL-37 and the seemingly contradictory role of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes in the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zielke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Yu S, Lv C, Tian Y. NETosis in tumour microenvironment of liver: From primary to metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102297. [PMID: 38599524 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common and highly lethal tumour. The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A cell death mechanism, termed NETosis, has been found to play an important role in the TME of HCC. SUMMARY This review article focuses on the role of NETosis in the TME of HCC, a novel form of cell death in which neutrophils capture and kill microorganisms by releasing a type of DNA meshwork fibres called "NETs". This process is associated with neutrophil activation, local inflammation and cytokines. The study suggests that NETs play a multifaceted role in the development and metastasis of HCC. The article also discusses the role of NETs in tumour proliferation and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and surgical stress. In addition, the article discusses the interaction of NETosis with other immune cells in the TME and related therapeutic strategies. A deeper understanding of NETosis can help us better understand the complexity of the immune system and provide a new therapeutic basis for the treatment and prevention of HCC. KEY INFORMATION In conclusion, NETosis is important in the TME of liver. NETs have been shown to contribute to the progression and metastasis of liver cancer. The interaction between NETosis and immune cells in the TME, as well as related therapies, are important areas of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Siyue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun C, Wang S, Ma Z, Zhou J, Ding Z, Yuan G, Pan Y. Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393173. [PMID: 38779679 PMCID: PMC11109384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilin Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rizo-Téllez SA, Filep JG. Beyond host defense and tissue injury: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C661-C683. [PMID: 38189129 PMCID: PMC11193466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00652.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in human blood, play a fundamental role in host defense against invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils carry potentially lethal weaponry to the affected site. Inadvertent and perpetual neutrophil activation could lead to nonresolving inflammation and tissue damage, a unifying mechanism of many common diseases. The prevailing view emphasizes the dichotomy of their function, host defense versus tissue damage. However, tissue injury may also persist during neutropenia, which is associated with disease severity and poor outcome. Numerous studies highlight neutrophil phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility, indicating that neutrophils play more complex roles than previously thought. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation and tissue repair and facilitate return to homeostasis. Thus, neutrophils mobilize multiple mechanisms to limit the inflammatory reaction, assure debris removal, matrix remodeling, cytokine scavenging, macrophage reprogramming, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the homeostatic and tissue-reparative functions and mechanisms of neutrophils across organs. We will also discuss how the healing power of neutrophils might be harnessed to develop novel resolution and repair-promoting therapies while maintaining their defense functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Rizo-Téllez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma H, Yao W, Peng B, Liu X, Chen J, Lin Y, Di T, Li P, He X. Mercury-containing preparations attenuate neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice and humans through inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117421. [PMID: 37979820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation plays a crucial role in wound healing disorders, including chronic skin ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Over the years, traditional Chinese topical medications, such as Cinnabar (composed of HgS and soluble mercury salt) and hydrargyria oxydum rubrum (containing HgO and soluble mercury salt), have been utilized for treating these ailments. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes remain mostly ambiguous. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to investigate the potential effects of topical mercury-containing preparations on the process of NET formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals and mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were cultured with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), both with and without the mercury-containing preparations (MCP). The formation of NETs was monitored using confocal and scanning electron microscopes. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent probes were employed to assess the levels of citrulline histone H3 (Cit-H3) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The impact of MCP extracts on cytokine expression, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured through Luminex and ELISA assays. Phagocytosis of human neutrophils was analyzed using Flow Cytometry. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of ERK were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with MCP led to a reduction in PAD4, Cit-H3, and MPO expressions in neutrophils, consequently inhibiting PMA-induced NET formation. MCP treatment also dampened ERK1/2 activation in neutrophils. Furthermore, MCP exhibited inhibitory effects on the secretion of the cytokine IL-8 and ROS production while enhancing neutrophil phagocytosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MCP can mitigate the release of NETs, likely by suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huike Ma
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Bing Peng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tingting Di
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xiujuan He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Wang C, Li J. Neutrophil extracellular traps: a catalyst for atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04931-3. [PMID: 38401035 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are network-like structures released by activated neutrophils. They consist mainly of double-stranded DNA, histones, and neutrophil granule proteins. Continuous release of NETs in response to external stimuli leads to activation of surrounding platelets and monocytes/macrophages, resulting in damage to endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Some clinical trials have demonstrated the association between NETs and the severity and prognosis of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, experimental findings have shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which NETs contribute to atherogenesis. NETs play a significant role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the relationship between NETs and atherosclerosis. It explores various aspects, including the formation of NETs in atherosclerosis, clinical trials investigating NET-induced atherosclerosis, the mechanisms by which NETs promote atherogenesis, and the translational implications of NETs. Ultimately, we aim to propose new research directions for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shafqat A, Khan JA, Alkachem AY, Sabur H, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Sing GK. How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17583. [PMID: 38139412 PMCID: PMC10744338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant of the circulating immune cells and are the first to be recruited to sites of inflammation. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from which are derived extracellular traps (NETs), reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, and alarmins that regulate the recruitment and phenotypes of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. In addition, cytokine-stimulated neutrophils can express class II major histocompatibility complex and the internal machinery necessary for successful antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells. This may be relevant in the context of vaccine memory. Neutrophils thus emerge as orchestrators of immune responses that play a key role in determining the outcome of infections, vaccine efficacy, and chronic diseases like autoimmunity and cancer. This review aims to provide a synthesis of current evidence as regards the role of these functions of neutrophils in homeostasis and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia (K.A.); (A.Y.); (G.K.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Wang R, Song C, Ding S, Zuo Y, Yi K, Li N, Wang B, Geng Q. Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and immune regulation: insights into pathobiology and therapeutic implications of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1324021. [PMID: 38162674 PMCID: PMC10755469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-associated death, occurring during or within 6 hours after transfusion. Reports indicate that TRALI can be categorized as having or lacking acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk factors. There are two types of TRALI in terms of its pathogenesis: antibody-mediated and non-antibody-mediated. The key initiation steps involve the priming and activation of neutrophils, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) being established as effector molecules formed by activated neutrophils in response to various stimuli. These NETs contribute to the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and participate in the destruction of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The significant role of NETs in TRALI is well recognized, offering a potential pathway for TRALI treatment. Moreover, platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, and complements have been identified as promoters of NET formation. Concurrently, studies have demonstrated that the storage of platelets and concentrated red blood cells (RBC) can induce TRALI through bioactive lipids. In this article, recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of TRALI are reviewed to further illuminate the mechanism through which NETs induce TRALI. This review aims to propose new therapeutic strategies for TRALI, with the hope of effectively improving its poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu J, Zhang S, Jing Y, Zou W. Neutrophil extracellular traps in intracerebral hemorrhage: implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2505-2520. [PMID: 37486436 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a common neurological disease, and its pathological mechanism is complex. As the first recruited leukocyte subtype after intracerebral hemorrhage, neutrophils play an important role in tissue damage. In the past, it was considered that neutrophils performed their functions through phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In recent years, studies have found that neutrophils also have the function of secreting extracellular traps. Extracellular traps are fibrous structure composed of chromatin and granular proteins, which plays an important role in innate immunity. Studies have shown a large number of neutrophil extracellular traps in hematoma samples, plasma samples, and drainage samples after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we summarized the related mechanisms of neutrophil external traps and injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neutrophil extracellular traps are involved in the process of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. The application of related inhibitors to inhibit the formation of neutrophil external traps or promote their dissolution can effectively alleviate the pathological damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunnan Jing
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pastorek M, Konečná B, Janko J, Janovičová Ľ, Podracká Ľ, Záhumenský J, Šteňová E, Dúbrava M, Hodosy J, Vlková B, Celec P. Mitochondria-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is enhanced in the elderly via Toll-like receptor 9. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:651-665. [PMID: 37648664 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps are potent antimicrobial weapons; however, their formation during sterile inflammation is detrimental, and the mechanism of induction is still unclear. Since advanced age is the primary clinical risk factor for poor outcomes in inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized that sterile stimuli, represented by mitochondria, would induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, we analyzed induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients grouped according to age or immune status and observed that neutrophils from elderly patients responded to the presence of mitochondria with enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These neutrophil extracellular traps were also found to be more oxidized and exhibited higher resistance to DNase I degradation. Additionally, a higher concentration of residual neutrophil extracellular traps was detected in the plasma of the elderly. This plasma was capable of priming neutrophils through TLR9-mediated signaling, leading to further neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which was successfully inhibited with chloroquine. Finally, in a mouse model of mitochondria-induced acute lung injury, we observed that neutrophils from aged mice displayed impaired chemotactic activity but exhibited a trend of higher neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Thus, we propose that residual neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in the elderly preactivate neutrophils, making them more prone to enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation when exposed to mitochondria during sterile inflammation. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this vicious circle could be a suitable therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Janovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Limbová 1, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Záhumenský
- 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Emöke Šteňová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Dúbrava
- 1st Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Emergency Medicine Ružinov, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng G, González V, Vázquez E, Lundberg JO, Fadeel B. Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanosheets evoke nitric oxide-dependent antibacterial effects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17409-17421. [PMID: 37846587 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently being explored as novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we first investigated the ability of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets to trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) using neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells as well as primary human peripheral blood neutrophils. We then addressed whether the MoS2 nanosheets themselves function as antibacterial agents. We found that MoS2 and Na2MoO4 both triggered NETs, as evidenced by the quantification of neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and immunofluorescence staining of extracellular NE, as well as scanning electron microscopy. The release of NETs was found to be nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. We also found that the MoS2 nanosheets but not the soluble salt prompted acellular NO production in the presence of NaNO2. The acellular generation of NO, suggestive of nanozyme properties of the MoS2 nanosheets, was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry confirmed the redox transition of the MoS2 nanosheets. Finally, MoS2 nanosheets inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of sodium nitrate. Taken together, MoS2 nanosheets triggered cellular effects as well as acellular antibacterial effects, and we provided evidence for nitrite reductase-like properties of MoS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Viviana González
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Teconologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liang F, Peng C, Luo X, Wang L, Huang Y, Yin L, Yue L, Yang J, Zhao X. A single-cell atlas of immunocytes in the spleen of a mouse model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104783. [PMID: 37944382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a disorder characterized by rare X-linked genetic immune deficiency with mutations in the Was gene, which is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. The spleen plays a major role in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. However, to date, comprehensive analyses of the spleen in wild-type (WT) and WASp-deficient (WAS-KO) mice, especially at the transcriptome level, have not been reported. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to identify various types of immune cells and investigate the mechanisms underlying immune deficiency. We identified 30 clusters and 10 major cell subtypes among 11,269 cells; these cell types included B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, stem cells and erythrocytes. Moreover, we evaluated gene expression differences among cell subtypes, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and performed enrichment analyses to identify the reasons for the dysfunction in these different cell populations in WAS. Furthermore, some key genes were identified based on a comparison of the DEGs in each cell type involved in specific and nonspecific immune responses, and further analysis showed that these key genes were previously undiscovered pathology-related genes in WAS-KO mice. In summary, we present a landscape of immune cells in the spleen of WAS-KO mice based on detailed data obtained at single-cell resolution. These unprecedented data revealed the transcriptional characteristics of specific and nonspecific immune cells, and the key genes were identified, laying a foundation for future studies of WAS, especially studies into novel and underexplored mechanisms that may improve gene therapies for WAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianze Luo
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luming Yue
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen XQ, Tu L, Tang Q, Zou JS, Yun X, Qin YH. DNase I targeted degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps to reduce the damage on IgAV rat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291592. [PMID: 37906560 PMCID: PMC10617705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past two years, studies have found a significant increase in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV), which is correlated with the severity of the disease. NETs have been reported as an intervention target in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of targeted degradation of NETs using DNase I in IgAV rat model. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the IgAV model group, the DNase I intervention group and the normal control group, with an average of 8 rats in each group. The model group was established by using Indian ink, ovalbumin, and Freund's complete adjuvant. In the intervention group, DNase I was injected through tail vein 3 days before the end of established model. The circulating cell free-DNA (cf-DNA) and myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA) were analyzed. The presence of NETs in the kidney, gastric antrum and descending duodenum were detected using multiple fluorescences immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Morphological changes of the tissues were observed. RESULTS After the intervention of DNase I, there was a significant reduction in cf-DNA and MPO-DNA levels in the intervention group compared to the IgAV model group (all P<0.001). The presence of NETs in renal, gastric, and duodenal tissues of the intervention group exhibited a significant decrease compared to the IgAV model group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower levels of renal MPO and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) protein expression when compared to the IgAV model group (all P < 0.05). The HE staining results of intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in congestion within glomerular and interstitial capillaries. Moreover, there was a notable improvement in gastric and intestinal mucosa necrosis, congestion and bleeding. Additionally, there was a substantial decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration. CONCLUSION The degradation of NETs can be targeted by DNase I to mitigate tissue damage in IgAV rat models. Targeted regulation of NETs holds potential as a therapeutic approach for IgAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Sen Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Juha M, Molnár A, Jakus Z, Ledó N. NETosis: an emerging therapeutic target in renal diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253667. [PMID: 37744367 PMCID: PMC10514582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures composed of nuclear and granular components. The primary role of NETS is to prevent the dissemination of microbes and facilitate their elimination. However, this process is accompanied by collateral proinflammatory adverse effects when the NET release becomes uncontrollable, or clearance is impaired. Although NET-induced organ damage is conducted primarily and indirectly via immune complexes and the subsequent release of cytokines, their direct effects on cells are also remarkable. NETosis plays a critical pathogenic role in several renal disorders, such as the early phase of acute tubular necrosis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated renal vasculitis, lupus nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Their substantial contribution in the course of these disorders makes them a desirable target in the therapeutic armamentarium. This article gives an in-depth review of the heterogeneous pathogenesis and physiological regulations of NETosis and its pivotal role in renal diseases. Based on the pathogenesis, the article also outlines the current therapeutic options and possible molecular targets in the treatment of NET-related renal disorders. Methods We carried out thorough literature research published in PubMed and Google Scholar, including a comprehensive review and analysis of the classification, pathomechanisms, and a broad spectrum of NET-related kidney disorders. Conclusions NETosis plays a pivotal role in certain renal diseases. It initiates and maintains inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, thus making it a desirable target for improving patient and renal outcomes. Better understanding and clinical translation of the pathogenesis are crucial aspects to treatment, for improving patient, and renal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márk Juha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adél Molnár
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Ledó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Melbouci D, Haidar Ahmad A, Decker P. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET): not only antimicrobial but also modulators of innate and adaptive immunities in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003104. [PMID: 37562857 PMCID: PMC10423839 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) represent one of the first lines of defence against invading pathogens and are the most abundant leucocytes in the circulation. Generally described as pro-inflammatory cells, recent data suggest that PMN also have immunomodulatory capacities. In response to certain stimuli, activated PMN expel neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), structures made of DNA and associated proteins. Although originally described as an innate immune mechanism fighting bacterial infection, NET formation (or probably rather an excess of NET together with impaired clearance of NET) may be deleterious. Indeed, NET have been implicated in the development of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as fibrosis or cancer. They have been suggested as a source of (neo)autoantigens or regulatory proteins like proteases or to act as a physical barrier. Different mechanisms of NET formation have been described, leading to PMN death or not, depending on the stimulus. Interestingly, NET may be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and this probably partly depends on the mechanism, and thus the stimuli, triggering NET formation. Within this review, we will describe the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of NET and especially how NET may modulate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyhia Melbouci
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
| | - Ahmad Haidar Ahmad
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
| | - Patrice Decker
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vinuesa CG, Grenov A, Kassiotis G. Innate virus-sensing pathways in B cell systemic autoimmunity. Science 2023; 380:478-484. [PMID: 37141353 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although all multicellular organisms have germ line-encoded innate receptors to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, vertebrates also evolved adaptive immunity based on somatically generated antigen receptors on B and T cells. Because randomly generated antigen receptors may also react with self-antigens, tolerance checkpoints operate to limit but not completely prevent autoimmunity. These two systems are intricately linked, with innate immunity playing an instrumental role in the induction of adaptive antiviral immunity. In this work, we review how inborn errors of innate immunity can instigate B cell autoimmunity. Increased nucleic acid sensing, often resulting from defects in metabolizing pathways or retroelement control, can break B cell tolerance and converge into TLR7-, cGAS-STING-, or MAVS-dominant signaling pathways. The resulting syndromes span a spectrum that ranges from chilblain and systemic lupus to severe interferonopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola G Vinuesa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- China Centre for Personalised Immunology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - George Kassiotis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh J, Boettcher M, Dölling M, Heuer A, Hohberger B, Leppkes M, Naschberger E, Schapher M, Schauer C, Schoen J, Stürzl M, Vitkov L, Wang H, Zlatar L, Schett GA, Pisetsky DS, Liu ML, Herrmann M, Knopf J. Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:861-875. [PMID: 36755071 PMCID: PMC9907214 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. Here, we discuss (I) the cellular events involved in the extracellular release of chromatin and NET formation, (II) the devastating consequence of a dysregulated NET formation, and (III) the imbalance between NET formation and clearance. We include the role of NET formation in the occlusion of vessels and ducts, in lung disease, in autoimmune diseases, in chronic oral disorders, in cancer, in the formation of adhesions, and in traumatic spinal cord injury. To develop effective therapies, it is of utmost importance to target pathways that cause decondensation of chromatin during exaggerated NET formation and aggregation. Alternatively, therapies that support the clearance of extracellular chromatin are conceivable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeshan Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dölling
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Heuer
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg HaTriCS4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirco Schapher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Department of Dental Pathology, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticija Zlatar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg A Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Department of Medicine and Immunology and Medical Research Service, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fang L, Ying S, Xu X, Wu D. TREX1 cytosolic DNA degradation correlates with autoimmune disease and cancer immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:193-207. [PMID: 36745566 PMCID: PMC10038326 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is catalytically active and can degrade dsDNA or ssDNA in the cytosol, whereas the C-terminal domain is primarily involved in protein localization. TREX1 deficiency induces cytosolic DNA accumulation as well as activation of the cGAS-STING-IFN signaling pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, TREX1 expression in cancer immunity can be adaptively regulated to promote tumor proliferation, making it a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fang
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De Wu
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adrover JM, McDowell SAC, He XY, Quail DF, Egeblad M. NETworking with cancer: The bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:505-526. [PMID: 36827980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are major effectors and regulators of the immune system. They play critical roles not only in the eradication of pathogens but also in cancer initiation and progression. Conversely, the presence of cancer affects neutrophil activity, maturation, and lifespan. By promoting or repressing key neutrophil functions, cancer cells co-opt neutrophil biology to their advantage. This co-opting includes hijacking one of neutrophils' most striking pathogen defense mechanisms: the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like filamentous extracellular structures of DNA, histones, and cytotoxic granule-derived proteins. Here, we discuss the bidirectional interplay by which cancer stimulates NET formation, and NETs in turn support disease progression. We review how vascular dysfunction and thrombosis caused by neutrophils and NETs underlie an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular events in cancer patients. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that may be effective in targeting NETs in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Adrover
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sheri A C McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan M, Gu Y, Sun H, Ge Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135086. [PMID: 36993957 PMCID: PMC10040667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is a growing field of research that involves immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived extracellular web-like chromatin structures that are composed of histones and granule proteins. Initially discovered as the predominant host defense against pathogens, NETs have attracted increasing attention due to they have also been tightly associated with tumor. Excessive NET formation has been linked to increased tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, through direct and/or indirect effects on immune cells, an abnormal increase in NETs benefits immune exclusion and inhibits T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize the recent but rapid progress in understanding the pivotal roles of NETs in tumor and anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the most relevant challenges in the field. We believe that NETs may be a promising therapeutic target for tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meina Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Meina Yan, ;
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs) Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054896. [PMID: 36902325 PMCID: PMC10002918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been exploring the mechanisms driving NETs formation, much less attention has been paid to the degradation and elimination of these structures. The NETs clearance and the effective removal of extracellular DNA, enzymatic proteins (neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase) or histones are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis, to prevent inflammation and to avoid the presentation of self-antigens. The persistence and overabundance of DNA fibers in the circulation and tissues may have dramatic consequences for a host leading to the development of various systemic and local damage. NETs are cleaved by a concerted action of extracellular and secreted deoxyribonucleases (DNases) followed by intracellular degradation by macrophages. NETs accumulation depends on the ability of DNase I and DNAse II to hydrolyze DNA. Furthermore, the macrophages actively engulf NETs and this event is facilitated by the preprocessing of NETs by DNase I. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss the current knowledge about the mechanisms of NETs degradation and its role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer and severe infections, as well as to discuss the possibilities for potential therapeutic interventions. Several anti-NETs approaches had therapeutic effects in animal models of cancer and autoimmune diseases; nevertheless, the development of new drugs for patients needs further study for an effective development of clinical compounds that are able to target NETs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sadeghi M, Dehnavi S, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Neutrophil extracellular trap: A key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109843. [PMID: 36764274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that neutrophils might have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases through neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and organ destruction. NET components that are released into extracellular spaces can be considered autoantigens, which contribute to causing a break in self-tolerance. Subsequently, this leads to the development of autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals. Additionally, an imbalance between NET formation and NET degradation may prolong immune system contact with these modified autoantigens and enhance NET-induced tissue damage. In this review, we discuss the generation and clearance of the NET, as well as the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bert S, Nadkarni S, Perretti M. Neutrophil-T cell crosstalk and the control of the host inflammatory response. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:36-49. [PMID: 36326214 PMCID: PMC10952212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While fundamental in their innate role in combating infection and responding to injury, neutrophils are emerging as key modulators of adaptive immune responses. Such functions are attained via both soluble and nonsoluble effectors that enable at least two major downstream outcomes: first, to mediate and control acute inflammatory responses and second, to regulate adaptive immunity and ultimately promoting the development and maintenance of immune tolerance either by releasing immuno-modulatory factors, including cytokines, or by directly interacting with cells of the adaptive immune system. Herein, we review these novel properties of neutrophils and redefine the pathophysiological functions of these fascinating multi-tasking cells, exploring the different mechanisms through which neutrophils are able to either enhance and orchestrate T cell pro-inflammatory responses or inhibit T cell activity to maintain immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bert
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Suchita Nadkarni
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Filipczak N, Li X, Saawant GR, Yalamarty SSK, Luther E, Torchilin VP. Antibody-modified DNase I micelles specifically recognize the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and promote their degradation. J Control Release 2023; 354:109-119. [PMID: 36596341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures consisting of decondensed chromatin with associated proteins, including histones and antimicrobial peptides, released from activated neutrophils. They are believed to be one of the body's first lines of defense against infectious agents. Despite their beneficial effect on the immune response process, some studies indicate that their excessive formation and the associated accumulation of extracellular DNA (eDNA) together with other polyelectrolytes (F-actin) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus NETs formation and removal are clinically significant. The monoclonal antibody 2C5 has strong specificity for intact nucleohistones (NS) and targets NS in NETs as we previously confirmed. Creation of a nano preparation that can specifically recognize and destroy NETs represents the aim for treatment many diseases. 2C5 antibody functionalized micelles coated with DNase I were created to achieve this aim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaurav Rajan Saawant
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ed Luther
- Supervisor of Shared Research Facilities, School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chan L, Wood GA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Neutrophils in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccination: The Potential Roles of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020896. [PMID: 36674412 PMCID: PMC9866544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have conflicting roles in the context of cancers, where they have been associated with contributing to both anti-tumor and pro-tumor responses. Their functional heterogenicity is plastic and can be manipulated by environmental stimuli, which has fueled an area of research investigating therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils. Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccination is an immunotherapy that has exhibited clinical promise but has shown limited clinical efficacy. Enhancing our understanding of the communications occurring during DC cancer vaccination can uncover opportunities for enhancing the DC vaccine platform. There have been observed communications between neutrophils and DCs during natural immune responses. However, their crosstalk has been poorly studied in the context of DC vaccination. Here, we review the dual functionality of neutrophils in the context of cancers, describe the crosstalk between neutrophils and DCs during immune responses, and discuss their implications in DC cancer vaccination. This discussion will focus on how neutrophil extracellular traps can influence immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and what roles they may play in promoting or hindering DC vaccine-induced anti-tumor efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou Z, Yang W, Yu T, Yu Y, Zhao X, Yu Y, Gu C, Bilotta AJ, Yao S, Zhao Q, Golovko G, Li M, Cong Y. GPR120 promotes neutrophil control of intestinal bacterial infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2190311. [PMID: 36927391 PMCID: PMC10026904 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2190311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR 120) has been implicated in anti-inflammatory functions. However, how GPR120 regulates the neutrophil function remains unknown. This study investigated the role of GPR120 in the regulation of neutrophil function against enteric bacteria. 16S rRNA sequencing was used for measuring the gut microbiota of wild-type (WT) mice and Gpr120-/- mice. Citrobacter rodentium infection and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models were performed in WT and Gpr120-/- mice. Mouse peritoneal-derived primary neutrophils were used to determine the neutrophil functions. Gpr120-/- mice showed altered microbiota composition. Gpr120-/- mice exhibited less capacity to clear intestinal Citrobacter rodentium and more severe intestinal inflammation upon infection or DSS insults. Depletion of neutrophils decreased the intestinal clearance of Citrobacter rodentium. GPR120 agonist, CpdA, enhanced WT neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular traps (NETs), and GPR120-deficient neutrophils demonstrated a lower level of ROS and NETs. CpdA-treated neutrophils showed an enhanced capacity to inhibit the growth of Citrobacter rodentium, which was abrogated by the inhibition of either NETs or ROS. CpdA promoted neutrophil inhibition of the growth of commensal bacteria Escherichia coli O9:H4 and pathobiont Escherichia coli O83:H1 isolated from a Crohn's disease patient. Mechanically, mTOR activation and glycolysis mediated GPR120 induction of ROS and NETs in neutrophils. Additionally, CpdA promoted the neutrophil production of IL-17 and IL-22, and treatment with a conditioned medium of GPR120-activated neutrophils increased intestinal epithelial cell barrier functions. Our study demonstrated the critical role of GPR120 in neutrophils in protection against enteric bacterial invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Chuncai Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Bristol-MyersSquibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fang Q, Stehr AM, Naschberger E, Knopf J, Herrmann M, Stürzl M. No NETs no TIME: Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075260. [PMID: 36618417 PMCID: PMC9816414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) controls tumorigenesis. Neutrophils are important components of TIME and control tumor progression and therapy resistance. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) ejected by activated neutrophils are net-like structures composed of decondensed extracellular chromatin filaments decorated with a plethora of granules as well as cytoplasmic proteins. Many of these harbour post translational modifications. Cancer cells reportedly trigger NET formation, and conversely, NETs alter the TIME and promote tumor cell proliferation and migration. The specific interactions between NETs and TIME and the respective effects on tumor progression are still elusive. In certain tumors, a CD4+ T helper (Th) 2 cell-associated TIME induces NETs and exerts immunosuppressive functions via programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1, both associated with poorer prognosis. In other cases, NETs induce the proliferation of Th1 cells, associated with an improved prognosis in cancer. In addition, NETs can drive macrophage polarization and often rely on macrophages to promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In turn, macrophages can swiftly clear NETs in an immunologically silent manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge about the mutual interaction between NETs and TIME and its impact on tumor growth and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Margarethe Stehr
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,*Correspondence: Michael Stürzl,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 11:cells11213521. [PMID: 36359917 PMCID: PMC9654069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.
Collapse
|
33
|
Schoen J, Euler M, Schauer C, Schett G, Herrmann M, Knopf J, Yaykasli KO. Neutrophils' Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12855. [PMID: 36361646 PMCID: PMC9653572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They phagocytose, release granular contents, produce reactive oxygen species, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to fight pathogens. With the characterization of NETs and their components, neutrophils were identified as players of the innate adaptive crosstalk. This has placed NETs at the center not only of physiological but also pathological processes. Aside from their role in pathogen uptake and clearance, NETs have been demonstrated to contribute to the resolution of inflammation by forming aggregated NETs able to degrade inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, NETs have the potential to foster severe pathological conditions. When homeostasis is disrupted, they occlude vessels and ducts, serve as sources of autoantigens and danger or damage associated molecular patterns, directly damage tissues, and exaggerate complement activity and inflammation. This review focusses on the understanding of NETs from their formation to their functions in both physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schoen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilien Euler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kursat Oguz Yaykasli
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Oberhofer A, Gabriel S, Polatoglou E, Randeu H, Uhlig C, Pfister H, Mayer Z, Holdenrieder S. New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel J. Bronkhorst
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou F, Zhang G, Wu Y, Xiong Y. Inflammasome Complexes: Crucial mediators in osteoimmunology and bone diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Aging hampers neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) efficacy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2345-2353. [PMID: 35920993 PMCID: PMC9637667 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background NETosis is a neutrophil-mediated defense mechanism during which DNA and enzymes are extruded forming a network (NETs) trapping and killing different pathogens. NETosis is reduced in both mice and humans during aging. Aims We explored the difference in the efficacy of NETs released in elderly (> 65 years) versus adults (20–50 years) subjects in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus growth and activating the growth of keratinocytes. Methods Neutrophil granulocytes, obtained from venous blood both in healthy elderly and adult subjects, were stimulated by LPS (0–250 µg/ml) to induce the formation of NET. NETs were quantified by SYBR Green staining and growth inhibition of S. aureus was evaluated by disk diffusion test. Furthermore, NETs (0–500 ng/ml) were added to immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), and their proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 h. Finally, the DNA size of NETs was evaluated by flow cytometry after SYBR Green staining. Results Greater production of NETs was observed in elderly subjects than in adults, but these NETs showed reduced bactericidal capacity and HaCaT cells’ proliferation stimulation. The activities of the NETs are related to the size of the extruded DNA threads, and when NETs size was analyzed, DNA from elderly showed a higher size compared to that obtained by adults. Discussion Unexpected results showed aging-related NETs structural modification resulting in both a lower antimicrobial activity and keratinocyte proliferation stimulation compared to NETs obtained from adults. Conclusions The NETs DNA size observed in elderly subjects has not been previously reported and could be part of other pathogenic mechanisms observed in aging.
Collapse
|
37
|
Allen ER, Whitefoot-Keliin KM, Palmatier EM, Mahon AR, Greenlee-Wacker MC. Extracellular vesicles from A23187-treated neutrophils cause cGAS-STING-dependent IL-6 production by macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949451. [PMID: 35967325 PMCID: PMC9374307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to several types of bacteria, as well as pharmacological agents, neutrophils produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) and release DNA in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, it is unknown whether these two neutrophil products cooperate to modulate inflammation. Consistent with vital NETosis, neutrophils challenged with S. aureus, as well as those treated with A23187, released significantly more DNA relative to untreated or fMLF-treated neutrophils, with no lysis occurring for any condition. To test the hypothesis that EVs generated during NETosis caused macrophage inflammation, we isolated and characterized EVs from A23187-treated neutrophils (A23187-EVs). A23187-EVs associated with neutrophil granule proteins, histone H3, transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We showed that DNA from A23187-EVs, when transfected into macrophages, led to production of IL-6 and IFN-α2, and this response was blunted by pre-treatment with the STING inhibitor H151. Next, we confirmed that A23187-EVs were engulfed by macrophages, and showed that they induced cGAS-STING-dependent IL-6 production. In contrast, neither EVs from untreated or fMLF-treated cells exhibited pro-inflammatory activity. Although detergent-mediated lysis of A23187-EVs diminished IL-6 production, removal of surface-associated DNA with DNase I treatment had no effect, and A23187-EVs did not induce IFN-α2 production. Given these unexpected results, we investigated whether macrophage mtDNA activated the cGAS-STING signaling axis. Consistent with mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a defined mechanism of mtDNA release, we observed macrophage mitochondrial membrane depolarization, a decrease in cytosolic Bax, and a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c, suggesting that macrophage mtDNA may initiate this EV-dependent signaling cascade. All together, these data demonstrate that A23187-EVs behave differently than transfected NET- or EV-DNA, and that neutrophil-derived EVs could be used as a model to study NF-κB-dependent STING activation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liao C, Mao F, Qian M, Wang X. Pathogen-Derived Nucleases: An Effective Weapon for Escaping Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899890. [PMID: 35865526 PMCID: PMC9294136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2004 publication of the first study describing extracellular traps (ETs) from human neutrophils, several reports have shown the presence of ETs in a variety of different animals and plants. ETs perform two important functions of immobilizing and killing invading microbes and are considered a novel part of the phagocytosis-independent, innate immune extracellular defense system. However, several pathogens can release nucleases that degrade the DNA backbone of ETs, reducing their effectiveness and resulting in increased pathogenicity. In this review, we examined the relevant literature and summarized the results on bacterial and fungal pathogens and parasites that produce nucleases to evade the ET-mediated host antimicrobial mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| | - Fuchao Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Vocational and Technical College, Luoyang, China
| | - Man Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Block H, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. The Fatal Circle of NETs and NET-Associated DAMPs Contributing to Organ Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:1919. [PMID: 35741047 PMCID: PMC9222025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens or sterile injuries. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) sense molecules released from inflamed or damaged cells, or foreign molecules resulting from invading pathogens. PRRs can in turn induce inflammatory responses, comprising the generation of cytokines or chemokines, which further induce immune cell recruitment. Neutrophils represent an essential factor in the early immune response and fulfill numerous tasks to fight infection or heal injuries. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is part of it and was originally attributed to the capture and elimination of pathogens. In the last decade studies revealed a detrimental role of NETs during several diseases, often correlated with an exaggerated immune response. Overwhelming inflammation in single organs can induce remote organ damage, thereby further perpetuating release of inflammatory molecules. Here, we review recent findings regarding damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are able to induce NET formation, as well as NET components known to act as DAMPs, generating a putative fatal circle of inflammation contributing to organ damage and sequentially occurring remote organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (H.B.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aloul KM, Nielsen JE, Defensor EB, Lin JS, Fortkort JA, Shamloo M, Cirillo JD, Gombart AF, Barron AE. Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880961. [PMID: 35634307 PMCID: PMC9134243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation by inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells, all hallmarks of a strong inflammatory response that can lead to severe complications and multi-organ damage. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with a high prevalence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombosis that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia, diabetes, and old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19, possibly concomitant with the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain and invasion of the nervous system via the olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review the relevance of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in SARS-CoV-2 infections. LL-37 is an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory response, neovascularization, Lewy body formation, and pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form of vitamin D and a number of other compounds induce LL-37 expression and one might predict its upregulation, could reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation of LL-37 will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance by macrophages, speeding endothelial repair after inflammatory tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, and supporting blood-glucose level stabilization by facilitating insulin release and islet β-cell neogenesis. In addition, it has been postulated that LL-37 can directly bind the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purposeful upregulation of LL-37 could also serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Aloul
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Erwin B. Defensor
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John A. Fortkort
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen X, Wang L, Jiang M, Lin L, Ba Z, Tian H, Li G, Chen L, Liu Q, Hou X, Wu M, Liu L, Ju W, Zeng W, Zhou Z. Leukocytes in Cerebral Thrombus Respond to Large-Vessel Occlusion in a Time-Dependent Manner and the Association of NETs With Collateral Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834562. [PMID: 35251025 PMCID: PMC8891436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombus components are dynamically influenced by local blood flow and blood immune cells. After a large-vessel occlusion stroke, changes in the cerebral thrombus are unclear. Here we assessed a total of 206 cerebral thrombi from patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. The thrombi were categorized by time to reperfusion of <4 h (T4), 4–8 h (T4–8), and >8 h (T8). The cellular compositions in thrombus were analyzed, and relevant clinical features were compared. Both white blood cells and neutrophils were increased and then decreased in thrombus with time to reperfusion, which were positively correlated with those in peripheral blood. The neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) content in thrombus was correlated with the degree of neurological impairment of patients. Moreover, with prolonged time to reperfusion, the patients showed a trend of better collateral grade, which was associated with a lower NET content in the thrombus. In conclusion, the present results reveal the relationship between time-related endovascular immune response and clinical symptoms post-stroke from the perspective of thrombus and peripheral blood. The time-related pathological changes of cerebral thrombus may not be the direct cause for the difficulty in thrombolysis and thrombectomy. A low NET content in thrombi indicates excellent collateral flow, which suggests that treatments targeting NETs in thrombi might be beneficial for early neurological protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zigong Third People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaojing Ba
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenying Ju
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ronchetti L, Terrenato I, Ferretti M, Corrado G, Goeman F, Donzelli S, Mandoj C, Merola R, Zampa A, Carosi M, Blandino G, Conti L, Lobascio AM, Iacobelli M, Vizza E, Piaggio G, Gurtner A. Circulating cell free DNA and citrullinated histone H3 as useful biomarkers of NETosis in endometrial cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:151. [PMID: 35449078 PMCID: PMC9027343 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer mortality is mainly caused by organ failure and thrombotic events. It has been demonstrated that NETosis, a chromatin release mechanism implemented by neutrophils, may contribute to these lethal systemic effects. Our aim was to investigate NETosis biomarkers in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS The experiments were conducted on 21 healthy subjects (HS) with no gynecological conditions, and on 63 EC patients. To assess the presence of NETosis features, IHC and IF was performed using antibodies against citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (NE) and histone 2B. Serum levels of cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) and citH3 were measured by qPCR using one microliter of deactivated serum, and by ELISA assay respectively. Fragmentation pattern of serum cfDNA was analyzed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and High Sensitivity DNA Chips. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify a cut off for cfDNA and cfmtDNA values able to discriminate between ECs and HSs. Correlation analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) between cfDNA, mtcfDNA, citH3 and blood parameters were used to identify the potential association among serum parameters in EC grades. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of NETosis features in tissues from all EC grades. Serum cfDNA and cfmtDNA levels discriminate ECs from HSs and a direct correlation between citH3 and cfDNA content and an inverse correlation between cfmtDNA and citH3 in EC sera was observed, not detectable in HSs. MCA indicates cfDNA, cfmtDNA and citH3 as features associated to G1 and G2 grades. A correlation between increased levels of cfDNA, citH3 and inflammation features was found. Finally, serum nucleosomal cfDNA fragmentation pattern varies in EC sera and correlates with increased levels of cfDNA, citH3, lymphocytes and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the occurrence of NETosis in EC and indicate serum cfDNA and citH3 as noninvasive biomarkers of tumor-induced systemic effects in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ronchetti
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Clinical Trial Center - Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferretti
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Department of Women and Children Health, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Merola
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashanti Zampa
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lobascio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Iacobelli
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang J, Wang J, Gong Y, Gu Y, Xiang Q, Tang LL. Interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as predictors of the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:343. [PMID: 35382755 PMCID: PMC8983324 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is a common complication of influenza and closely related to mortality in influenza patients. The present study examines cytokines as predictors of the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia. Methods This study included 101 inpatients with influenza (64 pneumonia and 37 non-pneumonia patients). 48 cytokines were detected in the serum samples of the patients and the clinical characteristics were analyzed. The correlation between them was analyzed to identify predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of influenza-associated pneumonia. Results Seventeen patients had poor prognosis and developed pneumonia. Among patients with influenza-associated pneumonia, the levels of 8 cytokines were significantly higher in those who had a poor prognosis: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha and Hepatocyte growth factor. Correlation analysis showed that the IL-6, G-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels had positive correlations with the severity of pneumonia. IL-6 and G-CSF showed a strong and positive correlation with poor prognosis in influenza-associated pneumonia patients. The combined effect of the two cytokines resulted in the largest area (0.926) under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Conclusion The results indicate that the probability of poor prognosis in influenza patients with pneumonia is significantly increased. IL-6, G-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels had a positive correlation with the severity of pneumonia. Importantly, IL-6 and G-CSF were identified as significant predictors of the severity of influenza-associated pneumonia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07321-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Gu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. .,Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Filep JG. Targeting Neutrophils for Promoting the Resolution of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866747. [PMID: 35371088 PMCID: PMC8966391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a localized and self-limited innate host-defense mechanism against invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in humans, play pivotal roles in host defense by eradicating invading pathogens and debris. Ideally, elimination of the offending insult prompts repair and return to homeostasis. However, the neutrophils` powerful weaponry to combat microbes can also cause tissue damage and neutrophil-driven inflammation is a unifying mechanism for many diseases. For timely resolution of inflammation, in addition to stopping neutrophil recruitment, emigrated neutrophils need to be disarmed and removed from the affected site. Accumulating evidence documents the phenotypic and functional versatility of neutrophils far beyond their antimicrobial functions. Hence, understanding the receptors that integrate opposing cues and checkpoints that determine the fate of neutrophils in inflamed tissues provides insight into the mechanisms that distinguish protective and dysregulated, excessive inflammation and govern resolution. This review aims to provide a brief overview and update with key points from recent advances on neutrophil heterogeneity, functional versatility and signaling, and discusses challenges and emerging therapeutic approaches that target neutrophils to enhance the resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheng KH, Contreras GP, Yeh TY. Potential Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cardio-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073573. [PMID: 35408933 PMCID: PMC8998890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity has emerged as the leading cause of death in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Thus, cardio-oncology (CO) care must also focus on the prevention and management of related cardiovascular (CV) complications caused by cancer therapy. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—entities with released DNA, proteases, proinflammatory and prooxidative substances from blasted neutrophils—play an important role in cancer proliferation, propagation metastasis, and incident CV events (acute coronary syndrome, thromboembolic events, and heart failure). Although NETs have been shown to be involved in cancer progression and incident CV events, little is known about their relationship with cardio-oncology, especially on cancer treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTRCT). This review aims to explore the evidence of the impact of NETs on cancer, CV events, and CTRCT, and the possible solutions based on the mechanism of NETs activation and NETs released toxic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Gregory P. Contreras
- Auxergen Inc., Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Ting-Yu Yeh
- Auxergen Inc., Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Role of NETosis in Central Nervous System Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235524. [PMID: 35028005 PMCID: PMC8752220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury is divided into brain injury and spinal cord injury and remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous reviews have defined numerous inflammatory cells involved in this process. In the human body, neutrophils comprise the largest numbers of myeloid leukocytes. Activated neutrophils release extracellular web-like DNA amended with antimicrobial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs was demonstrated as a new method of cell death called NETosis. As the first line of defence against injury, neutrophils mediate a variety of adverse reactions in the early stage, and we consider that NETs may be the prominent mediators of CNS injury. Therefore, exploring the specific role of NETs in CNS injury may help us shed some light on early changes in the disease. Simultaneously, we discovered that there is a link between NETosis and other cell death pathways by browsing other research, which is helpful for us to establish crossroads between known cell death pathways. Currently, there is a large amount of research concerning NETosis in various diseases, but the role of NETosis in CNS injury remains unknown. Therefore, this review will introduce the role of NETosis in CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia, CNS infection, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury, by describing the mechanism of NETosis, the evidence of NETosis in CNS injury, and the link between NETosis and other cell death pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss some agents that inhibit NETosis as therapies to alleviate the severity of CNS injury. NETosis may be a potential target for the treatment of CNS injury, so exploring NETosis provides a feasible therapeutic option for CNS injury in the future.
Collapse
|
47
|
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: More Complicated Than Anticipated. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the most abundant leucocytes in the circulation in humans. They represent a heterogeneous population exerting diverse functions through several activities. Usually described as typical pro-inflammatory cells, immunomodulatory properties of PMNs have been reported. Among others, once activated and depending on the stimulus, PMNs expel neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the extracellular space. NETs are complexes made of DNA and granule proteins representing an innate immune mechanism fighting infections. Nevertheless, an excess of NET formation might be involved in the development of inflammatory or autoimmune responses. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology and affecting mostly women. Several abnormal or non-classical functions of PMNs or PMN sub-populations have been described in SLE and RA. Particularly, NETs have been suggested to trigger pro-inflammatory responses by exposing pro-inflammatory mediators. Likewise, NETs may be the targets of autoantibodies or even might trigger the development of autoantibodies by exposing autoantigens. In the present review, we will summarize heterogeneous properties of human PMNs and we will discuss recent evidence linking PMNs and NETs to the pathogenesis of both SLE and RA.
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen Y, Han L, Qiu X, Wang G, Zheng J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Digestive Cancers: Warrior or Accomplice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766636. [PMID: 34868992 PMCID: PMC8639597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized as a complex of extracellular DNA fibers and granule proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are generated specifically by neutrophils which play a critical role in host defense and immune regulation. NETs have been initially found crucial for neutrophil anti-microbial function. Recent studies suggest that NETs are involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the function of NETs in cancer remains unclear, which might be due to the variation of research models and the heterogeneity of cancers. Although most of malignant tumors have similar biological behaviors, significant differences indeed exist in various systems. Malignant tumors of the digestive system cause the most incidence and mortality of cancer worldwide. In this review, we would focus on research developments on NETs in digestive cancers to provide insights on their role in digestive cancer progression and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Singhal A, Kumar S. Neutrophil and remnant clearance in immunity and inflammation. Immunology 2021; 165:22-43. [PMID: 34704249 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-centred inflammation and flawed clearance of neutrophils cause and exuberate multiple pathological conditions. These most abundant leukocytes exhibit very high daily turnover in steady-state and stress conditions. Various armours including oxidative burst, NETs and proteases function against pathogens, but also dispose neutrophils to spawn pro-inflammatory responses. Neutrophils undergo death through different pathways upon ageing, infection, executing the intruder's elimination. These include non-lytic apoptosis and other lytic deaths including NETosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis with distinct disintegration of the cellular membrane. This causes release and presence of different intracellular cytotoxic, and tissue-damaging content as cell remnants in the extracellular environment. The apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies get cleared with non-inflammatory outcomes, while lytic deaths associated remnants including histones and cell-free DNA cause pro-inflammatory responses. Indeed, the enhanced frequencies of neutrophil-associated proteases, cell-free DNA and autoantibodies in diverse pathologies including sepsis, asthma, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, imply disturbed neutrophil resolution programmes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the clearance mechanisms of neutrophils and associated remnants are vital for therapeutics. Though studies focused on clearance mechanisms of senescent or apoptotic neutrophils so far generated a good understanding of the same, clearance of neutrophils undergoing distinct lytic deaths, including NETs, are being the subjects of intense investigations. Here, in this review, we are providing the current updates in the clearance mechanisms of apoptotic neutrophils and focusing on not so well-defined recognition, uptake and degradation of neutrophils undergoing lytic death and associated remnants that may provide new therapeutic approaches in inflammation and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurwa Singhal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Postal Staff College Area, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhu S, Yu Y, Ren Y, Xu L, Wang H, Ling X, Jin L, Hu Y, Zhang H, Miao C, Guo K. The emerging roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in wound healing. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:984. [PMID: 34686654 PMCID: PMC8536667 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing causes problems for many patients both physically and psychologically, contributing to pain, economic burden, loss of function, and even amputation. Although many factors affect the wound healing process, abnormally prolonged or augmented inflammation in the wound site is a common cause of poor wound healing. Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation during this phase may amplify inflammation and hinder wound healing. However, the roles of NETs in wound healing are still unclear. Herein, we briefly introduce NET formation and discuss the possible NET-related mechanisms in wound healing. We conclude with a discussion of current studies, focusing on the roles of NETs in diabetic and normoglycemic wounds and the effectiveness of NET-targeting treatments in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuainan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kefang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|